SOUTHEAST ASIA PROGRAM FALL • 1994 BULLETIN • 0 ,., SEAP ARCHIVE COPY ' DO NOT REMOVE FROM THE DIRECTOR Dear Friends, This has been a year of many changes in the Southeast Asia Program, some of them sad and others happy. First, the news that is both sad and happy. Randolph Barker's term as director came to an end, and I was elected to take his place as director. At the same time that Randy stepped down, Helen Swank retired. Many of us think of her affectionately as an institution coterminous with the Southeast Asia Program, and after thirty-three years it is hard to conceive of the office without her. Her place was taken by Nancy Stage. Nancy brings back home to Ithaca a range of experience in fund-raising and development from her previous work in Colorado. Helen is a hard act to follow, but Nancy's intelligence and sparkle keep the office an exciting and pleasant place to work or visit. We also had some losses among our faculty. We are sad to announce the passing of two of our most beloved colleagues, Lauriston Sharp and Milton Barnett. Both Lauri and Milt were active in the Southeast Asia Program until a short time before their deaths. Their careers and contributions to SEAP are outlined in the following pages. To honor Lauri, in 1975 we established the Lauriston Sharp Prize for the most outstanding thesis in Southeast Asian studies at Cornell. Winners of this prize have become top scholars in their fields and are active in universities throughout the country. To honor Milt, and thanks to the generosity of Siew Nim Chee, we have established the Milton L. Barnett Scholarship Endowment for the promotion of Southeast Asian and particularly Malaysian studies. Most of this endowment will be used to support undergraduate or graduate Malaysians enrolled in Southeast Asian studies or other students focusing on Malaysia. Additional funds in the gift will be used to enhance the Echols Collection through the Southeast Asia Program develop­ ment fund. The faculty members of the Southeast Asia Program continue to be active intel­ lectually and reap honors. Professor Benedict Anderson was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His influential and widely quoted book Imagined Communities is now translated into most of the world's major languages. This year saw the publication of a Turkish and a Swedish version. Professor David Wyatt finished his term as president of the Association for Asian Studies and is cur­ rently translating and editing the Chronicles of Chiang Mai with Dr. Aroonrut Wichienkeeo, who is in residence at Cornell from the Chiang Mai Rajabhat Institute. Cornellians can be proud of the achievements of the SEAP faculty and students, but the struggle to live up to the founders is far from over. Much remains to be done. Many faculty members are nearing retirement. Their strength has been in the basic disciplines that form the core of any solid area education, and they must be replaced. Also, the world is changing, and there is a need for development of teaching and research activities in new fields. All of this means that we must lay the groundwork now for the recruitment of new faculty members ifwe are to be successful in main­ taining the Southeast Asia Program as a national resource and as a source of pride to Cornell University. In these efforts, we look forward to the support and contribu­ tions of all current and former members of SEAP. John U. Wolff Director of the Southeast Asia Program Professor of Linguistics and of Asian Studies Lauriston Sharp (1907-93) GEORGE McT. KAHIN auriston Sharp, the founder of Cornell's Southeast Asia Program, died at L his home in Ithaca on December 31, 1994, at the age of eighty-six. It was he who realized the need to develop the study of Southeast Asia in the United States and acted on that conviction, providing the leadership for the establishment of a program dedicated to that goal at Cornell and directing it during the first critical decade of its growth. Without him there would have been no Southeast Asia Program at Cornell, nor would the study of Southeast Without him there Asia have advanced nearly so far in this country as it has. Although by the time that he graduated in philosophy from the University of Wisconsin in 1929 Lauri had begun to develop an interest in Southeast would have been Asia, there was no road immediately open for him to pursue it. Funds for field research or graduate study by an aspiring anthropologist were rare in those days, and he was initially happy to be given positions for summer fieldwork on no Southeast Asia several Indian reservations and then for five months with an archaeological expedition to the Berber area of upland Algeria. But his interest in Southeast Asia prevailed. Program It was difficult then in the United States cially his "Steel Axes for Stone Age Austra­ to study Southeast Asia, apart from the lians," a piece that has been reprinted in Philippines. And so Lauri, after a year of nineteen different works. intensive study in German at the Univer­ In the fall of 1936 Lauri received the at Cornell sity of Freiburg, enrolled at the University first faculty appointment made by Cornell of Vienna to study under Professor Robert in anthropology, and from 1942 to 1945 he Heine-Geldern, one of the very few schol­ was chair of the newly established com­ ars of eminence who dealt with the early bined sociology/anthropology department. history and culture of Southeast Asia as a Toward the end of World War II he was whole. That experience deepened Lauri's asked to serve as assistant division chief in interest in the area, but soon after he began the State Department's newly established his program of doctoral studies in anthro­ Southeast Asia division. There he shared pology at Harvard in 1932, he discovered responsibility for Indochina and Thailand that no funds were available for field re­ and worked harmoniously with the search in Southeast Asia. The best he could division's head, the redoubtable Abbot Low do was get funding to study the aborigines Moffat, who, he discovered, shared his own of Australia. His three years (1933-36) of anticolonial views. They were joined by a research with that people, specifically the few like-minded scholars seconded from remote Yir Yoront of the Cape York pen­ academia: John Cady, Cora DuBois, and insula, was more arduous and dangerous Rupert Emerson. Because of the relatively than most anthropologists experience. It greater power of the entrenched European won him high acclaim, and not only his desks in the State Department, the mem­ dissertation but also a number of impor­ bers of this small group were largely frus­ tant monographs issued from it. These in­ trated in their efforts to move American cluded several that became classics in the policy into a more sympathetic posture literature of cultural anthropology, espe- toward the anticolonial struggles in South- 2 Southeast Asia Program Bulletin establishment of Cornell's Southeast Asia Program, His resolve to pursue that goal was strengthened by a year's research in rural Thailand, in 1948-49, where his wife, Ruth, complemented his work through her interest in Thai ceramics. From that year's work, and subsequent visits, issued the remarkable series of studies first centered on the Chao Phraya delta village of Bang Chan and later-in collaboration with Jane and Lucien Hanks-on the area north of the Maekok River in Chiang Rai province. Lauri's goal of establishing a program in Southeast Asian studies was finally reached a little over a year after his return to Ithaca, when he convinced Burton Fahs, head of the Rockefeller Foundation's Divi­ sion of Humanities, of the need for such a program. In this effort and in enlisting the support of the Cornell administration, Lauri had the strong and enthusiastic back­ ing of his close friend Knight Biggerstaff, professor of Chinese history and then chair­ man of the Department of Far Eastern (now Asian) Studies-support that Lauri always generously acknowledged to have been cru­ cial. And so, in December 1950, the Rockefeller Foundation provided a five­ year grant of$325,000 to launch the project. At about the same time, it also provided a grant for Southeast Asian studies at Yale­ officially to promote a healthy competi­ tion but also to preempt any charge of partiality. Yale's program had very bad luck-on two counts. Its first director of Southeast east Asia. Toward the one Southeast Asian Japan, and that consequently the United Asian studies, the sociologist and Indone­ country that was not a colony, however, States should resist British pressure to ex­ sian specialist Raymond Kennedy, was shot they did make a difference, and it is clear act heavy punitive reparations against Siam. and killed in West Java (probably by the that Lauri's efforts counted heavily with The appalling ignorance about South­ renegade ex-Dutch army officer "Turk" respect to Siam. American policy toward east Asia that Lauri encountered in 'Wash­ Westerling or one of his men), and soon that country was not constrained by the ington shocked and deeply concerned him. afterwards, Yale's gifted anthropologist­ Eurocentric priorities that during the ini­ The area was no longer simply a fascinat­ and Lauri's close friend-John Embree was tial postwar years precluded support to the ing, neglected place that commanded his killed on a sidewalk in New Haven by a independence movements in Indonesia and personal scholarly interest; it also was one drunken driver.