A Marvelous Resource Nominations for Zavoiskii

9/18/16

Yevgenii A Marvelous Resource Konstantinovich Zavoiskii (1907-1976): Overlooked Pioneer in Magnetic Resonance

David E. Lewis University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire • hp://old.kpfu.ru/mlz/eng/s6.php (English) • hp://old.kpfu.ru/mlz/index.htm (Russian)

In the Zavoiskii Museum-Laboratory Nominations for Zavoiskii

• Physics (seven times) – 1958 by Cornelis Jacobus Gorter – 1959 by Leopold Ruzicka and Ilya Frank – 1960 by Cornelis Jacobus Gorter – 1961 by Cornelis Jacobus Gorter – 1962 by Leopold Ruzicka and Ilya Frank – 1963 by Leopold Ruzicka – 1965 by Leopold Ruzicka • Chemistry (twice) – 1958 by J. Weiss • Igor Ivanovich Silkin (founder and Director) – 1960 by A. Ölander

1 9/18/16

Zavoiskii’s family Childhood

• Parents • 1908: Dr. Zavoiskii became a junior physician at the Government Powder Mill in Kazan, and moved the family – Konstantin Ivanovich Zavoiskii there. (1873-1919) • Zavoiskii’s parents were both health professionals (his mother – Yelizaveta Nikolaevna was a nurse). Zavoiskaya (1880-1941) • Te children had a home laboratory where they could do chemistry and physics experiments. • Birth • Te home had a library, and young Yevgenii read voraciously. – September 28 (15), 1907 • One of his favorite books was A. P. Nechaev’s Chudesa bez chudes. Malen'kaya fzika v primenenii k zavabam. [Miracles – Mogilev-Podolskii (Ukrainian: without miracles. Small physics as applied to amusements] Могилів-Подільський; • Zavoiskii reproduced almost all the experiments in this book Russian: Могилёв- independently. Подольский) on the Dniestr – he built an electrostatic generator and two Leiden jars with which he River near the border with generated electric sparks. Moldova • Moved to Kazan, 1908

“Miracles without Miracles” Early Education

• He was taught to read by his mother before beginning school – this allowed him to skip a year at school • Spent two years (1915-1917) at the three-year school • In Spring, 1917, he and his classmates were transferred to the new Zarecheskii School No. 10 • In 1917, his father subscribed to the Children’s Encyclopedia

2 9/18/16

Leaving Kazan Return to Kazan

• 1919: Zavoiskii’s father died of dengue • Te Zavoiskii family returned to Kazan in 1925. fever and starvation • Yevgenii entered Kazan Soviet School No. 10 in • 1921: drought and famine in the Volga 1925, and graduated in 1926. valley led to the family moving to • Te subjects listed on his graduation certifcate: Slobodskoi City, north of Kazan. – they stayed here with relatives (the – political education Kataev family) – social science – literature • 1921-1925: Zavoiskii studied at – geography Secondary School No. 1 – German language – the physics laboratory was well equipped (L-R): N. Kataev (Zavoiskii’s – mathematics – students studied astronomy and – physics electricity relative), Boris Konstantinovich – chemistry Zavoiskii (older brother), – Te Physics teacher organized a “Radio – natural history Lovers” club, which Zavoiskii joined Yevgenii Konstantinovich Zavoiskii in 1925 – painting Zavoiskii’s 1926 graduation – singing certifcate from Kazan – manual labor Soviet School No. 10

Student to Professor Student to Professor—Kazan —Kazan • Zavoiskii was admitted as a student in the Physics-Mathematics Faculty of Kazan • In 1930, afer 3½ years, State University in 1927. Zavoiskii graduated • He immediately joined the Physics and Mathematics Circle. from Kazan State • His interest in radio grew stronger as a University. student • He built radio receivers that allowed him to • He immediately began monitor transmissions from both Moscow and Leningrad (St. Petersburg) his post-graduate study • Tere are schemes of one- and two-valve in physics. detection receivers, regenerative receivers, low-frequency amplifers for detector • Tis was normally a receivers, power supply (constant current source) and an oscillating detector for radio 2-2½ year course of waves. Zavoiskii’s photograph on his student identity study and research. card

3 9/18/16

Student to Professor—Kazan 1944: The Pivotal Year

• In 1933 Zavoiskii presented a thesis as the result of his successful post-graduate studies (not a kandidat thesis as usually stated in many reference books by mistake). – “Having made excellent presentation of their theses, Ye. K. Zavoiskii and A. V. Nesmelov, post-graduate students of Physics Department, are considered to have completed their post- graduate course successfully. Tey are appointed associate professors of Experimental Physics and Teoretical Physics correspondently since March 3. In addition, Zavoiskii is appointed the Head of Physics Department.” • Te kandidat degree in Physics and Mathematics was awarded to Zavoiskii on June 13 at the meeting of the Academic Council of Moscow State University without him presenting the thesis. • In 1938-1939 Zavoiskii began work on his doctoral dissertation, “Experimental and Teoretical Research of Some Phenomena in High-Frequency Electrical and Magnetic Fields.” • Tis dissertation was never presented… • Zavoiskii ﬁrst record of electron paramagnec resonance signals Title page of Zavoiskii’s frst doctoral dissertation

Reconstructed Electron Paramagnetic EPR Signals of Paramagnetic Salts Resonance Spectrometer

MnSO •7H O CuCl •2H O 4 2 2 2 • Parts are Zavoiskii originals (back-up magnet used)

4 9/18/16

1944: The Pivotal Year Why no Nobel?

• Physics (seven times) – 1958 by Cornelis Jacobus Gorter – 1959 by Leopold Ruzicka and Ilya Frank – 1960 by Cornelis Jacobus Gorter – 1961 by Cornelis Jacobus Gorter – 1962 by Leopold Ruzicka and Ilya Frank – 1963 by Leopold Ruzicka – 1965 by Leopold Ruzicka • Chemistry (twice) • Zavoiskii ﬁrst record of electron paramagnec – 1958 by J. Weiss resonance signals – 1960 by A. Ölander

Acknowledgments

• Igor Ivanovich Silkin • Gul’nar Valitove (Mel’nikova) • Vladimir Ivanovich Galkin Спасибо большое! • UW-Eau Claire International Fellows Program funded through the Blugold Commitment Tank you very much! • UW-Eau Claire Oﬃce of Research and Sponsored Programs.