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Highlights of Modern Physics and Astrophysics

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Highlights of Modern Physics and Astrophysics How to find the “Top Ten” in Physics & Astrophysics? - List of Nobel Laureates in Physics - Other prizes? Templeton prize, … - Top Citation Rankings of Publication Search Engines - Science News … - ... Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2020 Sir Roger Penrose "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity" Reinhard Genzel, Andrea Ghez "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy" 2019 James Peebles "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology" Michel Mayor, Didier Queloz "for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star" 2018 Arthur Ashkin "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for the optical tweezers and their application to Gerard Mourou, Donna Strickland biological systems" "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", in particular "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses" Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2017 Rainer Weiss "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the Kip Thorne, Barry Barish observation of gravitational waves" 2016 David J. Thouless, "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions F. Duncan M. Haldane, and topological phases of matter" John M. Kosterlitz 2015 Takaaki Kajita, "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that Arthur B. MsDonald neutrinos have mass" 2014 Isamu Akasaki, "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has Hiroshi Amano, enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources" Shuji Nakamura 2013 Francois Englert, "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to Peter Higgs our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider" Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2012 Serge Haroche, "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable David J. Wineland measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems." 2011 Saul Perlmutter, "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe Brian P. Schmidt, through observations of distant supernovae" Adam G. Riess 2010 Andre Geim, "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional Konstantin Novoselov material graphene" 2009 Charles K. Kao "for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication" William S. Boyle, George E. Smith "for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor" 2008 Makoto Kobayashi, "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts Toshihide Masakawa the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature" Yoichiro Nambu "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2007 Albert Fert, "for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance" Peter Grünberg 2006 John C. Mather, "for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the George F. Smoot cosmic microwave background radiation" 2005 Roy Glauber "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence" John L. Hall, "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision Theodor W. Hänsch spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique" 2004 David J. Gross, "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the Hugh David Politzer, strong interaction" Frank Wilczek 2003 Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and Vitali Lazarevich Ginzburg, superfluids" Anthony James Leggett https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics Nobel Laureates in Physics Year Names Achievement 2002 Raymond Davis Jr., "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for Masatobi Koshiba the detection of cosmic neutrinos" Riccardo Giacconi "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources" 2001 Eric Allin Cornell, "for the achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation in dilute Carl Edwin Wiemann, gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the Wolfgang Ketterle properties of the condensates" 2000 Zhores Ivanovich Alferov, "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- Herbert Kroemer and optoelectronics" Jack St. Clair Kilby "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit" 1999 Gerard ‘t Hooft, "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in Martinus J. G. Veltman physics" 1998 Robert B. Laughlin, "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally Horst Ludwig Störmer, charged excitations" Daniel Chee Tsui Templeton Prize Awarded for “achievements that advance Sir John Templeton's philanthropic vision: harnessing the power of the sciences to explore the deepest questions of the universe and humankind’s place and purpose within it.” Laureates (selection) 1989 Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker 1995 Paul Davies 2000 Freeman Dyson 2004 George F. R. Ellis 2005 Charles Hard Townes 2006 John D. Barrow 2008 Michal Heller 2011 Martin Rees 2019 Marcelo Gleiser Presentations of Highlights No. Topic Name Date 1 Quantum Information Science: Entanglement, Teleportation, 11.3. Non-destructive Quantum Measurement Rafal Młynarczykowski 2a LIGO-Virgo Collab – The art of gravitational wave detectors Jan Boreczek 18.3. 2b Detection of BBH, BNS and NSBH mergers and implications 3 X-ray observatories: ROSAT, Chandra, XMM, NICER, eROSITA Natalia Posiłek 15.4. … Radius, Mass and Cooling of Neutron Stars 4 Exoplanets: Observations and Plasma Physics of Giant Planets Piotr Zawadzki 6.5. 5 CMB Radiation: Detection and Precision Cosmology Agnieszka Kopacz 1.4. 6a High-Intensity Lasers: Table-Top Fundamental Physics Katarzyna Kowalska 29.4. 6b Attosecond Lasers: Watching chemical processes Daria Smolenchenko 29.4. 7 Graphene: Super Material for Applied and Fundamental Science Mateusz Ślęczek 15.4. 8 Neutrino Oscillations: Detectors and Beyond Standard Model Natalia Maleszewska 22.4. Presentations of Highlights No. Topic Name Date 9 Resurgence and Trans-series: Towards nonperturbative QFT 6.5. 10 EPR Paradox, Bell Inequalities and Quantum Entanglement Maciej Gromek 20.5. 11 Black Holes: From General Relativity to Information Paradox Dmytro Konakhovych 8.4. 12a Atoms in Traps: Creating a Bose-Einstein Condensate Ewa Klajmon 3.6. 12b Atomic superfluids: Lab tests of Quantum Many-Body Theories Adrian Wójcik 3.6. 13 Origin of Particle Masses: Higgs vs. Chiral Symmetry Breaking Michalina Puławska 25.3. 14 Deconfinement: Heavy-Ion Collision and LQCD Experiments Radoslaw Wnęk 27.5. 15 Deconfinement in Cold Dense Matter: Neutron Stars & Jakub Krajewski 10.6. Mergers 16 17 18 Students and their Topics in this Seminar No. Last name First names # Title Date 1. Boreczek Jan Robert 2 LIGO-Virgo Collab – gravitational wave detection from BBH, BNS and NSBH 18.3. mergers and their implications 2. Gromek Maciej 10 EPR Paradox, Bell Inequalities and Quantum Entanglement 20.5. 3. Klajmon Ewa Dorota 12a Atoms in Traps: Creating a Bose-Einstein Condensate 3.6. 4. Konakhovych Dmytro 11 Black Holes: From General Relativity to Information Paradox 8.4. 5. Kopacz Agnieszka Czesława 5 CMB Radiation: Detection and Precision Cosmology 1.4. 6. Kowalska Katarzyna Aleksandra 6a High-Intensity Lasers: Table-Top Fundamental Physics 29.4. 7. Krajewski Jakub Marcin 15 Deconfinement in Cold Dense Matter: Neutron Stars & Mergers 10.6. 8. Maleszewska Natalia Cecylia 8 Neutrino Oscillations: Detectors and Beyond Standard Model 22.4. 9. Młynarczykowski Rafał 1 Quantum Information Science: Entanglement, Teleportation, Non-destructive 11.3. Quantum Measurement 10. Posiłek Natalia Zofia 3 X-ray observatories: ROSAT, Chandra, XMM, NICER, eROSITA … Radius, Mass and 15.4. Cooling of Neutron Stars 11. Puławska Michalina Maria 13 Origin of Particle Masses: Higgs vs. Chiral Symmetry Breaking 25.3. 12. Ślęczek Mateusz 7 Graphene: Super Material for Applied and Fundamental Science 15.4. 13. Smolenchenko Daria 6b Attosecond Lasers: Watching chemical processes 29.4. 14. Wnęk Radosław Jerzy 14 Deconfinement in Cold Dense Matter: Neutron Stars & Mergers 17.5. 15. Wójcik Adrian 12b Atomic superfluids: Lab tests of Quantum Many-Body Theories 3.6. 16. Zawadzki Piotr Roman 4 Exoplanets: Observations and Plasma Physics of Giant Planets 6.5..
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