Eesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse Partei
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Ajalooline Ajakiri, 2016, 3/4 (157/158), 477–511 Historical consciousness, personal life experiences and the orientation of Estonian foreign policy toward the West, 1988–1991 Kaarel Piirimäe and Pertti Grönholm ABSTRACT The years 1988 to 1991 were a critical juncture in the history of Estonia. Crucial steps were taken during this time to assure that Estonian foreign policy would not be directed toward the East but primarily toward the integration with the West. In times of uncertainty and institutional flux, strong individuals with ideational power matter the most. This article examines the influence of For- eign Minister Lennart Meri’s and Prime Minister Edgar Savisaar’s experienc- es and historical consciousness on their visions of Estonia’s future position in international affairs. Life stories help understand differences in their horizons of expectation, and their choices in conducting Estonian diplomacy. Keywords: historical imagination, critical junctures, foreign policy analysis, So- viet Union, Baltic states, Lennart Meri Much has been written about the Baltic states’ success in breaking away from Eastern Europe after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, and their decisive “return to the West”1 via radical economic, social and politi- Research for this article was supported by the “Reimagining Futures in the European North at the End of the Cold War” project which was financed by the Academy of Finland. Funding was also obtained from the “Estonia, the Baltic states and the Collapse of the Soviet Union: New Perspectives on the End of the Cold War” project, financed by the Estonian Research Council, and the “Myths, Cultural Tools and Functions – Historical Narratives in Constructing and Consolidating National Identity in 20th and 21st Century Estonia” project, which was financed by the Turku Institute for Advanced Studies (TIAS, University of Turku). -
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Citizens' Peace Movement in the Soviet Baltic Republics Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kk0x6vm Journal Journal of Peace Research, 23(2) ISSN 0022-3433 Author Taagepera, R Publication Date 1986 DOI 10.1177/002234338602300208 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Citizens’ Peace Movement in the Soviet Baltic Republics* REIN TAAGEPERA School of Social Sciences, University of California A citizens’ peace movement emerged in the Soviet Baltic republics in January 1980, when about 23 Lithuanians, Estonians, and Latvians signed an antiwar declaration in the wake of Soviet military in- volvement in Afghanistan. The concern for peace was intertwined with, but distinct from, concerns for national autonomy, civil rights, and ecology. The movement culminated with a proposal in October 1981 that the Baltic republics be enclosed in the Nordic Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone. This proposal was signed by 38 Latvians, Lithuanians, and Estonians, in response to Brezhnev’s offer to consider some NWFZ-related measures ’applicable to our own territory’. At least five of the signatories have been jailed since then, and at least in one case the NWFZ proposal figured among the most incriminating char- ges. Despite some remaining problems of wording, the Baltic Letter on the NWFZ represented a major advance from uncompromising declaratory dissent toward advocacy of specific and negotiable mea- sures. The Baltic action preceded and partly inspired the formation of the now-defunct citizens’ peace group in Moscow, 1982. The demand for inclusion of the Baltic republics in the Nordic NWFZ was re- peated in a December 1983 letter by unnamed Estonian Peace Supporters to the Stockholm disarmament conference, in a rather declaratory style. -
Preoccupied by the Past
© Scandia 2010 http://www.tidskriftenscandia.se/ Preoccupied by the Past The Case of Estonian’s Museum of Occupations Stuart Burch & Ulf Zander The nation is born out of the resistance, ideally without external aid, of its nascent citizens against oppression […] An effective founding struggle should contain memorable massacres, atrocities, assassina- tions and the like, which serve to unite and strengthen resistance and render the resulting victory the more justified and the more fulfilling. They also can provide a focus for a ”remember the x atrocity” histori- cal narrative.1 That a ”foundation struggle mythology” can form a compelling element of national identity is eminently illustrated by the case of Estonia. Its path to independence in 98 followed by German and Soviet occupation in the Second World War and subsequent incorporation into the Soviet Union is officially presented as a period of continuous struggle, culminating in the resumption of autonomy in 99. A key institution for narrating Estonia’s particular ”foundation struggle mythology” is the Museum of Occupations – the subject of our article – which opened in Tallinn in 2003. It conforms to an observation made by Rhiannon Mason concerning the nature of national museums. These entities, she argues, play an important role in articulating, challenging and responding to public perceptions of a nation’s histories, identities, cultures and politics. At the same time, national museums are themselves shaped by the nations within which they are located.2 The privileged role of the museum plus the potency of a ”foundation struggle mythology” accounts for the rise of museums of occupation in Estonia and other Eastern European states since 989. -
List of Members
Subcommittee on Security and Defence Members Anna FOTYGA Chair European Conservatives and Reformists Group Poland Prawo i Sprawiedliwość Christian EHLER Vice-Chair Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) Germany Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands Jaromír ŠTĚTINA Vice-Chair Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) Czechia TOP 09 a Starostové Clare MOODY Vice-Chair Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament United Kingdom Labour Party Sabine LÖSING Vice-Chair Confederal Group of the European United Left - Nordic Green Left Germany DIE LINKE. Laima Liucija ANDRIKIENĖ Member Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) Lithuania Tėvynės sąjunga-Lietuvos krikščionys demokratai Johannes Cornelis VAN BAALEN Member Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Netherlands Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie Brando BENIFEI Member Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament Italy Partito Democratico Klaus BUCHNER Member Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance Germany Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei Jerzy BUZEK Member Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) Poland Platforma Obywatelska 30/09/2021 1 Aymeric CHAUPRADE Member Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy Group France Les Français Libres Javier COUSO PERMUY Member Confederal Group of the European United Left - Nordic Green Left Spain Independiente Arnaud DANJEAN Member Group of the European People's Party -
The Ukrainian Weekly 1989
ubiished by the Ukrainian National Association Inc.. -J I c. a fraternal non-profit associitiori| rainian H V Vol. LVII No. 22 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 28, 1989 50 cents USSR national-democratic movements'Congress of People's Deputies convenes western representatives meet in ParisUkrainia n faithful in Moscow PARIS - Twenty two Western the signatories write: representatives of national-democratic "We fully share your democratic raise Catholic Church issue movements of various nationalities in aspirations and deem it our principal MOSCOW - More than 400 faithful memorial service at the hotel, Revolu the USSR met here on May 6-11 and task to support the demands of demo took part in a Ukrainian Catholic tion Plaza and Karl Marx Street, called formed a mutual Coordinating Center, cracy and independence. moleben in front of the Moskva Hotel for the legalization of the Ukrainian called Democracy and Independence, "Coming from the possibilities of the on Thursday morning. May 25, as Catholic Church in the Soviet Union. A to support the movements' ideas and democratic world in which we live, we newly elected ministers to the Congress delegation of 150 to 200 Ukrainians activities. establish as our goal to assist in your of People's Deputies filed past them on from western Ukraine, among them Mr. According to a May 11 statement, the fight to win freedom for our nations." their way to the first session of this Неї, took part in a two-and-a-half coordinating center was organized at Four former Ukrainian political parliament, according to Ivan Неї, head service celebrated by the Rev. -
79115331.Pdf
Viktor Niitsoo VASTUPANU 1955-1985 Viktor Niitsoo VASTUPANU 1955-1985 TARTU ÜLIKOOLI KIRJASTUS Keeletoimetaja Katrin Raid Kaane kujundanud Peeter Paasmäe © Viktor Niitsoo, 1997 ISBN 9985-56-281- Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus Tiigi 78, Tartu, EE-2400 Kaas: Postimehe reprokeskus/ Tõravere Trükikoda Trükk: OÜ Greif Köide: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastuse trükikoda Tellimus nr. 336 Sisukord EESSÕNA 7 VASTUPANULIIKUMINE AASTAIL 1955-1962 13 Kotkad 20 Eesti Vabariigi Noorte Partisanide Põrandaalune Komitee 24 Kuperjanovlaste Salk 27 Noorte Kuperjanovlaste Salk 29 Eesti Noorte Malev 30 Vabad Eestlased 35 Roheline Kolmnurk 36 Ühinenud Eestimaa Pojad 38 Eesti Vabadusvõitlejate Liit 39 Keskstaap Eesti Vabadusrinde Olemasolu Eest 43 Eesti Rahvuslaste Liit 45 VASTUPANULIIKUMINE AASTAIL 1968-1975 55 Profašistlikud noorterühmitused 67 Üksik võitleja Sven Kreek 72 Demokraatlikud liikumised 75 VASTUPANULIIKUMINE AASTAIL 1977-1985 99 1980. aasta noorterahutusedja "Neljakümne kiri" 108 Kirik vastupanuliikumises 112 Vastupanuliikumine tuleb põranda alt välja 117 Helsingi-grupi loomise katse. Eesti—Läti—Leedu Rahvusliikumiste Peakomitee 126 Ühemeheavaldustest kollektiivsete märgukirjadeni Poliitilised kohtuprotsessid 140 VIITED 158 KASUTATUD ALLIKAD JA KIRJANDUS 173 LISAD 180 INDEKS 200 Eessõna Vahetult pärast Eesti okupeerimist ja annekteerimist Nõukogude Liidu poolt 1940. aasta juunis algas eesti rahva vastupanu võõr võimule, mis kestis katkematult kuni Eesti iseseisvuse taastamise ni 1991. aasta augustis. Esialgu väljendus see passiivses vastu seisus Eestis läbiviidavate -
Abn Correspondence Bulletin of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations
FREEDOM FOR NATIONS ! CORRESPONDENCE FREEDOM FOR INDIVIDUALS! JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1989 CONTENTS: Carolling Ukrainian-Style ....................... 2 The Autobiography of Levko Lukyanenko ..................... 3 European Freedom Council Meeting ..............................16 Statement of the European Freedom Council .............. 16 Hon. John Wilkinson, M.P. Eastern European Policy for Western Europe .............. 19 Genevieve Aubry, M.P. Is Switzerland Ready for a New Challenge with the European Nations .......................... 26 Sir Frederic Bennett Can the Soviet Russian Empire Survive? ....................... 31 Bertil Haggman Aiding the Forces of Freedom in the Soviet Empire ................................... 34 Ukrainian Christian Democratic Front Holds Inaugural Meeting ........... 40 David Remnick Ukraine Could be Soviets’ Next Trouble Spot ..............41 Bohdan Nahaylo Specter of the Empire Haunts the Soviet Union ..........45 Appeal to the Russian Intelligentsia ......... ......................47 Freedom for Nations! Freedom for Individuals! ABN CORRESPONDENCE BULLETIN OF THE ANTI-BOLSHEVIK BLOC OF NATIONS Publisher and Owner (Verleger und Inha It is not our practice to pay for contribut ber): American Friends of the Anti-Bolshevik ed materials. Reproduction permitted only Bloc of Nations (AF ABN), 136 Second Avenue, with indication of source (ABN Corr.). New York, N.Y. 10003, USA. Annual subscription: 27 Dollars in the Zweigstelle Deutschland: A. Dankiw, USA, and the equivalent of 27 US Dollars in Zeppelinstr. 67, 8000 München 80. all other countries. Remittances to Deutsche Editorial Staff: Board of Editors Bank, Munich, Neuhauser Str. 6, Account Editor-in-Chief: Mrs. Slava Stetsko, M.A. No. 3021003, Anna Dankiw. Zeppelinstr. 67 Schriftleitung: Redaktionskollegium. 8000 München 80 Verantw. Redakteur Frau Slava Stetzko. West Germany Zeppelinstraße 67 Articles signed with name or pseudonym 8000 München 80 do not necessarily reflect the Editor’s opinion, Telefon: 48 25 32 but that of the author. -
Rein Taagepera, University of California, Irvine
ESTONIA IN SEPTEMBER 1988: STALINISTS, CENTRISTS AND RESTORATIONISTS Rein Taagepera, University of California, Irvine The situation in Estonia is changing beyond recognition by the month. A paper I gave in late April on this topic needed serious updating for an encore in early June and needs a complete rewrite now, in early September 1988.x By the rime it reaches the readers, the present article will be outdated, too. Either liberalization will have continued far beyond the present stage or a brutal back- lash will have cut it short. Is the scholar reduced to merely chronicling events? Not quite. There are three basic political currents that took shape a year ago and are likely to continue throughout further liberalization and even a crackdown. This framework will help to add analytical perspective to the chronicling. Political Forces in Soviet Estonia Broadly put, three political forces are vying for prominence in Estonia: Stalinists who want to keep the Soviet empire intact, perestroika-minded cen- trists whose goal is Estonia's sovereignty within a loose Soviet confederation, and restorationists who want to reestablish the pre-WWII Republic of Estonia. All three have appreciable support within the republic population. In many cases the same person is torn among all three: Emotionally he might yearn for the independence of the past, rationally he might hope only for a gradual for- marion of something new, and viscerally he might try to hang on to gains made under the old rules. (These gains include not only formal careers but much more; for instance, a skillful array of connections to obtain scarce consumer goods, lovingly built over a long time, would go to waste in an economy of plenty.) 1. -
Integrating the Central European Past Into a Common Narrative: the Mobilizations Around the ’Crimes of Communism’ in the European Parliament Laure Neumayer
Integrating the Central European Past into a Common Narrative: the mobilizations around the ’crimes of Communism’ in the European Parliament Laure Neumayer To cite this version: Laure Neumayer. Integrating the Central European Past into a Common Narrative: the mobiliza- tions around the ’crimes of Communism’ in the European Parliament. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2015, Transnational Memory Politics in Europe: Interdisciplinary Approaches 23 (3), pp.344-363. 10.1080/14782804.2014.1001825. hal-01355450 HAL Id: hal-01355450 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01355450 Submitted on 23 Aug 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Integrating the Central European Past into a Common Narrative: the mobilizations around the ‘crimes of Communism’ in the European Parliament LAURE NEUMAYER Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne and Institut Universitaire de France, France ABSTRACT: After the Cold War, a new constellation of actors entered transnational European assemblies. Their interpretation of European history, which was based on the equivalence of the two ‘totalitarianisms’, Stalinism and Nazism, directly challenged the prevailing Western European narrative constructed on the uniqueness of the Holocaust as the epitome of evil. -
The Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics
FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : The Helsinki Watch Committees i n the Soviet Republics : Implica - tions for Soviet Nationalit y Policy AUTHOR : Yaroslav Bilinsky T8nu Parmin g CONTRACTOR : University of Delawar e PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Yaroslav Bilinsk y COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 621- 9 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or in part from funds provided by the National Council for Sovie t and East European Research . Yaroslav Bilinsky (University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA ) Tönu Parmin g (University of Maryland, College Park, ND 20742, USA ) HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR SOVIETY NATIONALITY POLICY * Paper presented at Second World Congres s on Soviet and East European Studies , Garmisch-Partenkirchen, German Federal Republic , September 30 - October 4, 198 0 *This paper is based on the authors' longer study, The Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics : Implications for the Sovie t Nationality Question, which was supported in whole or in part fro m funds provided by the National Council for Soviet and East Europea n Research, under Council Contract Number 621-9 . Travel to Garmisch- Partenkirchen has been--in Bilinsky's case—made possible by grant s from the American Council of Learned Societies and the University o f Delaware . The authors would like to thank their benefactors an d explicitly stress that the authors alone are responsible for th e contents of this paper . 2 Unexpectedly, within two years of the signing by the Sovie t Union, the United States, Canada, and thirty-two European states , of the long and solemn Final Act of the Conference on Security an d Cooperation in Europe in Helsinki, August l, 1975, there sprang u p as many as five groups of Soviet dissenters claiming that th e Helsinki Final Act justified their existence and activity . -
14426 Hon. Paul E. Kanjorski Hon. Ike Skelton
14426 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS, Vol. 152, Pt. 11 July 13, 2006 Vladimir Bukovsky—Cambridge Univer- Michael McFaul—Stanford University, US; intendent of the Wyoming Valley West School sity, UK; Alan Mendoza—Executive Director, Henry District. Leos Carax—Film director, France; Jackson; Society, UK; Mr. Piazza received his Bachelor of Science Patrice Che´reau—Film and theater direc- Marianne Mikko—Member, European Par- tor, France; liament, Estonia; degree from Mansfield University and his Mas- Daniel Cohn-Bendit—Member, European; Tim Montgomerie—Editor, ter of Science degree from Wilkes University. Parliament, Germany; ConservativeHome.com; His post-graduate work includes principal cer- Pierre Daix—Writer, France; Martin Palousˇ—Permanent Czech Repub- tification and a superintendent’s letter of eligi- Prof. Nicholas Daniloff—Northeastern Uni- lic; Representative to the United Nations; bility from Temple University. versity, US; former Czech Ambassador to the US; Mr. Piazza began his career with Wyoming Ruth Daniloff—Writer, US; Carlo di Pamparato—Children of Chechnya Valley West School District in 1971. Over the Fertilio Dario—Comitatus libertates; Action; Relief Mission (CCHARM), UK; past 35 years, Mr. Piazza has taught elemen- Franco Debennedetti—Senator, Italy; Richard Pipes—Harvard University, US; Martin Dewhirst—University of Glasgow, Daniel Pipes—Writer, US; tary grades ranging from kindergarten through Scotland; Daniel Pletka—American Enterprise Insti- sixth grade in subject areas including mathe- Freimut Duve—Former member of the Ger- tute (AEI), US; matics, social studies and reading. man Bundestag; Organisation for Security Oksana Ragazzi—UK; He was an instructional support specialist, and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Rep- Josep Ramoneda—Philosopher, Center of head teacher and department chairperson. -
Implementation of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe: Findings and Recommendations Five Years After Helsinki
96th Congress)l 2d Session I COMMITTEE PRINT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FINAL ACT OF THE CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE: FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FIVE YEARS AFTER HELSINKI REPORT SUBMrI'I'FD '1'O TIIE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES BY TIIE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE AUGUST 1, 1980 L'rinited for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation In Europe U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 6l-2119 0 WASHINGTON: 1980 For sale by the Supnrintendent of Doeciuments, U.S. Government Printing Office Wnshington. D.C. 20402 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION INEUROPE ROOM 3281, HOUSE ANNEX #2 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515 REP. DANTE B. FASCELL, FLORIDA, CHAIRMAN SEN. CLAIBORNE PELL, RHODE ISLAND, CO-CHAIRMAN SEN. GEORGE MCGOVERN, SO. DAKOTA REP. SIDNEY YATES, ILLINOIS SEN. PATRICK LEAHY, VERMONT REP. JONATHAN BINGHAM, NEW YORK SEN. RICHARD STONE, FLORIDA REP. PAUL SIMON, ILLINOIS SEN. JACOB JAVITS, NEW YORK REP. JOHN BUCHANAN, ALABAMA SEN. ROBERT DOLE, KANSAS REP. MILLICENT FENWICK, NEW JERSEY EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS PATRICIA DERIAN, DEPARTMENT OF STATE DAVID MCGIFFERT, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HERTA SEIDMAN, DEPARTMENT UF COMMERCE COMMISSION STAFF R. SPENCER OLIVER, STAFF DIRECTOR AND GENERAL COUNSEL SAMUEL G. WISE, DEPUTY STAFF DIRECTOR BARBARA BLACKBURN, SECRETARY BETH KNISLEY, PRESS OFFICER WARD BONDURANT, INTERN NEIL KRITZ, INTERN GEORGE BOUTIN, SENIOR CONSULTANT SUSAN PEDERSON, STAFF ASS'T CHRISTOPHER BRESCIA, STAFF ASS'T PAULA PENNINGTON, OFFICE MAN. DEBORAH BURNS, ADMINISTRATIVE ASS'T YALE RICHMOND, SENIOR CONSULTANT CATHERINE COSMAN, STAFF ASSISTANT MARTIN SLETZINGER, STAFF ASS'T LYNNE DAVIDSON, STAFF ASSISTANT KATE STILLMAN, STAFF ASSISTANT MEG DONOVAN, STAFF ASSISTANT CAROL VAN VOORST, STAFF Ass' T (II?; LETTERS OF SUBMITTAL Commission-on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Congress of the United States, Washington, D.C., August 1, 1980.