Class 10: CMOS Gate Design

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Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Topics: 1. Exclusive OR Implementation 2. Exclusive OR Carry Circuit 3. PMOS Carry Circuit Equivalent 4. CMOS Full-Adder 5. NAND, NOR Gate Considerations 6. Logic Example 7. Logic Negation 8. Mapping Logic ‘0’ 9. Equivalent Circuits 10. Fan-In and Fan-Out 11. Rise Delay Time 12. Rise Delay Time 13. Rise Delay Time 14. Fall Delay Time 15. Equal Delays Joseph A. Elias, PhD 1 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Exclusive OR Design (Martin c4.5) 3-input XOR Truth Table Similar to how one derives a 2-input XOR (Martin, p.183) using (a’+b’)=(ab)’ (a’b’)=(a+b)’ a XOR b = a’b + ab’ = a’a + a’b + ab’ + bb’ = a’(a+b) + b’(a+b) = (a’+b’)(a+b) = (ab)’(a+b) = (ab + (a’b’) )’ = (ab + (a + b)’ )’ Joseph A. Elias, PhD 2 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Exclusive OR Carry Circuit (Martin c4.5) NMOS realization PMOS equivalent •A in parallel with B •A in series with B •A||B in series with C •AB in parallel with C •AB in parallel with (A||B)C •A||B in series with (AB)||C Vout = Joseph A. Elias, PhD 3 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design PMOS Carry Circuit Equivalent (Martin c4.5) •Martin indicates equivalency between these circuits •Is this true? (AB+C)(A+B) = (A+B)C + (AB) ABA + ABB + AC + BC = AC +BC +AB AB + AB + AC + BC = AC + BC + AB AB + AC + BC = AB + AC + BC equivalent Joseph A. Elias, PhD 4 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design CMOS Full-Adder (Martin c4.5) Sum: (A+B+C) Carry + ABC Carry: (A+B)C + AB Joseph A. Elias, PhD 5 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design NAND, NOR Gate Considerations (Martin c4.5) •NAND is preferable to NOR - why? •What makes p-ch undesirable? •How does one compensate for it? Joseph A. Elias, PhD 6 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Logic Example (Martin c4.5) Desired Truth Table Corresponding Karnaugh Map Grouping of 1’ (meaning what gates?): Joseph A. Elias, PhD 7 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Logic Negation (Martin c4.5) Joseph A. Elias, PhD 8 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Mapping Logic ‘0’ (Martin c4.5) Using (a’b’)=(a+b)’ •Choice of which map to use depends on whether inputs are negated Joseph A. Elias, PhD 9 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Equivalent Circuits (Martin c4.5) Joseph A. Elias, PhD 10 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Fan-In and Fan-Out (Weste p264-267) Joseph A. Elias, PhD 11 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Rise Delay Time (Weste p264-267) Rise time delay where Joseph A. Elias, PhD 12 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Rise Delay Time (Weste p264-267) Re-writing Joseph A. Elias, PhD 13 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Rise Delay Time (Weste p264-267) Has the form: where Joseph A. Elias, PhD 14 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Fall Delay Time (Weste p264-267) Similar to rise time delay, the fall time delay as a function of fan-in and fan-out: Assuming equal-sized gates (n/p size fixed) is the case (as in standard cells and gate arrays) Joseph A. Elias, PhD 15 Class 10: CMOS Gate Design Equal Delays (Weste p264-267) Assuming equal delays gives Where the beta ratios are So p-ch would be made (βn/ m βp) times wider for equal rise and fall delay Joseph A. Elias, PhD 16.

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Transistors and Logic Gates
Introduction to Computer Engineering CS/ECE 252, Spring 2013 Prof. Mark D. Hill Computer Sciences Department University of Wisconsin – Madison Chapter 3 Digital Logic Structures Slides based on set prepared by Gregory T. Byrd, North Carolina State University Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Transistor: Building Block of Computers Microprocessors contain millions of transistors • Intel Pentium II: 7 million • Compaq Alpha 21264: 15 million • Intel Pentium III: 28 million Logically, each transistor acts as a switch Combined to implement logic functions • AND, OR, NOT Combined to build higher-level structures • Adder, multiplexer, decoder, register, … Combined to build processor • LC-3 3-3 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Simple Switch Circuit Switch open: • No current through circuit • Light is off • Vout is +2.9V Switch closed: • Short circuit across switch • Current flows • Light is on • Vout is 0V Switch-based circuits can easily represent two states: on/off, open/closed, voltage/no voltage. 3-4 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. N-type MOS Transistor MOS = Metal Oxide Semiconductor • two types: N-type and P-type N-type • when Gate has positive voltage, short circuit between #1 and #2 (switch closed) • when Gate has zero voltage, open circuit between #1 and #2 Gate = 1 (switch open) Gate = 0 Terminal #2 must be connected to GND (0V). 3-5 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. P-type MOS Transistor P-type is complementary to N-type • when Gate has positive voltage, open circuit between #1 and #2 (switch open) • when Gate has zero voltage, short circuit between #1 and #2 (switch closed) Gate = 1 Gate = 0 Terminal #1 must be connected to +2.9V.
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–Not –And –Or –Xor –Nand –Nor
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Logic Gate - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 10-3-13 下午8:30
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