Nasjonsrelaterte Stedsnavn På Svalbard Hvilke Nasjoner Har Satt Flest Spor Etter Seg? NOR-3920

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Nasjonsrelaterte Stedsnavn På Svalbard Hvilke Nasjoner Har Satt Flest Spor Etter Seg? NOR-3920 Nasjonsrelaterte stedsnavn på Svalbard Hvilke nasjoner har satt flest spor etter seg? NOR-3920 Oddvar M. Ulvang Mastergradsoppgave i nordisk språkvitenskap Fakultet for humaniora, samfunnsvitenskap og lærerutdanning Institutt for språkvitenskap Universitetet i Tromsø Høsten 2012 Forord I mitt tidligere liv tilbragte jeg to år som radiotelegrafist (1964-66) og ett år som stasjonssjef (1975-76) ved Isfjord Radio1 på Kapp Linné. Dette er nok bakgrunnen for at jeg valgte å skrive en masteroppgave om stedsnavn på Svalbard. Seks delemner har utgjort halve mastergradsstudiet, og noen av disse førte meg tilbake til arktiske strøk. En semesteroppgave omhandlet Norske skipsnavn2, der noen av navna var av polarskuter. En annen omhandlet Språkmøte på Svalbard3, en sosiolingvistisk studie fra Longyearbyen. Den førte meg tilbake til øygruppen, om ikke fysisk så i hvert fall mentalt. Det samme har denne masteroppgaven gjort. Jeg har også vært student ved Universitetet i Tromsø tidligere. Jeg tok min cand. philol.-grad ved Institutt for historie høsten 2000 med hovedfagsoppgaven Telekommunikasjoner på Spitsbergen 1911-1935. Jeg vil takke veilederen min, professor Gulbrand Alhaug for den flotte oppfølgingen gjennom hele prosessen med denne masteroppgaven om stedsnavn på Svalbard. Han var også min foreleser og veileder da jeg tok mellomfagstillegget i nordisk språk med oppgaven Frå Amarius til Pardis. Manns- og kvinnenavn i Alstahaug og Stamnes 1850-1900.4 Jeg takker også alle andre som på en eller annen måte har hjulpet meg i denne prosessen. Dette gjelder bl.a. Norsk Polarinstitutt, som velvillig lot meg bruke deres database med stedsnavn på Svalbard, men ikke minst vil jeg takke min kjære Anne-Marie for hennes tålmodighet gjennom hele prosessen. Sandnessjøen, 28. oktober 2012. Oddvar M. Ulvang 1 Forsidebildet viser Isfjord Radio, Svalbard. 2 Ulvang 2010:203 3 Ulvang 2011:268 4 Ulvang 2002:145 2 Opp av havet stiger landet Når du stevner ifra sør I en stille vårnatt Dekket av et rosa tåkeslør Her er endeløse vidder Her er ville trolske fjell Rad på rad som hvite templer Bygget av naturen selv… Hans Engebretsen 3 Innhold Oversikt over tabeller ………………………………………………………. 6 Oversikt over diagrammer …………………………………………………. 7 Kart over Svalbard …………………………………………………………. 8 Kapittel 1: Innledning ……………………………………………………… 9 1.1. Tema for masteroppgaven …………………………………….. 9 1.2. Problemstilling ………………………………………………… 9 1.2.1. Nasjonshegemoniet ………………………………….. 10 1.2.2. Oppkalling av personer ……………………………… 10 1.2.3. Overføring av stedsnavn fra hjemlandet …………….. 11 1.3. Forskningsstatus…………………………………………….. 12 Kapittel 2: Et riss av Svalbards historie ……………………………………. 20 Kapittel 3: Hypoteser ………………………………………………………. 27 Kapittel 4: Materiale og korpus …………………………………………….. 35 4.1. Kilder …………………………………………………………... 35 4.2. Korpus ………………………………………………………….. 36 4.3. Ekserpering og videre bearbeiding av materialet ………………. 37 4.4. Nasjonalitetskoder ……………………………………………… 38 Kapittel 5: Teori og metode ………………………………………………… 39 5.1. Empiri …………………………………………………………... 40 5.1.1. Kvantitativ eller kvalitativ metode …………………… 40 5.2. Klassifisering …………………………………………………… 41 Kapittel 6: Nasjonsrelaterte navn …………………………………………… 43 6.1. Statistikk ……………………………………………………….. 43 6.2. Hypoteser vs. resultater ………………………………………… 44 6.3. Mulige forklaringer på avvikene ……………………………….. 46 Kapittel 7: Oppkalling av personer …………………………………………. 48 7.1. Kategorier ………………………………………………………. 48 7.2. Kvinner …………………………………………………………. 48 7.2.1. Kvinne 1 ………………………………………………. 48 7.2.2. Kvinne 2 ………………………………………………. 50 7.3. Menn ……………………………………………………………. 53 7.3.1. Mann 1 ………………………………………………… 53 7.3.2. Mann 2 ………………………………………………… 74 7.4. Fyrster …………………………………………………………… 88 7.4.1. Fyrste 1 ………………………………………………… 88 7.4.2. Fyrste 2 ………………………………………………… 88 7.5. Myndighetspersoner …………………………………………….. 91 7.5.1. Myndighetspersoner …………………………………… 91 7.6. Sponsing …………………………………………………………. 93 7.6.1. Sponsorer ………………………………………………. 93 4 Kapittel 8: Overføring av nasjonale stedsnavn ………….. ………………….. 97 8.1. Naturnavn ………………………………………………………... 97 8.1.1. Fjell …………………………………………………….. 97 8.1.2. Daler …………………………………………………… 99 8.1.3. Breer ……………………………………………………. 100 8.1.4. Elver …………………………………………………… 101 8.1.5. Vatn ……………………………………………………. 102 8.1.6. Fjorder …………………………………………………. 104 8.1.7. Hav …………………………………………………….. 105 8.1.8. Øyer …………………………………………………….. 106 8.1.9. Naturnavn samlet ……………………………………….. 108 8.2. Administrative navn ………………………………………………. 109 8.2.1. Kommuner og tettsteder ………………………………… 109 8.2.2. Byer ……………………………………………………… 111 8.2.3. Regioner …………………………………………………. 113 8.2.4. Land ……………………………………………………… 115 8.2.5. Eiendommer, steder o.l. ………………………………….. 116 8.2.6. Administrative navn samlet ……………………………… 118 Kapittel 9: Nasjonale artefaktnavn ……………………………………………. 119 9.1. Skip ………………………………………………………… 119 9.2. Fly ………………………………………………………….. 123 9.3. Gruver ……………………………………………………… 124 9.4. Slott ………………………………………………………… 124 9.5. Artefaktnavn samlet ………………………………………. 126 Kapittel 10: Nasjonale kulturrelaterte navn ……………………………………. 127 10.1. Litteratur, folklore o.l. ……………………………………. 127 10.2. Norrøne mytologiske navn ……………………………….. 128 10.3. Historie …………………………………………………… 131 10.4. Vitenskapelige selskap …………………………………… 133 10.5. Kommersielle selskap ……………………………………. 134 10.6. Kulturrelaterte navn samlet ………………………………. 136 10.7. Restgruppe ……………………………………………….. 137 Kapittel 11: Avslutning …..…………………………………………………….. 138 11.1. Oppsummering …………………………………………… 138 Litteraturliste ……………………………………………………………………. 140 Trykte kilder …………………………………………………………………….. 142 Utrykte kilder ……………………………………………………………………. 142 5 Oversikt over tabeller Tabell 1. Nasjonshegemoniet – prosentvis fordeling …………………………….. 43 « 2. Oppkalling kvinne 1 ………………………………………………....... 49 « 3. « kvinne 2 ………………………………………………….. 52 « 4. « mann 1 ………………………………………………........ 73 « 5. « mann 2 ………………………………………………........ 87 « 6. « fyrster ……………………………………………………. 90 « 7. « myndighetspersoner …………………………………....... 92 « 8. « sponsorer ………………………………………………… 95 « 9. « fjell ………………………………………………………. 98 « 10. « daler ……………………………………………………… 99 « 11. « breer ……………………………………………………… 100 « 12. « elver ……………………………………………………… 101 « 13. « vatn ………………………………………………………. 103 « 14. « fjorder …………………………………………………. … 104 « 15. « hav ……………………………………………………….. 105 « 16. « øyer ……………………………………………………. … 107 « 17. « naturnavn samlet ………………………………………… 108 « 18. « kommuner og tettsteder ……………………………….. 110 « 19. « byer ………………………………………………………. 112 « 20. « regioner ………………………………………………... … 114 « 21. « land ……………………………………………………. … 115 « 22. « eiendommer, steder ………………………………............. 116 « 23. « administrative navn samlet ……………………………. … 118 « 24. « skip ……………………………………………………. … 122 « 25. « fly ………………………………………………………… 123 « 26. « gruver ……………………………………………………. 124 « 27. « slott …………………………………………………….. 125 « 28. « artefaktnavn samlet …………………………………….. 126 « 29. « litteratur, folklore, o.l. ………………………………….. 127 « 30. « norrøne mytologiske navn …………………………….... 131 « 31. « historie ………………………………………………….. 132 « 32. « vitenskapelige selskap ………………………………….. 133 « 33. « kommersielle selskap …………………………………... 135 « 34. « kulturrelaterte navn samlet ……………………………… 136 6 Oversikt over diagrammer Fig. 1. Nasjoner med flest stedsnavn …………………………………………… 44 « 2. Oppkalling kvinne 1 ………………………………………………...... 49 « 3. « kvinne 2 ………………………………………………...... 52 « 4. « mann 1 …………………………………………………… 74 « 5. « mann 2 …………………………………………………… 87 « 6. « fyrster ……………………………………………………. 90 « 7. « myndighetspersoner ……………………………………… 92 « 8. « sponsorer …………………………………………………. 95 « 9. « fjell ……………………………………………………….. 99 « 10. « daler ……………………………………………………… 100 « 11. « elver ……………………………………………………… 102 « 12. « vatn ………………………………………………………. 104 « 13. « fjorder ……………………………………………………. 105 « 14. « hav …………………………………………………….. 105 « 15. « øyer ………………………………………………………. 107 « 16. « naturnavn samlet ………………………………………… 108 « 17. « kommuner og tettsteder …………………………………. 110 « 18. « byer ……………………………………………………… 113 « 19. « regioner ………………………………………………..... 114 « 20. « land ……………………………………………………… 115 « 21. « eiendommer, steder ……………………………………… 117 « 22. « administrative navn samlet ……………………………… 118 « 23. « skip ………………………………………………………. 122 « 24. « fly ………………………………………………………… 123 « 25. « artefaktnavn samlet ……………………………………… 126 « 26. « litteratur, folklore o.l. ………………………………….... 128 « 27. « historie …………………………………………………… 132 « 28. « vitenskapelige selskap …………………………………… 134 « 29. « kommersielle selskap ……………………………………. 135 « 30. « kulturrelaterte navn samlet ………………………………. 136 7 Svalbard 8 KAPITTEL 1: INNLEDNING Jeg bodde og arbeidet i til sammen tre år på Isfjord Radio5 (se forsidebildet) i periodene 1964- 66 og 1975-76, men jeg blir aldri helt ferdig med øygruppen. Interessen for Svalbard førte meg til historiestudier ved Universitetet i Tromsø, og jeg ble cand. philol. i 2000 med hovedfagsoppgaven «Telekommunikasjoner på Spitsbergen 1911-1935». Da jeg startet dette mastergradsstudiet i nordisk språkvitenskap, var det stadig Svalbard som var det mest aktuelle forskningsområdet: Jeg ønsket mer kunnskap om stedsnavn på Svalbard - «landet med de kalde kyster». 1.1. TEMA FOR MASTEROPPGAVEN Temaet for masteroppgaven min er nasjonshegemoniet for stedsnavn på Svalbard. Gjennom mitt arbeid på Svalbard ble jeg kjent med at mange nasjoner hadde gitt navn til geografiske steder på øygruppen. Isfjord Radio hadde jevnlig radiokontakt med gruvebyene Longyearbyen, Barentsburg, Sveagruva og Ny-Ålesund. Disse stedene hadde fått navn fra h.h.v. amerikaneren John M. Longyear, den hollandske
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