DOCSLIB.ORG

Development of English Text for the Engineers to Preserve the Environment of North-East Asia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development of English Text for the Engineers to Preserve the Environment of North-East Asia Development of English Text for the engineers to preserve the environment of North-East Asia Yuji Minami National Institute of Technology, Ube College 2-14-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, 755-8555, Japan Fukuchi Kenji, Shinya Tagawa National Institute of Technology, Ube College 2-14-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, 755-8555, Japan E-mail : [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] www.ube-k.ac.jp Abstract Our research began in 2007 as a part of the activities of ‘Good Practice’ for Education of Engineers in cooperation with the UMICNEA, that is, “Union of Machinery Industrial Cities in North-East Asia”. Through our study, we found it necessary to acquire the knowledge of ‘Fish Breeding Forest’ when developing and preserving the area of North-East Asia, where the river Amur plays an important role for sustaining the environment of this region. We made the research of the origin of the river Amur, named ‘the river Onon’, located in the area of ‘Strictly Protected Area’ in Mongolia by the agreement of Mongolia, Russia, and China in 2005. We plan to make it clear that future engineers should find a good way of cooperation through English as a communication tool for the purpose of playing an active part together. Keywords: North-East Asia, Strictly Protected Area, Amur Green Belt, Fish Breeding Forest 1. Introduction ‘ICAP : International Conference of Aqua-polices’ held every 4 years since 1990. The purpose of this thesis is to make it clear that the After taking those 3 projects into consideration, we younger generation of engineers who are expected to continued to send students to the foreign internship, to work especially in the area of North-East Asia should exchange students mutually, and planned to make a learn the basic concept of safe and sound but dynamic textbook in English for all those engineers who wish to circulation system of environment for the preservation play active part and to take an important role for of Amur River Basin. developing and preserving the environment of the area Before reaching the above-mentioned recognition of of North-East Asia . the importance of preserving the origin of the River Amur, chronologically speaking, we learned some basic 2. Projects Taken into Consideration ideas through three major projects in the North-East 2.1 Modern GP at NIT, UC from 2007 to 2009 Asia, such as ‘the modern GP at NIT, UC from 2007 to 2009’, ‘Amur-Okhotsk project from 2005 to 2009’, and We’ve learned to continue the mutual exchange © The 2017 International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics (ICAROB 2017), Jan. 19-22, Seagaia Convention Center, Miyazaki, Japan P - 545 Yuji Minami, Kenji Fukuchi, Shinya Tagawa program of foreign Internship after 3 years activities 28th of November, 2016. Aiming to continue our of “Education of engineers in cooperation with foreign internship by using UBE airport, opening of this UMICNEA; the ‘Union of Machinery Industrial Cities new line has long been expected among researchers. In North-East Asia’” adopted and supported for Referring to the Incheon international airport, it can contemporary education needs by the Ministry of deal with 40,000 passengers a day according to our Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology in research in 2012 at the meeting of ‘Project of the Japan(2007-2009). Internationalization of UBE airport’ committee. So the Students of NIT, UC (National Institute of Tech- new line mentioned above can surely support the nology, Ube College, Japan) began their foreign sustainability of the activities of NIT,UC foreign internship activities in 3 universities, such as DIT internship. (DongEui Institute of Technology, South Korea), HIT, WH (Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, China), 2.2 Amur-Okhotsk project from 2005 to 2009 and KnASTU (Komsomolsk-na-Amure State Technical University, Russia). We had one week acceptance In the process of continuous activities of foreign program and its PDCA worked well as follows. internship for 3 years, we happened to find that the big project concerning the river Amur among 3 countries, Table 1. PDCA Example of Acceptance Program Russia, China, and Japan had almost done by the end of GP activities mentioned above. Period 22-29/April/2013 20-29/April/2014 University KnASTU, Russia KnASTU, Russia This big project made efforts to prove the essential 1Arrival *(KHV-NRT-FUK) *(KHV-NRT-FUK) object, soluble iron, circulating in the Amur River 2Reception HAKATA→NIT,UC HAKATA→NIT,UC covering the Amur River basin in the North-East Asia 3Day1 President Interview President Interview including Russia, China, and Mongolia. Campus Tour Campus Tour This systematic circulation of soluble iron enables the Welcome Party Welcome Party sea of Okhotsk abundant enough to sustain the industry 4Day 2 Class Activities Class Activities of fisheries in Japan. In brief, as ‘Fish-Breeding Forest’ Visit Ube City Hall Visit Ube City Hall Tokiwa Park Tour Tokiwa Park Tour directly suggests, soluble iron can breed fish and this Student Academic object exists abundantly in the area of North-East Asia, Conference that is, the Amur River Basin. Researchers of this field 5Day 3 Factory Tour Student Academic especially call this area ‘Giant Fish-Breeding Forest’. UBE Industries Conference Moreover, we found out that there existed the agree- 6Day4 Culture Tour Factory Tour ment of protected area (PA) among 3 countries such as 1. Rurikoji Temple 1. UBE Industries 2. Hofu Tenmangu 2. UBEKAMA Russia, China, and Mongolia in 2005, which was called Shrine 3. YANAGIYA “Amur Green Belt” by WWF (World Wide Fund for Machinery Nature). “Amur Green Belt” is defined as the network of protected areas (PAs) in the Amur River Basin. 7Day5 NIT,UC→HAKATA Culture Tour Consequently, we recognized that along with the 1. Rurikoji Temple foreign internship activities as young engineers in the 2. Akiyoshido Cave 8Departure *(FUK-NRT-KHV) NIT,UC→HAKATA area of North-East Asia, environmental preservation Free must be taken into consideration. *(FUK-NRT-KHV) (* refers to the names of international airport, such as 2.3 ICAP: International Conference of Aqua-polices KHV;Khabarovsk, NRT;Narita, FUK;Fukuoka ) According to ‘Busan Declaration’ in 2008 at the end In comparison with the present situation of airport of the 5th International Conference of aquapolices convenience, Air Seoul, a South Korean low-cost carrier, (ICAP), all efforts are supposed to be made on the base launched the new line between Ube and Incheon from of ‘environment-first principle’. © The 2017 International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics (ICAROB 2017), Jan. 19-22, Seagaia Convention Center, Miyazaki, Japan P - 546 Development of English Text In the end of 2.1, Incheon air port is referred to have 3. Strictly Protected Area in Mongolia the capacity of dealing with 40,000 people a day. While this city can be called the biggest hub city of As is mentioned in the previous chapter 2, especially Korea at present, Korea needs the second biggest hub in North-East Asia, there exists ‘PA’, the Protected Area city to become the gateway to Asian Highway covered with the agreement of 3 countries, Russia, China, and countries including the area of North-East Asia. Mongolia. This area holds the Amur River Basin, and Along with the environment-first principle, Busan this basin is called ‘Giant Fish-Breeding Forest’ by ‘Amur Okhotsk Project’ researchers. municipality has shown its future vision in public. First Through our activities mentioned above, we recognize Master plan of U-City was established in 2005. Among the origin of the River Amur must be taken into many projects for developing the U-City, there exists consideration for the sustainable completion of U-Environment project. ecological cycle in the North-East Asia along with the Thanks to this U-Environment project, Nakdong- active young engineers playing an important role in this gang River and its riverside trees are monitored, area. managed and protected well enough to sustain its eco- For the sake of learning geographical view of this logical cycle. area in English, the following table is prepared. Table 2. The Amur River Basic Geographical Data with local city names City(Local) City(Global) lat long/lon/lng Никола́евск-на-Аму́ре nikol.ru 53° 8'32.60"N 140°43'53.30"E Комсомо́льск-на-Амуре kmscity.ru 50°34'1.33"N 137° 0'1.88"E Хабаровск khabarovskadm.ru 48°30'9.83"N 135° 3'58.54"E Благовещенск admblag.ru 50°16'21.99"N 127°32'25.45"E 黒竜江省 黒河市 heihe.gov.cn 50°14'42.46"N 127°31'41.86"E 黒竜江省大興安嶺地区漠河県北極村 Bĕijí 53°28'49.94"N 122°21'32.69"E Шилка Shilka 51°50'55.43"N 116° 1'58.17"E Чиндант Chindant 50°34'31.71"N 115°24'27.24"E Улача Ulacha 50°24'12.99"N 113°16'2.22"E Онон Onon 48°37'7.01"N 110°36'18.30"E Улаанбаатар ulaanbaatar.mn 47°55'11.44"N 106°55'11.81"E Table 3. The Amur River Basic Geographical Data with altitude report columns City(Global) lat long/lon/lng altitude nikol.ru 53° 8'32.60"N 140°43'53.30"E Report1 kmscity.ru 50°34'1.33"N 137° 0'1.88"E Report2 khabarovskadm.ru 48°30'9.83"N 135° 3'58.54"E Report3 admblag.ru 50°16'21.99"N 127°32'25.45"E Report4 heihe.gov.cn 50°14'42.46"N 127°31'41.86"E Report5 Bĕijí 53°28'49.94"N 122°21'32.69"E Report6 Shilka 51°50'55.43"N 116° 1'58.17"E Report7 Chindant 50°34'31.71"N 115°24'27.24"E Report8 Ulacha 50°24'12.99"N 113°16'2.22"E Report9 Onon 48°37'7.01"N 110°36'18.30"E Report10 ulaanbaatar.mn 47°55'11.44"N 106°55'11.81"E Report11 © The 2017 International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics (ICAROB 2017), Jan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DRAINAGE BASINS of the SEA of OKHOTSK and SEA of JAPAN Chapter 2
    60 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN Chapter 2 SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN 61 62 AMUR RIVER BASIN 66 LAKE XINGKAI/KHANKA 66 TUMEN RIVER BASIN Chapter 2 62 SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN This chapter deals with major transboundary rivers discharging into the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan and their major transboundary tributaries. It also includes lakes located within the basins of these seas. TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS IN THE BASINS OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK AND THE SEA OF JAPAN1 Basin/sub-basin(s) Total area (km2) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin Amur 1,855,000 Sea of Okhotsk CN, MN, RU … - Argun 164,000 Amur CN, RU … - Ussuri 193,000 Amur CN, RU Lake Khanka Sujfun 18,300 Sea of Japan CN, RU … Tumen 33,800 Sea of Japan CN, KP, RU … 1 The assessment of water bodies in italics was not included in the present publication. 1 AMUR RIVER BASIN o 55 110o 120o 130o 140o SEA OF Zeya OKHOTSK R U S S I A N Reservoir F E mur D un A E mg Z A e R Ulan Ude Chita y ilka a A a Sh r od T u Ing m n A u I Onon g ya r re A Bu O n e N N Khabarovsk Ulaanbaatar Qiqihar i MONGOLIA a r u u gh s n s o U CHIN A S Lake Khanka N Harbin 45o Sapporo A Suj fu Jilin n Changchun SEA O F P n e JA PA N m Vladivostok A Tu Kilometres Shenyang 0 200 400 600 The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map Ch’ongjin J do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Aeolian Material Migration in Transbaikalia (Asian Russia)
    Article Aeolian Material Migration in Transbaikalia (Asian Russia) Olga Bazhenova 1,2,*, Dmitrii Kobylkin 1 and Elizaveta Tyumentseva 3 1 V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia; [email protected] 2 Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia 3 Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-3952426920 Received: 25 November 2018; Accepted: 2 January 2019; Published: 14 January 2019 Abstract: We revealed regional features of functioning of a large Transbaikalian aeolian morphodynamic system. Natural pre-conditions, current realities and factors of development of aeolian processes are investigated. The paper considers regularities of spatial distribution of deflation, transit, and aeolian accumulation zones. Main directions of aeolian migration of matter are determined. Pulsating nature of aeolian processes development in Holocene has been established. Identified are intrasecular cycles and Holocene dynamics of aeolian processes. We identified intrasecular (11, 27–35 years old), secular (80 year old) and Holocene (500, 2000 year old) cycles of aeolian process dynamics. The paper shows the influence of anthropogenic activity on the activation of aeolian migration of material for the historical period. It presents an overview of extreme aeolian events. Regionalization of Transbaikalia was carried out according to the degree of probable desertification of the territory due to development of aeolian processes. Areas of catastrophic manifestation of processes are highlighted. The results of long-term experimental observations of deflation and aeolian accumulation are presented. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the aeolian corridors. The important role of aeolian processes in the intensive material transport from Transbaikalia to the south and southeast to neighboring regions of Mongolia and China is shown.
    [Show full text]
  • Kherlen River the Lifeline of the Eastern Steppe
    Towards Integrated River Basin Management of the Dauria Steppe Transboundary River Basins Kherlen River the Lifeline of the Eastern Steppe by Eugene Simonov, Rivers without Boundaries and Bart Wickel, Stockholm Environment Institute Satellite image of Kherlen River basin in June 2014. (NASA MODIS Imagery 25 August 2013) Please, send Your comments and suggestions for further research to Eugene Simonov [email protected]. 1 Barbers' shop on Kherlen River floodplain at Togos-Ovoo. Photo-by E.Simonov Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................... 8 PART I. PRESENT VALUES AND STATUS OF KHERLEN RIVER .................................................................................... 18 1 Management challenges of Mongolia’s scarce waters. .................................................................................. 18 2 The transboundary rivers of Dauria – "water wasted abroad"? ..................................................................... 21 3 Biodiversity in River basins of Dauria .............................................................................................................. 23 4 Ecosystem dynamics: Influence of climate cycles on habitats in Daurian Steppe .........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Amur Fish: Wealth and Crisis
    Amur Fish: Wealth and Crisis ББК 28.693.32 Н 74 Amur Fish: Wealth and Crisis ISBN 5-98137-006-8 Authors: German Novomodny, Petr Sharov, Sergei Zolotukhin Translators: Sibyl Diver, Petr Sharov Editors: Xanthippe Augerot, Dave Martin, Petr Sharov Maps: Petr Sharov Photographs: German Novomodny, Sergei Zolotukhin Cover photographs: Petr Sharov, Igor Uchuev Design: Aleksey Ognev, Vladislav Sereda Reviewed by: Nikolai Romanov, Anatoly Semenchenko Published in 2004 by WWF RFE, Vladivostok, Russia Printed by: Publishing house Apelsin Co. Ltd. Any full or partial reproduction of this publication must include the title and give credit to the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright holder. No photographs from this publication may be reproduced without prior authorization from WWF Russia or authors of the photographs. © WWF, 2004 All rights reserved Distributed for free, no selling allowed Contents Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 5 Amur Fish Diversity and Research History ............................................................................. 6 Species Listed In Red Data Book of Russia ......................................................................... 13 Yellowcheek ................................................................................................................................... 13 Black Carp (Amur) ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Current Distribution of the Striped Field Mouse (Apodemus Agrarius Pallas, 1771) in Eastern Transbaikalia: New Findings in the Disjunction Area Yu
    ISSN 20751117, Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 2015, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1–5. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2015. Original Russian Text © Yu.A. Bazhenov, M.V. Pavlenko, V.P. Korablev, A.I. Kardash, 2014, published in Rossiiskii Zhurnal Biologicheskikh Invasii, 2014, No. 4, pp. 2–9. Current Distribution of the Striped Field Mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771) in Eastern Transbaikalia: New Findings in the Disjunction Area Yu. A. Bazhenova, b, M. V. Pavlenkoc, V. P. Korablevc, †, and A. I. Kardashd aDaursky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, ul. Komsomol’skaya 76, Nizhny Tsasuchey, Zabaikalsky krai, 674480 Russia bInstitute of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Cryology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Nedorezova 16A, Chita, 672014 Russia email: [email protected] cInstitute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia email: [email protected] dChita Plague Control Station, ul. Biologicheskaya 1, Chita, 672014 Russia Received November 12, 2013 Abstract—Materials on the new findings of the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in Transbaikalia, within an earlier disjunction area in the habitat of this species (in the basins of the Onon and Ingoda rivers), are presented. Possible causes of the expansion of the species range are discussed. It is most probable that the species was introduced from the basin of the Argun River with a cargo of agricultural products to the lower reaches of the Onon River or the upper reaches of the Shilka River. Currently, the striped field mouse is a com mon species inhabiting a floodplain shrub biotope in the lower reaches of the Ingoda and Onon rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction 1 Introduction 1
    Introduction 1 Introduction 1 UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN RIVER BASINS OF DAURIA: ECOLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT By Eugene Simonov, Oleg Goroshko, Evgeny Egidarev, Olga Kiriliuk, Vadim Kiriliuk, Natalia Kochneva, Victor Obyazov, and Tatiana Tkachuk. PEOPLE'S DAILY PRESS BEIJING 2013 2 Editor of the original Russian publication Olga K.Kiriliuk (Daursky Biosphere Reserve) English version editor and translator Eugene Simonov (Rivers without Boundaries Coalition) English language editor Douglas Norlen ( Pacific Environment), Jennie Sutton (Baikal Environmental Wave) © Oleg Goroshko, Evgeny Egidarev, Vadim and Olga Kiriliuk, Natalia Kochneva, Victor Obyazov, Eugene Simonov and Tatiana Tkachuk © STATE BIOSPHERE RESERVE DAURSKY, WWF RUSSIA, INTERNATIONAL COALITION 《 RIVERS WITHOUT BOUNDARIES》, 2013 Introduction 3 Suggested citation: Eugene Simonov, Oleg Goroshko, Evgeny Egidarev, Olga Kiriliuk, Vadim Kiriliuk, Natalia Kochneva, Victor Obyazov, and Tatiana Tkachuk. Adaptation to climate change in the river basins of Dauria: ecology and water management. The extended abstract eponymous Russian edition prepared by Eugene Simonov – Beijing: PEOPLE'S DAILY PRESS, 2013. - 104p, 55ill. Abstract: This report presents the first results of the Research and Conservation Program “Influence of Climate Changes on the Ecosystems of Dauria Ecoregion and Nature-protecting Adaptation”, which is implemented at Dauria International Protected Area (DIPA). The report is dedicated to stopping degradation of the natural ecosystems in Dauria and preserving globally endangered species under conditions of intensified economic development and periodic water deficit caused by climatic cycles. The report primarily covers the Northeast of Dauria Steppe Ecoregion its geography, climate, ecosystems and their dynamics, anthropogenic impacts on natural processes, ecological monitoring, protected areas planning and management, water resources management and threats to aquatic ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Argun River Basin and Daurian Wetlands
    Argun river basin and Daurian wetlands The second Assessment of transboundary waters UNECE Water Convention Authors and contributors: •Евгений Симонов = Eugene Simonov DIPA- Daursky Biosphere Reserve, WWF Amur River Programme consultant •Oleg Goroshko, •Tatiana Tkachuk, •Vadim Kiriliuk, •Olga Kiriliuk DIPA- Daursky Biosphere Reseve ; •Victor Obiazov and Yuri Darman, WWF Russia Татьяна Минаева =Tatiana Minayeva, Wetlands International ДАУРИЯ DAURIA Amur River basin Argun River basin ДАУРИЯ DAURIA Rivers of Argun Basin have dramatic change of water resource Amur River basin availability during 30-year climate cycle. (See graph Argun River basin below ) Argun River Basin is the principal river of Dauria Steppe. Annual discharge 12 cubic km. 500 Area -300,977 km2: р. Аргунь - с.Олочи Олочи измеренные in China150,900 km² (50%) 400 Хайлар - Цаган in Russia 49,100 km² (16%) 300 с / in Mongolia 101,000 km2 (34%) 3 м 200 100 0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Cyclical change in annual rainfall (green ) 1,4 -1,0 Изменениявлажный атмосферных сухой осадковвлажный и температуры сухой воздуха 1,2 период период период период -1,5 1,0 -2,0 0,8 С о -2,5 , коэффициенты 0,6 -3,0 0,4 -3,5 0,2 температура модульные , , 0,0 -4,0 -4,5 осадки -0,2 -0,4 -5,0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 интегральная разностная кривая годовых сумм осадков 30-year droughtтемпература воздуха cycles, осредненная and по периодам flooding увлажненности dynamics are one of factors shaping regional biodiversity. Average temperature ( RED ) for the last 55 years has risen up for 1.5-2.0˚С that led to an increase of the period with positive temperatures in northern part of Daurian Steppe from 165-167 to 173-179 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Management Assessment of the Eastern Steppe, Mongolia
    GLOBAL FIRE INITIATIVE Technical Report Fire Management Assessment of the Eastern Steppe, Mongolia January 2009 GFI technical report 2009-1a Citation: Johnson, Darren, Oyunsanaa Byambasuren, Ronald L. Myers and Michael Babler. Fire Management Assessment of the Eastern Steppe, Mongolia. GFI technical report 2009-1a. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA. For more information: Global Fire Initiative The Nature Conservancy Tall Timbers Research Station 13093 Henry Beadel Drive Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA 850-668-0827 [email protected] Cover Photo: Bogd khan Uul Strictly Protected Area, Töv province. Photo by Darren Johnson. Acknowledgements The assessment team wishes to acknowledge the following organizations and individuals: TNC Mongolia - Enkhtuya Oidov, Galbadrakh Davaa, Baigalmaa Dembereldash, Delgermaa Zagd, Susan Antenen, Mr. Gongor (driver and guide), Mr. Zorigoo (herder Umnudelger Soum), the Caretaker of the Baldan Bereeven Monastery, Mr. Batsaikhan (herder Batshireet), Mr. Bazarsad (former Governor Delgerkhaan Bag), Mr. B. Gankhuyag (WWF Project Officer Dadal), Mr. Monh-erdene (State inspector Dadal), Mrs. D. Oyungerel (Governor Dadal), Mr. Ganbat (Governor Norovlin), Mr. Shijir- Erdene (Town Manager Norovlin), Mr. Ulzii (Herder Bayan-Uul), Mr. Ganbat (Governor Bayan-Uul), Mrs. Ch. Oyunchimeg (State Inspector Bayan-Uul), Mr. Ganbaatar (Herder Tsagaan Ovoo), Mr. Nyamdorj (Ranger Tsagaan Ovoo), Mrs. Dulamkhand (Head of Parliament Tsagaan Ovoo), Mr. Batsaikhan (Herder Mandal Tolgoy), Mrs. Tsevelmaa (Mandal Tolgoy), Mr. Amar (Chief Ranger Toson Hulstay Nature Reserve), Mr. Ganbat (Director of Dornod Aimag Environmental Protection Agency), Mr. B. Batdorj (GIS Specialist for the Eastern Mongolia Protected Area Administration), Mrs. P. Amarzaya (Forest Fire Specialist in the Fire Prevention Department of the Mongolia National Emergency Management Agency), Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Download Genghis Khans Greatest General: Subotai the Valiant
    GENGHIS KHANS GREATEST GENERAL: SUBOTAI THE VALIANT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Richard A Gabriel | 176 pages | 30 Mar 2006 | University of Oklahoma Press | 9780806137346 | English | United States Genghis Khans Greatest General: Subotai the Valiant PDF Book However, the overall campaign seemed to have reached a stalemate. Without cookies your experience may not be seamless. Trivia About Genghis Khan's Gr Subutai returned, destroyed the three Song armies by isolating and defeating them, and retook the cities. Nevertheless, it covers an immense scene and yields an extraordinary amount of knowledge and wisdom. Historians believe Subutai was born in the year , [2] probably just west of the upper Onon River in what is now Mongolia. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Lars Fischer rated it liked it Sep 15, After plundering the southern Russian steppes, the Russian princes united with the retreating Cuman confederacy to defeat the Mongols with an 80, man host. Unlike in —23 when the majority of the Rus' states allied against Subutai and Jebe, this time the Mongols apparently struck with such speed that the Russians were either too paralyzed, or possibly too bitter or distracted to ally. Army War College students express what can be learned from the Mongol art of war; interesting stuff, much of which can be learned from other generals and is likely in one field manual or another. Apr 22, James Kenney rated it it was amazing. The Mongol dispersion helped them avoid contagion by the plague that devastated Kaifeng, and after being stretched to the limit, the Emperor fled and the city surrendered.
    [Show full text]
  • Amur, One of the World Biggest Rivers, Starts from a Mountain in Mongolia
    Amur, one of the world biggest rivers, starts from a mountain in Mongolia Davaa, Uvur and Unguljiin rivers start from Khan Khentii Mountain, a peak of Khentii Mountain range, and running along on two sides of Botokhon and Boorji that lie next to Mountains Burkhan Khaldun create a river called “Onon”. The river runs for 808 km along beautiful high mountains that support forests including boreal coniferous forests and through vast meadows and steppe in Khentii and Dornod aimags of Mongolia and then goes to a territory of Chita province of Russian Federation. While running through the territory of Russian Federation, Onon River creates Shilk River by joining Ingedei River started from Sohond Mountain, a peak mountain continued from Khentii Mountain range to the north east. Joining Ergune River, the Shilk River creates scenic Amur River that marks off borders of Russia and China and inflows into Pacific Ocean having run through vast taiga/boreal coniferous forests. Thus, starting from a tributary of Ungulj and Davaa rivers and inflowing into the ocean, this big river runs for 4,444 km. The river width is five km in average by running in narrow streams in its some parts. It is internationally recognized that Onon River is a head river of Amur River, one of five world biggest rivers that freely runs without any natural embankments and barriers. There are over 400 rivers and streams inflowing in Onon, Ulz, Kherlen, and Khalkh rivers in Mongolia that belong to Amur River basin. Amur River basin is one of 35 eco-regions that require inevitable conservation as announced by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).
    [Show full text]
  • A Proposed Crinoid Zonation of the Devonian Deposits of Eastern Transbaikal
    A proposed crinoid zonation of the Devonian deposits of eastern Transbaikal ALENA V. KURILENKO & NIKOLAY P. KULKOV Devonian deposits of eastern Transbaikal, Russia, are widely distributed in the Onon, Argun and Upper Amur terranes, each with a different geological development history. Two lithofacies are represented in the geological section: carbon- ate-volcanogenic-terrigenous (Onon terrane) and terrigenous-carbonate (Argun and Upper Amur terranes), with strata in the latter characterized by abundant fossil remains, especially numerous crinoids and brachiopods. Brachiopod assem- blages are stated for each strata of the Transbaikal Devonian. A crinoid biostratigraphic zonation is proposed within the Mongol-Okhotsk fold belt as follows: Scyphocrinites mariannae, Costatocrinus bicostatus and Tastjicrinus pauci- costatus (Lower Lochkovian); Amazaricrinus ildicanensis (Pragian); Paradecacrinus orientalis (Emsian); Raricrinus minimus and Vasticrinus vastus (Eifelian); Ononicrinus gracilis (Givetian); Hexacrinites? stukalinae sp. nov. (Frasnian) and Platycrinites? subtuberosus (Upper Famennian). Local and regional crinoid ages accord well with those of brachio- pods. Lateral distribution of faunal assemblages allows regional correlation. • Keywords: Devonian, crinoid biozonation, brachiopods, assemblages, biostratigraphy, Transbaikal. KURILENKO, A.V. & KULKOV, N.P. 2008. A proposed crinoid zonation of the Devonian deposits of eastern Transbaikal. Bulletin of Geosciences 83(4), 461–472 (4 figures, 2 tables). Czech Geological Survey, Prague.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Drainage Basins of the Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan
    99 CHAPTER 2 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN This chapter deals with the assessment of transboundary rivers, lakes and groundwaters, as well as selected Ramsar Sites and other wetlands of transboundary importance, which are located in the basins of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan. Assessed transboundary waters in the drainage basins of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan Transboundary groundwaters Ramsar Sites/wetlands of Basin/sub-basin(s) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin within the basin transboundary importance Amur Sea of Okhotsk CN, MN, RU Middle Heilongjian-Amur River Basin (CN, RU) - Argun/Hailaer Amur CN, RU Daurian Wetlands: (CN, MN, RU) - Ussuri/Wusuli Amur CN, RU Lake Khanka/ Xingkai Lake National Nature Xingkai Reserve — Lake Khanka: (CN, RU) Sujfun/Razdolnaya Sea of Japan CN, RU Tumen/Tumannaya Sea of Japan CN, KP, RU Note: Transboundary groundwaters in italics are not assessed in the present publication. Long-term mean annual flow (km³) of rivers discharging to the Sea of lakes in the basin; among them the transboundary Lake Xing- Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan kai/Khanka (in the sub-basin of the Ussuri/Wusuli River) and River, Station, Buirnuur/Beier (in the sub-basin of Argun/Hailaer River). In Time series the Russian part of the Amur Basin, lakes and reservoirs make Amur, Bogorodskoye, up some 0.6% of the area. 1962-1987 323.392 Basin of the Amur River Tumen, mouth, 1934-2000 10.15 Country Area in the country (km2) Country’s share (%) China 902 300 43 Ussuri, Kirovsky, 7.01 1965-1984 Mongolia 195 263 9 Russian Federation 1 003 000 48 Sujfun/Razdolnaya, 2.26 1936-2009 Total 2 100 563 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Note: The share of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea of the basin in the Lake Tianchi watershed at the Source: GRDC, Koblenz.
    [Show full text]