Human and Societal Security in the Circumpolar Arctic
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Human and Societal Security in the Circumpolar Arctic 0004123685.INDD 1 <UN> 8/1/2018 2:38:59 PM Studies in Polar Law Editors-in-Chief Gudmundur Alfredsson (University of Akureyri, Iceland, and China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing) Timo Koivurova (Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland) Editorial Board Kees Bastmeijer (Tilburg University, The Netherlands) – Malgosia Fitzmaurice (Queen Mary, University of London, United Kingdom) – Kamrul Hossain (Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland) – Julia Jabour (Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Australia) – Mara Kimmel (Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage, usa) – Stefan Kirchner (Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland) – Rauna Kuokkanen (University of Lapland, Finland) – Xueping Li (Wuhan University, China) – Natalia Loukacheva (University of Northern British Columbia, Canada) – Bjarni Már Magnússon (University of Reykjavík, Iceland) – Cécile Pelaudeix (Universities of Aarhus and Grenoble, Denmark and France) – Oyvind Ravna (Arctic University of Norway) – Dalee Sambo Dorough (University of Alaska Anchorage usa) volume 1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/splw 0004123685.INDD 2 <UN> 8/1/2018 2:38:59 PM Human and Societal Security in the Circumpolar Arctic Local and Indigenous Communities Edited by Kamrul Hossain José Miguel Roncero Martín Anna Petrétei leiden | boston 0004123685.INDD 3 <UN> 8/1/2018 2:38:59 PM Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hossain, Kamrul, editor. | Roncero Martin, Jose Miguel. 1986- editor. | Petrétei, Anna, 1987- editor. Title: Human and societal security in the circumpolar Arctic : local and indigenous communities / edited by Kamrul Hossain, Jose Miguel Roncero Martin, Anna Petrétei. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill Nijhoff, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018032980 (print) | LCCN 2018034401 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004363045 (Ebook) | ISBN 9789004363014 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Human security--Arctic regions. | Arctic regions--Social conditions. | Arctic regions--Economic conditions. | Indigenous peoples--Legal status, laws, etc.--Arctic regions. Classification: LCC HN940.A8 (ebook) | LCC HN940.A8 H85 2018 (print) | DDC 306.0911/3--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018032980 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 2589-6822 ISBN 978-90-04-36301-4 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-36304-5 (e-book) Copyright 2018 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. 0004123685.INDD 4 <UN> 8/1/2018 2:38:59 PM Contents Preface ix Notes on Contributors x Part 1 Introduction Understanding Human Security as a Tool to Promote Societal Security in the Arctic 3 Kamrul Hossain, José Miguel Roncero Martín and Anna Petrétei Part 2 Overview of Human and Societal Security in the Circumpolar Arctic: Local Actors and Governance Frameworks 1 Policies and Strategies for the Arctic: A Review of the Approaches to Human Security in the Arctic 19 José Miguel Roncero Martín 2 The Interplay of the Human Security and Sustainable Development Concepts: The Case of Russia’s Arctic Industrial Centers 50 Alexander Sergunin 3 Human Security, Risk and Sustainability in the Swedish Policy for the Arctic 76 Sara Nyhlén, Katarina Giritli Nygren, Anna Olofsson and Johanna Bergström 4 Colonialism, Statehood, and Sámi in Norden and the Norwegian High North 100 Wilfrid Greaves 5 Outer Space and Indigenous Security: Sweden’s ESRANGE Launch Site and the Human Security of the Sami 122 Michael Sheehan 0004123685.INDD 5 <UN> 8/1/2018 2:38:59 PM vi Contents Part 3 Arctic Societies: Local Implications of Global Developments 6 The Value of the Barents Region: More than a Resource Provider 143 Corinna Casi 7 Whether and How Social Work Could Address the Long-term Socio- environmental Risks Caused by the Mining Industry in Northern Finland 165 Satu Ranta-Tyrkkö 8 Achieving Human and Societal Security in Oil Producing Regions: A Komi-Izhma Community Perspective from Pripechor’e, Russia 191 Julia Loginova 9 The Role of Hydrocarbon Development in Arctic Governance: A Suitable Approach for Human Development in the Region? 212 Gerald Zojer 10 Arctic Society and Societal Security: A Reference to Extractive Developments in Northern Fennoscandia 243 Kamrul Hossain, Anna Petrétei 11 Indigenous Rights and Livelihoods as Concerns in the Decision- Making on Extractive Industries in Finland 263 Stefan Kirchner Part 4 Identity, Culture, Business and Community Values 12 Innocence Challenged: Perceptions and Constructions of Human Security in Scandinavian Literature on the Arctic 283 Helene Peterbauer and José Miguel Roncero Martín 13 Digital Storytelling: A Bottom-Up Approach to Gender & Human Security in the Barents Region? 309 Tahnee Lisa Prior 0004123685.INDD 6 <UN> 8/1/2018 2:38:59 PM Contents vii 14 Cultural Identity in Families with “The Finnish Origin,” Living in a Russian Speaking Environment (According to Material of Murmansk Region) 339 Elena Busyreva 15 Favorite and Least Favorite Places of the Northern Border Cities (As Exemplified in the Drawings of Schoolchildren of Nikel and Kirkenes) 357 Tatiana Zhigaltsova Part 5 Conclusion The Arctic – A Region in Motion 387 Kamrul Hossain, José Miguel Roncero Martín and Anna Petrétei Index 0004123685.INDD 7 <UN> 8/1/2018 2:38:59 PM 0004123685.INDD 8 8/1/2018 2:38:59 PM Preface This book is the final result of the research project HuSArctic: Human Security as a promotional tool for societal security in the Arctic: Addressing Multiple Vul- nerability to its Population with Specific Reference to the Barents Region, which has been generously funded by the Academy of Finland. The HuSArctic proj- ect has been hosted at the Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (Arctic Centre, University of Lapland), which started in January 2015 for a period of four years. Within the project, the concerns and points of view of Arctic stakeholders have been a central focus, and various research and aware- ness-raising activities have been conducted with these stakeholders – in par- ticular those from the Barents region. Our hope is that the contributions made in this book have preserved the view of those stakeholders, and that through each contribution, Arctic voices have been expressed loud and clear. The re- search presented in this book is not only intended for academics. It is inspired and driven by the local populations of the Arctic, and in most cases written by scholars either living in the region, or working on issues related to the Arctic. The research in this book does not only pursue theoretical aims, but seeks to have a direct impact on policymakers and hold relevance to both academics and practitioners. Finally, although the research is grounded in academic pur- suits, it seeks to engage Arctic stakeholders such as local communities or re- gional governance bodies, as well as students of the Arctic or security studies, and the general public. We hope that the diverse views in the contributions of this book are appealing to anyone interested in human security and the Arctic in general. In the process of preparing this manuscript, we had to rely on contribu- tions, not only from individual authors, but also from many others, such as a number of blind reviewers. While the reviewers provided significant com- ments and suggestions to improve the text further in several review rounds, the contributing authors were extremely patient and hardworking during the process of both writing and revising the text. We are grateful to all of them for their kind cooperation. We also greatly acknowledge the research assistance support provided by Joelle Klein. Kamrul Hossain, José Miguel Roncero Martín and Anna Petrétei March, 2018 0004123685.INDD 9 <UN> 8/1/2018 2:38:59 PM Notes on Contributors Johanna Bergström holds a Ph.D. in Politics and International Studies from the European Union Erasmus Mundus Program, Globalisation the EU and Multilateralism (GEM). Previously she worked for UN Women in Guatemala and for various NGOs in Chile, Guatemala, Mexico and Venezuela. She wrote her PhD thesis within the field of Gendered International Political Economy (GIPE) and it aims to join the areas of gender, sustainable development and trade. The empirical focus is on the Association Agreement between the European Union and Central America. The puzzle of the thesis is the gap between the discourse on sustain- ability and gender equality and the absence of these in the trade policy of the EU as reflected in the Association Agreements. An intersectional perspective helped to further develop the understanding of how