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The Life-Cycle of the Barcelona Automobile-Industry Cluster, 1889-20151
The Life-Cycle of the Barcelona Automobile-Industry Cluster, 1889-20151 • JORDI CATALAN Universitat de Barcelona The life cycle of a cluster: some hypotheses Authors such as G. M. P. Swann and E. Bergman have defended the hy- pothesis that clusters have a life cycle.2 During their early history, clusters ben- efit from positive feedback such as strong local suppliers and customers, a pool of specialized labor, shared infrastructures and information externali- ties. However, as clusters mature, they face growing competition in input mar- kets such as real estate and labor, congestion in the use of infrastructures, and some sclerosis in innovation. These advantages and disadvantages combine to create the long-term cycle. In the automobile industry, this interpretation can explain the rise and decline of clusters such as Detroit in the United States or the West Midlands in Britain.3 The objective of this paper is to analyze the life cycle of the Barcelona au- tomobile- industry cluster from its origins at the end of the nineteenth centu- ry to today. The Barcelona district remained at the top of the Iberian auto- mobile clusters for a century. In 2000, when Spain had reached sixth position 1. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International Conference of Au- tomotive History (Philadelphia 2012), the 16th World Economic History Congress (Stellen- bosch 2012), and the 3rd Economic History Congress of Latin America (Bariloche 2012). I would like to thank the participants in the former meetings for their comments and sugges- tions. This research benefitted from the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Econo- my (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the projects HAR2012-33298 (Cycles and industrial development in the economic history of Spain) and HAR2015-64769-P (Industrial crisis and productive recovery in the Spanish history). -
English BAE Systems and Nally, It Develops Arms Systems for War- the Second World Military Aerospace Ships Through the FABA Programme, Company After Boeing
THE MILITARY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX A PARASITE ON SPANISH ECONOMY REPORT no. 12 REPORT no. 12 THE MILITARY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX A parasite on Spanish economy Pere Ortega Camino Simarro Centre d’Estudis per la Pau J.M. Delàs · Justícia i Pau Barcelona, April 2012 Centre d’Estudis per la Pau JM Delàs Justícia i Pau · Rivadeneyra 6, 10è 08002 Barcelona T. 93 317 61 77 F. 93 412 53 84 www.centredelas.org [email protected] [email protected] Barcelona, April 2012 Graphic design: Fundació Tam-Tam D.L.: B-19745-2010 ISSN: 2013-8032 REPORT no. 12 The military industrial complex. A parasite on Spanish economy 4 THE MILITARY REPORT INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX A PARASITE ON SPANISH ECONOMY no. 12 Index EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION......................7 The military-industrial complex in Spain is based on an oligopoly made up of four big companies that provide all the weapons that the Ministry of Defence 2. MILITARY PRODUCTION IN SPAIN . .8 uses for its armies. EADS-Casa manufactures aeronautics for the air force; Na- vantia produces warships for the navy; Santa Bárbara/General Dynamics sells 3. A SHORT HISTORY OF THE MILITARY heavy and small arms to the army and, last but not least, Indra provides all the INDUSTRY IN SPAIN . 9 aforementioned armed forces and their weapons with most of the electronics and new technologies. 4. SOME SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE SECTOR . .11 These four companies make up between 75 and 80% of the total turnover of military production which amounted to approximately E 6.6 billion in 2009. 5. DEFENCE INDUSTRIAL That represented 1.24% of the national industrial production and 1.1% of the SUBSECTORS . -
La Primera Crisis De SEAT: El Veto a General Motors Y La Compra De AUTHI a British Leyland (1972-1976)
IHE 9 (filmar) 18/11/07 19:09 Página 141 2007, otoño, número 9. Pp. 141 a 172 La primera crisis de SEAT: el veto a General Motors y la compra de AUTHI a British Leyland (1972-1976) The first crisis of SEAT: the veto to General Motors and the purchase of AUTHI to British Leyland (1972-1976) JORDI CATALAN VIDAL Universitat de Barcelona RESUMEN ABSTRACT En 1972 SEAT era la primera empresa In 1972 SEAT was the first Spanish industrial industrial hispana y lideraba la exportación firm and led the export of automobiles, de automóviles, gracias a una política thanks to a nationalist policy. However, the favorable a la nacionalización productiva. industrial policy of late Francoism Pero la política industrial del franquismo experienced a dramatic change with the tardío dio un giro copernicano con la approval of Ford’s decrees. Such a change aprobación de los decretos Ford. Dicho vuelco included the invitation to General Motors to incluyó, en 1973, la invitación a General Motors rescue the Spanish subsidiary of British a salvar la filial de British Leyland Motor Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC), AUTHI, in Corporation (BLMC), AUTHI. Más que una 1973. The purchase of its plant in Landaben imposición gubernamental, la compra de by SEAT in 1975 has to be considered more Landaben por SEAT en 1975 constituyó la the consequence of a pact preventing the contrapartida del veto a la entrada de General entrance of General Motors than the outcome Motors. La resultante ampliación de plantilla of direct pressure by government. The era poco recomendable para una compañía increase in the size of employment resulted to que experimentaba un notable crecimiento de be a very risky decision for a company which costes laborales desde 1969 y una peligrosa was experiencing a significant push on labour caída de la demanda desde 1974. -
Shirra Flashes Signs at TV
-v--,- ,? «, irtam the £f£scc»e#ecf nrocc . &5 A-QK' on Smoothest Space Fli ght ; News Roundup: From the State, Shirra Flashes Signs at TV ' SPACE CENTER , HOUSTON into the camera and laughing at Florida peninsula as it whipped asked mission control to "consider which causes residential lights to (AP) — Apollo7 Commander Wal- comments from the ground. None over it in 60 seconds. eliminating the chlorination of our Nation & World ter M. Schirra Jr., dim when heavy load appliances, wearing his of the three waved at the camera. Television transmission continued water today." such as air conditioners, are turned familiar lop-sided grin, greeted "You forgot to shave this morn- until the spacecraft passed over the Philadelphia Water on suddenly. The problem did not America from space with a joke ing, Eisele," Mission control said at horizon from Florida. Mission con- The astronauts periodically inject recur after the switch was reset. yesterday by televising a sign read- one point. trol said the final transmission chlorine into their water supply to The World ing Schirra and his crew seemed in a "Hello from the lovely Apollo came from about 800 to 900 miles assure its purity, but Schirra said it good mood entering the fourth day room , high atop everything." Lost His Razor Czech Workers Protest Soviet Pressure "I lost my razor," the Air Force from the Florida coast. took a period of time "before the of their 11-day, 41,2-million-mile Schirra. who refused to turn on Just over four hours after ' ' major replied. Astronauts cannot the water started tasting palatable flight. -
Pdf (Boe-A-1978-29328
PAGINA PAGINA MINISTERIO DE SANIDAD -Y SEGURIDAD SOCIAL Ayuntamiento de Gavá (Barcelona). Concurso para contratar los trabajos para la revisión del Régimen Delegación Provincial del Instituto Nacional de Previ catastral. 27118 sión en Guipúzcoa. Concurso de obras. 27116 Ayuntamiento de La Adrada (Avila). Subasta de ma deras. 27119 ADMINISTRACION LOCAL Ayuntamiento de Naquera (Valencia). Concurso-subasta Diputación Provincial de Ciudad Real. Concurso para de obras. 27119 adquisición e instalación de una central telefónica. 27116 Ayuntamiento de Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz). Con Diputación Foral de Alava. Concursos de obras. 27117 curso para contratar la explotación de unas canteras. 27119 Ayuntamiento dp Alacuás (Valencia). Subasta para Ayuntamiento de Puzol (Valencia). Concurso para. la contratar la recaudación de exacciones municipales. 27118 prestación del servicio de recogida de basuras. 27120 Ayuntamiento de Conil de la Frontera (Cádiz). Subasta Ayuntamiento, de Reus (Tarragona). Concursos de para enajenación de aprovechamiento de pinas de un obras, 27120 monte. 27718 Ayuntamiento de San Esteban del Valle (Avila) Subas Ayuntamiento de Chiclana de la Frontera (Cádiz). Con ta de obras. 27121 curso para la concesión del servicio de limpieza en Ayuntamiento de 'Segovia. Concurso para el suministro diversas instalaciones. 27118 de lámparas y material eléctrico. 27121 Otros anuncios (Páginas 27122 a 27134) I. Disposiciones generales Tercero.—Esta Orden entrará en vigor el día de su publica PRESIDENCIA DEL GOBIERNO ción en el «Boletín Oficial del Estado». Lo que comunico a VV. EE. Dios guarde a W. EE. 29327 ORDEN de 28 de noviembre de 1978 por la que se Madrid, 28 de noviembre de 1978. establecen los precios del azúcar producida en la OTERO NOVAS campaña 1978/79. -
The Automotive Industry in Hungary 217 Andras Tóth and László Neumann 1
uaderni della QFondazione G. Brodolini 45 I Quaderni della Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini presentano i risultati dell’attività di ricerca svolta dalla Fondazione nelle aree che, nel tempo, hanno costituito gli assi fon- damentali delle sue iniziative culturali, occupazione, sviluppo locale, valutazione delle politiche pubbliche, politiche sociali, pari opportunità, storia. Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini 00161 Roma - Via di Villa Massimo 21, int. 3 tel. 0644249625 fax 0644249565 [email protected] www.fondazionebrodolini.it ISBN 978-88-95380-05-6 THE LABOUR IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY A comparison of the Italian, German, Spanish, and Hungarian Motor Industries edited by Paolo Caputo and Elisabetta Della Corte FondazioneGiacomoBrodolini Index Contributors 9 Introduction 11 Paolo Caputo and Elisabetta Della Corte Labour on the Defensive? The Global Reorganisation of the Value Chain and Industrial Relations in the European Motor Industry 17 Josep Banyuls and Thomas Haipeter 1. Introduction 17 2. Global reorganisation in the motor industry 19 2.1 From internationalisation to globalisation 20 2.2 Internal reorganisation in OEMs 24 2.3 Reorganisation of the value chain 28 3. Confronting the pressures of globalisation: industrial relations systems in flux? 35 3.1 New collective bargaining topics 35 3.2 Collective bargaining in regime competition: between centralisation and decentralisation 39 3.3 Changing actors and strategies 42 3.4 Collective bargaining along the value chain: towards a fragmentation of industrial relations? 46 3.5 Internationalisation of industrial relations 49 4. Conclusion: convergences, divergences and the defensive of work 51 References 56 5 The Automotive Industry in Germany 61 Thomas Haipeter 1. Introduction: Developments of the automotive industry and challenges for the systems of industrial relations 61 2. -
Motor Vehicle Make Abbreviation List Updated As of June 21, 2012 MAKE Manufacturer AC a C AMF a M F ABAR Abarth COBR AC Cobra SKMD Academy Mobile Homes (Mfd
Motor Vehicle Make Abbreviation List Updated as of June 21, 2012 MAKE Manufacturer AC A C AMF A M F ABAR Abarth COBR AC Cobra SKMD Academy Mobile Homes (Mfd. by Skyline Motorized Div.) ACAD Acadian ACUR Acura ADET Adette AMIN ADVANCE MIXER ADVS ADVANCED VEHICLE SYSTEMS ADVE ADVENTURE WHEELS MOTOR HOME AERA Aerocar AETA Aeta DAFD AF ARIE Airel AIRO AIR-O MOTOR HOME AIRS AIRSTREAM, INC AJS AJS AJW AJW ALAS ALASKAN CAMPER ALEX Alexander-Reynolds Corp. ALFL ALFA LEISURE, INC ALFA Alfa Romero ALSE ALL SEASONS MOTOR HOME ALLS All State ALLA Allard ALLE ALLEGRO MOTOR HOME ALCI Allen Coachworks, Inc. ALNZ ALLIANZ SWEEPERS ALED Allied ALLL Allied Leisure, Inc. ALTK ALLIED TANK ALLF Allison's Fiberglass mfg., Inc. ALMA Alma ALOH ALOHA-TRAILER CO ALOU Alouette ALPH Alpha ALPI Alpine ALSP Alsport/ Steen ALTA Alta ALVI Alvis AMGN AM GENERAL CORP AMGN AM General Corp. AMBA Ambassador AMEN Amen AMCC AMERICAN CLIPPER CORP AMCR AMERICAN CRUISER MOTOR HOME Motor Vehicle Make Abbreviation List Updated as of June 21, 2012 AEAG American Eagle AMEL AMERICAN ECONOMOBILE HILIF AMEV AMERICAN ELECTRIC VEHICLE LAFR AMERICAN LA FRANCE AMI American Microcar, Inc. AMER American Motors AMER AMERICAN MOTORS GENERAL BUS AMER AMERICAN MOTORS JEEP AMPT AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION AMRR AMERITRANS BY TMC GROUP, INC AMME Ammex AMPH Amphicar AMPT Amphicat AMTC AMTRAN CORP FANF ANC MOTOR HOME TRUCK ANGL Angel API API APOL APOLLO HOMES APRI APRILIA NEWM AR CORP. ARCA Arctic Cat ARGO Argonaut State Limousine ARGS ARGOSY TRAVEL TRAILER AGYL Argyle ARIT Arista ARIS ARISTOCRAT MOTOR HOME ARMR ARMOR MOBILE SYSTEMS, INC ARMS Armstrong Siddeley ARNO Arnolt-Bristol ARRO ARROW ARTI Artie ASA ASA ARSC Ascort ASHL Ashley ASPS Aspes ASVE Assembled Vehicle ASTO Aston Martin ASUN Asuna CAT CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO ATK ATK America, Inc. -
TITLE Training in the Motor Vehicle Repair and Sales Sector in Spain
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 379 483 CE 068 307 TITLE Training in the Motor Vehicle Repair and Sales Sector in Spain. Report for the FORCE Programme. First Edition. INSTITUTION European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Bellin (Germany). REPORT NO ISBN-92-826-8138-6 PUB DATE 94 NOTE 84p.; For reports on other countries, see CE 068 304-308. Cover title varies. AVAILABLE FROMUNIPUB, 4661-F Assembly Drive, Lanham, MD 20706-4391 (Catalogue No. HX-83-94-199-EN-C: 8 European Currency Units). PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Auto Body Repairers; *Auto Mechanics; Case Studies; Corporate Education; Educational Improvement; Educational Needs; Educational Trends; *Education Work Relationship; Employment Patterns; Employment Projections; Employment Qualifications; Foreign Countries; *Job Training; Labor Market; Personnel Management; Postsecondary Education; Private Sector; Recruitment; *Sales Workers; Secondary Education; Tables (Data); *Trade and Industrial Education; *Training Methods; Training Objectildas; Trend Analysis IDENTIFIERS *Spain ABSTRACT A- international team of researchers studied the following aspects of training in Spain's motor vehicle repair and sales sector: structure and characteristics; institutional and social context; relationship to Spain's overall labor market; changing structural, economic, and organizational conditions; and training and recruitment and relationship to Spain's education system. Social and labor/employment statistics were analyzed, and case studies of three auto dealerships and one authorized vehicle repair center were conducted. The firms varied in size; however, all were linked to large manufacturers. Consequently, all four firms had manufacturer- designed systems of continuing training to keep employees current with innovations in new vehicle models. -
CO2 Emissions Performance of Car Manufacturers in 2011
CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers in 2011 Executive summary Executive summary The European Environment Agency (EEA) is For evaluating the progress of manufacturers supporting the European Commission in the towards their targets, the EEA is collecting and monitoring of the CO2 performance of passenger cars, quality checking data on CO2 emissions from in accordance with the Regulation (EC) 443/2009. This passenger cars registered in all Member States of Regulation sets an emission target for new passenger the European Union since 2010. Using the Member cars for the year 2015 (130 g CO2/km) — phased in State data, this note provides an overview of the from 2012 — and for the year 2020 (95 g CO2/km). performance of cars manufacturers in meeting their Starting from 2012, a specific binding CO2 target is CO2 emissions targets. calculated for each manufacturer every year based on the average mass of its fleet (Annex 1). In July 2012, Data collected reveal that in 2011 the majority of the Commission proposed to amend the regulation the car manufacturers are already well on track to with a view to defining the modalities for reaching achieve the CO2 emission target set for 2012. the 2020 target to reduce CO2 emissions from new passenger cars. CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers in 2011 3 Calculating the CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers 1 Calculating the CO2 emissions performance of car manufacturers 1.1 CO average specific emissions To reduce CO2 emissions in the road transport 2 sector, the European Parliament and the Council adopted Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 introducing Average specific emissions of CO2 are calculated as a mandatory CO2 emission performance standards for weighted average of the manufacturer's fleet. -
Folleto De La Colección Museográfica Del Automóvil
1 Este trabajo no hubiese sido posible sin la ayuda de los diferentes responsables del Museo desde su creación, muy especialmente del Brigada D. Luis Evaristo Delgado Díaz, actual encargado del mismo, siempre dispuesto a prestar su colaboración para la confección de este trabajo. AUTOR: ANTONIO MATEA MARTÍNEZ (BRIGADA DE TRANSMISIONES) PORTADA: ANDRÉS SÁNCHEZ DELGADO (PERSONAL LABORAL) 2 MUSEO DEL AUTOMÓVIL PCMVR Nº 1 (TORREJÓN DE ARDOZ) 3 ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN………………………………………………….. Página 5 HISTORIA DEL MUSEO………………………………………….. Página 6 ESTRUCTURA, INSTALACIONES Y VISITA………………….. Página 15 CONCLUSIÓN……………………………………………………… Página 54 BIBLIOGRAFÍA Y PÁGINAS WEBS CONSULTADAS………… Página 55 4 INTRODUCCIÓN Por Orden DEF/2532/2015, de 18 de noviembre, del Ministerio de Defensa, se crea la Red de Museos de Defensa. El artículo 1 de esta orden ministerial dispone que su objeto principal, aparte de crear esta Red de Museos, es definir los procedimientos a seguir en la gestión de los bienes muebles del Patrimonio Histórico Español adscritos al Ministerio de Defensa, con el fin último de asegurar su protección, difusión y enriquecimiento. En el Anexo I de esta Orden, el Museo del Automóvil del Parque y Centro de Mantenimiento de Vehículos Ruedas Nº 1 (PCMVR Nº 1), Acuartelamiento San Cristóbal de Torrejón de Ardoz, es calificado como colección museográfica del Ministerio de Defensa. La colección museográfica se define como un conjunto de bienes culturales, que sin reunir todos los requisitos necesarios para desarrollar las funciones propias de los museos, están organizados con criterio museológico, han establecido un régimen de visitas y disponen de medidas de conservación y seguridad. Pero nuestra intención en este trabajo es continuar con la denominación de Museo del Automóvil, que es como se ha conocido hasta ahora. -
Del Metal Al Motor: Innovación Y Atraso En La Historia De La Industria Metal-Mecánica Española Edita: © Fundación BBVA, 2007 Plaza De San Nicolás, 4
Del metal al motor 7/5/07 11:09 Página 1 Pere Pascual Domènech, doctor en Historia por Saber cómo se ha producido la mejora de la densidad tecnológica de una (Eds.) Pérez Fernández Paloma Domènech Pascual Pere El objetivo de este libro, en el que han la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, es economía en el largo plazo es un elemento crucial para una comprensión DEL METAL AL MOTOR participado catorce cualificados especialistas catedrático de Universidad en el Departamento rigurosa de sus rasgos actuales. Desde la historia económica, pero provistos en la materia, es ofrecer un panorama de los de Historia e Instituciones Económicas de la de la guía que suministra la ciencia económica a la hora de decidir qué es Innovación y atraso en la historia avances en la investigación sobre el desarrollo Universidad de Barcelona. Ha publicado lo relevante, las contribuciones de este volumen constituyen una aportación histórico de las industrias metal-mecánicas en cuarenta artículos y seis libros sobre la historia muy destacada para desentrañar la evolución de unas actividades funda- de la industria metal-mecánica España. económica de Cataluña y de España durante mentales para delimitar los logros y las limitaciones del desarrollo industrial En los primeros capítulos se abordan cuestiones los siglos XIX y XX. Sus monografías más de España. Demostrando en la práctica la compatibilidad de enfoques, los española como el desarrollo de la termodinámica, el recientes son Los caminos de la era industrial. autores suministran sólidas bases tanto para aumentar nuestros conoci- papel de los industriales siderúrgicos en la La construcción y financiación de la Red mientos sobre las primeras etapas de las industrias de bienes de capital gestación del giro proteccionista, o las Ferroviaria Catalana, 1843-1898 (1999); como para fomentar el debate acerca de las raíces históricas de la persis- conexiones entre política comercial, desarrollo Els Torelló. -
NEWSLETTER Rating C150, 00/158, OU=Dg4;S=Info4 1025-2266 Wetstraat 200, Rue De La Loi Internet: [email protected] Brussel B-1049 Bruxelles World Wide Web Tel
EC COMPETITION Editor: Address: Electronic Mail: ISSN: POLICY Stefan European Commission, X400: C=be;A=rtt;P=cec; NEWSLETTER Rating C150, 00/158, OU=dg4;S=info4 1025-2266 Wetstraat 200, rue de la Loi Internet: [email protected] Brussel B-1049 Bruxelles World Wide Web tel. +322 2957620 http://europa.eu.int/en/ fax. +322 2955437 comm/dg04/dg4home.htm c o m p e t i t i o n p o l i c y number 1 volume 3 spring 1997 NEWSLETTER Published quarterly by the Competition Directorate-General of the European Commission Contents Editorial 1 Editorial, by Alexander SCHAUB by Alexander SCHAUB, Director-General for Competition Articles 2 La política de competencia en América Latina: una nueva área de interés para la Unión Europea, por Juan Antonio RIVIÈRE MARTÍ You are holding in your hands (or energy. I should like to express my Opinions and Comments visualising on your screen) the tenth issue gratitude and wish him well in his future 6 L'accès au dossier dans les procédures of the EC Competition Policy Newsletter. career. de concurrence, par Kris DEKEYSER This would in any event warrant a look 8 Clauses suspectes dans un accord de back on three years during which DG IV The second change concerns DG IV’s règlement à l'amiable, par Philippe has taken a new approach to information Information Officer, Panagiotis Alevantis. CHEVALIER 8 Die Kommission schlägt eine neue and transparency. And a successful one for Since his arrival, Panagiotis has not only Bagatellbekanntmachung vor, von that: 30,000 old-fashioned “hard” copies of been instrumental in implementing a Stefan RATING each Newsletter issue are printed and wholly new information policy, but also a rapidly exhausted.