Editorial and publishing coordination Elisa Bianchi Arpa Piemonte, Institutional Communication Images extracted from Arpa Piemonte archives Graphic concept and design La Réclame, Torino Translation Global Target, Torino Printed in December 2006 by Stargrafica, Torino Printed on 100% recycled paper which has been awarded the European Ecolabel ecological quality mark; manufactured by paper mills registered in compliance with EMAS, the EU eco-management and audit system. ISBN 88-7479-047-3 Copyright © 2006 Arpa Piemonte Via della Rocca, 49 – 10123 Torino Arpa Piemonte is not responsible for the use made of the information contained in this document. Reproduction is authorised when the source is indicated. Editorial and publishing coordination Elisa Bianchi Arpa Piemonte, Institutional Communication Images extracted from Arpa Piemonte archives Graphic concept and design La Réclame, Torino Translation Global Target, Torino Printed in December 2006 by Stargrafica, Torino Printed on 100% recycled paper which has been awarded the European Ecolabel ecological quality mark; manufactured by paper mills registered in compliance with EMAS, the EU eco-management and audit system. ISBN 88-7479-041-4 Copyright © 2006 Arpa Piemonte Via della Rocca, 49 – 10123 Torino Arpa Piemonte is not responsible for the use made of the information contained in this document. Reproduction is authorised when the source is indicated. CONTENTS Presentation 9 Preface 11 Contributions 13 Introduction 17 1 Instruments for planning and assessing the impacts 23 1.1 Introduction 24 1.2 Pre-event phase 24 1.2.1 The SEA of the Olympic Plan 24 1.2.2 Service Conferences in accordance with Law 285/00, Regional Law 40/98 and Presidential Decree 357/97 27 1.2.3 Support and assessment of the environmental balance and the large scale monitoring by the TOROC 28 1.2.4 Control of the sites and check on relative environmental prescriptions 30 1.2.5 Environmental monitoring activities (ante operam and work in progress) 30 1.2.5.1 Definition, coordination and control of the environmental monitoring plans of Agenzia Torino 2006 31 1.2.5.2 Planning the environmental monitoring activities during work in progress in the Olympic areas 39 1.2.5.3 Analysis of data and management of criticalities 41 1.2.5.4 Coordination of the Arpa Piemonte monitoring activities carried out parallel to the monitoring activities of Agenzia Torino 2006 43 1.3 “Event” phase 43 1.3.1 Prevention and control of the chemical risk 43 1.3.2 Checks on environmental management and the management of the systems at the venues 44 1.4 Post event phase 45 1.4.1 Check on the dismantling of the temporary works and restoration of the state of the locations 45 1.4.2 Start up and organisation of post operam environmental monitoring activities 45 1.4.3 Check on the restoration of the Olympic mountain site areas 46 1.4.4 Check on compensation works 47 1.4.5 Criticalities 47 1.4.6 Conclusions 47 2 The nivo-meteorological service 49 2.1 The nivo-meteorological service for the XX Olympic Winter Games Torino 2006 50 2.1.1 The agreement 51 2.2 The operational service 53 2.2.1 Nivo-meteorological activities for the Olympic Games 53 2.2.2 The weather forecast 54 2.2.3 Forecast of the nivology parameters 60 2.2.4 Management of the avalanche risk 61 2.2.5 The weather office network 65 2.2.6 Weather staff 67 2.2.7 The procedures 68 2.2.8 The information system 71 2.2.8.1 IT set-up of the weather offices 72 2.2.8.2 The INFO2006 Intranet system 73 2.2.9 Products 76 Olympic system weather forecast 77 Last Minute Weather Forecast 77 Detailed Weather Forecast 78 Long Range Weather Forecast 78 Courses Forecast 78 Thermal mapping 78 Avalanche Report 78 Data observed 79 Briefing 79 Forecast of ice on roads 79 2.3 The monitoring system 80 2.3.1 The network of stations on the ground 80 2.3.2 The automatic radiosonde system 82 2.3.3 The radar system 83 2.3.4 Web-cams 83 2.3.5 Snow surface temperature monitoring system for the cross country course 84 2.3.6 Manual monitoring of the nivology parameters on the courses 84 2.4 Activity of the venues and peculiar phenomena 85 2.4.1 PRA 85 2.4.1.1 The organisation of the nivo-meteorological service at the Pragelato venue 85 2.4.1.2 Nivo-meteorological aspects characteristic to the ski jumping competitions 88 2.4.2 PRP 92 2.4.2.1 The organisation of the nivo-meteorological service at the Pragelato Plan venue 92 2.4.2.2 Nivo-meteorological aspects characteristic to the Cross-Country Skiing and Biathlon competitions during the Olympics and Paralympics in Pragelato Plan 94 2.4.2.3 Weather Vs Climate (Olympic period) 102 2.4.2.4 Weather Vs Climate (Paralympic period) 104 2.4.3 SCB 105 2.4.3.1 The organisation of the nivo-meteorological service at SCB 105 2.4.3.2 The characteristic nivo-meteorological aspects of the Sestriere Colle and Borgata venues 109 2.4.3.3 Weather Vs Climate (Olympic period) 115 2.4.4 SSF 117 2.4.4.1 The organisation of the nivo-meteorological service at the San Sicario Fraiteve venue 117 2.4.4.2 Meteorology aspects characteristic to the venue 119 2.4.4.3 Comparison with the climatology values 123 2.4.5 CEP 123 2.4.5.1 The organisation of the nivo-meteorological service at Cesana San Sicario 123 2.4.5.2 Meteorology aspects characteristic to the BSL track 124 2.4.6 CSS 127 2.4.6.1 The organisation of the nivo-meteorological service at the Cesana San Sicario venue 127 2.4.6.2 Nivo-meteorological aspects characteristic to the Biathlon 129 2.4.7 SDO 133 2.4.7.1 Organisation of the nivo-meteorology service at the Sauze d’Oulx venue 133 2.4.7.2 Characteristic Nivo-meteorology aspects for Freestyle 135 2.4.7.3 Weather Vs Climate at Sauze d'Oulx 136 2.4.8 BDY 138 2.4.8.1 The organisation of the nivo-meteorology service at the Bardonecchia venue 138 2.4.8.2 Characteristic Nivo-meteorology aspects for the Bardonecchia venue 141 2.4.8.3 Weather Vs Climate (periodo Olimpico) 146 2.4.9 SESTRIERE WLC 148 2.4.9.1 Production of general weather reports for the whole Olympic Area 148 2.4.9.2 Assistance at venues for weather procedures 149 2.4.10 TORINO WOC 150 2.4.10.1 The organisation of the nivo-meteorology service at the Torino and Pinerolo venues 150 2.4.10.2 Characteristic nivo-meteorology aspects for the Torino and Pinerolo venues 152 2.4.11 TORINO MOC 156 2.4.11.1 Role of the Weather Manager 157 2.4.11.2 Recommendations for the future 157 2.5 Assessment of the weather forecast 157 2.5.1 Analysis of the forecasts of the meteorology models and post-processing methods 157 2.5.2 Check on the correct nature of the forecasts 164 2.5.2.1 Numeric forecasts 164 2.5.2.2 Analysis of results 165 2.5.2.3 Conclusions - comparison with DMO and post-processing 172 2.5.3 Check on the Long Range Weather Forecast 172 2.5.3.1 General observations 172 2.5.3.2 Analysis of the check results 172 2.6 Budget 173 2.7 Conclusions and recommendations 174 2.7.1 Key points related to the planning of the service 175 2.7.2 Key points in relation to the operating service during the Games 177 3 Monitoring the air quality 181 3.1 Aims of the monitoring campaigns 182 3.1.1 Foreword 182 3.1.2 Pre-Olympic phase 182 3.1.2.1 Resources and samples collected 183 3.1.3 Olympic phase of the XX Games 183 3.1.3.1 Activities performed 183 3.1.3.2 Mobile laboratories 183 3.2 Description of the monitoring sites 184 3.3 Parameters analysed 185 3.3.1 Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2) 185 3.3.2 Ozone (O3) 186 3.3.3 Carbon monoxide (CO) 186 3.3.4 Particulate material (PMX)186 3.3.5 Benzene (C6H6) 187 3.3.6 Sulphur dioxide (SO2)187 3.4 Reference laws 188 3.5 Instruments used 190 3.6 Analysis and comparison of pollutants 190 3.6.1 Carbon monoxide (CO) 190 3.6.2 Benzene 191 3.6.3 Ozone (O3) 192 3.6.4 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)193 3.6.5 Particulate material (PM10)195 3.6.6 Sulphur dioxide (SO2)196 3.7 Conclusions 198 3.7.1 Judgement of air quality 198 3.7.2 Critical situations found 198 3.7.3 Positive aspects 198 3.7.4 Resources and equipment used 199 4 The Torino 2006 Water Plan 201 4.1 Introduction 202 4.2 Monitoring 202 4.2.1 Sampling programme update 202 4.2.2 Olympic monitoring 204 4.3 Presentation of the results 204 4.3.1 Elaboration and assessment of the pollutant loads - Calculation of the environmental quality indices 205 4.4 MODMASE mathematic model 207 4.4.1 General information and description 207 4.4.2 Hydraulic speed 209 4.4.3 Worksheets 210 4.4.4 Gauging and calibrating the model 213 4.5 Predictive scenarios 214 4.5.1 Scenario 1 214 4.5.1.1 Summer simulation 214 4.5.2 Scenario 2 215 4.5.2.1 Summer simulation 217 4.5.2.2 Winter simulation 218 4.5.3 Scenario 3 218 4.5.3.1 Summer simulation 219 4.5.3.2 Autumn simulation 220 4.5.4 Scenario 4 221 4.5 Conclusions 222 5 Prevention and control of the chemical risk 223 5.1 Foreword 224 5.2 The role of Arpa Piemonte 224 5.3 Technical details of the risk analyses 225 5.4 Planning and organisation of operational activities 226 5.4.1 On-site inspections and preliminary in-depth technical analyses 226 5.4.2 General criteria at the basis of the Arpa Piemonte operational proposal 227 5.4.3 Organisational structures and staff involved 227 5.4.4 Executive plan of activities 228 5.4.4.1 Preventive Monitoring (pre-decontamination) 228 5.4.4.2 Emergency phase 230 5.5 Pre-decontamination service 231 5.5.1 Sample collection and transport of the canisters 231 5.5.2 On-site analytical measurement 231 5.6 Olympic Laboratory Service 232 5.6.1 Fixed station analysis of canisters 232 5.7 Olympic Emergency Service 233 5.8 Olympic Operating Centre 233 5.9 Conclusions 234 6 Communication activities 235 6.1 Before the start of the Games 236 6.1.1 “The weather service for Torino 2006” brochure 236 6.1.2 The website http://meteogiochi.arpa.piemonte.it 236 6.1.3 The press conference 236 6.2 The products processed during the Games 237 6.2.1 The website http://meteogiochi.arpa.piemonte.it 237 6.2.2 The relationship with the mass media 239 6.3 Conclusions 239 6.3.1 The website http://meteogiochi.arpa.piemonte.it 240 6.3.2 The press conference 240 6.3.3 The poster 240 PRESENTATION he XX Olympic Winter Games Torino 2006 were undoubtedly an excellent opportunity for the relaunch of the entire territory of Piedmont.