George P. Merrill Collection, Circa 1800-1930 and Undated
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Fire History and Climate Change
Synthesis of Knowledge: Fire History and Climate Change William T. Sommers Stanley G. Coloff Susan G. Conard JFSP Project 09‐2‐01‐09 Sommers, William T., Stanley G. Coloff and Susan G. Conard 2011: Fire History and Climate Change. Report Submitted to the Joint Fire Science Program for Project 09‐2‐01‐09. 215 pages + 6 Appendices Abstract This report synthesizes available fire history and climate change scientific knowledge to aid managers with fire decisions in the face of ongoing 21st Century climate change. Fire history and climate change (FHCC) have been ongoing for over 400 million years of Earth history, but increasing human influences during the Holocene epoch have changed both climate and fire regimes. We describe basic concepts of climate science and explain the causes of accelerating 21st Century climate change. Fire regimes and ecosystem classifications serve to unify ecological and climate factors influencing fire, and are useful for applying fire history and climate change information to specific ecosystems. Variable and changing patterns of climate‐fire interaction occur over different time and space scales that shape use of FHCC knowledge. Ecosystem differences in fire regimes, climate change and available fire history mean using an ecosystem specific view will be beneficial when applying FHCC knowledge. Authors William T. Sommers is a Research Professor at George Ma‐ son University in Fairfax, Virginia. He completed a B.S. de‐ gree in Meteorology from the City College of New York, a Acknowledgements S.M. degree in Meteorology from the Massachusetts Insti‐ We thank the Joint Fire Sciences Program for tute of Technology and a Ph.D. -
Proceedings Op the Twenty-Third Annual Meeting Op the Geological Society Op America, Held at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, December 21, 28, and 29, 1910
BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOL. 22, PP. 1-84, PLS. 1-6 M/SRCH 31, 1911 PROCEEDINGS OP THE TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OP THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP AMERICA, HELD AT PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, DECEMBER 21, 28, AND 29, 1910. Edmund Otis Hovey, Secretary CONTENTS Page Session of Tuesday, December 27............................................................................. 2 Election of Auditing Committee....................................................................... 2 Election of officers................................................................................................ 2 Election of Fellows................................................................................................ 3 Election of Correspondents................................................................................. 3 Memoir of J. C. Ii. Laflamme (with bibliography) ; by John M. Clarke. 4 Memoir of William Harmon Niles; by George H. Barton....................... 8 Memoir of David Pearce Penhallow (with bibliography) ; by Alfred E. Barlow..................................................................................................................... 15 Memoir of William George Tight (with bibliography) ; by J. A. Bownocker.............................................................................................................. 19 Memoir of Robert Parr Whitfield (with bibliography by L. Hussa- kof) ; by John M. Clarke............................................................................... 22 Memoir of Thomas -
Daguerreian Annual 1990-2015: a Complete Index of Subjects
Daguerreian Annual 1990–2015: A Complete Index of Subjects & Daguerreotypes Illustrated Subject / Year:Page Version 75 Mark S. Johnson Editor of The Daguerreian Annual, 1997–2015 © 2018 Mark S. Johnson Mark Johnson’s contact: [email protected] This index is a work in progress, and I’m certain there are errors. Updated versions will be released so user feedback is encouraged. If you would like to suggest possible additions or corrections, send the text in the body of an email, formatted as “Subject / year:page” To Use A) Using Adobe Reader, this PDF can be quickly scrolled alphabetically by sliding the small box in the window’s vertical scroll bar. - or - B) PDF’s can also be word-searched, as shown in Figure 1. Many index citations contain keywords so trying a word search will often find other instances. Then, clicking these icons Figure 1 Type the word(s) to will take you to another in- be searched in this Adobe Reader Window stance of that word, either box. before or after. If you do not own the Daguerreian Annual this index refers you to, we may be able to help. Contact us at: [email protected] A Acuna, Patricia 2013: 281 1996: 183 Adams, Soloman; microscopic a’Beckett, Mr. Justice (judge) Adam, Hans Christian d’types 1995: 176 1995: 194 2002/2003: 287 [J. A. Whipple] Abbot, Charles G.; Sec. of Smithso- Adams & Co. Express Banking; 2015: 259 [ltr. in Boston Daily nian Institution deposit slip w/ d’type engraving Evening Transcript, 1/7/1847] 2015: 149–151 [letters re Fitz] 2014: 50–51 Adams, Zabdiel Boylston Abbott, J. -
Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
7 X 11 Long.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85349-1 - Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets Peter Jenniskens Excerpt More information Part I Introduction © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85349-1 - Meteor Showers and their Parent Comets Peter Jenniskens Excerpt More information 1 How meteor showers were linked to comets When we wish upon a falling star, we appeal to an ancient belief that the stars represent our souls and a meteor is one falling into the hereafter.1 In Teutonic mythology, for example, your star was tied to heaven by a thread, spun by the hands of an old woman from the day of your birth, and when it snapped, the star fell and your life had ended.2 The Greek philosophers were the first to speculate on the nature of things without regard to ancient myths. Especially the world views of Aristotle of Stagira (384–322 BC) in his 350 BC book Meteorology3 were widely quoted for over two thousand years, embraced by Christian religion, and passionately defended until into the eight- eenth century. The Greeks held that all matter in the Universe is made of the elements ‘‘earth,’’ ‘‘water,’’ ‘‘air,’’ and ‘‘fire.’’ Aristotle was of the opinion that shooting stars, because of their rapid motion, occurred relatively nearby in the realm of the element ‘‘fire’’ above the layer of ‘‘air’’ that is now called our atmosphere. He believed that shooting stars were not caused by the falling of stars, but were caused by thin streams of a warm and dry ‘‘windy exhalation’’ (a mixture of the elements fire and air) that had risen from dry land warmed by the Sun. -
Analysis of Polarimetric Mini-SAR and Mini-RF Datasets for Surface Characterization and Crater Delineation on Moon †
Proceeding Paper Analysis of Polarimetric Mini-SAR and Mini-RF Datasets for Surface Characterization and Crater Delineation on Moon † Himanshu Kumari and Ashutosh Bhardwaj * Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun 248001, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-9410319433 † Presented at the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences, 16–30 November 2020; Available online: https://ecas2020.sciforum.net/. Abstract: The hybrid polarimetric architecture of Mini-SAR and Mini-RF onboard Indian Chan- drayaan-1 and LRO missions were the first to acquire shadowed polar images of the Lunar surface. This study aimed to characterize the surface properties of Lunar polar and non-polar regions con- taining Haworth, Nobile, Gioja, an unnamed crater, Arago, and Moltke craters and delineate the crater boundaries using a newly emerged approach. The Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) data of Chandrayaan-1 was found useful for the detection and extraction of precise boundaries of the cra- ters using the ArcGIS Crater tool. The Stokes child parameters estimated from radar backscatter like the degree of polarization (m), the relative phase (δ), Poincare ellipticity (χ) along with the Circular Polarization Ratio (CPR), and decomposition techniques, were used to study the surface attributes of craters. The Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues used to measure entropy and mean alpha showed distinct types of scattering, thus its comparison with m-δ, m-χ gave a profound conclusion to the lunar surface. The dominance of surface scattering confirmed the roughness of rugged material. The results showed the CPR associated with the presence of water ice as well as a dihedral reflection inside the polar craters. -
Bigelow, Henry Bryant
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES H E N R Y B RYANT BIGELO W 1879—1967 A Biographical Memoir by AL F R E D C. REDFIELD Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1976 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. HENRY BRYANT BIGELOW October 3,1879-December 11,1967 BY ALFRED C. REDFIELD ENRY BRYANT BIGELOW was an accomplished systematic zool- H ogist, being a recognized authority on both the coelenter- ates and fishes. His 1911 paper on the siphonophores was considered to be the most useful report on this group that had ever been written. In recognition of his later work on the fishes of the western North Atlantic he was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal by the National Academy of Sciences in 1948. Of wider impact on the development of marine science was his recognition of the interdependence of the physics, chem- istry, and biology of the sea, as exemplified by his studies of the Gulf of Maine and his part in the creation of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, of which he was the first director. Seventy-five years ago, when Alexander Agassiz visited the Maldive Islands with Henry Bigelow as his assistant, oceanog- raphy in America was an interest promoted from time to time through individual initiative and, when in line with their pri- mary duties, by appropriate governmental agencies. Today it is a fully recognized division of science, complete with standard textbooks and special journals. -
Geological Survey
imiF.NT OF Tim BULLETIN UN ITKI) STATKS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY No. 115 A (lECKJKAPHIC DKTIOXARY OF KHODK ISLAM; WASHINGTON GOVKRNMKNT PRINTING OFF1OK 181)4 LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS. i United States. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey). Department of the interior | | Bulletin | of the | United States | geological survey | no. 115 | [Seal of the department] | Washington | government printing office | 1894 Second title: United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | | A | geographic dictionary | of | Rhode Island | by | Henry Gannett | [Vignette] | Washington | government printing office 11894 8°. 31 pp. Gannett (Henry). United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | | A | geographic dictionary | of | Khode Island | hy | Henry Gannett | [Vignette] Washington | government printing office | 1894 8°. 31 pp. [UNITED STATES. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey). Bulletin 115]. 8 United States geological survey | J. W. Powell, director | | * A | geographic dictionary | of | Ehode Island | by | Henry -| Gannett | [Vignette] | . g Washington | government printing office | 1894 JS 8°. 31pp. a* [UNITED STATES. Department of the interior. (Z7. S. geological survey). ~ . Bulletin 115]. ADVERTISEMENT. [Bulletin No. 115.] The publications of the United States Geological Survey are issued in accordance with the statute approved March 3, 1879, which declares that "The publications of the Geological Survey shall consist of the annual report of operations, geological and economic maps illustrating the resources and classification of the lands, and reports upon general and economic geology and paleontology. The annual report of operations of the Geological Survey shall accompany the annual report of the Secretary of the Interior. All special memoirs and reports of said Survey shall be issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary by tlie Director, but other wise in ordinary octavos. -
47 February 1999
HeA. D. News The Newsletter of the Historical Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society Number 47 February 1999 Kristv Kaiser. Manson. Iowa (original charcoal) -1- Biennial History of Persons wishing to register should contact: Astronomy, Center for ContinuingEducation, Astronomy Workshop, To Be University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN Co-sponsored by the HAD 46556, E-mail: [email protected]. The registration fee of $70 includes the cost of the Steven Dick banquet. Housing is available in new air- conditioned dormitories at $27 per night for a The Fourth Biennial History of Astronomy single, $21 per night for a double. Workshop will be held July 1-4, 1999 at the University of Notre Dame. The workshop is The conference will include a book exhibit sponsored by Notre Dame's Graduate Program and display tables. Participants are welcome to in History and Philosophy of Science, Notre bring materials to display. Contact Matt Dame's Reilly Center for Science, Technol- Dowd with regard to how much space will be ogy, and Values, the History of Astronomy needed. Special Interest Group of the History of Science Society, and theHistorica1Astronomy Regarding transportation, flights come to Division of the American Astronomical South Bend from a number of major cities. Society. Persons arriving via Chicago can take the United Limo Bus, which runs from the United Steven Dick and Michael Crowe are program Terminal at 0'1-Iare Airport directly to the co-chairs. Persons wishing to present work- Notre Dame campus. Round-trip fare is $52. in-progress papers, or poster papers, should For a schedule and reservations, call United submit a title and abstract of approximately Limo at (800) 833-5555. -
Terrestrial Forest Management Plan for Palmyra Atoll
Prepared for The Nature Conservancy Palmyra Program Terrestrial Forest Management Plan for Palmyra Atoll Open-File Report 2011–1007 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Images showing native species of the terrestrial forest at Palmyra Atoll (on the left from top to bottom: red-footed boobies, an undescribed gecko, and a coconut crab). The forests shown are examples of Pisonia grandis forest on Lost Islet (above) and an example of coconut palm monoculture on Kaula Islet (below) at Palmyra Atoll. (Photographs by Stacie Hathaway, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008.) Terrestrial Forest Management Plan for Palmyra Atoll By Stacie A. Hathaway, Kathryn McEachern, and Robert N. Fisher Prepared for The Nature Conservancy Palmyra Program Open-File Report 2011–1007 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Hathaway, S.A., McEachern, K., and Fisher, R.N., 2011, Terrestrial forest management plan for Palmyra Atoll: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011–1007, 78 p. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. -
Arnold Guyot (1807-1884) and the Pestalozzian Approach to Geology Education
Arnold Guyot (1807-1884) and the Pestalozzian approach to geology education Autor(en): Wilson, Philip K. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Band (Jahr): 92 (1999) Heft 3 PDF erstellt am: 04.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-168674 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch 0012-9402/99/030321-5 $1.50 + 0.20/0 Eclogae geol. Helv. 92 (1999) 321-325 Birkhäuser Verlag. Basel. 1999 Arnold GUYOT (1807-1884) and the Pestalozzian approach to geology education Philip K.Wilson1 (Paper presented at the meeting of the International Commission on the History of the Geological Sciences (INHIGEO).