The Malinowski Award Papers
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
The Dynamics of Applied Anthropology in the Twentieth Century: The Malinowski Award Papers Thomas Weaver Editor and Contributor of Introductory Materials Society for Applied Anthropology Oklahoma City 2002 ii Series Editor: Patricia J. Higgins, Plattsburgh State University Production Designer: Neil Hann, Society for Applied Anthropology, Oklahoma City Production Manager: J. Thomas May, Society for Applied Anthropology, Oklahoma City Copyright 2002 by the Society for Applied Anthropology All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted in any form or in any means without permission except in the context of reviews. All inquiries should be addressed to the Society for Applied Anthropology, P.O. Box 24093, Oklahoma City, 73124. Essays in chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29 were previously published in Human Organization. The essay in chapter 23 was previously published in The Future of Anthropology: Its Relevance to the Contemporary World, Akbar S. Ahmed and Cris N. Shore, eds. (London: Athlone, 1995). iii Contents vii Acknowledgements viii About the Editor 1 Chapter 1: The Malinowski Award and the History of Applied Anthropology Thomas Weaver 14 Chapter 2: Malinowski as Applied Anthropologist Thomas Weaver 34 Chapter 3: Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán: Applied Anthropology and Indigenous Policy Thomas Weaver 38 Applied Anthropology in Mexico Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán (Tucson 1973) 45 Chapter 4: Everett C. Hughes: Urban Sociology, Social Problems, and Ethics Thomas Weaver 48 Who Studies Whom? Everett C. Hughes (Boston 1974) 59 Chapter 5: Gunnar Myrdal: Interdisciplinary Research, Policy Science, and Racism Thomas Weaver 62 The Unity of the Social Sciences Gunnar Myrdal (Amsterdam 1975) 69 Chapter 6: Edward H. Spicer: The Yaqui, Culture Change, and Ethnicity Thomas Weaver 73 Beyond Analysis and Explanation? Notes on the Life and Times of the Society for Applied Anthropology Edward H. Spicer (St. Louis 1976) 86 Chapter 7: Sol Tax: Advocate for Indian Rights and Promoter of Anthropology Thomas Weaver 89 Anthropology for the World of the Future: Thirteen Professions and Three Proposals Sol Tax (San Diego 1977) iv 103 Chapter 8: Juan Comas: Indigenous Policy and the Fight Against Racism Thomas Weaver 107 The International Fight Against Racism: Words and Realities Juan Comas (Mérida 1978) 124 Chapter 9: Laura Thompson: Culture, Personality, and Applied Anthropology Thomas Weaver 128 The Challenge of Applied Anthropology Laura Thompson (Philadelphia 1979) 137 Chapter 10: Fei Xiaotong: Policy in the Service of Minorities Thomas Weaver 140 Toward a People’s Anthropology Fei Xiaotong (Denver 1980) 149 Chapter 11: Raymond Firth: A Theoretician in King Arthur’s Court Thomas Weaver 153 Engagement and Detachment: Reflections on Applying Social Anthropology to Social Affairs Raymond Firth (Edinburgh 1981) 169 Chapter 12: George M. Foster: Medical Anthropologist in the Post-World War II Years Thomas Weaver 172 Applied Anthropology and International Health: Retrospect and Prospect George M. Foster (Lexington 1982) 187 Chapter 13: Omer C. Stewart: Advocate for Indian Religion and Land Claims Thomas Weaver 190 Historical Notes about Applied Anthropology in the United States Omer C. Stewart (San Diego 1983) 200 Chapter 14: Alexander H. Leighton: Interdisciplinary Research and Personality Theory Thomas Weaver 204 Then and Now: Some Notes on the Interaction of Person and Social Environment Alexander H. Leighton (Toronto 1984) v 220 Chapter 15: Elizabeth Colson: American Africanist and Resettlement Theory Thomas Weaver 223 Using Anthropology in a World on the Move Elizabeth Colson (Washington 1985) 233 Chapter 16: Philleo Nash: Policy and Equality in the Halls of Government Thomas Weaver 236 Science, Politics, and Human Values: A Memoir Philleo Nash (Reno 1986) 259 Chapter 17: Margaret Lantis: Culture, Personality, and Acculturation Thomas Weaver 262 Two Important Roles in Organizations and Communities Margaret Lantis (Oaxaca 1987) 283 Chapter 18: Frederick L. W. Richardson: Industrial and Organizational Research Thomas Weaver 286 Career Development, Strategies, Discoveries, and Turning Points Frederick L. W. Richardson (Tampa 1988) 290 Chapter 19: Lauriston Sharp: Innovator of Applied Anthropology Programs Thomas Weaver No publication of address (Santa Fe 1989) 293 Chapter 20: J. G. St. Clair Drake: Activist-Advocate before His Time Thomas Weaver No publication of address (York 1990) 297 Chapter 21: Conrad Arensberg: Economic and Industrial Anthropologist Thomas Weaver No publication of address (Charleston 1991): 301 Chapter 22: M. Margaret Clark: Medical Anthropologist and Advocate for the Aged Thomas Weaver 304 Medical Anthropology and the Redefining of Human Nature M. Margaret Clark (Memphis 1992) vi 323 Chapter 23: Ronald Frankenberg: From Industrial Anthropology to AIDS Thomas Weaver 327 Learning from AIDS: The Future of Anthropology Ronald Frankenberg (San Antonio 1993) 346 Chapter 24: Claudio Esteva Fabregat: A Four-Fields Anthropologist in Spain Thomas Weaver 349 Being an Anthropologist: A Reflection Claudio Esteva Fabregat (Cancun 1994) 363 Chapter 25: Michael M. Cernea: Policy and Development in the World Bank Thomas Weaver 366 Social Organization and Development Anthropology Michael M. Cernea (Albuquerque 1995) 390 Chapter 26: Bea Medicine: Culture Broker among Indians and Anthropologists Thomas Weaver 393 American Indians and Anthropologists: Issues of History, Empowerment, and Application Bea Medicine (Baltimore 1996) 401 Chapter 27: Ward Goodenough: Academic and Applied Anthropologist Thomas Weaver 404 Communicating 10,000 Years into the Future Ward Goodenough (Seattle 1997) 412 Chapter 28: Robert A. and Beverly H. Hackenberg: Research and Policy in Anthropology Thomas Weaver 416 You CAN Do Something! Forming Policy from Applied Projects, Then and Now Robert A. and Beverly H. Hackenberg (San Juan 1998) 441 Chapter 29: Thayer Scudder: The Environment, Social Problems, and Development Anthropology Thomas Weaver 444 The Emerging Global Crisis and Development Anthropology: Can We Have an Impact? Thayer Scudder (Tucson 1999) vii Acknowledgments I wish to thank the Society for Applied Anthropology for asking me to undertake a review of the Malinowski Award presentations. The help of friends and scholars was invaluable to the completion of this manuscript. Without them the final product would be less comprehensible and less accurate. George Foster, my professor and mentor at the University of California, made extensive comments on the organization of two chapters and provided some facts on the history of applied anthropology. He continues to be my teacher after nearly 40 years. Thanks, George. Elizabeth Colson corrected a number of errors and provided information on Malinowski. Art Gallaher reviewed the manuscript and made important comments on Fei Xiaotong and on the history of applied anthropology. Faye Harrison reviewed my sketch of J. G. St. Clair Drake and provided valuable information including a manuscript in galley proof by Willie Baber (1999). Raymond H. Thompson went over the manuscript carefully, making editorial suggestions that only an expert editor can make, and provided information on Malinowski’s visit to the University of Arizona in 1938–39. Sue Benaron provided editorial recommendations and drafted an early version of Table 1. Robert Alvarez, Linda Bennett, Claudio Esteva Fabregat, Ronald Frankenberg, Ward Goodenough, James Greenberg, Robert and Beverly Hackenberg, Margaret Lantis, Alexander Leighton, Bea Medicine, Otto von Mering, John Olsen, Thayer Scudder, Deward E. Walker, and Murray Wax (1976) provided comments and suggestions. Without the editors of Human Organization, who did the editorial work and solicitation of manuscripts from the awardees, this publication would not be possible. In addition to Don Stull (2000–) prior editors who worked on the papers include Robert van Kemper (1994–1999), Michael Angrosino (1989–1994), John Poggie (1982–1987), (1987–1989), Russell Bernard (1977–1981), and Deward Walker (1971–1976). Robert van Kemper provided copies of all published papers and made preliminary negotiations for a Spanish translation with Luis Alberto Vargas of Mexico. I am especially grateful to Patricia Higgins, who as monograph editor for the society, with patience, astute judgment, and an eagle eye, made valuable suggestions that improved the final version. Finally, I thank the University of Arizona for providing a sabbatical leave that allowed the completion of the first draft. References Cited Baber, Willie 1999 St. Clair Drake: Scholar and Activist. In African-American Pioneers in Anthropology. E. Harrison and Faye V. Harrison, eds. Pp. 184–204. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Wax, Murray L. 1976 Introduction to the Plenary Address, 35th Annual Meeting of the Society for Applied Anthropology, St. Louis, Missouri. Human Organization 35: 264–265. viii About the Editor Thomas Weaver earned a B.A. (1955) and an M.A. (1960) in anthropology at the University of New Mexico. His Ph.D. in anthropology is from the University of California at Berkeley (1965). After teaching in medical schools at Kentucky (1965-67) and Pittsburgh (1967-69), he was director of the Bureau of Ethnic Research (now called the Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology) at the University of Arizona from 1969 to 1977. In January 2002 he retired from the University of Arizona, where he had held the rank of Professor of Anthropology since 1975. His publications include the