DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessments of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impacts Into

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessments of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impacts Into WWF Mongolia Programme Office ASSESSMENTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS INTO HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF ONON, KHERLEN AND KHALKH RIVER BASINS, MONGOLIA Climate Change in the Onon, Kherlen and Khalkh River Basins ♦ 3 FOREWORD CONTENT This research entitled “Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impact Assess- CLIMATE CONDICION OF THE KHERLEN, ments on Headwaters of the Amur/Heilong River Basin and Adaptive/ ONON AND KHALKH RIVER BASINS.......................................................................6 Mitigation, Management” was conducted from July to September 2009 in Mongolian headwaters of Amur/Heilong River Basin - Onon, Kherlen and 1. CLIMATE REGIME – PAST AND PRESENT Khalkh River Basins. The study was initiated and funded by WWF Mon- 1.1 CLIMATE CHANGE..........................................................................................................8 golia Programme Office with support from WWF Netherlands. The study 1.1.1 AIR TEMPERATURE..............................................................................................8 involved researchers and scientists from academic institutions, universi- 1.1.2 PRECIPITATION....................................................................................................10 ties, consulting companies. 1.1.3 EVAPORATION......................................................................................................13 1.1.4 WIND REGIME......................................................................................................13 Presented below contributing authors contact addresses: 1.2 HAZARDOUS PHENOMENA CHANGES.......................................................................15 Natsagdorj L., (PhD) 1.2.1 THUNDER STORMS..............................................................................................15 Senior scientist 1.2.2 DROUGHTS............................................................................................................15 Tel: (976)-9115-7920 1.2.3 DUST AND SAND TORM.......................................................................................16 E-mail: [email protected] 1.3 FACTORS IMPACTING CLIMATE CHANGE.................................................................18 1.3.1 HUMAN (ANTHROPOGENIC) IMPACTS .............................................................18 Batima P., (PhD) Water Authority of Mongolia 2. CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS Tel: (976)-8810-1866 2.1 AIR TEMPERATURE.......................................................................................................23 E-mail: [email protected] 2.2 PRECIPITATION.............................................................................................................29 2.3 POTENTIAL EVAPORATION AND RIVER DISCHARGES................... ........................33 Tumursukh D., 3. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES Institute of Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences 3.1 WATER SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION.................................................................................34 Tel: (976)-9923-1520 3.2 HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS.........................................................................34 E-mail: [email protected] 3.3 WATER RESOURCES......................................................................................................35 3.4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER ENVIRONMENT CHANGE AND Ulziisaikhan B., CLIMATE CHANGE.........................................................................................................36 WWF Mongolia Programme Office and University of Technology and Science of Mongolia 4. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON RIVER ECOSYSTEMS Tel: (976)-9514-1282 4.1 NATURAL ZONES AND PERMAFROST........................................................................41 E-mail: [email protected] 4.2. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ECOSYSTEM AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.........................................................................................44 Mijiddorj R., (PhD) University of Technology and Science of Mongolia 5. ADAPTATION MEASURES TO CLIMATE CHANGE [email protected] ANNEX REFERENCES Editors team: Mijiddorj R., (PhD) University of Technology and Science of Mongolia Batnasan N., (PhD) WWF Mongolia Programme Office (former) Batkhuyag B., (PhD) WWF Mongolia Programme Office Alana M.Wilson Climate change researcher Cover photo by B.Gankhuyag 4 ♦ Climate Change in the Onon, Kherlen and Khalkh River Basins Climate Change in the Onon, Kherlen and Khalkh River Basins ♦ 5 Figure 1.11 Summer locations of herder families Figure 1.12 Winter locations of herder families TABLES Figure 1.13 Irrigation system – upper Choibalsan Figure 2.1a Annual mean air temperature distribution of Mongolia, 1961-1990 Figure 2.1b Annual mean air temperature distribution, projected for 2020 by ECHAM model Table 1.0 Meteorological stations data of which used for the study Figure 2.1c Annual mean air temperature distribution, projected for 2050 by ECHAM model Table 1.1 Mean air temperature norm of some meteorological stations from eastern Mongolia (av- Figure 2.1d Annual mean air temperature distribution, projected for 2080 by ECHAM model erages of 1961-1990) Figure 2.1e Annual mean air temperature distribution, projected for 2020 by HADLEY model Table1.2 Averages of monthly mean air temperature of Choibalsan station by different time peri- Figure 2.1f Annual mean air temperature distribution, projected for 2050 by HADLEY model ods Figure 2.1g Annual mean air temperature distribution, projected for 2080 by HADLEY model Table 1.3 Averages of hot days with air temperature greater than 300С Figure 2.1h Air temperature and precipitation of eastern region of Mongolia Table 1.4 Mean monthly and annual precipitation norms of some meteorological stations from Figure 2.2a Distribution of annual total precipitation projected for 2020 by ECHAM model eastern Mongolia, in mm (1961-1990). Figure 2.2b Distribution of annual total precipitation projected for 2050 by ECHAM model Table 1.5 Mean precipitation of last 10 years measured at meteorological stations (1998-2007). Figure 2.2c Distribution of annual total precipitation projected for 2080 by ECHAM model Table 1.6 Monthly and annual mean wind velocity (m/s) Figure 2.2d Distribution of annual total precipitation projected for 2020 by HADLEY model Table 1.7 Monthly and annual averages of number of days with wind storms Figure 2.2e Distribution of annual total precipitation projected for 2050 by HADLEY model Table 1.8 Perennial averages of number of days with sandstorms Figure 2.2f Distribution of annual total precipitation projected for 2080 by HADLEY model Table 1.9 Perennial averages of number of days with soft sandstorms Figure 3.1 Trend of water resources at the Khalkh river Table 1.10 Use of irrigation system area with engineering structures Figure 3.2 Trend of water resources at the Kherlen river Table 1.11 Potential water resources for exploitation (by aimags, km3/year) Figure 3.3 Trend of water resources at the Onon river Table 1.12 Newly constructed and renovated groundwater wells (source: Ministry of Food, Agricul- Figure 3.4a Changes in October-November temperature and ice ture and Light Industry) Figure 3.4b Changes in river ice breakup dates in Khalkh river Table 2.1a Comparison of mean air temperatures of Onon, Kherlen and Khalkh rivers from 1961 to Figure 3.4c Changes of ice cover depth in Onon river 1990 with 2020, 2050 and 2080 year projections. By ECHAM and HADLEY models Figure 4.1a Northern border shift of desert zone (by Qz value) Table 2.2a Comparison of precipitation in the Onon, Kherlen and Khalkh River Basins from 1961 to Figure 4.1b The average of yearly air temperature +3oC shift line (By situation of year 1991, 2040, 1990 with 2020, 2050 and 2080 year projections. By ECHAM and HADLEY models 2070 and 2100) Table 3.1a Sensitivity of river runoff to changes in temperature and precipitation Figure 4.2 Long-term permafrost distribution in Mongolia (1-continuous and discontinuous per- (changes in %) mafrost, 2-insular and sparsely insular permafrost, 3-sporadic permafrost and 4-sea- Table 3.1b River runoff to changes by ECHAM A2 and HadCM A2 sonally frozen) Table 4.1 Value of Qz lines, showing boundary of desert and steppe zones Figure 4.3a Preliminary estimated distribution borders of Mongolian permafrost in 2020 Table 4.2 Decrease of Mongolian permafrost distribution, calculated by General Circulation Mod- Figure 4.3b Preliminary estimated distribution borders of Mongolian permafrost in 2050 els (in %) Figure 4.3c Preliminary estimated distribution borders of Mongolian permafrost in 2080 Table 4.3 Cross analyses of climate change impacts and sensitivity assessment Figure 4.4 Situation of relationship between system components Table 6.1 Greenhouse gas content released from steppe fire occurred in eastern Mongolia Figure 5.1 Soums’ goat increases in the Onon and Kherlen River Basin (1991-2005) Table 6.2 Greenhouse gas content released from 1 kм2 steppe fire area Figure 5.2 Vegetation dry biomass content in fenced and non-fenced areas of Dadal soum, Khentii aimag (centner ql /ha, 1995-2007) Figure 6.1 Map of areas burnt by steppe fire from October 2003 Figure 6.2 Greenhouse gases (CO2, CO, CH4, NOx, SO2) released from steppe fire in October 2003 FIGURES and distribution of total aerosol (PM2.5) Figure 1.1 Long-term trend of annual mean air temperatures, averaged within eastern region of Mongolia Figure 1.2 Long-term trend of winter mean air temperatures, averaged within eastern region Figure 1.3 Long-term trend of summer mean air temperatures,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cnnc International Limited 中核國際有限公司
    THIS CIRCULAR IS IMPORTANT AND REQUIRES YOUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION If you are in any doubt as to any aspect of this circular or as to the action to be taken, you should consult your stockbroker or other registered dealer in securities, bank manager, solicitor, professional accountant or other independent professional adviser. If you have sold or transferred all your shares in CNNC International Limited (the ‘‘Company’’), you should at once hand this circular to the purchaser(s) or transferee(s) or to the bank, stockbroker or other agent through whom the sale or transfer was effected for transmission to the purchaser(s) or transferee(s). Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this circular, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this circular. This circular is for information purposes only and does not constitute an invitation or offer to acquire, purchase or subscribe for any shares. CNNC INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 中 核 國 際 有 限 公 司* (Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability) (Stock Code: 2302) MAJOR TRANSACTION (1) OFFER TO ACQUIRE A MINIMUM OF 50.1% AND UP TO ALL THE ISSUED AND OUTSTANDING COMMON SHARES OF WESTERN PROSPECTOR (OTHER THAN THOSE ALREADY BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY FIRST DEVELOPMENT) (2) SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT TO SUBSCRIBE FOR NEW SHARES IN WESTERN PROSPECTOR BY FIRST DEVELOPMENT * For identification purpose only 30 June 2009 CONTENTS Page DEFINITIONS .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in Mongolia
    Universität Potsdam Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Universitätsverlag Potsdam Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Universitätsverlag Potsdam Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2010 http://info.ub.uni-potsdam.de/verlag.htm Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 4623 / Fax: 3474 E-Mail: [email protected] Das Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 2010 Online veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der Universität Potsdam URL http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/volltexte/2010/4176/ URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41768 http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41768 Zugleich gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag Potsdam ISBN 978-3-86956-053-3 Abstract Fiscal federalism has been an important topic among public finance theorists in the last four decades. There is a series of arguments that decentralization of governments enhances growth by improving allocation efficiency. However, the empirical studies have shown mixed results for industrialized and developing countries and some of them have demonstrated that there might be a threshold level of economic development below which decentralization is not effective. Developing and transition countries have developed a variety of forms of fiscal decentralization as a possible strategy to achieve effective and efficient governmental structures. A generalized principle of decentralization due to the country specific circumstances does not exist. Therefore, decentra- lization has taken place in different forms in various countries at different times, and even exactly the same extent of decentralization may have had different impacts under different conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction
    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Transport plays a crucial role in the efficient functioning of the domestic economy as well as development of international trade due to dependence on both coal-based energy production and imports. However, the issues in the transport sector of Mongolia are mainly derived from the salient features of a landlocked country with a low population and a long distance between population centers. A major characteristics of transportation in Mongolia is the collection and distribution by road of both passenger traffic and cargo transport from the north-south transport axis centering on Ulaanbaatar. The main north-south axis comprises both rail and road. Within road transport, the density of arterial road network remains very low and unpaved earth roads or multiple shifting tracks occupy a large portion of arterial roads. More than 30% of population and a half of national car ownership are concentrated in Ulaanbaatar City, while very low level of mobility is found in rural area because non-motorized traffic such as horse and cart prevails. Recently, such gap of mobility level is increasing. Under such circumstances, in response to the request of the Government of Mongolia (hereinafter referred to as "GOM"), the Government of Japan decided to conduct the Feasibility Study on Construction of Eastern Arterial Road in Mongolia (hereinafter referred to as "the Study"), in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations in force in Japan. Japan International Cooperation Agency (hereinafter referred to as "JICA"), the official agency responsible for the implementation of the technical cooperation programs of the Government of Japan, dispatched the preparatory study team headed by Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016/2017 Dzud Emergency Response, Mongolia Needs Assessment and Response Plan
    2016/2017 Dzud Emergency Response, Mongolia Needs Assessment and Response Plan Photo: Regis Defurnaux, 2016 People in Need January 2017 LIST OF FIGURES 2 LIST OF ACRONYMS 2 GLOSSARY 2 INTRODUCTION 3 CONTEXT 3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 5 CURRENT SITUATION 7 DORNOD PROVINCE 11 KHENTII PROVINCE 14 SUKHBAATAR PROVINCE 15 PIN RESPONSE PLAN 16 VULNERABILITY CRITERIA AND BENEFICIARY SELECTION PROCESS 16 1 ESTIMATES OF AFFECTED AND TARGET HOUSEHOLDS IN DORNOD, KHENTII AND SUKHBAATAR PROVINCES 17 AGRICULTURE 18 EARLY RECOVERY 21 COORDINATION & FUNDRAISING 22 UN CERF 22 UN HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM - AGRICULTURAL CLUSTER 22 ANNEXES 24 Annex 1. Data collection sheet 24 Annex 2: Beneficiary selection process 24 Annex 3: Photos 24 SOURCES 24 2016/2017 Dzud Emergency Response: Needs Assessment and Response Plan People in Need, January 2017 List of Figures FIGURE 1: DZUD CONTRIBUTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ........................................................................................... 4 FIGURE 2: DATA COLLECTED DURING THE NEEDS ASSESSMENT ........................................................................... 6 FIGURE 3: INDICATORS SIGNALLING THE SEVERITY OF 2016/2017 DZUD COMPARED TO LAST YEAR .................. 7 FIGURE 4: SOUMS EVALUATED AS WITH DZUD IN DORNOD, KHENTII AND SUKHBAATAR PROVINCES .................. 9 FIGURE 5: COMPARISON OF DZUD SITUATION IN MONGOLIA IN DECEMBER 2016 AND JANUARY 2017 ............ 10 FIGURE 6: SOUMS IN DORNOD PROVINCE ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report Main Report
    NO. JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT MONGOLIA MASTER PLAN STUDY FOR RURAL POWER SUPPLY BY RENEWABLE ENERGY IN MONGOLIA FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT SEPTEMBER 2000 NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. TOKYO, JAPAN MPN JR 00－152 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT MONGOLIA MASTER PLAN STUDY FOR RURAL POWER SUPPLY BY RENEWABLE ENERGY IN MONGOLIA FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT SEPTEMBER 2000 NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. TOKYO, JAPAN The framework of the Final Report Volume I SUMMARY Volume II MAIN REPORT Volume III DATA BOOK This Report is MAIN REPORT. 111313 108 149 107 Khatgal 112112 104 105 147 103 165 Ulaangom 146 74 9161 145 111111 114 Sukhbaatar 144 KHUVSGUL102 114 BAYAN-ULGII 143 128 9121 102 109 139 171 106 Ulgii 141 136 111010 76 170 UVS 140 142 137 101 100 Murun BULGAN Darkhan 169 75 99 83 168 148 133 132 SELENGE 164 135 163 124 125 138 127 98 123 131 Erdenet 80 8181 167 ZAVKHAN 97 79 78 73 71 122 96 Bulgan Khovd 120 126 KHENTII 121 ARKHANGAI Ulaanbaatar 9151 160 117117 90729072 72 Choibalsan 119119 111515 159 9122 Uliastai 159 64 DORNOD 28 130 9111 166 158 151 152 134 41 67 69 29 129 134 42 Tsetserleg 63 157 30 TUV Undurkhaan KHOVD 111818 46 50 156 25 19 Kharkhorin 43 Baruun-Urt 24 40 66 155 154 17 23 Altai 47 44 8787 90719071 6565 62 153 48 SUKHBAATAR 2626 93 Arvaikheer 52 22 Bayankhongor 27 94 86 20 21 38 DUNDGOVI 61 5958 16 37 95 Mandalgovi 5958 60 91 15 36 90 85 14 39 9083 9082 Sainshand UVURKHANGAI 8484 33 35 GOVI-ALTAI 5 55 51 32 34 89 51 1111 54 BAYANKHONGOR 3 6 DORNOGOVI 9041 13 53 9 Dalanzadgad 57 12 4 10 7 2 56 8 UMNUGOVI Legend (1/2) Target Sum Center Original No.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change
    This “Mongolia Second Assessment Report on Climate Change 2014” (MARCC 2014) has been developed and published by the Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia with financial support from the GIZ programme “Biodiversity and adaptation of key forest ecosystems to climate change”, which is being implemented in Mongolia on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Copyright © 2014, Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia Editors-in-chief: Damdin Dagvadorj Zamba Batjargal Luvsan Natsagdorj Disclaimers This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures . 3 List of Tables . .. 12 Abbreviations . 14 Units . 17 Foreword . 19 Preface . 22 1. Introduction. Batjargal Z. 27 1.1 Background information about the country . 33 1.2 Introductory information on the second assessment report-MARCC 2014 . 31 2. Climate change: observed changes and future projection . 37 2.1 Global climate change and its regional and local implications. Batjargal Z. 39 2.1.1 Observed global climate change as estimated within IPCC AR5 . 40 2.1.2 Temporary slowing down of the warming . 43 2.1.3 Driving factors of the global climate change .
    [Show full text]
  • Asia 24 Supplementary Material
    Asia 24 Supplementary Material Coordinating Lead Authors: Yasuaki Hijioka (Japan), Erda Lin (China), Joy Jacqueline Pereira (Malaysia) Lead Authors: Richard T. Corlett (China), Xuefeng Cui (China), Gregory Insarov (Russian Federation), Rodel Lasco (Philippines), Elisabet Lindgren (Sweden), Akhilesh Surjan (India) Contributing Authors: Elena M. Aizen (USA), Vladimir B. Aizen (USA), Rawshan Ara Begum (Bangladesh), Kenshi Baba (Japan), Monalisa Chatterjee (USA/India), J. Graham Cogley (Canada), Noah Diffenbaugh (USA), Li Ding (Singapore), Qingxian Gao (China), Matthias Garschagen (Germany), Masahiro Hashizume (Japan), Manmohan Kapshe (India), Andrey G. Kostianoy (Russia), Kathleen McInnes (Australia), Sreeja Nair (India), S.V.R.K. Prabhakar (India), Yoshiki Saito (Japan), Andreas Schaffer (Singapore), Rajib Shaw (Japan), Dáithí Stone (Canada/South Africa /USA), Reiner Wassman (Philippines), Thomas J. Wilbanks (USA), Shaohong Wu (China) Review Editors: Rosa Perez (Philippines), Kazuhiko Takeuchi (Japan) Volunteer Chapter Scientists: Yuko Onishi (Japan), Wen Wang (China) This chapter on-line supplementary material should be cited as: Hijioka , Y., E. Lin, J.J. Pereira, R.T. Corlett, X. Cui, G.E. Insarov, R.D. Lasco, E. Lindgren, and A. Surjan, 2014: Asia – supplementary material. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmen tal Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Available from www.ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5 and www.ipcc.ch.
    [Show full text]
  • DRAINAGE BASINS of the SEA of OKHOTSK and SEA of JAPAN Chapter 2
    60 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN Chapter 2 SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN 61 62 AMUR RIVER BASIN 66 LAKE XINGKAI/KHANKA 66 TUMEN RIVER BASIN Chapter 2 62 SEA OF OKHOTSK AND SEA OF JAPAN This chapter deals with major transboundary rivers discharging into the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan and their major transboundary tributaries. It also includes lakes located within the basins of these seas. TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS IN THE BASINS OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK AND THE SEA OF JAPAN1 Basin/sub-basin(s) Total area (km2) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin Amur 1,855,000 Sea of Okhotsk CN, MN, RU … - Argun 164,000 Amur CN, RU … - Ussuri 193,000 Amur CN, RU Lake Khanka Sujfun 18,300 Sea of Japan CN, RU … Tumen 33,800 Sea of Japan CN, KP, RU … 1 The assessment of water bodies in italics was not included in the present publication. 1 AMUR RIVER BASIN o 55 110o 120o 130o 140o SEA OF Zeya OKHOTSK R U S S I A N Reservoir F E mur D un A E mg Z A e R Ulan Ude Chita y ilka a A a Sh r od T u Ing m n A u I Onon g ya r re A Bu O n e N N Khabarovsk Ulaanbaatar Qiqihar i MONGOLIA a r u u gh s n s o U CHIN A S Lake Khanka N Harbin 45o Sapporo A Suj fu Jilin n Changchun SEA O F P n e JA PA N m Vladivostok A Tu Kilometres Shenyang 0 200 400 600 The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map Ch’ongjin J do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Destination Tourism in Greater Tumen Region
    MULTI-DESTINATION TOURISM IN GREATER TUMEN REGION RESEARCH REPORT 2013 MULTI-DESTINATION TOURISM IN GREATER TUMEN REGION RESEARCH REPORT 2013 Greater Tumen Initiative Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH GTI Secretariat Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration in Asia (RCI) Tayuan Diplomatic Compound 1-1-142 Tayuan Diplomatic Office Bldg 1-14-1 No. 1 Xindong Lu, Chaoyang District No. 14 Liangmahe Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing, 100600, China Beijing, 100600, China www.tumenprogramme.org www.economicreform.cn Tel: +86-10-6532-5543 Tel: + 86-10-8532-5394 Fax: +86-10-6532-6465 Fax: +86-10-8532-5774 [email protected] [email protected] © 2013 by Greater Tumen Initiative The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Greater Tumen Initiative (GTI) or members of its Consultative Commission and Tourism Board or the governments they represent. GTI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, GTI does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. “Multi-Destination Tourism in the Greater Tumen Region” is the report on respective research within the GTI Multi-Destination Tourism Project funded by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The report was prepared by Mr. James MacGregor, sustainable tourism consultant (ecoplan.net).
    [Show full text]
  • Tuul River Basin Basin
    GOVERNMENT OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT MONGOLIA I II III AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT Physical, Tuul river Socio-Economic geographical basin water Development and natural resource and and Future condition of water quality trend of the Tuul river Tuul River basin Basin IV V VI Water Water use Negative TUUL RIVER BASIN supply, water balance of the impacts on consumption- Tuul river basin basin water INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN use and water resources demand, hydro- constructions VII VIII IX Main challenges River basin The organization and strategic integrated and control of objectives of the water resources the activities to river basin water management implement the Tuul management plan plan measures River Basin IWM INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN plan Address: TUUL RIVER BASIN “Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia” project Chingunjav Street, Bayangol District Ulaanbaatar-16050, Mongolia Tel/Fax: 362592, 363716 Website: http://iwrm.water.mn E-mail: [email protected] Ulaanbaatar 2012 Annex 1 of the Minister’s order ¹ A-102 of Environment and Green Development, dated on 03 December, 2012 TUUL RIVER BASIN INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (Phase 1, 2013-2015; Phase 2, 2016-2021) Ulaanbaatar 2012 DDC 555.7’015 Tu-90 This plan was developed within the framework of the “Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia” project, funded by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands at Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia Project Project Project Consulting Team National Director
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting Dryland Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in the Eastern Steppe of Mongolia” Project
    Environmental and Social Management Framework for “Promoting Dryland Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in The Eastern Steppe of Mongolia” Project ULAANBAATAR 2020 Required citation: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), World Wildlife Fund (WWF). 2020. Environmental and Social Management Framework for “Promoting Dryland Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in The Eastern Steppe of Mongolia” Project. Ulaanbaatar. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. © FAO, WWF, 2020 Some rights reserved. This worK is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAliKe 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this worK may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this worK, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services.
    [Show full text]
  • Aeolian Material Migration in Transbaikalia (Asian Russia)
    Article Aeolian Material Migration in Transbaikalia (Asian Russia) Olga Bazhenova 1,2,*, Dmitrii Kobylkin 1 and Elizaveta Tyumentseva 3 1 V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia; [email protected] 2 Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia 3 Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-3952426920 Received: 25 November 2018; Accepted: 2 January 2019; Published: 14 January 2019 Abstract: We revealed regional features of functioning of a large Transbaikalian aeolian morphodynamic system. Natural pre-conditions, current realities and factors of development of aeolian processes are investigated. The paper considers regularities of spatial distribution of deflation, transit, and aeolian accumulation zones. Main directions of aeolian migration of matter are determined. Pulsating nature of aeolian processes development in Holocene has been established. Identified are intrasecular cycles and Holocene dynamics of aeolian processes. We identified intrasecular (11, 27–35 years old), secular (80 year old) and Holocene (500, 2000 year old) cycles of aeolian process dynamics. The paper shows the influence of anthropogenic activity on the activation of aeolian migration of material for the historical period. It presents an overview of extreme aeolian events. Regionalization of Transbaikalia was carried out according to the degree of probable desertification of the territory due to development of aeolian processes. Areas of catastrophic manifestation of processes are highlighted. The results of long-term experimental observations of deflation and aeolian accumulation are presented. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the aeolian corridors. The important role of aeolian processes in the intensive material transport from Transbaikalia to the south and southeast to neighboring regions of Mongolia and China is shown.
    [Show full text]