Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral. 1. The luster of this mineral could be determined by A) using an electronic balance B) using a graduated cylinder C) observing how light reflects from the surface of the mineral D) observing what happens when acid is placed on the mineral 2. Which mineral was tested? A) amphibole B) quartz C) galena D) graphite 3. Different arrangements of tetrahedra in the silicate group of minerals result in differences in the minerals' A) age, density, and smoothness B) cleavage, color, and abundance C) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape D) chemical composition, size, and origin 4. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specific minerals crystallize as magma cools. Which statement is best supported by Bowen's Reaction Series? A) Most minerals crystallize at the same temperature. B) Most felsic minerals usually crystallize before most mafic minerals. C) Muscovite mica and quartz are the last minerals to crystallize as magma cools. D) Biotite mica is the first mineral to crystallize as magma cools. Base your answers to questions 5 through 8 on the 6. Moh's scale arranges minerals according to their data table below. relative A) resistance to breaking B) resistance to scratching C) specific heat D) specific gravity 7. Which statement is best supported by the data shown? A) An iron nail contains fluorite. B) A streak plate is composed of quartz. C) Topaz is harder than a steel file. D) Apatite is softer than a copper penny. 8. The durable gemstones ruby and sapphire are valuable due to their color and hardness. These gemstones would most likely be located on Moh's scale at the hardness level of A) 1 B) 9 C) 3 D) 4 5. Moh's scale would be most useful for 9. Which characteristic do samples of the mineral pyroxene normally exhibit? A) finding the mass of a mineral sample B) finding the density of a mineral sample A) yellow to amber color C) identifying a mineral sample B) bubbling in hydrochloric acid D) counting the number of cleavage surfaces of a C) cleaves at 56° and 124° mineral sample D) hardness of 5 to 6 10. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate and rubbing a mineral on a streak plate are helpful procedures for determining a mineral’s A) density B) identity C) cleavage D) internal atomic structure 11. Which mineral bubbles when acid is placed on it? A) Calcite B) Pyroxene C) Potassium Feldspar D) Garnet 12. Base your answer to the following question on the table below, which shows the characteristics of four different mineral samples. Which two mineral samples would be most difficult to distinguish from each other based on their color, luster, and streak? A) halite and quartz B) halite and gold C) galena and quartz D) galena and gold 13. An unidentified mineral that is softer than calcite exhibits a metallic luster and cubic cleavage. This mineral most likely is A) galena B) pyrite C) halite D) pyroxene 14. What is the best way to determine if a mineral sample is calcite or quartz? A) Observe the color of the mineral. B) Place the mineral near a magnet. C) Place a drop of acid on the mineral. D) Measure the mass of the mineral. 15. The relative hardness of a mineral can best be tested by A) scratching the mineral across a glass plate B) squeezing the mineral with calibrated pliers C) determining the density of the mineral D) breaking the mineral with a hammer 16. The diagram below represents the mass and volume of a mineral sample being measured. These measurements were used to determine the density of the mineral sample. What is the density of this mineral sample? A) 6 g/mL B) 24 g/mL C) 34 g/mL D) 60 g/mL 17. Which property is most useful in mineral identification? A) hardness B) color C) size D) texture 18. Which mineral leaves a green-black powder when rubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate? A) galena B) graphite C) hematite D) pyrite Base your answers to questions 19 and 20 on the diagram below, which shows three minerals with three different physical tests, A, B, and C, being performed on them. 19. The results of all three physical tests shown are most useful for determining the A) rate of weathering of the minerals B) identity of the minerals C) environment where the minerals formed D) geologic period when the minerals formed 20. Which sequence correctly matches each test, A, B, and C, with the mineral property tested? A) A—cleavage; B—streak; C—hardness B) A—cleavage; B—hardness; C—streak C) A—streak; B—cleavage; C—hardness D) A—streak; B—hardness; C—cleavage 21. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. A student on a field trip in New York State collected a sample of metamorphic bedrock containing bands of coarse-grained crystals of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, quartz, and mica. Describe two physical properties of pyroxene. 22. A human fingernail has a hardness of approximately 2.5. Which two minerals are softer than a human fingernail? A) calcite and halite B) sulfur and fluorite C) graphite and talc D) pyrite and magnetite 23. Which mineral would most likely become rounded at the fastest rate when tumbled along A) garnet B) pyroxene C) plagioclase feldspar D) selenite gypsum Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the diagram and table below. 24. If the volume of mineral sample A is 28 cubic centimeters, sample A is most likely A) copper B) galena C) chalcopyrite D) dolomite 25. The original shape of mineral sample A was altered when it was hit with a rock hammer. Which physical property caused the mineral to break as it did? A) hardness B) luster C) cleavage D) streak 26. Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, and pyroxene? A) graphite B) calcite C) olivine D) dolomite 27. Which diagram best shows the grain size of some common sedimentary rocks? A) B) C) D) 28. A nonvesicular rock is made entirely of green 2-millimeter-diameter crystals that have a hardness of 6.5 and show fracture, but notcleavage. The rock is most likely A) shale B) phyllite C) dunite D) schist 29. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate is a method used for determining the mineral's A) color B) hardness C) luster D) cleavage Base your answers to questions 30 and 31 on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table provides information about four minerals, A through D. 30. The diagram below represents a sample of mineral A. Mineral A is most likely A) garnet B) galena C) olivine D) halite 31. Which mineral can scratch A, B, and C, but can not scratch D? A) talc B) selenite gypsum C) fluorite D) quartz 32. The diagram below shows four mineral samples, each having approximately the same mass. If all four samples are placed together in a closed, dry container and shaken vigorously for 10 minutes, which mineral sample would experience the most abrasion? A) quartz B) amphibole C) pyroxene D) galena 33. The photograph below shows an outcrop where a light-colored, igneous rock is cross cut by a dark-colored, igneous rock. This fine-grained, dark-colored, igneous rock is most likely A) rhyolite B) diorite C) basalt D) gabbro 34. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2? A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz 35. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? A) calcite B) halite C) pyrite D) mica 36. Base your answer to the following question on the passage and map below. The map shows the generalized landscape regions of Vermont. Landscape Regions of Vermont Most of Vermont's landscape regions consist of ancient, weathered mountains that were covered by several ice sheets during the last ice age. When the ice melted, sand, cobbles, and boulders were deposited throughout the state, Vermont is divided into six landscape regions. (1) The Vermont Lowlands region has a mild climate, with Lake Champlain moderating its temperature. (2) The Green Mountains run the length of Vermont and were formed over 400 million years ago. Most of the bedrock is metamorphic and the region is known for its deposits of talc and asbestos. (3) The Taconic Mountains extend into New York State. Slate and marble are commonly mined in this region. (4) The Valley of Vermont is a narrow valley between two mountain ranges. Most of the bedrock in the region is limestone and marble. (5) The Vermont Piedmont covers the largest area of the state. This region consists of rolling hills and valleys. Granite mining is an important industry. (6) The Northeast Highlands is a mountainous region composed of granite bedrock. Some of the bedrock in the Green Mountains is actually green in color because of the presence of the mineral chlorite. Which other mineral can cause rocks to appear green? A) sulfur B) magnetite C) olivine D) halite 37. Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak, 41. Which mineral scratches dolomite and is scratched and is an ore of iron? by olivine? A) galena B) magnetite A) galena C) pyroxene D) graphite B) quartz 38. Which home-building material is made mostly from C) potassium feldspar the mineral gypsum? D) muscovite mica A) plastic pipes B) window glass 42.