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The Judgment Against Fujimori for Human Rights Violations* American University International Law Review Volume 25 Article 4 Issue 4 Volume 25, No. 4 2010 The udJ gment Against Fujimori for Human Rights Violations Aimee Sullivan Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Sullivan, Aimee. "The udJ gment Against Fujimori for Human Rights Violations." American University International Law Review 25, no.4 (2010): 657-842. This Translation is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRANSLATION THE JUDGMENT AGAINST FUJIMORI FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS* TRANSLATED BY AIMEE SULLIVAN** ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................... 661 PREFACE ........................................................................................ 664 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 667 1. EVIDENCE ............................................................................... 668 2. AGGRAVATED KIDNAPPING, MURDER, GRIEVOUS BODILY HARM, CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: BARRIOS ALTOS AND LA CANTUTA ................................................................ 673 3. PERPETRATION BY MEANS OF CONTROL OVER AN ORGANIZED APPARATUS OF POWER ..................................... 676 4. REPARATIONS ......................................................................... 680 THE JUDGMENT AGAINST FUJIMORI FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS: SELECTION OF KEY PARAGRAPHS ......................................................................... 685 PART ONE: FACTUAL BACKGROUND .......................................... 685 * Editor’s Note: ILR editors typically check Bluebook citation form and verify the substantive aspects of both the text and footnotes. In this instance, ILR has edited citation form to the greatest extent possible. However, in order to maintain the integrity of this executive summary, ILR did not make substantive edits. The original Spanish text was published in October 2009 in Peru by the National Coordinator of Human Rights. All “publisher’s notes” herein are from that text. For more information, see Coordinadora Nacional de Derechos Humanos Homepage, http://www.dhperu.org (last visited July 12, 2010). ** J.D. 2000, American Univeristy Washington College of Law. Ms. Sullivan is a member of the Maryland Bar, and has been translating professionally for over eight years. She is certified by the American Translators Association, and is also a Federally Certified Court Interpreter. She specializes in the translation of legal texts from Spanish into English. 657 658 AM. U. INT’L L. REV. [25:657 Chapter I: Criminal Evidence .............................................. 685 §1. Introduction ............................................................. 685 §2. Evidentiary issues. ................................................... 687 §3. Audio and video evidence. ...................................... 726 §4. Other evidentiary arguments from the defense. ....... 735 Chapter II: Alberto Fujimori’s assumption of the presidency and the bases of his regime ......................... 739 §1. The presidential election. ......................................... 739 §2. The coup d’état of April [5th, 1992]........................ 740 Chapter III: The President of the Republic and the control of terrorism ........................................................ 741 §2. The President as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces and the PNP ..................................... 741 §3. The military powers of the President of the Republic ................................................................... 742 §5. The President of the Republic and the SIN ............. 744 Chapter IV: The Armed Forces and the Government of Alberto Fujimori Fujimori ............................................. 745 §2. Organization and operation of the Armed Forces ... 745 §6. The absolute interference of Army General Hermoza Ríos in the Armed Forces ........................ 746 Chapter V: The National Intelligence Service ..................... 746 §2. Placement of Vladimiro Montesinos Torres within the SIN .......................................................... 746 §3. Influence of Vladimiro Montesinos Torres in the SIN ........................................................................... 747 §4. The SIN and special intelligence operations ........... 748 Chapter VI: The National Intelligence Directorate and the Army Intelligence Service ....................................... 749 §2. General Rivero Lazo, Director of the DINTE ......... 749 §5. Special intelligence operations ................................ 751 Chapter VII: The Colina Special Intelligence Detachment .................................................................... 752 §1. Background .............................................................. 752 §2. Formation of the Colina Special Intelligence Detachment .............................................................. 754 §3. The mission of the Colina Detachment ................... 755 §4. Internal structure and reporting relationships of the Colina Detachment ............................................ 757 2010] JUDGMENT AGAINST FUJIMORI 659 §6. Meetings of the Colina Detachment and the rewarding of its members ........................................ 757 §7. Internal operations in the development of OEIs (sections 352 to 355 of the Court’s holding) ........... 758 Chapter VIII: Special Intelligence Operations .................... 760 §1. Scope of the concept of Special Intelligence Operation. ................................................................ 760 §2. The Colina Detachment and the Execution of OEIs. ........................................................................ 761 Chapter IX: Barrios Altos attack ......................................... 765 §1. Proof of the charge. ................................................. 765 §4. Comprehensive assessment of the evidence produced. ................................................................. 766 Chapter X: Attack at the National University of Education “La Cantuta” ................................................. 771 §1. Proof of the charge. ................................................. 771 §4. Comprehensive assessment of the evidence produced. ................................................................. 772 Chapter XI: Kidnapping of Gustavo Andrés Gorriti Ellenbogen ..................................................................... 774 §4. Comprehensive assessment of the evidence produced. ................................................................. 774 Chapter XII: Kidnapping of Samuel Edward Dyer Ampudia ........................................................................ 776 §4. Comprehensive assessment of the evidence produced. ................................................................. 776 Chapter XIII: Other crimes of the Colina Special Intelligence Detachment ................................................ 779 ¶2. Comprehensive assessment. .................................... 779 Chapter XIV: Acts subsequent to the crimes of Barrios Altos and La Cantuta ..................................................... 780 §3. General assessment. ................................................. 780 Chapter XV: The participation of Alberto Fujimori Fujimori ......................................................................... 781 §3. The directive power of defendant Fujimori Fujimori ................................................................... 781 §6. Analysis of circumstantial evidence and determination of guilt .............................................. 784 PART TWO: CONCLUSIONS OF LAW ............................................ 785 660 AM. U. INT’L L. REV. [25:657 Chapter I: Crimes committed .............................................. 785 §1. The crime of aggravated kidnapping: Gorriti Ellenbogen – Dyer Ampudia. .................................. 785 §2. The crime of murder: extreme violence and malice aforethought. ................................................ 793 §3.The crime of grievous bodily harm .......................... 796 §4. Crimes Against Humanity: Barrios Altos and La Cantuta. .................................................................... 798 Chapter II: Perpetration by means of control over an organized apparatus of power ........................................ 802 §3. Perpetration by means of control over an organized apparatus of power .................................. 802 §4. Perpetration by means and superior responsibility in international criminal law .................................... 813 §5. Defendant Fujimori Fujimori as perpetrator by means ....................................................................... 816 Chapter IV: Civil Reparations. Determination. ................... 821 §2. Court decisions and payments made to the victims in the Barrios Altos and La Cantuta cases. ........................................................................ 821 §3. Civil reparations at the national level and the decision of the international court—Inter- American Court of Human Rights.
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