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2020 Department of Defense Language Codes List

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2020 Department of Defense Language Codes List The 2020 Department of Defense Language Codes List features 94 new languages and 17 alternate names to existing languages. The new language codes and alternate names appear in bold blue italics on the list. The equivalent digraph codes remains on the list to aid in the identification of the DoD formal language name and trigraph codes. Language codes identified as retired have an Effective End Date. Codes associated with these mainly language families or groups are not to be used for DoD reporting requirements after the End Date. The Start Date is the approximate date when the trigraph code was adopted as a DoD standard code. Languages with more than one digraph code can only be used to convert to trigraph codes and cannot be used to convert trigraph codes to digraph codes. For example Arabic-Maghrebi has AM and QW digraph codes; these codes can only be used to convert from digraph to trigraph code but cannot be used to convert from trigraph to digraph code. Trigraph Digraph Start End DoD Language Name Alternate Name Code Code Date Date ACE AF ACHINESE 20040101 ACH AH ACHOLI 20040101 ADY AG ADIGEY ADYGHE 20040101 AAR AFAR 20200131 AFR AA AFRIKAANS 20040101 AFA TZ AFRO-ASIAN 20040101 20141201 AIQ AIMAQ 20200131 AKA FB AKAN 20040101 KPO BC AKPOSSO IKPOSO 20040101 SQI AB ALBANIAN 20040101 ALN ALBANIAN-GHEG 20040101 ALS ALBANIAN-TOSK 20040101 ALE ALEUT 20040101 MYG CR AMASHI 20040101 ASE SI AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE 20040101 AMH AC AMHARIC 20040101 APA APACHE 20040101 ARA AZ ARABIC 20040101 ARB AD / QE ARABIC (MODERN STANDARD)¹ ARABIC-EASTERN 20040101 ARQ DH ARABIC-ALGERIAN 20040101 1 of 18 Trigraph Digraph Start End DoD Language Name Alternate Name Code Code Date Date ABV ARABIC-BAHARNA 20200131 SHU ARABIC-CHADIAN ARABIC-SHUWA 20091001 QAC AJ ARABIC-CLASSICAL 20040101 ARZ AE ARABIC-EGYPTIAN 20040101 QAG DG ARABIC-GULF 20040101 AYH ARABIC-HADRAMI 20200131 MEY QH ARABIC-HASSANIYYA ARABIC-MAURITANIA 20091001 ACW ARABIC-HIJAZI 20200131 QAI QI ARABIC-IRAQI 20040401 QAJ AK ARABIC-JORDANIAN 20040101 QLB AQ ARABIC-LEBANESE 20040101 QAV QL ARABIC-LEVANTINE 20091001 AYL AL ARABIC-LIBYAN 20040101 QAM AM / QW ARABIC-MAGHREBI¹ ARABIC-WESTERN 20040101 ACM ARABIC-MESOPOTAMIAN 20200131 ARY BS ARABIC-MOROCCAN 20040101 ARS ARABIC-NAJDI 20200131 APC ARABIC-NORTH LEVANTINE 20200131 ACX ARABIC-OMANI 20200131 AYN ARABIC-SANAANI 20200131 AEC ARABIC-SAIDI 20200131 QAS AN ARABIC-SAUDI ARABIC-PENINSULA 20040101 AJP ARABIC-SOUTH LEVANTINE 20200131 APD AV ARABIC-SUDANESE 20040101 PGA ARABIC-SUDANESE CREOLE ARABIC-JUBA 20200131 ACQ ARABIC-TAIZZI ADENI ARABIC-SOUTHERN YEMENI 20200131 AEB BW ARABIC-TUNISIAN 20040101 QAY AU ARABIC-YEMENI 20040101 SYR AT ARAMAIC 20040101 HYE AR ARMENIAN ARMENIAN-EASTERN 20040101 ART XZ ARTIFICIAL 20040101 20141201 ASM AS ASSAMESE 20040101 AII XY ASSYRIAN 20040101 AVA AW AVAR 20040101 2 of 18 Trigraph Digraph Start End DoD Language Name Alternate Name Code Code Date Date AVE XB AVESTAN 20040101 AWA AWADHI 20200131 AYM AY AYMARA 20040101 AZE AX AZERBAIJANI 20040101 AZJ AZERBAIJANI-NORTH 20040101 AZB AZERBAIJANI-SOUTH 20040101 BDQ BB BAHNAR 20040101 BRI BK BAKWERI 20040101 BLE BALANTA-KENTOHE 20200131 BAN BD BALINESE 20040101 BAL BT BALOCHI 20040101 BGP BALOCHI-EASTERN 20141201 BCC BALOCHI-SOUTHERN MAKRANI 20141201 BGN BALOCHI-WESTERN RAKHSHANI 20141201 BAT WZ BALTIC 20040101 20141201 BAM BAMBARA BAMANANKAN 20200131 BAI BJ BAMILIKE 20040101 LIY BANDA-BAMBARI 20200131 BPD BANDA-BANDA 20200131 BQK BANDA-MBRES 20200131 BJO BANDA-MID SOUTHERN 20200131 BFL BANDA-NDELE 20200131 LNL BANDA-SOUTH CENTRAL 20200131 TOR BANDA-TOGBO VARA 20200131 BBP BANDA-WEST CENTRAL 20200131 YAJ BANDA-YANGERE 20200131 BNT BZ BANTU 20040101 BAK BP BASHKIR 20040101 EUS BQ BASQUE 20040101 BAS EC BASSA (CAMAROONS) BASA (CAMEROON) 20040101 BSQ BG BASSA-KRU BASSA 20040101 BTK BF BATAK 20040101 QBA BH BAULE 20040101 BEJ BE BEJA BEDAWI, BEDAWIYET 20040101 3 of 18 Trigraph Digraph Start End DoD Language Name Alternate Name Code Code Date Date BEL BL BELORUSSIAN 20040101 BEM BM BEMBA 20040101 BEN BN BENGALI 20040101 BER BR BERBER 20040101 BTB BETI 20040101 20141201 BHB BHILI 20040101 BDT BHOGOTO 20200131 BHO BHOJPURI 20200131 BIK CG BICOL BIKOL 20040101 BIH BV BIHARI 20040101 BIN CU BINI 20040101 BLA BLACKFOOT 20040101 BOS QO BOSNIAN 20091001 BRH BRAHUI 20040101 BRE BX BRETON 20040101 QBG CE BUGINESE-MAKASSARESE 20040101 BUL BU BULGARIAN 20040101 MYA BY BURMESE MYANMAR 20040101 BSK BURUSHASKI 20040101 FRC CAJUN 20040101 KHM CA CAMBODIAN KHMER 20040101 CAT CB CATALAN 20040101 CEB VB CEBUANO 20040101 CLD XC CHALDEAN 20040101 CBK HV CHAVACANO 20040101 CHE CK CHECHEN 20040101 CHR CHEROKEE 20040101 CGG CHIGA 20040101 ZHO CZ CHINESE 20040101 NAN YD / CD CHINESE-AMOY¹ SHOUTH MIN, TEOCHEW 20040101 CZH CN CHINESE-ANHWEI CHINESE-HUIZHOU 20040101 YUE CC CHINESE-CANTONESE CHINESE-YUE 20040101 MNP CQ CHINESE-FUCHOW 20040101 QMN CF CHINESE-FUKIENESE 20040101 4 of 18 Trigraph Digraph Start End DoD Language Name Alternate Name Code Code Date Date GAN CHINESE-GAN 20040101 HAK CH CHINESE-HAKKA 20040101 HSN CHINESE-HSIANG 20040101 CMN CM / DR CHINESE-MANDARIN¹ CHINESE-STANDARD 20040101 CDO CHINESE-MIN DONG 20200131 QCS YE CHINESE-SWATOW 20040101 QTO CT CHINESE-TOISHAN 20040101 WUU CS CHINESE-WU 20040101 CTG CHITTAGONIAN 20200131 CHO CHOCTAW 20040101 CJK CY CHOKWE 20040101 CKT CV CHUKCHI 20040101 CHV CHUVASH 20040101 SWB COMORIAN 20040101 QEU JZ CONTINENTAL EURASIAN 20040101 20141201 COP CL COPTIC 20040101 20141201 COR CP CORNISH 20040101 CRE CREE 20040101 HRV CROATIAN 20091001 CES CX CZECH 20040101 DAK DAKOTA 20040101 DAN DA DANISH 20040101 DZG DAZAGA 20200131 DIQ DIMLI 20040101 DIN DJ DINKA 20040101 DIV DV DIVEHI MALDIVIAN 20040101 QDS DB DJERMA-SONGHAI ZARMA 20040101 DOI DOGRI-KANGRI 20040101 DUA DL DUALA 20040101 NLD DU / FL DUTCH¹ FLEMISH 20040101 DCR DW DUTCH-CREOLE 20040101 DZO DK DZONGKHA 20040101 EFI EF EFIK 20040101 ENG EN ENGLISH 20040101 5 of 18 Trigraph Digraph Start End DoD Language Name Alternate Name Code Code Date Date JAM ENGLISH CARIBBEAN CREOLE 20040101 QES EK ESKIMO 20040101 EPO EL ESPERANTO 20040101 EST ES ESTONIAN 20040101 EWE EW EWE 20040101 EWO EX EWONDO 20040101 FNG GX FANA 20040101 QFB FA FANG 20040101 FAO FD FAROESE 20040101 FIJ FG FIJIAN 20040101 FIN FJ FINNISH 20040101 FON FQ FON 20040101 QFO FM FORMOSAN 20040101 FRA FR FRENCH 20040101 CPF FRENCH-CREOLE 20040101 FRY FE FRISIAN 20040101 FUL FV FULAH FULANI 20040101 FUR FUR 20200131 FUD FUTNIAN 20040101 FUF FUUTA JALON PULAR 20040101 GAA GB GA 20040101 GLG GALICIAN 20040101 ORM GA GALLA OROMO 20040101 GBP GBAYA-BOSSANGOA 20200131 GBQ GBAYA-BOZOUM 20200131 GMM GBAYA-MBDOMO 20200131 GYA GBAYA-NORTHWEST 20200131 GSO GBAYA-SOUTHWEST 20200131 SXW GBE SAXWE 20200131 AYB GBE-AYIZO 20200131 CIB GBE-CI 20200131 GBH GBE-DEFI 20200131 GBX GBE-EASTERN XWLA 20200131 GBS GBE-GBESI 20200131 6 of 18 Trigraph Digraph Start End DoD Language Name Alternate Name Code Code Date Date KGK GBE-KOTAFON 20200131 MXL GBE-MAXI 20200131 TFI GBE-TOFIN 20200131 WCI GBE-WACI 20200131 WEM GBE-WEME 20200131 XWL GBE-WESTERN XWLA 20200131 XWE GBE-XWELA 20200131 KAT GG GEORGIAN 20040101 DEU GM GERMAN 20040101 BAR GT GERMAN-BAVARIAN 20040101 GEM MZ GERMANIC 20040101 GSW GS GERMAN-SWISS 20040101 GLK GILAKI 20040101 GOG GOGO 20040101 GON GQ GONDI 20040101 GOT GD GOTHIC 20040101 ELL GR GREEK 20040101 QGN GE GREEK (NEW TESTAMENT) 20040101 QGD GREEK DEMOTIC 20040101 QGK GREEK KATHAREVOUSA 20040101 GRC YG GREEK-ANCIENT 20040101 CHA CJ GUAMANIAN CHAMORRO 20040101 GRN GU GUARANI 20040101 GUJ GW GUJARATI 20040101 GUZ GUSII EKEGUSII 20040101 HDY HADIYYA 20040101 HAT HC HAITIAN-CREOLE 20040101 HNI HANI HAW 20200131 HAU HS HAUSA 20040101 HAW HA HAWAIIAN 20040101 HWC HAWAIIAN-CREOLE 20040101 HAY HAYA 20040101 HAZ HAZARAGI 20091001 HEB HE HEBREW 20040101 7 of 18 Trigraph Digraph Start End DoD Language Name Alternate Name Code Code Date Date HBO YH HEBREW-ANCIENT 20040101 HER HR HERERO 20040101 HIL VH HILIGAYNON 20040101 HIN HJ HINDI 20040101 HNO HINDKO-NORTHERN 20200131 QHN HN HINDUSTANI 20040101 HMO HIRI MOTU 20200131 HMN MC HMONG 20040101 HOC HO 20040101 HOP HOPI 20040101 HUN HU HUNGARIAN 20040101 IBA JD IBAN 20040101 IBG JE IBANAG 20040101 IBO JB IBO IGBO 20040101 ISL JC ICELANDIC 20040101 IJO JJ IJAW 20040101 ILB JF ILA-TONGA 20040101 ILO JL ILOCANO 20040101 INC OZ / QZ INDIC¹ 20040101 INE RZ INDO-EUROPEAN 20040101 20141201 IND JN INDONESIAN 20040101 GLE GF / GL IRISH¹ GAELIC, IRISH 20040101 ITA JT ITALIAN 20040101 NAP JM ITALIAN-NEAPOLITAN 20040101 SRD JK ITALIAN-SARDINIAN 20040101 SCN JS ITALIAN-SICILIAN 20040101 JPN JA JAPANESE 20040101 JRA JR JARAI 20040101 JAV JV JAVANESE 20040101 DYO JOLA-FONYI 20200131 CSK JOLA-KASA 20200131 KBP KT KABRE KABIYE 20040101 KAB KY KABYLE 20040101 KAC KH KACHIN 20040101 8 of 18 Trigraph Digraph Start End DoD Language Name Alternate Name Code Code Date Date QDK KADAZAN-DUSUN 20040101 KAL KALAALLISUT INUKTITUT 20200131 KAM KAMBA 20040101 KTB JG KAMBATTA 20040101 KAN KA KANARESE 20040101 KAU JH KANURI 20040101 KNC KANURI-CENTRAL 20200131 KPG GP KAPINGAMARANGI 20040101 KRC DC KARACHAI-BALKHAR 20040101 KAR KC KAREN 20040101 KAS KB KASHMIRI 20040101 CSB KR KASHUBIAN 20040101 KAZ KE KAZAKH 20040101 QKE KERES 20040101 QSB KD KHERWARI KHIRWAR 20040101 QUC KICHE 20200131 KON KG KIKONGO KOONGO 20040101 KIK KJ KIKUYU GIKUYU 20040101 KMB KK KIMBUNDU 20040101 KIN KL KINYARWANDA RWANDA 20040101 KIR KM KIRGHIZ 20040101 GIL KIRIBATI 20040101 RUN KF / RN KIRUNDI¹ RUNDI 20040101 QKS KS KISSI 20040101 KTU KN KITUBA 20040101 KOK KQ KONKANIS 20040101 KOR KP KOREAN 20040101 KPE KV KPELLE 20040101
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    Asia in Motion: Geographies and Genealogies Organized by With support from from PRIMUS Visual Histories of South Asia Foreword by Christopher Pinney Edited by Annamaria Motrescu-Mayes and Marcus Banks This book wishes to introduce the scholars of South Asian and Indian History to the in-depth evaluation of visual research methods as the research framework for new historical studies. This volume identifies and evaluates the current developments in visual sociology and digital anthropology, relevant to the study of contemporary South Asian constructions of personal and national identities. This is a unique and excellent contribution to the field of South Asian visual studies, art history and cultural analysis. This text takes an interdisciplinary approach while keeping its focus on the visual, on material cultural and on art and aesthetics. – Professor Kamran Asdar Ali, University of Texas at Austin 978-93-86552-44-0 u Royal 8vo u 312 pp. u 2018 u HB u ` 1495 u $ 71.95 u £ 55 Hidden Histories Religion and Reform in South Asia Edited by Syed Akbar Hyder and Manu Bhagavan Dedicated to Gail Minault, a pioneering scholar of women’s history, Islamic Reformation and Urdu Literature, Hidden Histories raises questions on the role of identity in politics and private life, memory and historical archives. Timely and thought provoking, this book will be of interest to all who wish to study how the diverse and plural past have informed our present. Hidden Histories powerfully defines and celebrates a field that has refused to be occluded by majoritarian currents. – Professor Kamala Visweswaran, University of California, San Diego 978-93-86552-84-6 u Royal 8vo u 324 pp.
  • Toponymic Guidelines of Poland

    Toponymic Guidelines of Poland

    TOPONYMIC GUIDELINES OF POLAND for Map Editors and Other Users Third Revised Edition GŁÓWNY URZĄD GEODEZJI I KARTOGRAFII HEAD OFFICE OF GEODESY AND CARTOGRAPHY Warszawa 2002 7 GŁÓWNY URZĄD GEODEZJI I KARTOGRAFII Ul. Wspólna 2 00-926 Warszawa POLSKA Prepared by Ewa Wolnicz-Pawłowska Updated by Joanna Strzelecka Scientific Consultants Marian Jurkowski, Jerzy Ostrowski Reviewed by Andrzej Czerny, Maksymilian Skotnicki Translated by Michał Okonek Editors Izabella Krauze-Tomczyk, Jerzy Ostrowski © Copyright by Główny Geodeta Kraju ISBN 83-239-4555-1 Typesetting and Printing: Instytut Geodezji i Kartografii, Warszawa 8 CONTENTS Publisher’sNote..................................... 5 I.Language.......................................... 7 1.GeneralCharacteristics............................... 7 2.PolishLiteraryLanguage............................. 8 ThePolishAlphabet................................ 8 Basic Rules of Polish Spelling ........................ 11 Rules of Pronunciation.............................. 11 Rules for Spelling of Geographical Names .............. 14 3.DialectsofPolish................................... 16 4.OriginofGeographicalNamesinPoland.................17 II.GeographicalNamesStandardizationinPoland.........20 1. History and Organization of the Geographical NamesStandardization............................... 20 2.RulesoftheStandardizationofGeographicalNames....... 22 3. Geographical Names Authorities ....................... 23 III. Sources .......................................... 24 1.MapsandAtlases..................................