Democratic Transition Guide
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UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Citizens' Peace Movement in the Soviet Baltic Republics Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kk0x6vm Journal Journal of Peace Research, 23(2) ISSN 0022-3433 Author Taagepera, R Publication Date 1986 DOI 10.1177/002234338602300208 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Citizens’ Peace Movement in the Soviet Baltic Republics* REIN TAAGEPERA School of Social Sciences, University of California A citizens’ peace movement emerged in the Soviet Baltic republics in January 1980, when about 23 Lithuanians, Estonians, and Latvians signed an antiwar declaration in the wake of Soviet military in- volvement in Afghanistan. The concern for peace was intertwined with, but distinct from, concerns for national autonomy, civil rights, and ecology. The movement culminated with a proposal in October 1981 that the Baltic republics be enclosed in the Nordic Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone. This proposal was signed by 38 Latvians, Lithuanians, and Estonians, in response to Brezhnev’s offer to consider some NWFZ-related measures ’applicable to our own territory’. At least five of the signatories have been jailed since then, and at least in one case the NWFZ proposal figured among the most incriminating char- ges. Despite some remaining problems of wording, the Baltic Letter on the NWFZ represented a major advance from uncompromising declaratory dissent toward advocacy of specific and negotiable mea- sures. The Baltic action preceded and partly inspired the formation of the now-defunct citizens’ peace group in Moscow, 1982. The demand for inclusion of the Baltic republics in the Nordic NWFZ was re- peated in a December 1983 letter by unnamed Estonian Peace Supporters to the Stockholm disarmament conference, in a rather declaratory style. -
Globalisation, Drugs and Criminalisation
Final Research Report on Brazil, China, India and Mexico http://www.unesco.org/most/globalisation/drugs_1.htm DRUGS AND CRIMINALISATION Contents Scientific co-ordination: Christian Geffray, Guilhem Fabre and Michel Schiray Research Team: Roberto Araújo, Luis Astorga, Gabriel Britto, Molly Charles, A.A. Das, Guilhem Fabre, Christian Geffray, Sandra Goulart, Laurent Laniel, Lia Osorio Machado, Guaracy Mingardi, K. S. Naïr, Michel Schiray, Regine Schönenberg, Alba Zaluar, and Deng Zhenlai. GLOBALISATION, The UNESCO/MOST Secretariat Executive Secretary of the MOST Programme: Ali Kazancigil Project Coordinator: Carlos Milani Assistant Project Coordinator: Chloé Keraghel Graphic design : Nicolas Bastien - Paul Gilonne/Sparrow //Marseille/France CD-ROM EDITION General Index TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary Part 1: Drug Trafficking and the State Part 2: Drug Trafficking, Criminal Organisations and Money Laundering Part 3: Social and Cultural Dimensions of Drug Trafficking Part 4: Methodological, Institutional and Policy Dimensions of the Research on Drug Trafficking: Lessons and Contributions from France and the United States 1 General Index Executive summary TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary About the authors and the project team, 1. In memory of Christian Geffray, 3. Presentation of the Project, 4. by Ali Kazancigil and Carlos Milani Main Outcomes, 7. Publications, Conferences, Seminars and UNESCO Chairs Main findings, 11. Abstracts of the articles, 11. General Introduction, 19. Research on Drug Trafficking, Economic Crime and Their Economic and Social Consequences: preliminary contributions to formulate recommendations for national and international public control policies by Christian Geffray, Michel Schiray and Guilhem Fabre 2 executive Summary Part 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1: Drug Trafficking and the State Introduction: Drug Trafficking and the State, by Christian Geffray, 1. -
UNODC Ethiopia Annual Progress Report 2020
2020 Annual Progress Report • 1 Contents Contents 2 Abbreviations 3 1. Summary and Context of the Action 4 1.1. Project Objective 4 1.2. Contextual Analysis 4 1.3. Key Partners 6 1.4. Results Snapshot: Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning 6 2. Summary of Achievements 7 3. Results achieved and activities undertaken 9 3.1. Criminal Justice and Integrity 10 3.2. Transnational Organised Crime 23 3.3. Transformation, Peace and Security 26 3.4. Violence against Women and Children 28 3.5. Youth Engagement 30 3.6. Certificates of Achievement 31 3.7. From crisis to recovery: UNODC Ethiopia joins the global Jerusalema Challenge 32 3.8. Donor Outreach 33 4. Challenges and Opportunities 33 5. Meet the Team 34 6. Acknowledgements 38 7. Donor Information 39 Annexes Annex 1: Programme Results 40 Annex 2: Unofficial Data Released Prisoners as part of COVID response 47 Annex 3: 2021 Training Schedule 49 2 • 2020 Annual Progress Report Abbreviations AACRRC Addis Ababa Children’s Rehabilitation and Remand Center BMM Better Migration Management FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FOAG Federal Office of the Attorney General GBV Gender Based Violence GIZ Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit ICTS Information and Communications Technology Systems IEC Information, Education and Communication IOM International Organisation for Migration MOP Ministry of Peace OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights ROEA Regional Office for Eastern Africa SoM Smuggling of Migrants TiP Trafficking in Persons UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNWomen United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women VAWG Violence Against Women and Girls VAC Violence Against Children VAWC Violence Against Women and Children 2020 Annual Progress Report • 3 1. -
National Report of Argentina for the 8Th Review Meeting
CONTENTS GLOSSARY VII INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. General concepts 1 1.2. National policy in the nuclear field 2 1.3. National program corresponding to nuclear installations 2 1.4. Summary of the main subjects contained in the Report 3 1.4.1. Actions taken in the light of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident 4 1.4.1.1. External events 6 1.4.1.2. Loss of safety functions 6 1.4.1.3. Severe accident management 7 1.4.1.4. Emergency preparedness 7 1.4.2. Compliance with the principles of the Vienna Declaration 8 1.4.2.1. New design of nuclear power plants 8 1.4.2.2. Safety reviews for existing nuclear powers plants 9 1.4.2.2.1. Periodic Safety Review 9 1.4.2.2.2. Stress Test 10 1.4.2.2.3. Operating Experience Feedback 10 1.4.2.3. National requirements and standards 10 CHAPTER 2 – FOLLOW-UP FROM THE SEVENTH REVIEW MEETING 11 2.1. Challenge 1: The Regulatory Authority to prepare and host the IRRS Mission in 2018 11 2.2. Challenge 2: Salto Mission to Atucha I 11 2.3. Challenge 3: Resolution of issues with Atucha I and II RPV in-vessel retention and 12 external cooling arising from foro stress tests 2.4. Challenge 4: The Regulatory Authority to conduct licensing activities on CAREM 25 12 Small Modular Prototype Reactor under construction following principle 1 of the VDNS 2.5. Challenge 5: External Emergency Control Centre located far from Embalse NPP 13 2.6. -
Oecd Review of the Statistical System and Official
2 Table of contents INTRODUCTION: THE ORIGIN, PREPARATION AND CONDUCT OF THIS REVIEW 5 CHAPTER 1: THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ARGENTINA’S STATISTICS 8 CHAPTER 2. STATISTICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 35 1. Introduction 35 2. Population, household and housing census, and population register 35 3. Statistical Population Register 40 4. International Standards and Classifications 41 5. Economic Census 45 6. Statistical Business Register 46 7. Census of Agriculture 49 CHAPTER 3. NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND PUBLIC SECTOR DEBT STATISTICS 53 1. Introduction 53 2. Non-financial national accounts statistics 53 3. Financial national accounts statistics 66 4. Public Sector Debt statistics 68 5. Supply-and-use tables 72 CHAPTER 4. PRICE STATISTICS 75 1. Introduction 75 2. Consumer Price index and Producer Price Index 75 3. Residential Property Price Index (RPPI) 85 CHAPTER 5. STRUCTURAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC BUSINESS STATISTICS 86 1. Introduction 86 2. OECD data and metadata requirements for SDBS 86 3. Evaluation of SDBS data of Argentina 88 4. Overall assessment and recommendations 91 CHAPTER 6. INDICES OF PRODUCTION AND DEMAND - REAL INDICATORS 93 1. Introduction 93 2. OECD Data and Metadata Requirements for indices of production and demand 93 3. Evaluation of indices of production and demand of Argentina 95 4. Overall assessment and recommendations 98 CHAPTER 7. INTERNATIONAL TRADE BY COMMODITY STATISTICS (ITCS) AND TRADE BY ENTERPRISE CHARACTERISTICS (TEC) 100 1. International Trade by Commodity Statistics (ITCS) 100 2. Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (TEC) 106 CHAPTER 8. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES STATISTICS 110 1. Introduction 110 2. OECD Data and Metadata Requirements for Balance of Payments Statistics and International Trade in Services Statistics 110 3. -
Article Intelligence Sector Reforms in Romania: a Scorecard
Intelligence Sector Reforms in Romania: A Article Scorecard Lavinia Stan Marian Zulean St. Francis Xavier University, Canada University of Bucharest, Romania [email protected] Abstract Since 1989, reforms have sought to align the Romanian post-communist intelligence community with its counterparts in established democracies. Enacted reluctantly and belatedly at the pressure of civil society actors eager to curb the mass surveillance of communist times and international partners wishing to rein in Romania’s foreign espionage and cut its ties to intelligence services of non-NATO countries, these reforms have revamped legislation on state security, retrained secret agents, and allowed for participation in NATO operations, but paid less attention to oversight and respect for human rights. Drawing on democratization, transitional justice, and security studies, this article evaluates the capacity of the Romanian post-communist intelligence reforms to break with communist security practices of unchecked surveillance and repression and to adopt democratic values of oversight and respect for human rights. We discuss the presence of communist traits after 1989 (seen as continuity) and their absence (seen as discontinuity) by offering a wealth of examples. The article is the first to evaluate security reforms in post- communist Romania in terms of their capacity to not only overhaul the personnel and operations inherited from the Securitate and strengthen oversight by elected officials, but also make intelligence services respectful of basic human rights. Introduction Since transitioning away from communist dictatorship in 1989, Romania has become a liberal democracy and a member of the European Union (EU) and NATO. As elsewhere in Central and Eastern Europe where the communist secret police had conducted repression, in Romania the backbone of democratization was represented by reforms of the intelligence community, understood to comprise all of the intelligence services operating in the country. -
Organized Crime and the Russian State Challenges to U.S.-Russian Cooperation
Organized Crime and the Russian State Challenges to U.S.-Russian Cooperation J. MICHAEL WALLER "They write I'm the mafia's godfather. It was Vladimir Ilich Lenin who was the real organizer of the mafia and who set up the criminal state." -Otari Kvantrishvili, Moscow organized crime leader.l "Criminals Nave already conquered the heights of the state-with the chief of the KGB as head of a mafia group." -Former KGB Maj. Gen. Oleg Kalugin.2 Introduction As the United States and Russia launch a Great Crusade against organized crime, questions emerge not only about the nature of joint cooperation, but about the nature of organized crime itself. In addition to narcotics trafficking, financial fraud and racketecring, Russian organized crime poses an even greater danger: the theft and t:rafficking of weapons of mass destruction. To date, most of the discussion of organized crime based in Russia and other former Soviet republics has emphasized the need to combat conven- tional-style gangsters and high-tech terrorists. These forms of criminals are a pressing danger in and of themselves, but the problem is far more profound. Organized crime-and the rarnpant corruption that helps it flourish-presents a threat not only to the security of reforms in Russia, but to the United States as well. The need for cooperation is real. The question is, Who is there in Russia that the United States can find as an effective partner? "Superpower of Crime" One of the greatest mistakes the West can make in working with former Soviet republics to fight organized crime is to fall into the trap of mirror- imaging. -
Policing the Pandemic
Funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union Policing the Pandemic Authors: Liz Aston, José A. Brandariz, Dorota Czerwinska, Sofie De Kimpe, Jacques de Maillard, Istvan Hoffman, Megan O’Neil, Mike Rowe, Randi Solhjell. Overview and purpose This paper presents lessons learned from a quick review of the experience of policing the pandemic in European states. Reflecting on this experience, the paper presents lessons and recommendations for the policing of any future second wave or future pandemic. Background These are very difficult times for policing and the police. The COVID-19 virus caused a pandemic that demanded unprecedented measures in the field of medical and social order. "In this moment of rapid transition, the reproduction of order is in question, the management of risk is tenuous and the governance of security paramount." (Sheptycki, 2020, p.2) According to James Sheptycki, for the first time we can speak of a global policing event, though actual responses have tended to be national and to reinforce borders as a first line of defence against the virus. In response to the current COVID- 19 public health crisis, European states have introduced measures to close workplaces, to limit the movement of people and to require or encourage social distancing. The ways in which these measures have been formulated and enforced vary from one country to the next and, in many cases, from one town to another. Within this varied picture, we note an increased use of police authority to stop persons, to check their identity and, where appropriate, to search their person, as this is probably the most used police measure to enforce the requested social distance. -
Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts, Components and Ammunition To, from and Across the European Union
Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union REGIONAL ANALYSIS REPORT 1 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2020 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union REGIONAL ANALYSIS REPORT UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2020 © United Nations, 2020. All rights reserved, worldwide. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copy- right holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any written output that uses this publication as a source at [email protected]. DISCLAIMERS This report was not formally edited. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC, nor do they imply any endorsement. Information on uniform resource locators and links to Internet sites contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issuance. The United Nations takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website. This document was produced with the financial support of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect -
Morris Childs Papers
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf896nb2v4 No online items Register of the Morris Childs papers Finding aid prepared by Lora Soroka and David Jacobs Hoover Institution Archives 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA, 94305-6010 (650) 723-3563 [email protected] © 1999 Register of the Morris Childs 98069 1 papers Title: Morris Childs papers Date (inclusive): 1924-1995 Collection Number: 98069 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Archives Language of Material: English and Russian Physical Description: 2 manuscript boxes, 35 microfilm reels(4.3 linear feet) Abstract: Correspondence, reports, notes, speeches and writings, and interview transcripts relating to Federal Bureau of Investigation surveillance of the Communist Party, and the relationship between the Communist Party of the United States and the Soviet communist party and government. Includes some papers of John Barron used as research material for his book Operation Solo: The FBI's Man in the Kremlin (Washington, D.C., 1996). Hard-copy material also available on microfilm (2 reels). Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Creator: Childs, Morris, 1902-1991. Contributor: Barron, John, 1930-2005. Location of Original Materials J. Edgar Hoover Foundation (in part). Access Collection is open for research. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copies of audiovisual items, computer media, and digital files. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos, films, or digital files during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all material is immediately accessible. -
The Ukrainian Weekly 1989
ubiished by the Ukrainian National Association Inc.. -J I c. a fraternal non-profit associitiori| rainian H V Vol. LVII No. 22 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 28, 1989 50 cents USSR national-democratic movements'Congress of People's Deputies convenes western representatives meet in ParisUkrainia n faithful in Moscow PARIS - Twenty two Western the signatories write: representatives of national-democratic "We fully share your democratic raise Catholic Church issue movements of various nationalities in aspirations and deem it our principal MOSCOW - More than 400 faithful memorial service at the hotel, Revolu the USSR met here on May 6-11 and task to support the demands of demo took part in a Ukrainian Catholic tion Plaza and Karl Marx Street, called formed a mutual Coordinating Center, cracy and independence. moleben in front of the Moskva Hotel for the legalization of the Ukrainian called Democracy and Independence, "Coming from the possibilities of the on Thursday morning. May 25, as Catholic Church in the Soviet Union. A to support the movements' ideas and democratic world in which we live, we newly elected ministers to the Congress delegation of 150 to 200 Ukrainians activities. establish as our goal to assist in your of People's Deputies filed past them on from western Ukraine, among them Mr. According to a May 11 statement, the fight to win freedom for our nations." their way to the first session of this Неї, took part in a two-and-a-half coordinating center was organized at Four former Ukrainian political parliament, according to Ivan Неї, head service celebrated by the Rev. -
Corruption, Violence and Gender 1
Corruption, Violence and Gender 1 Corruption, Violence and Gender A critical look at police behaviour and a path to reform in Cambodia Elizabeth Johnson 2 Corruption, Violence and Gender Corruption, Violence and Gender 3 This paper was presented at the 23rd World Congress of Political Science, International Political Science Association (IPSA), 19 July 2014, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Written by Elizabeth Johnson 4 Corruption, Violence and Gender Corruption, Violence and Gender 5 ©Krishan Rajapakshe 6 Corruption, Violence and Gender Corruption, Violence and Gender 7 Abstract I. Introduction A country still transitioning to democracy, Cambodia needs a reliable police force Cambodia has made significant development gains since the 1991 Peace Agreements to uphold the rule of law and instill confidence in the governance system among the were signed, following decades of turmoil.1 Greater numbers of children are accessing country’s people. To this end, significant donor and government resources have been primary education.2 The rate of diseases including tuberculosis and malaria has fallen.3 spent for initiatives creating new institutional rules and providing police training to boost The economy is growing at an annual rate of 7 per cent.4 capacity. In reality however, the police force is still perceived as one of the country’s most corrupt institutions. Moreover, acts of police brutality against civilians continue to occur, Despite these achievements, democracy remains limited.5 The institutions necessary to demonstrated during recent land eviction protests and demonstrations following the re- uphold a democratic system have insufficient capacity, resources and expertise.6 In par- lease of the highly contested results of the 28 July 2013 national election.