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NEWSLETTER Rating C150, 00/158, OU=Dg4;S=Info4 1025-2266 Wetstraat 200, Rue De La Loi Internet: Info4@Dg4.Cec.Be Brussel B-1049 Bruxelles World Wide Web Tel EC COMPETITION Editor: Address: Electronic Mail: ISSN: POLICY Stefan European Commission, X400: C=be;A=rtt;P=cec; NEWSLETTER Rating C150, 00/158, OU=dg4;S=info4 1025-2266 Wetstraat 200, rue de la Loi Internet: [email protected] Brussel B-1049 Bruxelles World Wide Web tel. +322 2957620 http://europa.eu.int/en/ fax. +322 2955437 comm/dg04/dg4home.htm c o m p e t i t i o n p o l i c y number 1 volume 3 spring 1997 NEWSLETTER Published quarterly by the Competition Directorate-General of the European Commission Contents Editorial 1 Editorial, by Alexander SCHAUB by Alexander SCHAUB, Director-General for Competition Articles 2 La política de competencia en América Latina: una nueva área de interés para la Unión Europea, por Juan Antonio RIVIÈRE MARTÍ You are holding in your hands (or energy. I should like to express my Opinions and Comments visualising on your screen) the tenth issue gratitude and wish him well in his future 6 L'accès au dossier dans les procédures of the EC Competition Policy Newsletter. career. de concurrence, par Kris DEKEYSER This would in any event warrant a look 8 Clauses suspectes dans un accord de back on three years during which DG IV The second change concerns DG IV’s règlement à l'amiable, par Philippe has taken a new approach to information Information Officer, Panagiotis Alevantis. CHEVALIER 8 Die Kommission schlägt eine neue and transparency. And a successful one for Since his arrival, Panagiotis has not only Bagatellbekanntmachung vor, von that: 30,000 old-fashioned “hard” copies of been instrumental in implementing a Stefan RATING each Newsletter issue are printed and wholly new information policy, but also a rapidly exhausted. Moreover, all published driving force behind many a successful Anti-Trust Rules issues are permanently available on the initiative in this field. He has anticipated 11 Most important recent developments World Wide Web (http://europa.eu.int/en/ at an early stage developments such as the 15 Press releases comm/dg04/newsle/index). Comments from success of the Internet, which we regard 15 Court Judgments all over the world confirm that the as normal today and which makes the EC Mergers Newsletter is regarded as a valuable source Competition Policy Newsletter accessible 16 Summary of the most important recent of information. to large numbers of interested readers developments, by Kristin SCHREIBER whom we could not otherwise reach. This and Heiner BRUHN However, this issue also marks two changes being the last issue he will co-ordinate 21 Press releases to the team that has ensured the success of before his imminent departure, I shall take 22 Court Judgments our publication, neither of which should go the opportunity to acknowledge Liberalisation & State intervention unnoticed. Panagiotis’ contribution to steering DG IV 23 Most important recent developments onto the information highway. 24 Press releases 24 Judgments The first change is the departure of the As from this issue, the new editor of the Newsletter’s initiator and first editor, Competition Policy Newsletter is Stefan State Aid 25 Summary of the most important recent Christopher Wingfield Jones. After eleven Rating who will endeavour to maintain the developments, co-ordinated by Torben years working in the EC competition policy high standard of the publication and TOFT field and notably in DG IV, of which three continue the further development of the 30 Press Releases have been as the Assistant to the Director- project. Starting in May 1997, Terence 31 Court Judgments General for Competition, Christopher has Whaley will be the new Information found a new challenge in an area where Officer, notably responsible for DG IV’s INFORMATION SECTION competition is developing quickly external information services. Issues throughout the European Union, namely relating to our presence on the World 32 DG IV Staff List energy markets. It goes without saying that Wide Web will be the domain of our 34 Documentation each issue of the EC Competition Policy webmaster Gérald Messiaen. All three 44 Coming up ... Newsletter is always the product of a joint remain open to any suggestion or 44 DG IV on the World Wide Web effort within DG IV - however, the comment regarding DG IV’s information Newsletter’s success owes much to tools, and in particular the EC 45 CASES COVERED IN THIS ISSUE Christopher’s commitment... and indeed Competition Policy Newsletter. ARTICLES La política de competencia en La tradición legislativa antimonopolista es antigua en el Brasil, donde se remonta al América Latina: una nueva área de siglo pasado, y bastante larga en otros de * los países de la región: en la Argentina se interés para la Unión Europea remonta a 1919, en México a 1934, en Colombia a 1959 y en Chile a 1973. El por Juan Antonio RIVIÈRE MARTÍ, Consejero, DG IV-A ordenamiento jurídico de los países latinoamericanos ha estado en gran parte inspirado, desde el logro de su independencia, en el modelo jurídico latino europeo. En cuanto a las reglas de LA GRAN DÉCADA ECONÓMICA de las legislaciones de competencia competencia, la prohibición de las existentes en la región, realizándose prácticas concertadas o acuerdos modificaciones y mejorándose los medios restrictivos entre competidores, el abuso América del Sur y Centroamérica son de para su aplicación. Este proceso ha de posición dominante y el control de las una gran actualidad desde el punto de recibido sustento a nivel internacional. operaciones de concentración se vista de la política de competencia. Por un lado, mediante iniciativas propias encuentran reglamentados, en gran Desde principios de los años noventa se de la región, como la creación del medida, por las legislaciones asiste en esa parte del mundo a un Mercosur, el relanzamiento de la latinoamericanas. Si bien se puede decir afianzamiento de los regímenes Comunidad Andina, el Sistema de que ha existido en parte inspiración de las democráticos y a unas políticas Integración Centroamericano, el Sistema reglas de competencia de las Comunidades económicas que incluyen la apertura de Económico Latinoamericano y del Europeas en la redacción de las los mercados al comercio internacional. Caribe, el Área de Librecomercio de las reglamentaciones, también es verdad que, La conjunción de estos factores ha Américas, la Organización de los Estados hoy en día, dichos conceptos jurídicos llevado aparejado un crecimiento Americanos y el definir Nafta. Por otro tienen un reconocimiento universal como económico notable en esta área de más lado, entre las instituciones que han guardianes de la organización de la de 460 millones de habitantes. apoyado esta evolución mediante economía de mercado. iniciativas diversas de asesoramiento y Las políticas económicas desarrolladas, conferencias figuran el Banco Mundial, la en diversos grados según el país, han Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas para UN CONCEPTO AMPLIO DE sido políticas de ajuste económico, el Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD), la COMPETENCIA saneamiento financiero, estricto control Organización Mundial del Comercio de sus divisas, desarme arancelario, (OMC) y la Organización Europea de favorecimiento de las inversiones Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico Aunque las características económicas extranjeras, privatizaciones de las (OECD). propias difieren de un país a otro, las empresas públicas y desarrollo de la políticas de ajuste económico integración económica regional. Después desarrolladas han requerido medidas de de unas décadas de intervencionismo TRADICIÓN Y MODERNIDAD EN organización en muchas áreas próximas a estatal en la economía con los defectos LAS REGLAS DE COMPETENCIA la legislación en materia de competencia. del dirigismo y de las estructuras Entre éstas destacan los derechos de los monopolísticas, se ha descubierto de En el cuadro de la página siguiente, se consumidores, normalizaciones técnicas, nuevo el dinamismo de la economía de recoge la lista de las legislaciones de reglas sobre inversiones, Derecho libre mercado y se ha perseguido la competencia vigentes. En la actualidad Mercantil con especial mención del competitividad de las empresas. Persisten tienen reglamentación de competencia los registro de patentes y marcas, defensa grandes retos de creación de empleo y de países siguientes: Argentina, Brasil, comercial, privatizaciones y sectores de reducción de la pobreza, que también Chile, Perú, Colombia, Venezuela, servicios regulados. Las reglas de deben ser tenidos en cuenta. México, Costa Rica, Panamá y Jamaica. competencia se integran en este conjunto Además existen normas regionales de de mejoras de la organización económica. competencia para el Mercosur y el Pacto Hay quienes consideran aquéllas APOYO INTERNACIONAL Andino. Los países que actualmente esenciales; en el fondo, sin embargo, mal tienen en proyecto su legislación son podrían aplicarse si la organización de la Esta evolución económica y política ha Bolivia, El Salvador, Guatemala, economía no ofreciese un mínimo de favorecido la creación y la puesta al día Nicaragua, y la República Dominicana. garantías de funcionamiento estable. 2 Competition Policy Newsletter Volume 3 · Number 1 · Spring 1997 ARTICLES AUTORIDADES DE COMPETENCIA MODERNAS PAÍS/GRUPO LISTA DE LEGISLACIONES DE COMPETENCIA ARGENTINA Ley N/ 22.262 de Defensa de la Competencia, de 01.08.1980. BRASIL Lei N/ 8884, de 11.06.1994, alterada pela Lei N/ 9069 de Todas las legislaciones mencionadas 29.06.1995, instauran un ente, cuya denominación Prevenção e repressão as infrações contra ordem econômica varía (Autoridad, Comisión, Consejo, Lei N/ 9021, de 30.03.95, Autarquia do CADE Fiscalía o Superintendencia), al que Resolução n/ 5, de 28.8.96 do CADE. Disciplina as formalidades otorgan la responsabilidad de aplicar las e os procedimentos, no CADE, relativos aos atos de que trata o disposiciones de competencia. La art. 54 da Lei N/ 8884. legislación de algunos países ha separado Resolução n/ 6, de 2.10.96 do CADE la instrucción del expediente de la COLOMBIA Ley 155 de 24.12.1959, prácticas comerciales restrictivas. decisión final, que compete a un tribunal Decreto n/ 1302 de 01.06.1964, creado al efecto.
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