Supergravity at 40: Reflections and Perspectives(∗)
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Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) World-Renowned Physicist Who Defied the Odds
COMMENT OBITUARY Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) World-renowned physicist who defied the odds. hen Stephen Hawking was speech synthesizer processed his words and diagnosed with motor-neuron generated the androidal accent that became disease at the age of 21, it wasn’t his trademark. In this way, he completed his Wclear that he would finish his PhD. Against best-selling book A Brief History of Time all expectations, he lived on for 55 years, (Bantam, 1988), which propelled him to becoming one of the world’s most celebrated celebrity status. IAN BERRY/MAGNUM scientists. Had Hawking achieved equal distinction Hawking, who died on 14 March 2018, was in any other branch of science besides cos- born in Oxford, UK, in 1942 to a medical- mology, it probably would not have had the researcher father and a philosophy-graduate same resonance with a worldwide public. As mother. After attending St Albans School I put it in The Telegraph newspaper in 2007, near London, he earned a first-class degree “the concept of an imprisoned mind roaming in physics from the University of Oxford. He the cosmos” grabbed people’s imagination. began his research career in 1962, enrolling In 1965, Stephen married Jane Wilde. as a graduate student in a group at the Uni- After 25 years of marriage, and three versity of Cambridge led by one of the fathers children, the strain of Stephen’s illness of modern cosmology, Dennis Sciama. and of sharing their home with a team of The general theory of relativity was at that nurses became too much and they sepa- time undergoing a renaissance, initiated in rated, divorcing in 1995. -
Supergravity and Its Legacy Prelude and the Play
Supergravity and its Legacy Prelude and the Play Sergio FERRARA (CERN – LNF INFN) Celebrating Supegravity at 40 CERN, June 24 2016 S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 1 Supergravity as carved on the Iconic Wall at the «Simons Center for Geometry and Physics», Stony Brook S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 2 Prelude S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 3 In the early 1970s I was a staff member at the Frascati National Laboratories of CNEN (then the National Nuclear Energy Agency), and with my colleagues Aurelio Grillo and Giorgio Parisi we were investigating, under the leadership of Raoul Gatto (later Professor at the University of Geneva) the consequences of the application of “Conformal Invariance” to Quantum Field Theory (QFT), stimulated by the ongoing Experiments at SLAC where an unexpected Bjorken Scaling was observed in inclusive electron- proton Cross sections, which was suggesting a larger space-time symmetry in processes dominated by short distance physics. In parallel with Alexander Polyakov, at the time in the Soviet Union, we formulated in those days Conformal invariant Operator Product Expansions (OPE) and proposed the “Conformal Bootstrap” as a non-perturbative approach to QFT. S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 4 Conformal Invariance, OPEs and Conformal Bootstrap has become again a fashionable subject in recent times, because of the introduction of efficient new methods to solve the “Bootstrap Equations” (Riccardo Rattazzi, Slava Rychkov, Erik Tonni, Alessandro Vichi), and mostly because of their role in the AdS/CFT correspondence. The latter, pioneered by Juan Maldacena, Edward Witten, Steve Gubser, Igor Klebanov and Polyakov, can be regarded, to some extent, as one of the great legacies of higher dimensional Supergravity. -
CERN Celebrates Discoveries
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER VOLUME 43 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 2003 CERN celebrates discoveries NEW PARTICLES NETWORKS SPAIN Protons make pentaquarks p5 Measuring the digital divide pl7 Particle physics thrives p30 16 KPH impact 113 KPH impact series VISyN High Voltage Power Supplies When the objective is to measure the almost immeasurable, the VISyN-Series is the detector power supply of choice. These multi-output, card based high voltage power supplies are stable, predictable, and versatile. VISyN is now manufactured by Universal High Voltage, a world leader in high voltage power supplies, whose products are in use in every national laboratory. For worldwide sales and service, contact the VISyN product group at Universal High Voltage. Universal High Voltage Your High Voltage Power Partner 57 Commerce Drive, Brookfield CT 06804 USA « (203) 740-8555 • Fax (203) 740-9555 www.universalhv.com Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier (ISSN 0304-288X) is distributed to member state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are CERN not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax:+41 (22) 782 1906 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory Board R Landua (Chairman), P Sphicas, K Potter, E Lillest0l, C Detraz, H Hoffmann, R Bailey -
Subnuclear Physics: Past, Present and Future
Subnuclear Physics: Past, Present and Future International Symposium 30 October - 2 November 2011 – The purpose of the Symposium is to discuss the origin, the status and the future of the new frontier of Physics, the Subnuclear World, whose first two hints were discovered in the middle of the last century: the so-called “Strange Particles” and the “Resonance #++”. It took more than two decades to understand the real meaning of these two great discoveries: the existence of the Subnuclear World with regularities, spontaneously plus directly broken Symmetries, and totally unexpected phenomena including the existence of a new fundamental force of Nature, called Quantum ChromoDynamics. In order to reach this new frontier of our knowledge, new Laboratories were established all over the world, in Europe, in USA and in the former Soviet Union, with thousands of physicists, engineers and specialists in the most advanced technologies, engaged in the implementation of new experiments of ever increasing complexity. At present the most advanced Laboratory in the world is CERN where experiments are being performed with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the most powerful collider in the world, which is able to reach the highest energies possible in this satellite of the Sun, called Earth. Understanding the laws governing the Space-time intervals in the range of 10-17 cm and 10-23 sec will allow our form of living matter endowed with Reason to open new horizons in our knowledge. Antonino Zichichi Participants Prof. Werner Arber H.E. Msgr. Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo Prof. Guido Altarelli Prof. Ignatios Antoniadis Prof. Robert Aymar Prof. Rinaldo Baldini Ferroli Prof. -
Field Theory Insight from the Ads/CFT Correspondence
Field theory insight from the AdS/CFT correspondence Daniel Z.Freedman1 and Pierre Henry-Labord`ere2 1Department of Mathematics and Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239 E-mail: [email protected] 2LPT-ENS, 24, rue Lhomond F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT A survey of ideas, techniques and results from d=5 supergravity for the conformal and mass-perturbed phases of d=4 N =4 Super-Yang-Mills theory. arXiv:hep-th/0011086v2 29 Nov 2000 1 Introduction The AdS/CF T correspondence [1, 20, 11, 12] allows one to calculate quantities of interest in certain d=4 supersymmetric gauge theories using 5 and 10-dimensional supergravity. Mirac- ulously one gets information on a strong coupling limit of the gauge theory– information not otherwise available– from classical supergravity in which calculations are feasible. The prime example of AdS/CF T is the duality between =4 SYM theory and D=10 N Type IIB supergravity. The field theory has the very special property that it is ultraviolet finite and thus conformal invariant. Many years of elegant work on 2-dimensional CF T ′s has taught us that it is useful to consider both the conformal theory and its deformation by relevant operators which changes the long distance behavior and generates a renormalization group flow of the couplings. Analogously, in d=4, one can consider a) the conformal phase of =4 SYM N b) the same theory deformed by adding mass terms to its Lagrangian c) the Coulomb/Higgs phase. -
Graphs and Patterns in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Volume 73
http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/pspum/073 Graphs and Patterns in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics This page intentionally left blank Proceedings of Symposia in PURE MATHEMATICS Volume 73 Graphs and Patterns in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Proceedings of the Conference on Graphs and Patterns in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Dedicated to Dennis Sullivan's 60th birthday June 14-21, 2001 Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York Mikhail Lyubich Leon Takhtajan Editors Proceedings of the conference on Graphs and Patterns in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics held at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, June 14-21, 2001. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 81Txx, 57-XX 18-XX 53Dxx 55-XX 37-XX 17Bxx. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stony Brook Conference on Graphs and Patterns in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (2001 : Stony Brook University) Graphs and Patterns in mathematics and theoretical physics : proceedings of the Stony Brook Conference on Graphs and Patterns in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, June 14-21, 2001, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY / Mikhail Lyubich, Leon Takhtajan, editors. p. cm. — (Proceedings of symposia in pure mathematics ; v. 73) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8218-3666-8 (alk. paper) 1. Graph Theory. 2. Mathematics-Graphic methods. 3. Physics-Graphic methods. 4. Man• ifolds (Mathematics). I. Lyubich, Mikhail, 1959- II. Takhtadzhyan, L. A. (Leon Armenovich) III. Title. IV. Series. QA166.S79 2001 511/.5-dc22 2004062363 Copying and reprinting. Material in this book may be reproduced by any means for edu• cational and scientific purposes without fee or permission with the exception of reproduction by services that collect fees for delivery of documents and provided that the customary acknowledg• ment of the source is given. -
Twenty Years of the Weyl Anomaly
CTP-TAMU-06/93 Twenty Years of the Weyl Anomaly † M. J. Duff ‡ Center for Theoretical Physics Physics Department Texas A & M University College Station, Texas 77843 ABSTRACT In 1973 two Salam prot´eg´es (Derek Capper and the author) discovered that the conformal invariance under Weyl rescalings of the metric tensor 2 gµν(x) Ω (x)gµν (x) displayed by classical massless field systems in interac- tion with→ gravity no longer survives in the quantum theory. Since then these Weyl anomalies have found a variety of applications in black hole physics, cosmology, string theory and statistical mechanics. We give a nostalgic re- view. arXiv:hep-th/9308075v1 16 Aug 1993 CTP/TAMU-06/93 July 1993 †Talk given at the Salamfest, ICTP, Trieste, March 1993. ‡ Research supported in part by NSF Grant PHY-9106593. When all else fails, you can always tell the truth. Abdus Salam 1 Trieste and Oxford Twenty years ago, Derek Capper and I had embarked on our very first post- docs here in Trieste. We were two Salam students fresh from Imperial College filled with ideas about quantizing the gravitational field: a subject which at the time was pursued only by mad dogs and Englishmen. (My thesis title: Problems in the Classical and Quantum Theories of Gravitation was greeted with hoots of derision when I announced it at the Cargese Summer School en route to Trieste. The work originated with a bet between Abdus Salam and Hermann Bondi about whether you could generate the Schwarzschild solution using Feynman diagrams. You can (and I did) but I never found out if Bondi ever paid up.) Inspired by Salam, Capper and I decided to use the recently discovered dimensional regularization1 to calculate corrections to the graviton propaga- tor from closed loops of massless particles: vectors [1] and spinors [2], the former in collaboration with Leopold Halpern. -
Is String Theory Holographic? 1 Introduction
Holography and large-N Dualities Is String Theory Holographic? Lukas Hahn 1 Introduction1 2 Classical Strings and Black Holes2 3 The Strominger-Vafa Construction3 3.1 AdS/CFT for the D1/D5 System......................3 3.2 The Instanton Moduli Space.........................6 3.3 The Elliptic Genus.............................. 10 1 Introduction The holographic principle [1] is based on the idea that there is a limit on information content of spacetime regions. For a given volume V bounded by an area A, the state of maximal entropy corresponds to the largest black hole that can fit inside V . This entropy bound is specified by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy A S ≤ S = (1.1) BH 4G and the goings-on in the relevant spacetime region are encoded on "holographic screens". The aim of these notes is to discuss one of the many aspects of the question in the title, namely: "Is this feature of the holographic principle realized in string theory (and if so, how)?". In order to adress this question we start with an heuristic account of how string like objects are related to black holes and how to compare their entropies. This second section is exclusively based on [2] and will lead to a key insight, the need to consider BPS states, which allows for a more precise treatment. The most fully understood example is 1 a bound state of D-branes that appeared in the original article on the topic [3]. The third section is an attempt to review this construction from a point of view that highlights the role of AdS/CFT [4,5]. -
Soft Hair on Black Holes Arxiv:1601.00921V1 [Hep-Th] 5 Jan
Soft Hair on Black Holes Stephen W. Hawkingy, Malcolm J. Perryy and Andrew Strominger∗ yDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WA UK ∗ Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Abstract It has recently been shown that BMS supertranslation symmetries imply an infinite number of conservation laws for all gravitational theories in asymptotically Minkowskian spacetimes. These laws require black holes to carry a large amount of soft (i:e: zero- energy) supertranslation hair. The presence of a Maxwell field similarly implies soft electric hair. This paper gives an explicit description of soft hair in terms of soft gravitons or photons on the black hole horizon, and shows that complete information about their quantum state is stored on a holographic plate at the future boundary of the horizon. Charge conservation is used to give an infinite number of exact relations between the evaporation products of black holes which have different soft hair but are otherwise identical. It is further argued that soft hair which is spatially localized to arXiv:1601.00921v1 [hep-th] 5 Jan 2016 much less than a Planck length cannot be excited in a physically realizable process, giving an effective number of soft degrees of freedom proportional to the horizon area in Planck units. Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Electromagnetic conservation laws and soft symmetries 4 3 Conservation laws in the presence of black holes 7 4 Black hole evaporation 9 5 Quantum hair implants 12 6 Gauge invariance 14 7 Supertranslations 15 8 Conclusion 17 1 Introduction Forty years ago, one of the authors argued [1] that information is destroyed when a black hole is formed and subsequently evaporates [2, 3]. -
MATTERS of GRAVITY Contents
MATTERS OF GRAVITY The newsletter of the Division of Gravitational Physics of the American Physical Society Number 52 December 2018 Contents DGRAV News: we hear that . , by David Garfinkle ..................... 3 APS April Meeting, by David Garfinkle ................... 4 Editor David Garfinkle Department of Physics Oakland University Rochester, MI 48309 Phone: (248) 370-3411 Internet: garfinkl-at-oakland.edu WWW: http://www.oakland.edu/physics/Faculty/david-garfinkle Associate Editor Greg Comer Department of Physics and Center for Fluids at All Scales, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103 Phone: (314) 977-8432 Internet: comergl-at-slu.edu WWW: http://www.slu.edu/arts-and-sciences/physics/faculty/comer-greg.php ISSN: 1527-3431 DISCLAIMER: The opinions expressed in the articles of this newsletter represent the views of the authors and are not necessarily the views of APS. The articles in this newsletter are not peer reviewed. 1 Editorial The next newsletter is due June 2019. Issues 28-52 are available on the web at https://files.oakland.edu/users/garfinkl/web/mog/ All issues before number 28 are available at http://www.phys.lsu.edu/mog Any ideas for topics that should be covered by the newsletter should be emailed to me, or Greg Comer, or the relevant correspondent. Any comments/questions/complaints about the newsletter should be emailed to me. A hardcopy of the newsletter is distributed free of charge to the members of the APS Division of Gravitational Physics upon request (the default distribution form is via the web) to the secretary of the Division. It is considered a lack of etiquette to ask me to mail you hard copies of the newsletter unless you have exhausted all your resources to get your copy otherwise. -
Personal Recollections of the Early Days Before and After the Birth of Supergravity
Personal recollections of the early days before and after the birth of Supergravity Peter van Nieuwenhuizen I March 29, 1976: Dan Freedman, Sergio Ferrara and I submit first paper on Supergravity to Physical Review D. I April 28: Stanley Deser and Bruno Zumino: elegant reformulation that stresses the role of torsion. I June 2, 2016 at 1:30pm: 5500 papers with Supergravity in the title have appeared, and 15000 dealing with supergravity. I Supergravity has I led to the AdS/CFT miracle, and I made breakthroughs in longstanding problems in mathematics. I Final role of supergravity? (is it a solution in search of a problem?) I 336 papers in supergravity with 126 collaborators I Now: many directions I can only observe in awe from the sidelines I will therefore tell you my early recollections and some anecdotes. I will end with a new research program that I am enthusiastic about. In 1972 I was a Joliot Curie fellow at Orsay (now the Ecole Normale) in Paris. Another postdoc (Andrew Rothery from England) showed me a little book on GR by Lawden.1 I was hooked. That year Deser gave lectures at Orsay on GR, and I went with him to Brandeis. In 1973, 't Hooft and Veltman applied their new covariant quantization methods and dimensional regularization to pure gravity, using the 't Hooft lemma (Gilkey) for 1-loop divergences and the background field formalism of Bryce DeWitt. They found that at one loop, pure gravity was finite: 1 2 2 ∆L ≈ αRµν + βR = 0 on-shell. But what about matter couplings? 1\An Introduction to Tensor Calculus and Relativity". -
First Annual BHI Conference on Black Holes
The Inaugural Black Hole Initiative Annual Conference Scientific Program First Annual BHI Conference on Black Holes Monday, May 8 and Tuesday, May 9, 2017 Sheraton Commander Hotel, 16 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA Hosted by the Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University http://bhi.fas.harvard.edu/ All talks are 20 minutes (15+5) Sessions held in the George Washington Ballroom Coffee Breaks held in the adjacent Terrace Room Monday, May 8, 9:00AM-5:30PM 9:00-9:10AM Avi Loeb: Welcome Session 1: LIGO Session Chair: Ramesh Narayan 9:10-10:30AM Scott Hughes: Black Hole Physics via Gravitational Waves Dan Holz: LIGO's Black Holes Samaya Nissanke: Follow the Roars and Chirps: The Astrophysics of LIGO’s Binary Black Holes Deirdre Shoemaker: Binary Black Holes 10:30-11:00AM Coffee Break Session 2: General Relativity Session Chair: Ramesh Narayan 11:00-12:00PM Clifford Will: Relativistic Evolution of Orbits Around Spinning Massive Black Holes Emanuele Berti: Testing the Kerr Paradigm with Gravitational Wave Observations Pankaj Joshi: Black Holes and Naked Singularities--The Story So Far 12:00-1:30PM Lunch Break Session 3: Physics Session Chair: Andrew Strominger 1:30-3:00PM Alejandra Castro Anich: Extreme Measures for Extremal Black Holes: Recent Theoretical Developments on Black Hole Entropy Glen Barnich: BMS Current Algebra and Field Dependent Central Extension Stefanos Aretakis: Tails of Linear Waves on Black Holes Monica Guica: The Kerr/CFT Correspondence and String Theory 3:00-3:50PM Coffee Break Session 4: Supermassive Black Holes Session Chair: