DOCSLIB.ORG

Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page Ii Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page Iii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page Ii Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page Iii Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page i Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian revolution Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page ii Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page iii Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian revolution Populism and democracy in a globalised age Barry Cannon Manchester University Press Manchester Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page iv Copyright © Barry Cannon 2009 The right of Barry Cannon to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by Manchester University Press Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 978 0 7190 7771 5 hardback ISBN 978 0 7190 7772 2 paperback First published 2009 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or any third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not gurantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Typeset by Helen Skelton, Brighton, UK Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page v Contents List of abbreviations and terms page vii List of tables xi Acknowledgements xiii Introduction 1 1 Populism and Latin America: context, causes, characteristics and consequences 12 2 Structural fractures, crises, the state and the emergence of Chávez 31 3 The leader and the led: hegemonic strategies in the leadership of Hugo Chávez 53 4 Populism, globalisation and the socioeconomic policies of the Chávez government 77 5 Democrat or authoritarian? Democracy in Bolivarian Venezuela in comparative perspective 111 6 The consequences and impact of populism: institutionalisation and democratisation in Chávez’s Venezuela 150 7 Venezuelan international relations in the age of globalisation 174 Conclusion: populism and democracy in a globalised age 203 Bibliography 209 Index 227 Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page vi Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page vii List of abbreviations and terms Abbreviations AD Acción Democrática (Democratic Action), one of the two main puntofijista political parties ALBA Alternativa Bolivariana para las Américas (Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas) ANC Assamblea Nacional Constituyente (National Constituent Assembly) APRA Allianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (Popular Revolutionary American Alliance), Peruvian political party CAN Community of Andean Nations CCD Congreso Constituyuente Democrático (Democratic Constitutional Congress). Constituent Assembly, Peru CEPR Center for Economic and Policy Research CICPC Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas (Scientific, Penal and Criminal Investigation Force), the Venzuelan forensic police CITGO US-based subsidiary of PdVSA CNE Consejo Nacional Electoral (National Election Council) COPEI Comité de Organización Política Electoral Independiente (Independent Electoral Committee for Political Organisation), the second most important puntofijista party COPRE Comisión Presidencial para la Reforma del Estado (Presidential Commission for the Reform of the State) CTV Confederación de Trabajadores de Venezuela (Venezuela Workers Council) DAI Development Alternatives Inc. DC Democratic Coordinator DEA US Drug Enforcement Agency Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page viii viii List of abbreviations and terms DISIP Dirección de los Servicios de Inteligencia y Prevención (Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services), the Venezuelan political police EAP economically active population ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean FAN Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales (National Armed Forces), the Venezuelan armed forces FARC Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia), Colombian guerrilla group FEDECAMARAS Federación de Camaras de Comercio y Produción (Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Production), the peak Venezuelan business association FTA free trade agreement FTAA Free Trade Area of the Americas GDP gross domestic product GN National Guard HDI human development index IDB Impuesto Débito Bancario (Banking Debit Tax) IFI international financial institutions, e.g.World Bank, IMF IMF International Monetary Fund IOs international organisations ISI import substitution industrialisation MAS Movimiento al Socialismo (Movement Towards Socialism) MBR-200 Movimiento Bolivariano Revolucionario (Bolivarian Republican Movement) MERCOSUR Mercado Común del Sur (Southern Common Market) MVR Movimiento Quinta Republica (Fifth Republic Movement), Venezuelan ruling party under Chávez NED National Endowment for Democracy NGO non-governmental organisation NICs newly industrialised countries OAS Organisation of American States OIT USAID Office of Transition Initiatives OPEC Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries PCV Partido Comunista Venezolano (Venzuelan Communist Party) PdVSA Petróleos de Venezuela (Venezuelan Petroleum), the Venezuelan state oil company PP Polo Patriotico (Patriotic Pole) PPT Patria Para Todos (Motherland For All) PSUV Partido Socialista Unido de Venzuela (United Socialist Party of Venezuela); replaced the MVR in 2007 SAP structural adjustment policy Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page ix List of abbreviations and terms ix SENIAT Servicio Nacional Integrado de Administración Aduanera y Tributaria (National Integrated Service for Customs and Taxation Administration), the Venezuelan tax agency SIN Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional (National Intelligence Service), Peru’s intelligence agency SUNAT Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria (National Superintendent for Taxation Administration), the Peruvian tax agency TNCs transnational corporations TSJ Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (Supreme Tribunal of Justice) UNASUR Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (Union of South American Nations) UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNT Unión Nacional de Trabajadores (National Worker’s Union, Venezuela) USAID United States international development cooperation agency WTO World Trade Organisation Terms autogolpe self-coup caracazo massacre carried out by the security forces during the second Pérez presidency in February 1989 caudillo leader, usually military chavismo refers to the ideology of the movement led by President Chávez and to the movement itself Constituyente the process of forming a new Constitution for Venezuela democradura substantive dictatorship within formal democracy fujimorismo refers to the ideology of the movement led by President Fujimori of Peru and to the movement itself. mestizaje miscegenation misiones the various social programmes installed by the Chávez govern- ment pardo mixed race paro civíco lockout/strike of 2002–03 partidocracia political system entirely dominated by political parties and their associates pueblo the people Punto Fijo the pre-Chávez period in Venezuela (1958–93) puntofijismo bipartisan democratic regime which ruled Venezuela between 1958 and 1999. So named after the agreement or pact signed between the main political parties in the home of Rafael Caldera, leader of COPEI, named Punto Fijo Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page x x List of abbreviations and terms rondas campesinas military-controlled vigilante groups, Peru venezolanidad the concept of being Venezuelan;Venezuelan identity Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page xi List of tables 1.1 Analytic framework page 25 1.2 Populism in a wider theoretical context 26 2.1 Class/race polarisation in Venezuela – poll data 2000–06 43 2.2 Social class sectors population breakdown:Venezuela 44 2.3 Racial category breakdown:Venezuela 44 5.1 Democracy and participation 114 Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page xii Cannon 00 20/8/09 04:12 Page xiii Acknowledgements I would like to extend my thanks to the following individuals and institutions for the help, encouragement and/or companionship they provided me during the time spent preparing this document: Professor Peadar Kirby, University of Limerick who while in the DCU School of Law and Government had faith in me and gave me the opportunity to realise this project, as well as providing constant and rigorous guidance. The rest of the staff of Law and Government, especially Dr John Doyle, Dr Gary Murphy and Mr David Doyle. Particular thanks goes to Julia Buxton, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, for a comprehensive review of the manuscript of this book and key recommendations without which it would not have achieved its present form.Thanks also to Diane Raby, Honorary Research Fellow, Institute of Latin American Studies of the University of Liverpool for reviewing the manuscript of this book and advising on its contents. A number of people provided information for this book or reviewed sections of this book, either in its thesis form or in its present book form. These were: Maxwell Cameron, University of British Columbia, Canada; Ronaldo Munck, DCU; Margarita López Maya, FACES, University of Caracas, Venezuela; Steve Ellner, Universidad del Oriente, Barcelona,Venezuela. Special thanks goes to, Dr Mo Hume, University of Glasgow – sorry about the lack of a gender perspective Mo! Thanks to all those who agreed to be interviewed in Spain, Venezuela and Peru. Also to the library staff of CICOB Barcelona, Spain, special thanks to staff of the Interlibrary Loans Section of DCU Library, and to all staff in the libraries and institutions which I visited in Ireland, Spain, Peru and Venezuela. This work is dedicated to my mother,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Threats to Academic Freedom in Venezuela: Legislative Im- Positions and Patterns of Discrimination Towards University Teachers and Students
    Interdisciplinary Political Studies http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/idps ISSN: 2039 -8573 (electronic version) IdPS, Issue 3(1) 2017: 145-169 DOI: 10.1285/ i20398573v3n1p145 Published in December 11, 2017 RESEARCH ARTICLE 145 Threats to Academic Freedom in Venezuela: Legislative Im- positions and Patterns of Discrimination Towards University Teachers and Students Mayda Hocevar Nelson Rivas University of Los Andes – Venezuela University of Los Andes – Venezuela David Gómez University of Zulia – Venezuela ABSTRACT As democracy is weakened and economic and social conditions deteriorate, there are increasing threats to academic freedom and autonomy in Venezuelan universities. Although academic freedom and university autonomy are legally and constitutionally recognized, public policies and ‘new legisla- tion’ undermine them. Military and paramilitary forces violently repress student protests. Frequent- ly, students are arbitrarily detained, physically attacked, and psychologically pressured through in- terrogations about their political views and their supposed "plans to destabilize the government". A parallel system of non-autonomous universities has been created under a pensée unique established by the Socialist Plans of the Nation. Discrimination has increased, both in autonomous and non- autonomous universities. This paper will expose the legal and political policies undermining aca- demic freedom in Venezuela under the governments of former president Hugo Chávez and current president Nicolás Maduro. Patterns of attacks against
    [Show full text]
  • Misión Madres Del Barrio: a Bolivarian Social Program Recognizing Housework and Creating a Caring Economy in Venezuela
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KU ScholarWorks MISIÓN MADRES DEL BARRIO: A BOLIVARIAN SOCIAL PROGRAM RECOGNIZING HOUSEWORK AND CREATING A CARING ECONOMY IN VENEZUELA BY Cory Fischer-Hoffman Submitted to the graduate degree program in Latin American Studies and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s of Arts. Committee members Elizabeth Anne Kuznesof, Phd. ____________________ Chairperson Tamara Falicov, Phd. ____________________ Mehrangiz Najafizadeh, Phd. ____________________ Date defended: May 8, 2008 The Thesis Committee for Cory Fischer-Hoffman certifies that this is the approved Version of the following thesis: MISIÓN MADRES DEL BARRIO: A BOLIVARIAN SOCIAL PROGRAM RECOGNIZING HOUSEWORK AND CREATING A CARING ECONOMY IN VENEZUELA Elizabeth Anne Kuznesof, Phd. ________________________________ Chairperson Date approved:_______________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is a product of years of activism in the welfare rights, Latin American solidarity, and global justice movements. Thank you to all of those who I have worked and struggled with. I would especially like to acknowledge Monica Peabody, community organizer with Parents Organizing for Welfare and Economic Rights (formerly WROC) and all of the welfare mamas who demand that their caring work be truly valued. Gracias to my compas, Greg, Wiley, Simón, Kaya, Tessa and Caro who keep me grounded and connected to movements for justice, and struggle along side me. Thanks to my thesis committee for helping me navigate through the bureaucracy of academia while asking thoughtful questions and providing valuable guidance. I am especially grateful to the feedback and editing support that my dear friends offered just at the moment when I needed it.
    [Show full text]
  • Alba and Free Trade in the Americas
    CUBA AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE GLOBAL TRADE SYSTEMS: ALBA AND FREE TRADE IN THE AMERICAS LARRY CATÁ BACKER* & AUGUSTO MOLINA** ABSTRACT The ALBA (Alternativa Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América) (Bolivarian Alternative for The People of Our America), the command economy alternative to the free trade model of globalization, is one of the greatest and least understood contributions of Cuba to the current conversation about globalization and economic harmonization. Originally conceived as a means for forging a unified front against the United States by Cuba and Venezuela, the organization now includes Nicaragua, Honduras, Dominica, and Bolivia. ALBA is grounded in the notion that globalization cannot be left to the private sector but must be overseen by the state in order to maximize the welfare of its citizens. The purpose of this Article is to carefully examine ALBA as both a system of free trade and as a nexus point for legal and political resistance to economic globalization and legal internationalism sponsored by developed states. The Article starts with an examination of ALBA’s ideology and institutionalization. It then examines ALBA as both a trade organization and as a political vehicle for confronting the power of developed states in the trade context within which it operates. ALBA remains * W. Richard and Mary Eshelman Faculty Scholar and Professor of Law, Dickinson Law School; Affiliate Professor, School of International Affairs, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and Director, Coalition for Peace & Ethics, Washington, D.C. The author may be contacted at [email protected]. An earlier version of this article was presented at the Conference, The Measure of a Revolution: Cuba 1959-2009, held May 7–9, 2009 at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Corruption and Anti-Corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness
    University of Central Florida STARS Honors Undergraduate Theses UCF Theses and Dissertations 2020 Corruption and Anti-corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness Kia R. Del Solar University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the UCF Theses and Dissertations at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Del Solar, Kia R., "Corruption and Anti-corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness" (2020). Honors Undergraduate Theses. 698. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses/698 CORRUPTION AND ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCIES: ASSESSING PERUVIAN AGENCIES’ EFFECTIVENESS by KIA DEL SOLAR PATIÑO A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Majors Program in Political Science in the School of Politics, Security, and International Affairs and in the Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term, 2020 Thesis Chair: Bruce Wilson, Ph.D. Abstract Corruption has gained attention around the world as a prominent issue. This is because corruption has greatly affected several countries. Following the exploration of various definitions and types of corruption, this thesis focuses on two efforts to rein in “grand corruption”, also known as executive corruption. The thesis is informed by existing theories of corruption as well as anti- corruption agencies and then situates Peru’s experience with corruption in its theoretical context and its broader Latin American context.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transformational Potential of Higher Education Inclusion
    n the fi eld of higher education research, one of the most fascinating observations is the consistent and permanent expansion of higher education systems worldwide since theI end of the Second World War. Undoubtedly, the predominant approach to address Jesús Humberto Pineda Olivieri these developments has been through quantitative analysis, as well as international comparisons. The following work examines the particularities of the Venezuelan context with the aim of identifying specifi c features of this worldwide phenomenon in this South The Transformational Potential American case. Through a combination of qualitative methods, the author proposes a of Higher Education Inclusion biographical approach for the study of higher education inclusion processes, which takes into account the perspectives and experiences of those who have been targeted by an ambitious higher education expansion process. The most distinctive feature of this work Biographical Trajectories of Students would be its methodological contribution to the fi eld of higher education research. One from Disadvantaged Environments could also argue that the ethnographic account of the Bolivarian Missions of education in Venezuela in Chavez’s Venezuela is both original and unprecedented. Furthermore, the writing approach bridges the interests of both academics, practitioners of the fi eld and members of the general public. Jesús Humberto Pineda Olivieri The Transformational Potential of Higher Education Inclusion ISBN: 978-3-86395-310-2 Universitätsverlag Göttingen Universitätsverlag
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Hugo Chávez's Use of Mimetisation to Build a Populist
    Exploring Hugo Chávez’s use of mimetisation to build a populist hegemony in Venezuela Elena Block Rincones MSc, BA A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2013 School of Journalism and Communication Abstract “You too are Chávez”… (Hugo Chávez, 2012i) This thesis examines the political communication style developed by Hugo Chávez in his hegemonic construction of power and collective identity during the 14 years he governed Venezuela. This thesis is located in the field of political communication. A culturalist approach is used for the case, which prioritises issues of culture and power and acknowledges the role of human agency. Thus, it specifically focuses on the way the late President appears to have incrementally built an emotional, mimetic bond with his publics in a process that culminated in the mimetisation of the leader and his followers in a new collective, but top-down, identity called Chávez. This process expresses a hegemonic dynamic that involved the displacement of former dominant groups and rearrangement of power relations in Venezuela. The logic of mimetisation proposes an incremental logic of articulation whereby I tried to make sense of Chávez’s political communication style and success. It involves the study of the thread that joined together key elements in Chávez’s political communication style: hegemony and identity construction, political culture, populism, mediatisation, and communicational government. It is a style that appears to have exceeded classic populist forms of communication based on exerting an appeal to the people, towards more inclusive, participatory, symbolic-pragmatic forms of practising political communication that may have constituted the key to Chávez’s political success for 14 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori's Extradition Process
    Law and Business Review of the Americas Volume 14 Number 3 Article 8 2008 Former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori's Extradition Process Patricio Noboa Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/lbra Recommended Citation Patricio Noboa, Former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori's Extradition Process, 14 LAW & BUS. REV. AM. 621 (2008) https://scholar.smu.edu/lbra/vol14/iss3/8 This Comment and Case Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law and Business Review of the Americas by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. FORMER PERUVIAN PRESIDENT ALBERTO FUJIMORI'S EXTRADITION PROCESS Patricio Noboa* I. INTRODUCTION "gAlguna duda, ingeniero? ZMe van a enmarrocar?... No, eso no ocurrird" ATURDAY, September 22 of 2007, 5:12 p.m., Peruvian time. After seven years of exile, Alberto Fujimori, Peru's strongman president from 1990 to 2000, returns to Peru. 2 This historical event takes place one day after the Chilean Supreme Court's long-anticipated deci- sion granting the Peruvian government's request to extradite Mr. Fujimori so that he can be prosecuted in Peru for claims of crimes against humanity and corruption, which allegedly took place during his time in office.3 Former President Fujimori's controversial career is an issue that has divided the Peruvian opinion. To his supporters, Mr. Fujimori is the man who saved Peru "from the twin evils of terrorism and economic col- lapse."'4 Thus, he is remembered with gratitude by some of the Peruvian population for "crush[ing] the Shining Path guerrillas, stabili[zing] the economy' 5 by overcoming hyperinflation, and "buil[ding] schools and *Patricio Noboa received his Bachelor in Law from the School of Law and Political Science at the University of Lima in Lima, Peru, and his Masters of Law in Com- parative and International Law from the Dedman School of Law at Southern Methodist University.
    [Show full text]
  • Leftist Populism and Sustainable Development in Latin America Carina Kjelstad Seton Hall University
    Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) 5-2006 Leftist Populism and Sustainable Development in Latin America Carina Kjelstad Seton Hall University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations Part of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Leadership Studies Commons, and the Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons Recommended Citation Kjelstad, Carina, "Leftist Populism and Sustainable Development in Latin America" (2006). Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs). 2385. https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2385 Leftist Populism and Sustainable Development in Latin America Master's Thesis DIPL6312JA By Carina Kjelstad Advisor: Professor Margarita Balmaceda Second Reader: Professor Maria Gomez-Mera May 2006 APPROVAL OF MASTER'S THESIS DEFENSE tANDIDATE APPROVED BY MENTOR EMEMBER ( � ASSO� OF ACADEMIC AFFAIRS Abstract Sustainable development still remains the best option to secure a viable future. Why are some leaders more prone to implement sustainable development policies than others, and does the leaders' political orientation affect such decision-making? Leaders are often faced with constraints that make them choose policies that do not necessarily lead to sustainability from an ecological point of view. This thesis addresses these issues by examining two case studies that involve an analysis of the sustainable development policies implemented by President Lula in Brazil and President Chavez in Venezuelaand the constraints that have hindered them in doing so. 2 ABSTRACT 2 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 4 METHODOLOGY 5 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 8 Sustainable Development 8 Populism I I POLICY SIGNIFICANCE 13 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES 14 OUTLINE 16 CHAPTER 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Participatory Democracy in Chávez's Bolivarian Revolution
    Who Mobilizes? Participatory Democracy in Chávez’s Bolivarian Revolution Kirk A. Hawkins ABSTRACT This article assesses popular mobilization under the Chávez gov- ernment’s participatory initiatives in Venezuela using data from the AmericasBarometer survey of 2007. This is the first study of the so- called Bolivarian initiatives using nationally representative, individ- ual-level data. The results provide a mixed assessment. Most of the government’s programs invite participation from less active seg- ments of society, such as women, the poor, and the less educated, and participation in some programs is quite high. However, much of this participation clusters within a narrow group of activists, and a disproportionate number of participants are Chávez supporters. This partisan bias probably reflects self-screening by Venezuelans who accept Chávez’s radical populist discourse and leftist ideology, rather than vote buying or other forms of open conditionality. Thus, the Venezuelan case suggests some optimism for proponents of par- ticipatory democracy, but also the need to be more attuned to its practical political limits. uring the past decade, leftist governments with participatory dem- Docratic agendas have come to power in many Latin American coun- tries, implementing institutional reforms at the local and, increasingly, the national level. This trend has generated a scholarly literature assess- ing the nature of participation in these initiatives; that is, whether they embody effective attempts at participatory forms of democracy that mobilize and empower inactive segments of society (Goldfrank 2007; Wampler 2007a). This article advances this discussion by studying popular mobiliza- tion under the government of Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, referred to here as the Bolivarian Revolution or Chavismo.
    [Show full text]
  • NEOLIBERALISMO Y GENOCIDIO EN EL RÉGIMEN FUJIMORISTA José
    HAOL, Núm. 19 (Primavera, 2009), 65-75 ISSN 1696-2060 NEOLIBERALISMO Y GENOCIDIO EN EL RÉGIMEN FUJIMORISTA José Honorio Martínez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. E-mail: [email protected] Recibido: 23 Abril 2009 / Revisado: 21 Mayo 2009 / Aceptado: 1 Junio 2009 / Publicación Online: 15 Junio 2009 Resumen: La puesta en práctica del derechos sociales y garantías civiles, y víctimas neoliberalismo durante la gestión de gobierno de un genocidio que según la Comisión de la del presidente Alberto Fujimori (1990-2001) en Verdad y la Reconciliación causo la muerte de el Perú, implicó el desmantelamiento del 70 mil personas. ordenamiento constitucional, conduciendo a la instauración de una dictadura sostenida con el 1. LA LLEGADA DE ALBERTO apoyo de las Fuerzas Armadas. El régimen FUJIMORI AL GOBIERNO fujimorista se prolongo por medio de dos reelecciones, la primera en 1995, la segunda en La elección de Alberto Fujimori como abril del 2000, en las cuales predominaron la presidente del Perú en junio de 1990 estuvo corrupción, el fraude y el terrorismo de Estado. precedida por el agravamiento de las Durante este régimen los peruanos fueron condiciones económicas en el período desposeídos de sus empresas, despojados de sus presidencial previo; en efecto, el gobierno del derechos sociales y garantías civiles, y víctimas presidente Alan García (1985-1990) al ser de un genocidio que según la Comisión de la aislado por los organismos financieros Verdad y la Reconciliación causo la muerte de internacionales (Fondo Monetario Internacional, setenta mil personas. Banco Mundial), enfrentó una complicada Palabras Clave: Neoliberalismo, corrupción, situación económica caracterizada por el terrorismo de Estado, Fujimori.
    [Show full text]
  • BTI 2020 Country Report Peru
    BTI 2020 Country Report Peru This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2020. It covers the period from February 1, 2017 to January 31, 2019. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of governance in 137 countries. More on the BTI at https://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2020 Country Report — Peru. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2020. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Contact Bertelsmann Stiftung Carl-Bertelsmann-Strasse 256 33111 Gütersloh Germany Sabine Donner Phone +49 5241 81 81501 [email protected] Hauke Hartmann Phone +49 5241 81 81389 [email protected] Robert Schwarz Phone +49 5241 81 81402 [email protected] Sabine Steinkamp Phone +49 5241 81 81507 [email protected] BTI 2020 | Peru 3 Key Indicators Population M 32.0 HDI 0.759 GDP p.c., PPP $ 14393 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 1.7 HDI rank of 189 82 Gini Index 43.3 Life expectancy years 76.3 UN Education Index 0.692 Poverty3 % 9.8 Urban population % 77.9 Gender inequality2 0.381 Aid per capita $ -0.2 Sources (as of December 2019): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2019 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2019. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary In the 2016 to 2018 period, the political changes that have taken place in Peru have been as numerous as they have been substantial.
    [Show full text]
  • A Decade Under Chávez Political Intolerance and Lost Opportunities for Advancing Human Rights in Venezuela
    A Decade Under Chávez Political Intolerance and Lost Opportunities for Advancing Human Rights in Venezuela Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-371-4 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org September 2008 1-56432-371-4 A Decade Under Chávez Political Intolerance and Lost Opportunities for Advancing Human Rights in Venezuela I. Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1 Political Discrimination ............................................................................................2 The Courts ...............................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]