DOCSLIB.ORG

Yale University Library Digital Repository Contact Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Yale University Library Digital Repository Contact Information Yale University Library Digital Repository Collection Name: Henry A. Kissinger papers, part II Series Title: Series I. Early Career and Harvard University Box: 9 Folder: 21 Folder Title: Brandt, Willy Persistent URL: http://yul-fi-prd1.library.yale.internal/catalog/digcoll:554986 Repository: Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library Contact Information Phone: (203) 432-1735 Email: [email protected] Mail: Manuscripts and Archives Sterling Memorial Library Sterling Memorial Library P.O. Box 208240 New Haven, CT 06520 Your use of Yale University Library Digital Repository indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use http://guides.library.yale.edu/about/policies/copyright Find additional works at: http://yul-fi-prd1.library.yale.internal February 4, 1959 Mayor Willy Brandt Berlin ;ermany Dear Mayor Brandt: I returned to the United States a few days ago, and want to lose no time in thanking you for the extraordinary und interesting experience afforded to me in Berlin. It was of course a pleasure to have the chance to meet you. It seems to me that the courage and matter-of-factne$s of the Berliners should be an inspiration for the rest of the free world, and in this respect Berlin may well be the conscience of all of us. I want you to know that whatever I can do within my limited iowers here will U.) done. All good wishes and kind regards. ,Ancerely yours, iienryrt. Kissinger 2ZRI .4 xlsaldel Ibnala x1114; xamtneL abasme noyAM 11590 eydeb wel a ap.ts.ta be4inU ea pi benlidvi I ea lol pox anlAnadI n1 salt on pool od. /new bas ,oua (34 bebnolls eonsineqxe sni$eels.tni bag losnibPxotraxo ea evict ei image's s ea-woo lo asw it .nllnea n1 em •e woo etti Isa emoi amuse il .uox *sax oa itonsno as ed blmodu elentlesd ea lo ensniosl-lo.nsiJsa bas eta ni bas eenl ad/ lo $een eti loI Als lo Ils to soneiosnoo sa ed Ilew xsm 111110C Ioeqatm cm niditw ob as, I leveJsriw $s41.1 woni o.1 pox insw I .enob 111w vied emLewoki .ebns3sn balA bas aerielw boos 11A ,enuox laeleonle Iegabsea .A Tuidi L1 June 1, 1960 Mayor Willy Brandt Berlin Germany Dear Mayor Brandt: I am writing to thank you very much for sending me a copy of your publication on "Berlin's Impor- tance for Human Relations between Bast and West." I found it very interesting and informative. The situation in Berlin has been on my mind a great deal, and I want you to know that your efforts have my sympathy. With kind regards. Sincerely yours, Henry A. Kissinger AtiuLX yigseraws. 3T3C61.6T2l IOALSO ATM Ftriq LeRnqs. ▪ eXtubmcpo *en Xon co FMK cpwc %mix sttoLca puts peep au ma wog w excw; gesr sruci LPG eTCavrTou Tu EGLITu Pve • ratoLanTAws • AVIC*, tonne? TC AGO. rucnsecTuR cwuce Vat gnissu yerwcrous pwcasen goer X0111. brOpTTCIKTOU 00 iiRGITTV I S rab3X- A61.1 mncp ;cm asucguR ms e cob) °I ALTrrog co rpm* Ion Dews. maXos. pLirmqc: ceLmvul 861-T T" wwIoi MTI pLwaqr lnu6 r' raeo DER REGIERENDE BURGERMEISTER VON•BERLIN j_DBERLIN-SCHONEBERG, DEN Geschäftszeichen: 24 August 1962 RUDOLPH-WILDE-PLATZ FERNRUF: 71 02 61, APP. 33-5' Y (95) (nur Im Innenbetrieb) Professor Henry A. KISSINGER Ass. Director, Harvard Center for International Affairs 6 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge 38, Mass. /U.S.A. Iii Professor Kissiner, ee-\ I heard with particular pleasure that you are coming to Berlin from November 17th to 19th, 1962 on the occasion of the Third German-American Conference. I want to welcome you in advance to our city and am greatly looking forward to greeting you personally. The Conference program will leave you little time for looking around our city. It would therefore give me great if, after the close of the Conference, you would remain here an additional day as a guest of the Berlin Senate in order to gain a personal impression of the situation in our city since the erection of the Wall and also the progress made in rebuilding. II shall await your reply with the greatest interest, Sincerely yours, ( Willy Brandt ) . September 18, 1962 The donorable Willy Brandt Derlin-Schdnebers Rudolph-Wilde-Platz West merlin, Germany Raw Mayor Irma I am happy to accept your very nice in- vitation to stay an extra day in Berlin after the German-American Conference. look forward to hearing further details from you. With kind regards. Sincerely yours, Henry A. Kissinger op sol ,81 -.311 yilrw sidsloaoh orrf sislq -obi y.nairsa4) ,a11-1,11 ToitaK las4 --Ica 9212 NW, 21,a% ScAsail al vAsd ma I Is3la nitnissi via Anus as roe *2 1102362/v 4WINSVOIODD as:4171m.1smlo0 altslub sallised oi ly:sw=1 'loci I .uox wet .airsags2 4.1111 (aluoy Icials3nIt isgallal2 .A vast! WILLY BRANDT 1 Berlin 62 (Schöneberg), March 18, 1963 Rathaus Mr. Prof. Henry A. Kissinger Littauer Center Harvard University Cambridge, Mass. / USA Dear Professor Kissinger, The "BerlinBriefing" enclosed with this letter is the first of a series that will reach you and a few other friends. When you receive one you may be sure that it is well informed and intended to pass on thoughts that are of genuine concern to us herer I hope that these communications will become useful to you in your deeply valued efforts on behalf of Berlin. Sincerely yours, Etc3 BERLIN BRIEFING March 18, 1963 personal + The Berlin elections which brought an overwhelming victory to Willy Brandt's party, enabling him to create a new government in record time, will have important consequences for Berlin and, perhaps, for Germany. Willy Brandt has strengthened the executive arm of his government. The new Senate is younger, more prominent and probably more imaginative than the last. Brandt persuaded the renouned economist Karl Schiller to remain in Berlin as Senator for Economics, and one of German democracy's most impressive legal minds Adolf Arndt has joined the executive team as Senator for Scientific and Cultural Affairs. A reorganisation in City Hall brings the administration of security matters closer to the chief executive and provides a firmer basis for conducting viability planning. Heinrich Albertz, hitherto Senator for Internal Affairs, has become Brandt's debuty Mayor. The two men function well together; Albertz will relieve Brandt of many time-consuming routine chores. Willy Brandt wants more time for the major problems devolving on Berlin from the East-West conflict. The election returns reveal a clear-cut constellation of political opinion: SPD 61.0, CDU 284, FDP 7.9%, and a mere 01.4% for the communist SED. With only 20.889 votes left the communists have lost, since 1958, one- third of their following in West Berlin. Willy Brandt was elected to the legislature with the highest vote given to any candidate: 75.8$. Although the election results are clear, the meaning of the vote has been confused by some western commentators who exaggerated outside influences on the outcome or even implied, as the communists did in a desparate attempt to cover-up their defeat, that Berliners have gone "soft". Regarding "outside" influences, the Brussels development and the Bonn- Paris treaty did aggrevate the Berliners, who knew they were of one mind with Willy Brandt. However, these events - and criticism of de Gaulle - were not what cost the Berlin CDU so many votes. Since last Fall, and throughout the campaign, polls showed no basic change in the relative strength of the two major parties. Aggrevation over repeated government crises in Bonn did present the Berlin CDU with a serious handicap, but not necessarily an insurmountable one. Berliners are open-minded. The local CDU failed to make any headway with them in an up-hill fight because it chose to campaign in a style and with issues that were not convincing here. Perhaps the CDU's first mistake was to pose the issue as one of personal- ities without having a candidate who could rival Willy Brandt. Before the campaign West Berliners had a favorable impression of Franz Amrehn as a selfless debuty Mayor and loyal "Beamte". -2- But Amrehn and the CDU damaged this modestly advantageous image by the style of their attack on Willy Brandt: with slogans and dramatic stunts intending to show Brandt up as an adventurer with illusions. The climax was intended to be Amrehn's ultimatum threatening to break up the SPD/CDU coalition government if Brandt did not cancel his appointment with Khrushchev. West Berliners did not buy that. They feel protected under Willy Brandt's leadership. With hindsight a great many people here felt that Brandt should have seen Khrushchev anyway. But even his decision not to do so, with a shattered government at his back, was more evidence to Berliners that the CDU's charges were false: Brandt's behavior was in character as a dependable and as a democratic leader. West Berliners are realistic about the chances of opening the Wall and soon seeing relatives on the other side. The level of their expectations is rather low, but they do want reliable leaders to keep trying. When Willy Brandt tried, his coalition partner tripped him up. After that the CDU could only lose. Hitherto, Berlin resistance norms have required the democratic parties to agree on principle matters; the "great coalition" in Berlin between SPD and CDU lay under the sanctity of a taboo, and since the early days of the blockade there has, in consequence, never been a foreign-policy debate in the Berlin legislature. These standards are now being questioned. The coalition taboo is broken. When the CDU insisted on becoming the opposition, the SPD formed a new government with the FDP.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • German Jewish Refugees in the United States and Relationships to Germany, 1938-1988
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO “Germany on Their Minds”? German Jewish Refugees in the United States and Relationships to Germany, 1938-1988 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Anne Clara Schenderlein Committee in charge: Professor Frank Biess, Co-Chair Professor Deborah Hertz, Co-Chair Professor Luis Alvarez Professor Hasia Diner Professor Amelia Glaser Professor Patrick H. Patterson 2014 Copyright Anne Clara Schenderlein, 2014 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Anne Clara Schenderlein is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair _____________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2014 iii Dedication To my Mother and the Memory of my Father iv Table of Contents Signature Page ..................................................................................................................iii Dedication ..........................................................................................................................iv Table of Contents ...............................................................................................................v
    [Show full text]
  • John F. Kennedy and Berlin Nicholas Labinski Marquette University
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Master's Theses (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects Evolution of a President: John F. Kennedy and Berlin Nicholas Labinski Marquette University Recommended Citation Labinski, Nicholas, "Evolution of a President: John F. Kennedy and Berlin" (2011). Master's Theses (2009 -). Paper 104. http://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/104 EVOLUTION OF A PRESIDENT: JOHN F. KENNEDYAND BERLIN by Nicholas Labinski A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Milwaukee, Wisconsin August 2011 ABSTRACT EVOLUTION OF A PRESIDENT: JOHN F. KENNEDYAND BERLIN Nicholas Labinski Marquette University, 2011 This paper examines John F. Kennedy’s rhetoric concerning the Berlin Crisis (1961-1963). Three major speeches are analyzed: Kennedy’s Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Berlin Crisis , the Address at Rudolph Wilde Platz and the Address at the Free University. The study interrogates the rhetorical strategies implemented by Kennedy in confronting Khrushchev over the explosive situation in Berlin. The paper attempts to answer the following research questions: What is the historical context that helped frame the rhetorical situation Kennedy faced? What rhetorical strategies and tactics did Kennedy employ in these speeches? How might Kennedy's speeches extend our understanding of presidential public address? What is the impact of Kennedy's speeches on U.S. German relations and the development of U.S. and German Policy? What implications might these speeches have for the study and execution of presidential power and international diplomacy? Using a historical-rhetorical methodology that incorporates the historical circumstances surrounding the crisis into the analysis, this examination of Kennedy’s rhetoric reveals his evolution concerning Berlin and his Cold War strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • Mautner, Karl.Toc.Pdf
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project KARL F. MAUTNER Interviewed by: Thomas J. Dunnigan Initial interview date: May 12, 1993 opyright 1998 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Austria Austrian Army 1 35-1 36 Emigrated to US 1 40 US Army, World War II Berlin 1 45-1 5, Divided Berlin Soviet Blockade and US Airlift .urrency Reform- Westmark Elections, 01 4,1 Federal Basic 2a3 and Berlin East vs. West Berlin Revolt in East Berlin With Brandt and Other Personalities Bureau of .ultural Affairs - State Department 1 5,-1 61 European E5change Program Officer Berlin Task Force 1 61-1 65 Berlin Wall 6ice President 7ohnson8s visit to Berlin 9hartoum, Sudan 1 63-1 65 .hief of political Section Sudan8s North-South Rivalry .oup d8etat Department of State, Detailed to NASA 1 65 Negotiating Facilities Abroad Retirement 1 General .omments of .areer INTERVIEW %: Karl, my first (uestion to you is, give me your background. I understand that you were born in Austria and that you were engaged in what I would call political work from your early days and that you were active in opposition to the Na,is. ould you tell us something about that- MAUTNER: Well, that is an oversimplification. I 3as born on the 1st of February 1 15 in 6ienna and 3orked there, 3ent to school there, 3as a very poor student, and joined the Austrian army in 1 35 for a year. In 1 36 I got a job as accountant in a printing firm. I certainly couldn8t call myself an active opposition participant after the Anschluss.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: the Nuclear Crisis, NATO's Double-Track Decision
    Introduction Th e Nuclear Crisis, NATO’s Double-Track Decision, and the Peace Movement of the 1980s Christoph Becker-Schaum, Philipp Gassert, Martin Klimke, Wilfried Mausbach, and Marianne Zepp In the fall of 1983 more than a million people all across West Germany gathered under the motto “No to Nuclear Armament” to protest the imple- mentation of NATO’s Double-Track Decision of 12 December 1979 and the resulting deployment of Pershing II and cruise missiles in West Germany and other European countries.1 Th e media overfl owed with photos of human chains, sit-in blockades, and enormous protest rallies. Th e impressive range of protest events included street theater performances, protest marches, and blockades of missile depots. During the fi nal days of the campaign there were huge mass protests with several hundred thousand participants, such as the “Fall Action Week 1983” in Bonn on 22 October and a human chain stretching about 108 km from Ulm to Stuttgart. It seemed as if “peace” was the dominant theme all over Germany.2 Despite these protests, the West German Bundestag approved the missile deployment with the votes of the governing conservative coalition, thereby concluding one of the longest debates in German parliamentary history.3 A few days later the fi rst of the so-called Euromissiles were installed in Mut- langen, near Stuttgart, and in Sigonella, on the island of Sicily.4 Th e peace movement had failed to attain its short-term political aim. However, after a brief period of refl ection, the movement continued to mobilize masses of people for its political peace agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • Dem Berliner Ehrenbürger Richard Von Weizsäcker Zum Hundertsten
    Dem Berliner Ehrenbürger Richard von Weizsäcker zum Hundertsten Entgegen der Einbahnstraße – von Bonn nach Berlin Einen Pastor hatte Berlin mit Heinrich Albertz bereits als Regierenden Bürgermeister erlebt, wenn auch für die SPD und nur von Dezember 1966 bis September 1967. Der Überraschungsgast, der auf Einladung von Peter Lorenz und mit Empfehlungen von Helmut Kohl im September 1978 nach Berlin kommt, um sich für die CDU um dieses Amt zu bewerben, ist zum Bleiben entschlossen. Richard von Weizsäcker, 1964 Präsident des Evangelischen Kirchentages, Mitverfasser der Denkschrift der Evangelischen Kirche „Zur Lage der Vertriebenen und dem Verhältnis des deutschen Volkes zu seinen östlichen Nachbarn“, seit 1969 Mitglied des Bundestages, Anfang der siebziger Jahre Vorsitzender der Grundsatzprogramm-Kommission der CDU, Stellvertretender Vorsitzender der CDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktion und 1974 Kandidat für das Amt des Bundespräsidenten - dieser als Denker und Redner bundesweit bekannte Politiker ohne jede tatsächliche Macht will sich als Handelnder, als Entscheider, als Regierender bewähren – „statt immer nur herumzudenken“, wie er in einem Interview selbstironisch bekennt. Und entgegen dem Trend, Berlin Richtung Westen zu verlassen, zieht es ihn hierher. Der 58-Jährige beim Start zu einer neuen Karriere greift nach dem Stuhl von Ernst Reuter und Willy Brandt. Dabei hat er eine eigenwillige Vorstellung von der Bedeutung dieser Aufgabe. „Bei allem Respekt vor dem höchsten Amt im Staate, dem des Bundespräsidenten – das Amt des Regierenden Bürgermeisters von Berlin schätze ich höher ein.“ Berlin, Herbst 1978. Die Stadt ist – seit 1961 endgültig? – geteilt. Seit sechs Jahren gibt es dauerhaft 30 Tage jährlich Besuchsmöglichkeiten von West nach Ost, seit 14 Jahren für Rentner von Ost nach West jährlich bis zu vier Wochen.
    [Show full text]
  • Yale University Library Digital Repository Contact Information
    Yale University Library Digital Repository Collection Name: Henry A. Kissinger papers, part II Series Title: Series I. Early Career and Harvard University Box: 9 Folder: 21 Folder Title: Brandt, Willy Persistent URL: http://yul-fi-uat1.library.yale.internal/catalog/digcoll:554986 Repository: Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library Contact Information Phone: (203) 432-1735 Email: [email protected] Mail: Manuscripts and Archives Sterling Memorial Library Sterling Memorial Library P.O. Box 208240 New Haven, CT 06520 Your use of Yale University Library Digital Repository indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use http://guides.library.yale.edu/about/policies/copyright Find additional works at: http://yul-fi-uat1.library.yale.internal February 4, 1959 Mayor Willy Brandt Berlin ;ermany Dear Mayor Brandt: I returned to the United States a few days ago, and want to lose no time in thanking you for the extraordinary und interesting experience afforded to me in Berlin. It was of course a pleasure to have the chance to meet you. It seems to me that the courage and matter-of-factne$s of the Berliners should be an inspiration for the rest of the free world, and in this respect Berlin may well be the conscience of all of us. I want you to know that whatever I can do within my limited iowers here will U.) done. All good wishes and kind regards. ,Ancerely yours, iienryrt. Kissinger 2ZRI .4 xlsaldel Ibnala x1114; xamtneL abasme noyAM 11590 eydeb wel a ap.ts.ta be4inU ea pi benlidvi I ea lol pox anlAnadI n1 salt on pool od.
    [Show full text]
  • Address Given by Willy Brandt to the Bundestag on the Building of the Berlin Wall (Bonn, 18 August 1961)
    Address given by Willy Brandt to the Bundestag on the building of the Berlin Wall (Bonn, 18 August 1961) Caption: On 18 November 1961, Willy Brandt, Governing Mayor of Berlin, addresses the Bundestag and denounces the building of the Berlin Wall and the violation by the Soviet Union of the city’s four-power status. Source: Verhandlungen des deutschen Bundestages. 3. Wahlperiode. 167. Sitzung vom 18. August 1961. Stenographische Berichte. Hrsg. Deutscher Bundestag und Bundesrat. 1961, Nr. 49. Bonn. "Rede von Willy Brandt", p. 9773-9777. Copyright: (c) Translation CVCE.EU by UNI.LU All rights of reproduction, of public communication, of adaptation, of distribution or of dissemination via Internet, internal network or any other means are strictly reserved in all countries. Consult the legal notice and the terms and conditions of use regarding this site. URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/address_given_by_willy_brandt_to_the_bundestag_on_the _building_of_the_berlin_wall_bonn_18_august_1961-en-8c749afa-e8ac-4840-ac25- 3568a2d1a4d9.html Last updated: 05/07/2016 1/7 Address given by Willy Brandt to the Bundestag on the building of the Berlin Wall (Bonn, 18 August 1961) Brandt, Governing Mayor of Berlin (greeted with applause by the SPD): Mr Speaker, ladies and gentlemen, it is fairly rare for a component part of the Bundesrat to address this House. The fact that I appear before you today on behalf of the State of Berlin is a reflection of the extraordinary position in which we now find ourselves. It is not just Berlin that concerns us here, it is the cold menace which has settled over the other part of Germany and the Eastern sector of my city, as it once did over Hungary: you have all seen the pictures of the barbed wire, concrete posts and concrete walls, the tanks, the tank traps and the troops in full battle gear.
    [Show full text]
  • Deutscheallgemeınezeitung
    Общая Немецкая Газета DeutscheAllgemeıneZseit 1966eitung DIE DEUTSCH-RUSSISCHE WOCHENZEITUNG IN ZENTRALASIEN 07. bis 13. August 2009 Nr. 31/8391 Glühbirne Schritt für Schritt schaff t die Europäische Union die klassi- schen Glühbirnen ab – Desi- gner protestieren. 5 Hauptstadt Bild: http://idt-2009.de/ Berlin, die Weltmetropole der „Wenn die Deutschen sich nicht mehr für ihre Sprache engagieren, wird die Zahl der Deutschsprachigen weiter zurückgehen“, darin Gefühlsschwankungen – eine waren sich die Deutschlehrer aus 116 Ländern in Jena einig. Liebeserklärung von Autorin SPRACHPOLITIK Merle Hilbk. 9 DEUTSCHLEHRER FÜR MEHR DEUTSCH IM AUSLAND Sechs Tage lang diskutierten in der ersten Augustwoche rund 3.000 Deutschlehrer aus 116 Ländern über die Entwicklung der deutschen Sprache und die optimale Vermittlung von Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Die soll von deutschen Politikern im Ausland häufi ger gebraucht werden, fordern die Pädagogen. Der internationale Verband der Deutsch- Politiker und Wirtschaftsführer hätten dabei Sprachen. Rund 17 Millionen Ausländer lehrer hat deutsche Politiker aufgefordert, eine Vorbildfunktion – und oft sei das Deut- lernen Deutsch. Allerdings sei deren Zahl im Ausland öfter Deutsch zu sprechen. sche im Ausland die bessere Wahl: „Oft leiden in den vergangenen Jahren stark zurück- ЯЗЫК „Wenn die Deutschen bei offi ziellen Anläs- die Tiefe und die Klarheit der Gedanken, wenn gegangen. Немецкая республиканская sen im Ausland nicht ihre Muttersprache jemand versucht, die englische Sprache zu Besonders in Osteuropa, wo Deutsch benutzen, schaden sie der deutschen benutzen – ohne es zu können.“ lange stärker als Englisch gewesen sei, газета предлагает своим Sprache im Wettbewerb der Sprachen werde die deutsche Sprache zuneh- читателям возможность in einer globalen und mehrsprachigen Schwund in Osteuropa am größten mend verdrängt, sagte Hanuljaková.
    [Show full text]
  • Sowjetische Opfer Von Krieg Und Nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung in Der Bundesdeutschen Erinnerungskultur
    Jürgen Zarusky Sowjetische Opfer von Krieg und nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung in der bundesdeutschen Erinnerungskultur Am 10. September 1955 wurde Bundeskanzler Konrad Adenauer in Moskau scho­ nungslos mit einer Bilanz des nationalsozialistischen Vernichtungskrieges gegen die UdSSR konfrontiert. Von Millionen Opfern war die Rede, von Babij Jar, Mai­ danek und Auschwitz, von den deutschen Konzentrationslagern auf sowjetischem Boden, von Massenerschießungen in sowjetischen Städten und von zahllosen ver­ brannten Dörfern. Der sowjetische Ministerpräsident Bulganin reagierte mit die­ ser Auflistung deutscher Schandtaten auf Adenauers Forderung nach Freilassung der noch in sowjetischen Lagern einsitzenden deutschen Kriegsgefangenen, die von sowjetischen Gerichten als Kriegsverbrecher verurteilt worden waren.1 Der Kanzler bestritt nichts, wies aber darauf hin, dass, als die russischen Armeen – zu­ gestandenermaßen in der Gegenwehr – die deutschen Grenzen überschritten hät­ ten, „auch in Deutschland entsetzliche Dinge im Krieg vorgekommen sind“.2 Da­ mit rief er heftige Empörung bei seinen sowjetischen Gesprächspartnern hervor, die sich entschieden gegen die vermeintliche Gleichsetzung der nationalsozialisti­ schen Massenverbrechen mit der Kriegführung der Roten Armee verwahrten. Nur mit Mühe konnte Adenauer die von ihm ausgelöste Erregung dämpfen. Er betonte nachdrücklich, dass er in Hinblick auf das Kriegsende in Deutschland von „schrecklichen Dingen“ und nicht von „Verbrechen“ gesprochen habe.3 Zwar hatte Bulganin zum Auftakt der Begegnung gesagt, beide Völker hätten im Krieg großen Verluste erlitten,4 aber die Erfahrung des Vernichtungskriegs war so tief­ greifend und gegenwärtig, dass alles, was auf eine paritätische Deutung hinauszu­ laufen schien, auf geradezu reflexartigen Widerspruch stoßen musste. 1 Dokumente zur Deutschlandpolitik (DzD), III. Reihe, Band 1: 5. Mai bis 31. Dezember 1955. Bearbeitet von Ernst Deuerlein unter Mitwirkung von Hansjürgen Schierbaum.
    [Show full text]
  • Und Ostpolitik Der Ersten Großen Koalition in Der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1966-1969)
    Die Deutschland- und Ostpolitik der ersten Großen Koalition in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1966-1969) Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Martin Winkels aus Erkelenz Bonn 2009 2 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät Der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Zusammensetzung der Prüfungskommission Vorsitzender: PD Dr. Volker Kronenberg Betreuer: Hon. Prof. Dr. Michael Schneider Gutacher: Prof. Dr. Tilman Mayer Weiteres prüfungsberechtigtes Mitglied: Hon. Prof. Dr. Gerd Langguth Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 11.11.2009 Diese Dissertation ist auf dem Hochschulschriftenserver der ULB Bonn http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/diss_online elektonisch publiziert 3 Danksagung: Ich danke Herrn Professor Dr. Michael Schneider für die ausgezeichnete Betreuung dieser Arbeit und für die sehr konstruktiven Ratschläge und Anregungen im Ent- stehungsprozess. Ebenso danke ich Herrn Professor Dr. Tilman Mayer sehr dafür, dass er als Gutachter zur Verfügung gestanden hat. Mein Dank gilt auch den beiden anderen Mitgliedern der Prüfungskommission, Herrn PD Dr. Volker Kronenberg und Herrn Prof. Dr. Gerd Langguth. 4 Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung 7 1. Der Beginn der Außenpolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ab 1949 und 23 die deutsche Frage 1.1. Die Deutschland- und Ostpolitik der Bundesregierung Adenauer zwischen 25 Westintegration und Kaltem Krieg (1949-1963) 1.2. Die Deutschland- und Ostpolitik unter Kanzler Erhard: Politik der 31 Bewegung (1963-1966) 1.3. Die deutschland- und ostpolitischen Gegenentwürfe der SPD im Span- 40 nungsfeld des Baus der Berliner Mauer: “Wandel durch Annäherung“ 2. Die Bildung der Großen Koalition: Ein Bündnis auf Zeit 50 2.1. Die unterschiedlichen Politiker-Biographien in der Großen Koalition im 62 Hinblick auf das Dritte Reich 2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Diss Gradschool Submission
    OUTPOST OF FREEDOM: A GERMAN-AMERICAN NETWORK’S CAMPAIGN TO BRING COLD WAR DEMOCRACY TO WEST BERLIN, 1933-72 Scott H. Krause A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Konrad H. Jarausch Christopher R. Browning Klaus W. Larres Susan Dabney Pennybacker Donald M. Reid Benjamin Waterhouse © 2015 Scott H. Krause ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Scott H. Krause: Outpost of Freedom: A German-American Network’s Campaign to bring Cold War Democracy to West Berlin, 1933-66 (under the direction of Konrad H. Jarausch) This study explores Berlin’s sudden transformation from the capital of Nazi Germany to bastion of democracy in the Cold War. This project has unearthed how this remarkable development resulted from a transatlantic campaign by liberal American occupation officials, and returned émigrés, or remigrés, of the Marxist Social Democratic Party (SPD). This informal network derived from members of “Neu Beginnen” in American exile. Concentrated in wartime Manhattan, their identity as German socialists remained remarkably durable despite the Nazi persecution they faced and their often-Jewish background. Through their experiences in New Deal America, these self-professed “revolutionary socialists” came to emphasize “anti- totalitarianism,” making them suspicious of Stalinism. Serving in the OSS, leftists such as Hans Hirschfeld forged friendships with American left-wing liberals. These experiences connected a wider network of remigrés and occupiers by forming an epistemic community in postwar Berlin. They recast Berlin’s ruins as “Outpost of Freedom” in the Cold War.
    [Show full text]
  • Selling the Economic Miracle Economic Reconstruction and Politics in West Germany, 1949-1957 Monograph Mark E
    MONOGRAPHS IN GERMAN HISTORY VOLUME 18 MONOGRAPHS Selling the Economic Miracle Economic the Selling IN GERMAN HISTORY Selling The Economic Miracle VOLUME 18 Economic Reconstruction and Politics in West Germany, 1949-1957 Mark E. Spicka The origins and nature of the “economic miracle” in Germany in the 1950s continue to attract great interest from historians, economists, and political scientists. Examining election campaign propaganda and various public relations campaigns during this period, the author explores ways that conservative political and economic groups sought to construct and Selling the sell a political meaning of the Social Market Economy and the Economic Miracle, which contributed to conservative electoral success, constructed a Economic new understanding of economics by West German society, and provided legitimacy for the new Federal Republic Germany. In particular, the Miracle author focuses on the Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union’s (CDU/CSU) approach to electoral politics, which represented the creation of a more “Americanized” political culture reflected in the Economic Reconstruction borrowing of many techniques in electioneering from the United States, and Politics in West such as public opinion polling and advertising techniques. Germany, 1949-1957 Mark E. Spicka is Associate Professor of History at Shippensburg University in Pennsylvania. He received his Ph.D. from the Ohio State University in 2000 and was a Fulbright Scholar in Germany in 1996/1997. He has published a number of articles that have appeared in German Politics and Society, German Studies Review, and The Historian. Spicka E. Mark Cover Image: “Erhard keeps his promises: Prosperity for all through the social market economy” 1957 Bundestag election poster by Die Waage, Plakatsammlung, BA Koblenz.
    [Show full text]