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Operationalisierung Der Regionalen Verwundbarkeit Der Energiewende

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Operationalisierung Der Regionalen Verwundbarkeit Der Energiewende Operationalisierung der regionalen Verwundbarkeit der Energiewende Progress report 3a: Konzeptionalisierung der Verwundbarkeit und Operationalisierung des flächendeckenden Resilienzkonzepts Andreas Exner EB&P Umweltbüro GmbH Julian Matzenberger EEG TU Wien DI Dr. Rosemarie Stangl 7.2. 2013, Klagenfurt und Wien 1 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... 6 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 7 3 STRUKTUR DES BERICHTS ................................................................................................. 13 3.1 Methodische Grundlagen ....................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Abfolge der Fragestellungen ................................................................................................. 14 4 DEFINITION VON RESILIENZ .............................................................................................. 15 4.1 Begriffsgeschichte der Resilienz ............................................................................................ 15 4.2 Gesellschaftlicher Kontext des Resilienzdiskurses ............................................................ 15 4.2.1 Theorem des „survival of the fittest“ ................................................................................ 19 4.3 Emanzipatorische Operationalisierung von Resilienz ...................................................... 22 4.3.1 Lebensqualität und Daseinsgrundfunktionen ................................................................ 24 4.4 Resilienz, Verwundbarkeit und Anpassungsfähigkeit ......................................................25 4.5 Community-Resilienz ............................................................................................................. 28 4.5.1 Begriff, Konzept und Anwendung ..................................................................................... 28 4.5.2 Sozialkapital und Community-Resilienz ........................................................................... 33 5 PEAK OIL-MODELL ............................................................................................................ 37 5.1 Fossiles Energieregime und kapitalistische Produktionsweise ...................................... 38 5.2 Ansätze zur Ableitung einzelner Peak Oil-Krisenmechanismen .................................... 46 5.2.1 Ökonometrischer Ansatz .................................................................................................... 46 5.2.2 Profitratenanalyse ............................................................................................................... 47 5.2.3 Systemdynamischer Ansatz ................................................................................................ 53 5.2.4 Geopolitischer Ansatz .........................................................................................................60 5.2.5 Historischer Ansatz .............................................................................................................. 76 5.2.6 Resümee ................................................................................................................................ 88 6 THEORIE DER REZIPROZITÄT ........................................................................................... 89 6.1 Commons: Erforschung und Sichtweisen ...........................................................................90 6.2 Reziprozität als Struktur von Beziehung – Formen der Ökonomie ................................ 94 6.3 Formen der Reziprozität ........................................................................................................ 97 6.4 Die Verselbstständigung des Tausches ............................................................................... 98 3 6.5 Commons als Ausdruck von Reziprozität ......................................................................... 100 6.6 Solidarische Ökonomien als commonsbasierte Produktionsweisen ............................102 7 THEORIE SOZIALER GLEICHHEIT ..................................................................................... 108 7.1 Soziale Gleichheit, Gesundheit und Wohlstand .............................................................. 108 7.2 Kausaltheorie ......................................................................................................................... 114 7.3 Soziale Gleichheit und Ressourcenverbrauch .................................................................... 117 7.4 Gleichheit, Verantwortung, Demokratie und Innovation .............................................. 125 7.5 Schlussfolgerungen und Zwischenfazit .............................................................................. 131 8 THEORIE DES SOZIALKAPITALS ....................................................................................... 134 8.1 Allgemeines zur Theorielandschaft .................................................................................... 134 8.2 Die drei Komponenten des Sozialkapitals ......................................................................... 135 8.3 Die Messung von Sozialkapital ............................................................................................ 145 8.3.1 Bonding ................................................................................................................................ 146 8.3.2 Bridging................................................................................................................................. 150 8.3.3 Linking ................................................................................................................................... 178 9 THEORIE DER SOZIALEN INNOVATION .......................................................................... 180 9.1 Historische Bedeutung sozialer Innovation ..................................................................... 180 9.2 Strategic Niche Management und Multi-Level Perspective ........................................... 181 9.3 Fallbeispiele sozialer Basisinnovation ............................................................................... 184 9.3.1 Solidarische Ökonomie in Brasilien.................................................................................. 185 9.3.2 Städtische Landwirtschaft in Detroit .............................................................................. 186 9.3.3 Informations-Commons.................................................................................................... 188 9.3.4 Solidarische Ökonomie in Argentinien ............................................................................ 191 9.3.5 Protagonistische Demokratie in Venezuela .................................................................. 194 10 FAKTOREN TECHNISCHER RESILIENZ ............................................................................. 222 11 NORMATIVES LEITBILD ABSOLUTER RESILIENZ: SOLIDARISCHE POSTWACHSTUMSÖKONOMIE ...................................................................................... 224 12 INDIKATOREN DER RESILIENZ ........................................................................................ 229 12.1 Systemdynamisches Modell nach Vester ......................................................................... 230 12.2 Dimensionen und Kategorien der Resilienz ...................................................................... 233 4 12.3 Kalkulation eines Index der regionalen Resilienz ............................................................ 235 12.4 Bewertung der Resilienz der Regionen 2020 und 2050 .................................................. 237 12.5 Ableitung von Resilienzindikatoren aus Literaturrecherche, Fallstudien und Peak Oil- Modell ..................................................................................................................................... 238 13 ENDERGEBNIS: INDIKATOREN DER REGIONALEN RESILIENZ DER LEBENSQUALITÄT GEGENÜBER PEAK OIL UND VERGLEICHBAREN STRESSOREN .......................................240 13.1 Resilienzdimension "Infrastruktur i.w.S." ......................................................................... 240 13.1.1 Energiedienstleistung "Mobilität" .................................................................................. 240 13.1.2 Energiedienstleistung "Wärme" ...................................................................................... 242 13.1.3 Energiedienstleistung "Stromspezifische Anwendungen" ......................................... 243 13.1.4 Abhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern .................................................................... 244 13.1.5 Energietechnologien-Mix ................................................................................................. 244 13.1.6 Raumstruktur ...................................................................................................................... 246 13.2 Resilienzdimension "Sozio-ökonomisches System i.e.S." .............................................. 248 13.2.1 Reziprozität ("Sozialkapital") ........................................................................................... 248 13.2.2 Skills ("Humankapital") ......................................................................................................252 13.2.3 Konventionelle Wirtschaft ...............................................................................................
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