DOCSLIB.ORG

A Semantic Analysis of Kikamba Spatial Expressions Using the Cognitive Semantics Theory

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Semantic Analysis of Kikamba Spatial Expressions Using the Cognitive Semantics Theory A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF KIKAMBA SPATIAL EXPRESSIONS USING THE COGNITIVE SEMANTICS THEORY NGINA, FLORENCE KILONZO C50/84013/2012 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS 2015 DECLARATION This project is my original work and has not been submitted for a degree or any other award in any other university. Signature …………………………………. Date……………………… Name: Ngina, Florence Kilonzo C50/84013/2012 SUPERVISORS This project has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors Signature……………………………… Date………………….. Dr. Helga Shroeder Signature………………………… Date…………………….. Dr Iribe Mwangi ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background to the study ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Statement of the problem .......................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Research questions .................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Rationale of the study ............................................................................................................... 5 1.7 Scope and limitations ................................................................................................................ 5 1.8 Literature review ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.8.1 Literature on Kikamba .................................................................................................... 6 1.8.2 Literature on spatial prepositions ................................................................................... 7 1.9 Theoretical framework .............................................................................................................. 9 1.9.1 Cognitive Semantics Theory .......................................................................................... 9 1.9.2 Frames of reference ...................................................................................................... 10 1.10 Definition of terms ................................................................................................................ 12 1.11 Research methodology .......................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 2: DEMONSTRATIVES USED AS SPATIAL EXPRESSIONS ....................... 15 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.2. General overview of demonstratives ..................................................................................... 15 2.3 Demonstratives in spatial perspective ..................................................................................... 16 2.4 Kikamba Spatial Adverbial Demonstratives ........................................................................... 18 2.5 Kikamba adjectival demonstratives ........................................................................................ 22 iii 2.6. Kikamba spatial demonstrative pronouns .............................................................................. 24 2.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 29 CHAPTER 3: SPATIAL ORIENTATION IN RELATION TO OBJECTS. ....................... 30 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 30 3.2 General overview of spatial prepositions ................................................................................ 30 3.3 Figure and ground in prepositions .......................................................................................... 31 3.4 Kikamba Spatial Prepositions ................................................................................................ 31 3.4.1 ĩũlũ wa – ( on top of/ above/ up) .................................................................................. 32 3.4.2 – ea na (down) ............................................................................................................. 34 3.4.3 – lĩngĩ - ( a/round) ........................................................................................................ 35 3.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 45 CHAPTER 4: BODY SIDEDNESS ORIENTATION FOR FIGURE AND GROUND ..... 46 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 46 4.2 An overview of body sidedness as a co ordinate system ........................................................ 46 4.3 Kwoko kwa aka (the left hand) ............................................................................................... 47 4.4 Kwoko kwa aume (the right hand) ......................................................................................... 49 4.5 Mbee wa – ( before/ ahead of/ in front of) .............................................................................. 52 4.6 Ĩtina wa – (behind/ at the back of/ after).............................................................................. 56 4.7 Absolute frames of reference .................................................................................................. 58 4.7.1 Mũniino wa ũsĩ (along the river bank) ......................................................................... 59 4.7.2 The Kikamba Preposition - ma syĩĩmanĩ (of the hills). ............................................... 61 4.7.3 Umiloni Wa Sua – (East) And Uthuiloni Wa Sua (West) ............................................ 62 4.7.4 Kikamba Preposition ĩũlũ yĩu – ( west/westwards) and ĩtheo yĩu – (east/ eastwards) . 63 4.8 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 65 CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................... 67 5.1 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 67 5.2 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 67 5.3 Recommendations for further research ................................................................................... 69 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................... 70 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BP – body part DEM – demonstrative FoR - Frame of Reference PERF – perfect tense PGR – progressive tense PL – plural PPT – past participle tense PREP – preposition SGL – singular SPT – simple present tense v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 adverbial demonstratives from the zero-point ................................................................ 17 Figure 2 showing kikamba spatial demonstrative adverbs in three dimensions in relation to the deictic center. ................................................................................................................. 22 Figure 3 showing the distribution of Kikamba demonstratives in their contrastive distribution. 27 Figure 4 showing the meaning of –lingĩ - (a/round). ................................................................... 36 Figure 5 showing the spatial orientation of ng‟oko (over). .......................................................... 41 Figure 6 showing the spatial orientation of mũingo (across). ..................................................... 43 Figure 7 showing across (mũkĩlo) the road. ................................................................................. 44 Figure 8 the garden F is to the left of the home G from the view point V. ................................... 48 Figure 9 the garden F is to the right of the home G from the view point V .................................. 50 Figure 10 showing the Kikamba preposition
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scripture Translations in Kenya
    / / SCRIPTURE TRANSLATIONS IN KENYA by DOUGLAS WANJOHI (WARUTA A thesis submitted in part fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Arts in the University of Nairobi 1975 UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI LIBRARY Tills thesis is my original work and has not been presented ior a degree in any other University* This thesis has been submitted lor examination with my approval as University supervisor* - 3- SCRIPTURE TRANSLATIONS IN KENYA CONTENTS p. 3 PREFACE p. 4 Chapter I p. 8 GENERAL REASONS FOR THE TRANSLATION OF SCRIPTURES INTO VARIOUS LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS Chapter II p. 13 THE PIONEER TRANSLATORS AND THEIR PROBLEMS Chapter III p . ) L > THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSLATORS AND THE BIBLE SOCIETIES Chapter IV p. 22 A GENERAL SURVEY OF SCRIPTURE TRANSLATIONS IN KENYA Chapter V p. 61 THE DISTRIBUTION OF SCRIPTURES IN KENYA Chapter VI */ p. 64 A STUDY OF FOUR LANGUAGES IN TRANSLATION Chapter VII p. 84 GENERAL RESULTS OF THE TRANSLATIONS CONCLUSIONS p. 87 NOTES p. 9 2 TABLES FOR SCRIPTURE TRANSLATIONS IN AFRICA 1800-1900 p. 98 ABBREVIATIONS p. 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY p . 106 ✓ - 4- Preface + ... This is an attempt to write the story of Scripture translations in Kenya. The story started in 1845 when J.L. Krapf, a German C.M.S. missionary, started his translations of Scriptures into Swahili, Galla and Kamba. The work of translation has since continued to go from strength to strength. There were many problems during the pioneer days. Translators did not know well enough the language into which they were to translate, nor could they get dependable help from their illiterate and semi­ literate converts.
    [Show full text]
  • LCSH Section K
    K., Rupert (Fictitious character) Motion of K stars in line of sight Ka-đai language USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) Radial velocity of K stars USE Kadai languages K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) — Orbits Ka’do Herdé language USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) UF Galactic orbits of K stars USE Herdé language K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) K stars—Galactic orbits Ka’do Pévé language UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) BT Orbits USE Pévé language K9 (Fictitious character) — Radial velocity Ka Dwo (Asian people) K 37 (Military aircraft) USE K stars—Motion in line of sight USE Kadu (Asian people) USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) — Spectra Ka-Ga-Nga script (May Subd Geog) K 98 k (Rifle) K Street (Sacramento, Calif.) UF Script, Ka-Ga-Nga USE Mauser K98k rifle This heading is not valid for use as a geographic BT Inscriptions, Malayan K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 subdivision. Ka-houk (Wash.) USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 BT Streets—California USE Ozette Lake (Wash.) K.A. Lind Honorary Award K-T boundary Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary UF Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) K.A. Linds hederspris K-T Extinction Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction BT National parks and reserves—Hawaii K-ABC (Intelligence test) K-T Mass Extinction Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-B Bridge (Palau) K-TEA (Achievement test) Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) USE Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-BIT (Intelligence test) K-theory Ka-ju-ken-bo USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test [QA612.33] USE Kajukenbo K.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes and References
    Notes and References 1 The Foundation of Kenya Colony I. P[ublic] R[ecord] O[ffice] Kew CO 533/234 ff 432-44. Kenya was how Johann Krapf, the German missionary who was in 1849 the first white man to see the mountain, transliterated the Kamba pronunciation of the Kikuyu name for it, Kirinyaga. The Kamba substituted glottal stops for intermediate consonants, hence 'Ki-i-ny-a'. T. C. Colchester, 'Origins of Kenya as the Name of the Country', Rhodes House. Mss Afr s.1849. 2. PRO CO 822/3117 Malcolm MacDonald to Duncan Sandys. Secret and Personal. 18 September 1963. 3. The new rail routes in question were the Uasin Gishu line and the Thika extension. M. F. Hill, Permanent Way. The StOlY of the Kenya and Uganda Railway (Nairobi: East African Railways and Harbours, 2nd edn 1961), p. 392. 4. Daily Sketch, 5 July 1920, p. 5. 5. Sekallyolya ('the crane [or stork] looking out on the world') was first printed in Nairobi in the Luganda language in 1921. From time to time it brought out editions in Swahili and for special occasions in English. Harry Thuku's Tangazo was the first Kenya African single­ sheet newsletter. 6. Interview with James Beauttah, Fort Hall, 1964. Beauttah was one of the first English-speaking African telephone operators. He claimed to be the first African to have electricity in his house. 7. PRO FO 2/377 A. Gray to FO, 16 February 1900, 'Memo on Report of Law Officers of the Crown reo East Africa and Uganda Protector­ ates'. The effect of the opinion of the law officers is that Her Majesty has, by virtue of her Protectorate, entire control over all lands unappropriated ..
    [Show full text]
  • Construction of Masculinity in Kenyan Popular Music: a Close Analysis of Selected Kamba Popular Performances
    CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY IN KENYAN POPULAR MUSIC: A CLOSE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED KAMBA POPULAR PERFORMANCES DANIEL CATHERINE NDUKU C50/80489/2015 A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS IN LITERATURE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. NOVEMBER 2020 DECLARATION This project is my original work and has not been presented for examination in any other university. Signed_________________________ Date ______________________ Catherine Nduku Daniel C50/89489/2015 This project has been submitted with our approval as University supervisors: First Supervisor: Dr. Joseph Muleka Signed_________________________ Date ______________________ Second Supervisor. Dr. Makau Kitata Signed_________________________ Date ______________________ i DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my husband Jeremiah David Muthama Muthembwa; your love patience and encouragement inspired me. To my sons and daughters; you believed in me and this gave me strength in hard times. You gave me the reason to do it all. To my parents Daniel Kithuva and Grace Ndinda; the lessons you gave me taught me never to give up. To my friends; your counsel came at the right time. And above all to God whose grace was always sufficient. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My utmost gratitude goes to the almighty God for the gift of life, knowledge and wisdom that led to the successful completion of this project. I owe a great deal of gratitude to my dear supervisors Dr. Joseph Muleka and Dr. Makau Kitata without whose guidance this project could have remained a dream. You were patient with me even when I seemed to take eternity to complete this project. I also stretch my gratitude to the entire staff of the Department of Literature at the University of Nairobi for their unwavering intellectual support.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cross -Linguistic Study of Animal Metaphors: a Case Study of Kamba and Maasai Languages
    A CROSS -LINGUISTIC STUDY OF ANIMAL METAPHORS: A CASE STUDY OF KAMBA AND MAASAI LANGUAGES BY MUANGE CATHERINE NDUNGE C50/80597/2015 A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS, IN LINGUISTICS DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGES, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. 2018 i DECLARATION This research project is my original work and has not been submitted for examination in any other university. Signature:…………………………………… Date……………………………… Muange Catherine Ndunge This project has been submitted for examination with our approval of the university supervisors. Signature:…………………………………… Date……………………………… Prof. Helga Schroeder University of Nairobi Signature:…………………………………… Date……………………………… Prof. Lilian Kaviti University of Nairobi ii DEDICATION To my beloved husband Charles. Thank you for your heartfelt support towards achieving my Dream. To my lovely children, Frank and Audrey, your patience and understanding is worthy this great achievement. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First I would like to thank God for his guidance and inspiration throughout my Masters programme. Indeed, this was a divine mission. I would also like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Prof. Schroeder for the patience, guidance, dedication and immeasurable support during my project writing journey. Prof. you made me realize that nothing is impossible in this world. God bless you to assist many more achieve their dreams. My special thanks go to all the lecturers in the Department of Linguistics. This dream has come true because of your love to share without reservation in the field of Linguistics. Thanks to you Dr. Mungania, Dr. Marete, Prof. Manyora, Dr. Ayub Mukhwana, Dr. Atoh, Prof. Maloba, Late Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue 97
    Eastern Africa A catalogue of books concerning the countries of Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and Malawi. Catalogue 97 London: Michael Graves-Johnston, 2007 Michael Graves-Johnston 54, Stockwell Park Road, LONDON SW9 0DA Tel: 020 - 7274 – 2069 Fax: 020 - 7738 – 3747 Website: www.Graves-Johnston.com Email: [email protected] Eastern Africa: Catalogue 97. Published by Michael Graves-Johnston, London: 2007. VAT Reg.No. GB 238 2333 72 ISBN 978-0-9554227-1-3 Price: £ 5.00 All goods remain the property of the seller until paid for in full. All prices are net and forwarding is extra. All books are in very good condition, in the publishers’ original cloth binding, and are First Editions, unless specifically stated otherwise. Any book may be returned if unsatisfactory, provided we are advised in advance. Your attention is drawn to your rights as a consumer under the Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000. The illustrations in the text are taken from item 49: Cott: Uganda in Black and White. The cover photograph is taken from item 299: Photographs. East Africa. Eastern Africa 1. A Guide to Zanzibar: A detailed account of Zanzibar Town and Island, including general information about the Protectorate, and a description of Itineraries for the use of visitors. Zanzibar: Printed by the Government Printer, 1952 Wrpps, Cr.8vo. xiv,146pp. + 18pp. advertisements, 4 maps, biblio., appendices, index. Slight wear to spine, a very nice copy in the publisher’s pink wrappers. £ 15.00 2. A Plan for the Mechanized Production of Groundnuts in East and Central Africa. Presented by the Minister of Food to Parliament by Command of His Majesty February, 1947.
    [Show full text]
  • [.35 **Natural Language Processing Class Here Computational Linguistics See Manual at 006.35 Vs
    006 006 006 DeweyiDecimaliClassification006 006 [.35 **Natural language processing Class here computational linguistics See Manual at 006.35 vs. 410.285 *Use notation 019 from Table 1 as modified at 004.019 400 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 400 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 [400 [400 *‡Language Class here interdisciplinary works on language and literature For literature, see 800; for rhetoric, see 808. For the language of a specific discipline or subject, see the discipline or subject, plus notation 014 from Table 1, e.g., language of science 501.4 (Option A: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, class in 410, where full instructions appear (Option B: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, place before 420 through use of a letter or other symbol. Full instructions appear under 420–490) 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 SUMMARY [401–409 Standard subdivisions and bilingualism [410 Linguistics [420 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) [430 German and related languages [440 French and related Romance languages [450 Italian, Dalmatian, Romanian, Rhaetian, Sardinian, Corsican [460 Spanish, Portuguese, Galician [470 Latin and related Italic languages [480 Classical Greek and related Hellenic languages [490 Other languages 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [401 *‡Philosophy and theory See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [.3 *‡International languages Class here universal languages; general
    [Show full text]
  • An Adventist Missiological Response to Traditional Beliefs in Kenya
    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertation Projects DMin Graduate Research 2008 An Adventist Missiological Response to Traditional Beliefs in Kenya Festus Felix Gumbo Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin Part of the Practical Theology Commons Recommended Citation Gumbo, Festus Felix, "An Adventist Missiological Response to Traditional Beliefs in Kenya" (2008). Dissertation Projects DMin. 293. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin/293 This Project Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertation Projects DMin by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT AN ADVENTIST MISSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO TRADITIONAL BELIEFS IN KENYA by Festus F. Gumbo Advisor: Bruce Bauer ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: AN ADVENTIST MISSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO TRADITIONAL BELIEFS IN KENYA Name of researcher: Festus Felix Gumbo Name and degree of faculty advisor: Bruce L. Bauer, D.Miss. Date completed: May 2008 Problem Seventh-day Adventist Christians in Kenya struggle to practice pure biblical teaching because many still practice African traditional beliefs. Many traditional beliefs are inconsistent with biblical teachings. This problem has contributed to syncretism that has weakened the Adventist message in Kenya. Many of the church members follow traditional beliefs because they fear to be condemned by members in society. The traditional belief that says a dead person continues to live and can communicate with the family is still strongly supported by many people in Kenya.
    [Show full text]
  • LCSH Section K
    K., Rupert (Fictitious character) K-TEA (Achievement test) Kʻa-la-kʻun-lun kung lu (China and Pakistan) USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) USE Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement USE Karakoram Highway (China and Pakistan) K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) K-theory Ka Lae o Kilauea (Hawaii) USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) [QA612.33] USE Kilauea Point (Hawaii) K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) BT Algebraic topology Ka Lang (Vietnamese people) UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) Homology theory USE Giẻ Triêng (Vietnamese people) K9 (Fictitious character) NT Whitehead groups Ka nanʻʺ (Burmese people) (May Subd Geog) K 37 (Military aircraft) K. Tzetnik Award in Holocaust Literature [DS528.2.K2] USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) UF Ka-Tzetnik Award UF Ka tūʺ (Burmese people) K 98 k (Rifle) Peras Ḳ. Tseṭniḳ BT Ethnology—Burma USE Mauser K98k rifle Peras Ḳatseṭniḳ ʾKa nao dialect (May Subd Geog) K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 BT Literary prizes—Israel BT China—Languages USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 K2 (Pakistan : Mountain) Hmong language K.A. Lind Honorary Award UF Dapsang (Pakistan) Ka nō (Burmese people) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris Godwin Austen, Mount (Pakistan) USE Tha noʹ (Burmese people) K.A. Linds hederspris Gogir Feng (Pakistan) Ka Rang (Southeast Asian people) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris Mount Godwin Austen (Pakistan) USE Sedang (Southeast Asian people) K-ABC (Intelligence test) BT Mountains—Pakistan Kā Roimata o Hine Hukatere (N.Z.) USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Karakoram Range USE Franz Josef Glacier/Kā Roimata o Hine K-B Bridge (Palau) K2 (Drug) Hukatere (N.Z.) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) USE Synthetic marijuana Ka-taw K-BIT (Intelligence test) K3 (Pakistan and China : Mountain) USE Takraw USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test USE Broad Peak (Pakistan and China) Ka Tawng Luang (Southeast Asian people) K.
    [Show full text]
  • Barbara Trudell & Johnstone Ndunde
    Language and Culture Archives Making Space for Local Knowledge: Community-based Literature and Internationalized Education Barbara Trudell & Johnstone Ndunde © 2015, Barbara Trudell & Johnstone Ndunde This document is part of the SIL International Language and Culture Archives. It is shared ‘as is’ with the consent of the authors in order to make the content available under a Creative Commons License: Attribution-NonCommercial ShareAlike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/4.0/ More resources are available at www.sil.org/resources/languages-culture-archives Making Space for Local Knowledge: Community-based Literature and Internationalized Education Barbara Trudell Johnstone Ndunde SIL Africa PO Box 44456 Nairobi 00100, Kenya Making Space for Local Knowledge: Community-based Literature and Internationalized Education Barbara Trudell, SIL Africa (Email: [email protected] ) Johnstone Ndunde, SIL Africa (Email: [email protected] ) Summary The role of local languages in the formal education curriculum in Africa has historically been mea- ger. Centrally determined language-in-education policies typically rely on perceptions of political and economic progress, rather than on the realities of learning and cognition. Linking national unity to linguistic uniformity militates against the development and use of minority languages, to the detriment of the speakers of those languages. The influence of internationalized education further diminishes the space for local knowledge and languages in the curriculum. Where the goals of education are based on internationalized features of development and progress, the unique relevance of local knowledge to local communities is easily ignored. However, research shows that, when local language and knowledge are given a place in the formal education system, the results include enhanced learning outcomes and greater involvement by the community.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Grammar of the South African Bantu Language, Comprising Those of Zanzibar, Mozambique, the Zambesi, Kafirland
    A COMPARATIYE GRAMMAR OF THE SOUIH-AfRICAN BANIU LANGUAGES f^SlOBi-o.-Klway BOUGHT WITH THE INCO FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT THE GIFT OF m^nv^ M. Sage r89i f 1924 077 077 612 -3j 3^. no paDE^d ajtsJ iHQ\f nosjad ana hbih ajoin :o /907 ;Cq papaan sapog pa^tiEM jfx'aanasqB s,j3 -iiojjoq Snunp njn;aj nam joj apem s^nam -a3uBJiB JO 'X!jBaq;i aqi 0} paujtuaj aq Pinoqs . - spouad ssaaaj Saunp/U t\ I' jT^HjiHr*''* ^on sifoog papaan ^ •sjaqio jCq papaan ^on, sj 3iooq B H3IIM. 'saSaj .-TAud iBMauaj q^M*. 's>[aaM. oM% zo} samn -^6a 3Ag paMojiB aJB BJaMojjoq pajirajl •a^Bin aq ' • pin6qs ^sanbaj lEiaads , B s3[aaM OAv; pno/Caq papaan naqM '. a^qtssod _ SB igoos SB panan^aj aq pjnoqs japBJBqo x^-ia -naS B JO siBOipouad; ' -sja^oj -joq lie o| S5[aa4i jnoj 01 paiimii ajB qajBas .31 JO nofionjisni joj asn nt ^on sqooq nv 'U3>|e^sGAiaiun|0A sm:^ u9i(Afi sm.oi|s ovep am. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924077077612 A COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR OF THE SOUTH-AFRICAN BANTU LANGUAGES. ST-AUSTIN'S PRESS, DESCLfiE, DE BROUWER AND CO., BRUGKS. SOUTH-AFRICA REFERENCE MAP TO ACCOMPANY THE Comparative Grammar OF THE South -African Bantu Languages BT J.TORREND, S.J. N. B. The names -printed in red are those of the languages more particularly dealt with in this work .Non-Bantu Lan§ua§es; Wi Bantu intermixed with non- Bantu Lan^ua^es., aoi,ie[» S* -^u^ti.'ti A comparative" GRAMMAR OF THE SOUTH-AFRICAN BANTU LANGUAGES COMPRISING THOSE OF ZANZIBAR, MOZAMBIQUE, THE ZAMBEZI, KAFIRLAND, BENGUELA, ANGOLA, THE CONGO, THE OGOWE, THE CAMEROONS, THE LAKE REGION, ETC.
    [Show full text]
  • LINCOM Studies in African Linguistics 80
    AFRICAN LANGUAGES Kabba Short Stories ROSMARIE MOSER LINCOM Studies This collection of descriptive Kabba Short Stories in four languages (Kabba, French, English and in African Linguistics German) is of great cultural, historical and linguistic value and interest for people of all ages, places and backgrounds. Some stories deal with ancient and pre-colonial practices, worldviews Civili, langue des Baloango and belief systems, such as initiation ceremonies, sorcery, polygamy, birth processes, marriage ceremonies, and death rituals. Others describe life Esquisse Historique et Linguistique in the villages, and such things as the cultivation of millet and sesame, the construction of houses, PAUL ACHILLE MAVOUNGOU & HUGUES STEVE NDINGA-KOUMBA-BINZA the killing of a goat, the preparation of a special Université Omar Bongo (UOB) de Libreville; North-West University (Potchefstroom), sauce, and the collection of honey. As the Kabba are traditional hunters and Afrique du Sud fishermen as well as agriculturalists, some of the stories naturally deal with hunting and fishing. A leur arrivée sur les côtes d’Afrique centrale au XVe siècle, les Portugais découvrent un Others deal with the conflicts and changes Etat structuré d’une certaine modernité : le royaume de Loango. Malgré l’ossature involved with the arrival of the 'white man', such as the introduction of hospitals, schools, literacy, ethnolinguistique hétéroclite de sa population, le royaume est doté de plusieurs institutions cultivation of cotton, digging for diamonds, and stables dont une devise et une langue officielle. Cette dernière est le civili, langue bantu du playing football. Some stories are very personal groupe H10. Motivé par plusieurs centres d’intérêt historiques, sociolinguistiques et and deal with emotional issues, experiences and linguistiques, cet ouvrage est un condensé de connaissances sur la langue de ce royaume interpersonal relationships.
    [Show full text]