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Volume 15 Final 1-18 Volume 15/2013 Comparative Legilinguistics International Journal for Legal Communication Institute of Linguistics Faculty of Modern Languages and Literature Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Poland INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS LABORATORY OF LEGILINGUISTICS www.lingualegis.amu.edu.pl [email protected] KOMITET REDAKCYJNY/EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-chief: Aleksandra Matulewska Co-editor: Joanna Nowak-Michalska Sekretarze/Assistants: Swietlana Gaś, Karolina Gortych-Michalak, Joanna Grzybek External Members of the Editorial Board Łucja Biel, PhD, University of Gdańsk, Poland Christos Bintoudis, PhD, Greece/Poland Susan Blackwell, PhD, University of Birmingham, UK Sheng-Jie Chen, PhD, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan Ewa Kościałkowska-Okońska, PhD, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland Professor Larisa Krjukova, Tomsk State University, Russia Artur Kubacki, PhD, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Professor Lavinia Nădrag, Ovidius University, Constanţa, Romania Professor Natalja Netšunajeva, Public Service Academy, Estonia Kiriakos Papoulidis, PhD, Greece/Poland Professor Fernando Prieto Ramos, FTI, Université de Genève, Switzerland Professor Judith Rosenhouse, Swantech - Sound Waves Analysis and Technologies, Ltd. (before retirement: Technion I.I.T., Haifa, Israel) Section editor: Karolina Kaczmarek Linguistic editors: Jamila Oueslati for Arabic and French, Ya Nan Zhang for Chinese, Colin Phillips for English, Karsten Dahlmanns for German, Agnieszka Domagała and Piotr Wierzchoń for Polish, Swietłana Gaś for Russian, Eva María Rufo Sánchez-Román for Spanish Technical editor: Daria Zozula Adres Redakcji/Editorial Office Instytut Językoznawstwa Pracownia Legilingwistyki al. Niepodległości 4, pok. 218B 61-874 Poznań, Poland [email protected] Wydanie publikacji dofinansował Instytut Językoznawstwa Czasopismo znajduje się na liście ministerialnej czasopism punktowanych z 2012 roku z liczbą 8 punktów. The issue has been published with financial grant from the Institute of Linguistics, Poland. Copyright by Institute of Linguistics Printed in Poland ISSN 2080-5926 Nakład 100 egz. Redakcja i skład: Pracownia Legilingwistyki Druk: Zakład Graficzny Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza Table of Contents Preface 5 ARTICLES 1. Legal Language and Terminology Ilona DELEKTA (Poland) Consumer warranty as a genre 7 Karolina GORTYCH-MICHALAK, Joanna GRZYBEK (Poland) 19 Polysemic terms in Chinese, German, Greek and Polish legal language. A comparative study 2. Forensic linguistics Dan OPHIR (Israel) Computerized linguistics and psychology. 33 Overcoming the polygraph’s drawbacks Judith ROSENHOUSE (Israel) General and local issues in forensic 53 linguistics: Arabic as a case study Katarzyna STRĘBSKA (Poland) Causality relations in legal 69 judgments on the example of the European Court of Human Rights 3. Language Minorities Alina SZWAJCZUK (Poland) The legal status of Kashubian in 83 Poland 4. Reviews Marcus GALDIA. Towards global language of law. A review of 93 Comparative Legal Linguistics. Language of Law, Latin and Modern Lingua Franca by Heikki E.S. MATTILA, 2nd ed., 2013, Ashgate and Jurilinguistique comparée. Langage du droit, latin et langues modernes by Heikki E.S. MATTILA, 2012. Éditions Yvon Blais Joanna NOWAK-MICHALSKA. Spanish and law – 101 interdisciplinary insights. A review of Lengua y Derecho: líneas de investigación interdisciplinaria. Linguisic Insights 130. Studies in Language and Communication, edited by Luisa Chierichetti and Giovanni Garofalo, 2010. Peter Lang Spis treści Wprowadzenie 5 ARTYKUŁY 1. Język prawa i terminologia prawna Ilona DELEKTA (Poland) Gwarancja konsumencka jako gatunek 7 wypowiedzi Karolina GORTYCH-MICHALAK, Joanna GRZYBEK (Poland) 19 Terminy wieloznaczne w chińskim, niemieckim, greckim i polskim języku prawa 2. Językoznawstwo sądowe Dan OPHIR (Izrael) Skomputeryzowana lingwistyka 33 i psychologia. Pokonując ograniczenia poligrafu Judith ROSENHOUSE (Izrael) Problematyka ogólna i lokalna 53 w lingwistyce sądowej na przykładzie języka arabskiego Katarzyna STRĘBSKA (Poland) Relacje przyczynowości 69 w wyrokach sądowych na przykładzie europejskiego trybunału praw człowieka 3. Mniejszości językowe Alina SZWAJCZUK (Poland) Status prawny języka kaszubskiego 83 w Polsce 4. Recenzje Marcus GALDIA. Ku światowemu językowi prawa. Recenzja 93 książek Heikkiego E.S. MATTILY Comparative Legal Linguistics. Language of Law, Latin and Modern Lingua Franca, 2nd ed., 2013, Ashgate oraz Jurilinguistique comparée. Langage du droit, latin et langues modernes, 2012. Éditions Yvon Blais Joanna NOWAK-MICHALSKA. Język hiszpański i prawo – 101 badania interdyscyplinarne. Recenzja książki Lengua y Derecho: líneas de investigación interdisciplinaria. Linguisic Insights 130. Studies in Language and Communication, redakcja Luisa Chierichetti i Giovanni Garofalo, 2010. Peter Lang Ilona DELEKTA, Consumer Warranty… Preface This volume of Comparative Legilinguistics contains six articles and two reviews. Two papers deal with legal language and terminology, three with forensic linguistics and one with language minorities. The first one written by Ilona DELEKTA (Poland) titled Consumer Warranty as a Genre touches upon the structure and specific linguistic features of consumer warranties. The research has been based on the analysis of the corpus composed of 110 texts belonging to that genre. The second text written by Karolina GORTYCH- MICHALAK and Joanna GRZYBEK from Poland ( Polysemic Terms in Chinese, German, Greek and Polish Legal Language. A Comparative Study ) describes the phenomenon of polysemy in the Chinese, German, Greek and Polish legal languages. The authors illustrate their findings with examples from those four languages. The second section is devoted to forensic linguistics problems in broad sense. Dan OPHIR from Israel ( Computerized linguistics and psychology. Overcoming the polygraph’s drawbacks ) presents the possibility of taking advantage of modern IT in legal settings. Judith ROSENHOUSE, also from Israel ( General and local issues in forensic linguistics: Arabic as a case study ) provides an insight into forensic linguistics in speech mode and in writing with reference to the Arabic language. Katarzyna STR ĘBSKA (Poland) in her article titled Causality relations in legal judgments on the example of the European Court of Human Rights discusses the problem of relations of casuality in judgments. The third section contains only one paper of Alina SZWAJCZUK from Poland (The legal status of Kashubian in Poland ) devoted to the Kashubian minority in Poland and the rights recently acquired by that ethnic group The last section contains two reviews. Marcus GALDIA reviews two books, namely: (i) Comparative Legal Linguistics. Language of Law, Latin and Modern Lingua Franca by Heikki E.S. MATTILA (2 nd ed., 2013, published by Ashgate) and (ii) Jurilinguistique comparée. Langage du droit, latin et langues modernes by Heikki E.S. MATTILA (2012 published by Éditions Yvon Blais). Joanna NOWAK- MICHALSKA provides a review of Lengua y Derecho: líneas de investigación interdisciplinaria. Linguisic Insights 130. Studies in Language and Communication (edited by Luisa Chierichetti and Giovanni Garofalo and published by Peter Lang in 2010). The editors hope that this volume of our journal will be of interest to its readers. 5 CONSUMER WARRANTY AS A GENRE Ilona DELEKTA, M.A. Institute of East Slavonic Languages, University of Silesia ul. Grota-Roweckiego 5, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland [email protected] Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present genre specificity of the consumer warranty and various factors determining its structure and language as well as consumer regulations. Warranty is a type of document that is commonly used and widely known. However, a possibility of different interpretations of warranty content can lead to its incomprehensibility and/or misinterpretation and have specific legal consequences. The author analysed English version of 110 warranty documents for consumer goods. The collected research material indicates a structural and syntactic diversity of warranty documents. It also illustrates how content and the language of the document might facilitate or hinder its correct interpretation. Key words: consumer warranty, genre, correct interpretation, readability. GWARANCJA KONSUMENCKA JAKO GATUNEK WYPOWIEDZI Abstrakt: Celem artykułu jest omówienie specyfiki gatunkowej gwarancji konsumenckiej, a także różne czynniki determinujące jej strukturę i język (w tym przepisy konsumenckie). Gwarancja jest rodzajem dokumentu stosowanego i znanego powszechnie. Niejednokrotnie jednak możliwość różnej interpretacji języka i treści gwarancji wpływa na jej niezrozumiałość i/lub utrudnia jej prawidłową interpretację. Rodzi to określone konsekwencje prawne. Autorka poddała analizie 110 gwarancji konsumenckich w angielskiej wersji językowej. Zebrany materiał badawczy wskazuje na zróżnicowanie strukturalno-semantyczne dokumentów gwarancyjnych. Pozwala również stwierdzić w jaki sposób treść lub język dokumentu może ułatwić bądź utrudnić poprawną interpretację treści zawartych w gwarancji. Warranty etymology and some facts from its history According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the term warranty is traced back to the Anglo-French and Old North French warantie or garantie. In English it was used for the first time in the mid-14th century. However, the concept of warranty is as old as trade, one of the oldest human activities. Due to the need for some trade standards, product warranty was
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