DOCSLIB.ORG

List of Physicists in the World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
List of Physicists in the World Scientist Country Birth-Death Jules Aarons United States 1921-2008 Ernst Karl Abbe Germany 1840-1905 Derek Abbott Australia born 1960 Hasan Abdullayev Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Soviet Union, Azerbaijan 1918-1993 Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov Soviet Union, Russia born 1928 Nobel laureate Robert Adler United States 1913-2007 Stephen L. Adler United States born 1939 Franz Aepinus Rostock Ronald Ernest Aitchison Australia 1921-1996 David Z Albert, United States Miguel Alcubierre Mexico born 1964 Zhores Ivanovich Alferov Russia born 1930 Nobel laureate Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén Sweden 1908-1995 Nobel laureate Alhazen Basra, Iraq 965-1040 Artem Alikhanian Moscow Abraham Alikhanov Ganja William Allis United States 1901-1999 Samuel King Allison United States 1900-1965 Yakov Lvovich Alpert Russia, United States 1911-2010 Ralph Asher Alpher United States 1921-2007 Semen Altshuler Vitebsk Luis Walter Alvarez United States 1911-1988 Nobel laureate Viktor Ambartsumian Soviet Union, Armenia 1908-1996 André-Marie Ampère France 1775-1836 Anja Cetti Andersen Denmark born 1965 Hans Henrik Andersen Denmark born 1937 Philip Warren Anderson United States born 1923 Nobel laureate Carl David Anderson United States 1905-1991 Nobel laureate Herbert L. Anderson United States 1914-1988 Elephter Andronikashvili Georgia 1910-1989 Anders Jonas Ã…ngström Sweden 1814-1874 Alexander Animalu, Nigeria born 1938 Edward Victor Appleton U.K. 1892-1965 Nobel laureate François Jean Dominique Arago France 1786-1853 Archimedes Syracuse, Greece ca. 287-212BC Manfred von Ardenne Germany 1907-1997 Aristarchus of Samos Samos, Greece 310-ca. 230BC Aristotle Athens, Greece 384-322BC Nima Arkani-Hamed United States born 1972 www.downloadexcelfiles.com Scientist Country Birth-Death Lev Artsimovich Moscow Aryabhata Pataliputra, India 476-550 Neil Ashby United States born 1934 Gurgen Askaryan Soviet Union 1928-1997 Alain Aspect- France born 1947 Avicenna Persia 980-1037 Amedeo Avogadro Italy 1776-1856 David Awschalom United States Mani Lal Bhaumik- United States born 1931 Tom Baehr-Jones United States born 1980 Gilbert Ronald Bainbridge U.K. 1925-2003 Wolfson Professor of Energy Studies,University of Newcastle upon Tyne Aiyalam Parameswaran Balachandran India born 1938 V Balakrishnan India born 1943 Milla Baldo-Ceolin Italy born 1924 Johann Jakob Balmer Switzerland 1825-1898 Tom Banks United States born 1949 Riccardo Barbieri Italy born 1944 Marcia Barbosa Brazil John Bardeen United States 1908-1991 double Nobel laureate William A. Bardeen United States born 1941 Charles Glover Barkla U.K. 1877-1944 Nobel laureate Amanda Barnard Australia born 1971 Boyd Bartlett United States 1897-1965 Asım Orhan Barut Malatya, Turkey 6 June 1926-5 December 1994 Heinz Barwich Germany 1911-1966 Nikolay Basov Russia 1922-2001 Nobel laureate Laura Maria Caterina Bassi Italy 1711-1778 Zoltán Lajos Bay Hungary 1900-1992 Karl Bechert Germany 1901-1981 Henri Becquerel France 1852-1908 Nobel laureate Johannes Georg Bednorz Germany born 1950 Nobel laureate Isaac Beeckman Netherlands 1588-1637 Alexander Graham Bell Scotland, Canada, U.S.A. 1847-1922 John Stewart Bell U.K. 1928-1990 Jocelyn Bell Burnell Northern Ireland, U.K. born 1943 Carl M. Bender United States Abraham Bennet England 1749-1799 Daniel Bernoulli Switzerland 1700-1782 Hans Bethe Germany, United States 1906-2005 Nobel laureate www.downloadexcelfiles.com Scientist Country Birth-Death Homi J. Bhabha India 1909-1966 James Binney England born 1950 Gerd Binnig Germany born 1947 Nobel laureate Jean-Baptiste Biot France 1774-1862 Raymond T. Birge United States 1887-1980 AbÅ« RayhÄn al-BÄ«rÅ«nÄ« Persia 973-1048 Vilhelm Bjerknes Norway 1862-1951 James Bjorken United States born 1934 Patrick Blackett U.K. 1897-1974 Nobel laureate Felix Bloch Switzerland 1905-1983 Nobel laureate Nicolaas Bloembergen Netherlands, United States born 1920 Nobel laureate Walter Boas Germany, Australia 1904-1982 Nikolay Bogolyubov Soviet Union, Russia 1909-1992 David Bohm United States 1917-1992 Aage Bohr Denmark 1922-2009 Nobel laureate Niels Bohr Denmark 1885-1962 Nobel laureate Martin Bojowald Germany born 1973 Ludwig Boltzmann Austria 1844-1906 Eugene T. Booth- United States 1912-2004 Max Born Germany, U.K. 1882-1970 Nobel laureate Rudjer Josip Boscovich Croatia 1711-1787 Jagadish Chandra Bose India 1858-1937 Margrete Heiberg Bose Denmark 1866-1952 Satyendra Nath Bose India 1894-1974 Johannes Bosscha Netherlands 1831-1911 Walther Bothe Germany 1891-1957 Nobel laureate Edward Bouchet United States 1852-1918 Robert Boyle Ireland, England 1627-1691 Willard S. Boyle Canada, U.S.A. 1924-2011 Nobel laureate William Henry Bragg U.K. 1862-1942 Nobel laureate William Lawrence Bragg U.K., Australia 1890-1971 Nobel laureate Tycho Brahe Denmark 1546-1601 Howard Brandt United States 1939-2014 Walter Houser Brattain United States 1902-1987 Nobel laureate Karl Ferdinand Braun Germany 1850-1918 Nobel laureate David Brewster U.K. 1781-1868 Percy Williams Bridgman United States 1882-1961 Nobel laureate Léon Nicolas Brillouin France 1889-1969 Marcel Brillouin France 1854-1948 www.downloadexcelfiles.com Scientist Country Birth-Death Bertram Brockhouse Canada 1918-2003 Nobel laureate Louis-Victor de Broglie France 1892-1987 Nobel laureate William Fuller Brown, Jr. United States 1904-1983 Ernst Brüche Germany 1900-1985 Hermann Brück Germany 1905-2000 Ari Brynjolfsson Iceland 1927-2013 Hans Buchdahl Germany, Australia 1918-2010 Gersh Budker Soviet Union 1918-1977 Johannes Martinus Burgers Netherlands 1895-1981 Friedrich Burmeister Germany 1890-1969 Bimla Buti India born 1933 Christophorus Buys Ballot Netherlands 1817-1890 Nicola Cabibbo Italy 1935-2010 Nicolás Cabrera Spain 1913-1989 Curtis Callan born 1942 Fritjof Capra Austria, United States born 1939 Marcela Carena Argentina born 1962 Ricardo Carezani Argentina born 1921 Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot France 1796-1832 David Carroll United States born 1963 Brandon Carter Australia born 1942 Hendrik Casimir Netherlands 1909-2000 Henry Cavendish U.K. 1731-1810 James Chadwick U.K. 1891-1974 Nobel laureate Owen Chamberlain United States 1920-2006 Nobel laureate Moses H. W. Chan Hong Kong born 1946 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar India, United States 1910-1995 Nobel laureate Georges Charpak France 1924-2010 Nobel laureate Swapan Chattopadhyay India born 1951 Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov Imperial Russia, Soviet Union 1904-1990 Nobel laureate Maxim Chernodub Russia, France born 1973 Geoffrey Chew United States born 1924 Boris Chirikov Soviet Union, Russia 1928-2008 Juansher Chkareuli Georgia born 1940 Ernst Chladni Germany 1756-1827 Steven Chu United States born 1948 Nobel laureate Giovanni Ciccotti Italy born 1943 Benoît Clapeyron France 1799-1864 George W. Clark www.downloadexcelfiles.com Scientist Country Birth-Death Rudolf Clausius Germany 1822-1888 Gerald B. Cleaver United States Richard Clegg United Kingdom John Cockcroft United Kingdom 1897-1967 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji France born 1933 Nobel laureate Arthur Compton United States 1892-1962 Nobel laureate Karl Compton United States 1887-1954 Edward Condon United States 1902-1974 Leon Cooper United States born 1930 Nobel laureate Alejandro Corichi Mexico born 1967 Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis France 1792-1843 Allan McLeod Cormack South Africa, United States 1924-1998 Eric Allin Cornell United States born 1961 Nobel laureate Marie Alfred Cornu France 1841-1902 Charles-Augustin de Coulomb France 1736-1806 Ernest Courant United States born 1920 Brian Cox U.K. born 1968 Charles Critchfield United States 1910-1994 James Cronin United States born 1931 Nobel laureate Sir William Crookes U.K. 1832-1919 Marie Curie Poland, France 1867-1934 twice Nobel laureate Pierre Curie France 1859-1906 Nobel laureate Predrag Cvitanović Croatia born 1946 Jean le Rond d'Alembert France 1717-1783 Gustaf Dalén Sweden 1869-1937 Nobel laureate Jean Dalibard France born 1958 Richard Dalitz U.K., United States 1925-2006 John Dalton U.K. 1766-1844 Sanja Damjanović- Montenegro born 1972 Ranjan Roy Daniel India 1923-2005 Charles Galton Darwin U.K. 1887-1962 Ashok Das India, U.S.A. born 1953 Paul Davies Australia born 1946 Raymond Davis, Jr. United States 1914-2006 Nobel laureate Clinton Davisson United States 1881-1958 Nobel laureate Peter Debije Netherlands 1884-1966 Hans Georg Dehmelt Germany, United States 1922-2017 Nobel laureate Max Delbrück Germany, United States 1906-1981 Democritus Abdera ca. 460-360BC www.downloadexcelfiles.com Scientist Country Birth-Death David M. Dennison United States 1900-1976 David Deutsch Israel, U.K. born 1953 James Dewar U.K. 1842-1923 Scott Diddams United States Ulrike Diebold Austria born 1961 Robbert Dijkgraaf Netherlands born 1960 Viktor Dilman Russia born 1926 Savas Dimopoulos United States born 1952 Paul Dirac Switzerland, U.K. 1902-1984 Nobel laureate Revaz Dogonadze Soviet Union, Georgia 1931-1985 Amos Dolbear- United States 1837-1910 Robert Döpel Germany 1895-1982 Christian Doppler Austria 1803-1853 Henk Dorgelo Netherlands 1894-1961 Friedrich Ernst Dorn Germany 1848-1916 Michael R. Douglas United States born 1961 Jonathan Dowling United States born 1955 Sidney Drell United States born 1926 Paul Drude Germany 1863-1906 F. J. Duarte United States Pierre Louis Dulong France 1785-1838 Samuel T. Durrance United States born 1943 Freeman Dyson U.K., United States born 1923 Wolf laureate Joseph H. Eberly United States born 1935 William Eccles U.K. 1875-1966 Carl Eckart United States 1902-1973 Arthur Stanley Eddington U.K. 1882-1944 Thomas Edison United States
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) World-Renowned Physicist Who Defied the Odds
    COMMENT OBITUARY Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) World-renowned physicist who defied the odds. hen Stephen Hawking was speech synthesizer processed his words and diagnosed with motor-neuron generated the androidal accent that became disease at the age of 21, it wasn’t his trademark. In this way, he completed his Wclear that he would finish his PhD. Against best-selling book A Brief History of Time all expectations, he lived on for 55 years, (Bantam, 1988), which propelled him to becoming one of the world’s most celebrated celebrity status. IAN BERRY/MAGNUM scientists. Had Hawking achieved equal distinction Hawking, who died on 14 March 2018, was in any other branch of science besides cos- born in Oxford, UK, in 1942 to a medical- mology, it probably would not have had the researcher father and a philosophy-graduate same resonance with a worldwide public. As mother. After attending St Albans School I put it in The Telegraph newspaper in 2007, near London, he earned a first-class degree “the concept of an imprisoned mind roaming in physics from the University of Oxford. He the cosmos” grabbed people’s imagination. began his research career in 1962, enrolling In 1965, Stephen married Jane Wilde. as a graduate student in a group at the Uni- After 25 years of marriage, and three versity of Cambridge led by one of the fathers children, the strain of Stephen’s illness of modern cosmology, Dennis Sciama. and of sharing their home with a team of The general theory of relativity was at that nurses became too much and they sepa- time undergoing a renaissance, initiated in rated, divorcing in 1995.
    [Show full text]
  • CERN Celebrates Discoveries
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER VOLUME 43 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 2003 CERN celebrates discoveries NEW PARTICLES NETWORKS SPAIN Protons make pentaquarks p5 Measuring the digital divide pl7 Particle physics thrives p30 16 KPH impact 113 KPH impact series VISyN High Voltage Power Supplies When the objective is to measure the almost immeasurable, the VISyN-Series is the detector power supply of choice. These multi-output, card based high voltage power supplies are stable, predictable, and versatile. VISyN is now manufactured by Universal High Voltage, a world leader in high voltage power supplies, whose products are in use in every national laboratory. For worldwide sales and service, contact the VISyN product group at Universal High Voltage. Universal High Voltage Your High Voltage Power Partner 57 Commerce Drive, Brookfield CT 06804 USA « (203) 740-8555 • Fax (203) 740-9555 www.universalhv.com Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier (ISSN 0304-288X) is distributed to member state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are CERN not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax:+41 (22) 782 1906 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory Board R Landua (Chairman), P Sphicas, K Potter, E Lillest0l, C Detraz, H Hoffmann, R Bailey
    [Show full text]
  • Slides for 1920 and 1928)
    Quantum Theory Matters with thanks to John Clarke Slater (1900{1976), Per-Olov L¨owdin(1916{2000), and the many members of QTP (Gainesville, FL, USA) and KKUU (Uppsala, Sweden) Nelson H. F. Beebe Research Professor University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe Telephone: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 Nelson H. F. Beebe (University of Utah) QTM 11 November 2015 1 / 1 11 November 2015 The periodic table of elements All from H (1) to U (92), except Tc (43) and Pm (61), are found on Earth. Nelson H. F. Beebe (University of Utah) QTM 11 November 2015 2 / 1 Correcting a common misconception Scientific Theory: not a wild @$$#% guess, but rather a mathematical framework that allows actual calculation for known systems, and prediction for unknown ones. Nelson H. F. Beebe (University of Utah) QTM 11 November 2015 3 / 1 Scientific method Theories should be based on minimal sets of principles, and be free of preconceived dogmas, no matter how widely accepted. [Remember Archimedes, Socrates, Hypatia, Galileo, Tartaglia, Kepler, Copernicus, Lavoisier, . ] Open publication and free discussion of physical theories and experimental results, so that others can criticize them, improve them, and reproduce them. Know who pays for the work, and judge accordingly! Science must have public support. History shows that such support is paid back many times over. If it ain't repeatable, it ain't science! Nelson H.
    [Show full text]
  • Coresearch (1977)
    212##1977 A monthly pUblicationfor CSIRO staff January/February 1977 III New Chief Or IllN WllSH lOBEODME for Tropical Crops and INDUSTRY OONSUlTINJ Pastures Dr Alan Walsh-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur-retired from CSIRO on Dr E.F. (Ted) Henzell has been 5 January after 30 years of research, and 15 years as Assistant Chief, at the appointed the new Chief of the Division of Tropical Crops and Division of Chemical Physics. The Division has arranged a buffet dinner in his Pastures. honour at the Monash University Club on Saturday 26 February to which staff, Hew-ill take up his new duties on the retirement next month of their husbands/wives, and friends have been invited. the present Chief, Dr Mark 'I've been to so many farewell dinners recently that I'm beginning to acquire Hutton. a taste for wine,' Alan said, a little overwhelmed by the fuss being made of his Dr ... Henzcll. who has been the Division's Assistant Chief since departure. 1'970, . graduated B.Agr.Sc. from And Alan makes the point that he is not retiring from work. He intends the .. University of Queensland in taking a holiday for three months to recharge his batteries and then become a 1952. Dr Alan Walsh In the same year he was awarded private consultant to industry. a Rhodes Scholarship and under­ took research work at the De­ For unlike many other scientists ralia a head-start over the rest of Alan concedes that the research partment of Agriculture, Oxford A1an enjoys mixing with the cap· the world in the technique.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian-A(Merican) Bomb: the Role of Espionage in the Soviet Atomic Bomb Project
    J. Undergrad. Sci. 3: 103-108 (Summer 1996) History of Science The Russian-A(merican) Bomb: The Role of Espionage in the Soviet Atomic Bomb Project MICHAEL I. SCHWARTZ physicists and project coordinators ought to be analyzed so as to achieve an understanding of the project itself, and given the circumstances and problems of the project, just how Introduction successful those scientists could have been. Third and fi- nally, the role that espionage played will be analyzed, in- There was no “Russian” atomic bomb. There only vestigating the various pieces of information handed over was an American one, masterfully discovered by by Soviet spies and its overall usefulness and contribution Soviet spies.”1 to the bomb project. This claim echoes a new theme in Russia regarding Soviet Nuclear Physics—Pre-World War II the Soviet atomic bomb project that has arisen since the democratic revolution of the 1990s. The release of the KGB As aforementioned, Paul Josephson believes that by (Commissariat for State Security) documents regarding the the eve of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, Soviet sci- role that espionage played in the Soviet atomic bomb project entists had the technical capability to embark upon an atom- has raised new questions about one of the most remark- ics weapons program. He cites the significant contributions able and rapid scientific developments in history. Despite made by Soviet physicists to the growing international study both the advanced state of Soviet nuclear physics in the of the nucleus, including the 1932 splitting of the lithium atom years leading up to World War II and reported scientific by proton bombardment,7 Igor Kurchatov’s 1935 discovery achievements of the actual Soviet atomic bomb project, of the isomerism of artificially radioactive atoms, and the strong evidence will be provided that suggests that the So- fact that L.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 / 3 Anwendungen Von Festkörperphysik 1 / 4
    1 / 3 Anwendungen von Festkörperphysik Elektronik/Optoelektronik 1 / 4 Anwendungen von Festkörperphysik Organische (Opto-)elektronik Selbstreinigende Oberflächen Energietechnologie 2 1 / 5 Anwendungen von Festkörperphysik „intelligente“ Materialien Schaltbare Molekülschichten Magnetoelektrische Sensoren „Brain-Maschine-Interface“ 1 / 6 Nobelpreise für Physik zu festkörperphysikalischen Themen 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 1914 Max von Laue 1915 William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg 1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume 1921 Albert Einstein 1923 Robert Andrews Millikan Details siehe 1924 Karl Manne Siegbahn 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin http://almaz.com/nobel/ 1937 Clinton Davisson, George Paget physics/physics.html 1946 Percy W. Bridgman 1956 William B. Shockley, John Bardeen und Walter H. Brattain 1961 Rudolf Mößbauer 1962 Lev Landau 1971 Louis Néel 1972 John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, Robert Schrieffer 1973 Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian Davon Josephson 1977 Philip W. Anderson, Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck 1978 Pjotr Kapiza 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson 1985 Klaus von Klitzing 1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer 1987 Johannes Georg Bednorz, Karl Alex Müller 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford Glenwood Shull 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer, Daniel Chee Tsui 2000 Schores Alfjorow, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman 2003 Alexei Abrikossow, Witali Ginsburg, Anthony James Leggett 2007
    [Show full text]
  • Laser Spectroscopy to Resolve Hyperfine Structure of Rubidium
    Laser spectroscopy to resolve hyperfine structure of rubidium Hannah Saddler, Adam Egbert, and Will Weigand (Dated: 12 November 2015) This experiment had two main goals: to create an absorption spectrum for rubidium using the technique of absorption spectroscopy and to resolve the hyperfine structures for the two rubidium isotopes using saturation absorption spectroscopy. The absorption spectrum was used to determine the frequency difference between the ground state and first excited state for both isotopes. The calculated frequency difference was 6950 MHz ± 90 MHz for rubidium 87 and 3060 MHz ± 60 MHz for rubidium 85. Both values agree with the literature values. The hyperfine structure for rubidium 87 was able to be resolved using this experimental setup. The energy differences were determined to be 260 MHz ± 10 MHz and 150 MHz ± 10 Mhz MHz. The hyperfine structure for rubidium 85 was unable to be resolved using this experimental setup. Additionally the theory of doppler broadening was used to make measurements of the full width half maximum. These values were used to calculate a temperature of 310K ± 40 K which makes sense because the experiments were performed at room temperature. I. INTRODUCTION in the theory section and how they were manipulated and used to derive the results from the recorded data. Addi- tionally there is an explanation of experimental error and The era of modern spectroscopy began with the in- uncertainty associated the results. Section V is a conclu- vention of the laser. The word laser was originally an sion that ties the results of the experiment we performed acronym that stood for light amplification by stimulated to the usefulness of the technique of laser spectroscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Einstein's Wrong
    Einstein’s wrong way: from STR to GTR Adrian Ferent I discovered a new Gravitation theory which breaks the wall of Planck scale! Abstract My Nobel Prize - Discoveries “Starting from STR, it is not possible to find a Quantum Gravity theory” Adrian Ferent “Einstein was on the wrong way: from STR to GTR” Adrian Ferent “Starting from STR, Einstein was not able to explain Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “Starting from STR, Einstein was not able to explain Gravitation, he calculated Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “Einstein's equivalence principle is wrong because the gravitational force experienced locally is caused by a negative energy, gravitons energy and the force experienced by an observer in a non-inertial (accelerated) frame of reference is caused by a positive energy.” Adrian Ferent “Because Einstein's equivalence principle is wrong, Einstein’s gravitation theory is wrong.” Adrian Ferent “Because Einstein’s gravitation theory is wrong, LQG, String theory… are wrong theories” Adrian Ferent “Einstein bent the space, Ferent unbent the space” Adrian Ferent 1 “Einstein bent the time, Ferent unbent the time” Adrian Ferent “I am the first who Quantized the Gravitational Field!” Adrian Ferent “I quantized the gravitational field with gravitons” Adrian Ferent “Gravitational field is a discrete function” Adrian Ferent “Gravitational waves are carried by gravitons” Adrian Ferent In STR and GTR there are continuous functions. This is another proof that LIGO is a fraud. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded for a project, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) not for a scientific discovery; they did not detect anything because Einstein’s gravitational waves do not exist.
    [Show full text]
  • Neutrino Cosmology and Large Scale Structure
    Neutrino cosmology and large scale structure Christiane Stefanie Lorenz Pembroke College and Sub-Department of Astrophysics University of Oxford A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Trinity 2019 Neutrino cosmology and large scale structure Christiane Stefanie Lorenz Pembroke College and Sub-Department of Astrophysics University of Oxford A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Trinity 2019 The topic of this thesis is neutrino cosmology and large scale structure. First, we introduce the concepts needed for the presentation in the following chapters. We describe the role that neutrinos play in particle physics and cosmology, and the current status of the field. We also explain the cosmological observations that are commonly used to measure properties of neutrino particles. Next, we present studies of the model-dependence of cosmological neutrino mass constraints. In particular, we focus on two phenomenological parameterisations of time-varying dark energy (early dark energy and barotropic dark energy) that can exhibit degeneracies with the cosmic neutrino background over extended periods of cosmic time. We show how the combination of multiple probes across cosmic time can help to distinguish between the two components. Moreover, we discuss how neutrino mass constraints can change when neutrino masses are generated late in the Universe, and how current tensions between low- and high-redshift cosmological data might be affected from this. Then we discuss whether lensing magnification and other relativistic effects that affect the galaxy distribution contain additional information about dark energy and neutrino parameters, and how much parameter constraints can be biased when these effects are neglected.
    [Show full text]
  • Underpinning of Soviet Industrial Paradigms
    Science and Social Policy: Underpinning of Soviet Industrial Paradigms by Chokan Laumulin Supervised by Professor Peter Nolan Centre of Development Studies Department of Politics and International Studies Darwin College This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2019 Preface This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the relevant Degree Committee. 2 Chokan Laumulin, Darwin College, Centre of Development Studies A PhD thesis Science and Social Policy: Underpinning of Soviet Industrial Development Paradigms Supervised by Professor Peter Nolan. Abstract. Soviet policy-makers, in order to aid and abet industrialisation, seem to have chosen science as an agent for development. Soviet science, mainly through the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, was driving the Soviet industrial development and a key element of the preparation of human capital through social programmes and politechnisation of the society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Telephone and Its Several Inventors
    The History of Telecommunications The Telephone and its Several Inventors by Wim van Etten 1/36 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Bell and his invention 3. Bell Telephone Company (BTC) 4. Lawsuits 5. Developments in Europe and the Netherlands 6. Telephone sets 7. Telephone cables 8. Telephone switching 9. Liberalization 10. Conclusion 2/36 Reis • German physicist and school master • 1861: vibrating membrane touched needle; reproduction of sound by needle connected to electromagnet hitting wooden box • several great scientists witnessed his results • transmission of articulated speech could not be demonstrated in court • submitted publication to Annalen der Physik: refused • later on he was invited to publish; then he refused • ended his physical experiments as a poor, disappointed man Johann Philipp Reis 1834-1874 • invention not patented 3/36 The telephone patent 1876: February 14, Alexander Graham Bell applies patent “Improvement in Telegraphy”; patented March 7, 1876 Most valuable patent ever issued ! 4/36 Bell’s first experiments 5/36 Alexander Graham Bell • born in Scotland 1847 • father, grandfather and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech • his father developed a system of “Visible Speech” • was an expert in learning deaf-mute to “speak” • met Wheatstone and Helmholtz • when 2 brothers died of tuberculosis parents emigrated to Canada • 1873: professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory: US citizen Alexander Graham Bell • 1875: started experimenting with “musical” telegraphy (1847-1922) • had a vision to transmit voice over telegraph wires 6/36 Bell (continued) • left Boston University to spent more time to experiments • 2 important deaf-mute pupils left: Georgie Sanders and Mabel Hubbard • used basement of Sanders’ house for experiments • Sanders and Hubbard gave financial support, provided he would abandon telephone experiments • Henry encouraged to go on with it • Thomas Watson became his assistant • March 10, 1876: “Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Newsletter from World Scientific February 2017
    Brief Newsletter from World Scientific February 2017 Exclusive Interview with 2003 Nobel Laureate One of the Top Condensed Matter Theorists and World Scientific Author Anthony Leggett Sir Professor Anthony James Leggett is a distinguished physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003 for his pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids. He is currently a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Prof Leggett gave a presentation at the 2016 APS March Meeting in Baltimore, USA on “Reflections on the past, present and future of condensed matter physics”. In a phone interview, he shared with us some of his thoughts and further musings on the future of condensed matter physics. Paradigm Shift and Our Quest for the Unknown Chad Hollingsworth Your talk at the APS March Meeting 2016 mentioned developments That probably depends on your current tenure status! Certainly, if that you classified as “paradigm shifts”. Are there any recent you have a secure, tenured job (as I have been fortunate enough to discoveries that you would classify as paradigm shifts? have for the last few decades), then I think most certainly it’s better Well, if we go slightly outside the area of condensed matter physics to explore the unknown. But, of course, I appreciate that in the current as it has been conventionally defined, then, undoubtedly, any employment situation, people who have not got a tenured job need revolution which overthrew the view of quantum mechanics as a to think about their future. This may well be a rather strong pressure complete account of the world would, I think, certainly qualify as a to basically explore the known further.
    [Show full text]