Nobel Laureates with Their Contribution in Biomedical Engineering
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書 名 等 発行年 出版社 受賞年 備考 N1 Ueber Das Zustandekommen Der
書 名 等 発行年 出版社 受賞年 備考 Ueber das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-immunitat und der Tetanus-Immunitat bei thieren / Emil Adolf N1 1890 Georg thieme 1901 von Behring N2 Diphtherie und tetanus immunitaet / Emil Adolf von Behring und Kitasato 19-- [Akitomo Matsuki] 1901 Malarial fever its cause, prevention and treatment containing full details for the use of travellers, University press of N3 1902 1902 sportsmen, soldiers, and residents in malarious places / by Ronald Ross liverpool Ueber die Anwendung von concentrirten chemischen Lichtstrahlen in der Medicin / von Prof. Dr. Niels N4 1899 F.C.W.Vogel 1903 Ryberg Finsen Mit 4 Abbildungen und 2 Tafeln Twenty-five years of objective study of the higher nervous activity (behaviour) of animals / Ivan N5 Petrovitch Pavlov ; translated and edited by W. Horsley Gantt ; with the collaboration of G. Volborth ; and c1928 International Publishing 1904 an introduction by Walter B. Cannon Conditioned reflexes : an investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex / by Ivan Oxford University N6 1927 1904 Petrovitch Pavlov ; translated and edited by G.V. Anrep Press N7 Die Ätiologie und die Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose / Robert Koch ; eingeleitet von M. Kirchner 1912 J.A.Barth 1905 N8 Neue Darstellung vom histologischen Bau des Centralnervensystems / von Santiago Ramón y Cajal 1893 Veit 1906 Traité des fiévres palustres : avec la description des microbes du paludisme / par Charles Louis Alphonse N9 1884 Octave Doin 1907 Laveran N10 Embryologie des Scorpions / von Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov 1870 Wilhelm Engelmann 1908 Immunität bei Infektionskrankheiten / Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov ; einzig autorisierte übersetzung von Julius N11 1902 Gustav Fischer 1908 Meyer Die experimentelle Chemotherapie der Spirillosen : Syphilis, Rückfallfieber, Hühnerspirillose, Frambösie / N12 1910 J.Springer 1908 von Paul Ehrlich und S. -
The Nobel Prize Sweden.Se
Facts about Sweden: The Nobel Prize sweden.se The Nobel Prize – the award that captures the world’s attention The Nobel Prize is considered the most prestigious award in the world. Prize- winning discoveries include X-rays, radioactivity and penicillin. Peace Laureates include Nelson Mandela and the 14th Dalai Lama. Nobel Laureates in Literature, including Gabriel García Márquez and Doris Lessing, have thrilled readers with works such as 'One Hundred Years of Solitude' and 'The Grass is Singing'. Every year in early October, the world turns Nobel Day is 10 December. For the prize its gaze towards Sweden and Norway as the winners, it is the crowning point of a week Nobel Laureates are announced in Stockholm of speeches, conferences and receptions. and Oslo. Millions of people visit the website At the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in of the Nobel Foundation during this time. Stockholm on that day, the Laureates in The Nobel Prize has been awarded to Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, people and organisations every year since and Literature receive a medal from the 1901 (with a few exceptions such as during King of Sweden, as well as a diploma and The Nobel Banquet is World War II) for achievements in physics, a cash award. The ceremony is followed a magnificent party held chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature by a gala banquet. The Nobel Peace Prize at Stockholm City Hall. and peace. is awarded in Oslo the same day. Photo: Henrik Montgomery/TT Henrik Photo: Facts about Sweden: The Nobel Prize sweden.se Prize in Economic Sciences prize ceremonies. -
Edward Mills Purcell (1912–1997)
ARTICLE-IN-A-BOX Edward Mills Purcell (1912–1997) Edward Purcell grew up in a small town in the state of Illinois, USA. The telephone equipment which his father worked with professionally was an early inspiration. His first degree was thus in electrical engineering, from Purdue University in 1933. But it was in this period that he realized his true calling – physics. After a year in Germany – almost mandatory then for a young American interested in physics! – he enrolled in Harvard for a physics degree. His thesis quickly led to working on the Harvard cyclotron, building a feedback system to keep the radio frequency tuned to the right value for maximum acceleration. The story of how the Manhattan project brought together many of the best physicists to build the atom bomb has been told many times. Not so well-known but equally fascinating is the story of radar, first in Britain and then in the US. The MIT radiation laboratory was charged with developing better and better radar for use against enemy aircraft, which meant going to shorter and shorter wavelengths and detecting progressively weaker signals. This seems to have been a crucial formative period in Purcell’s life. His coauthors on the magnetic resonance paper, Torrey and Pound, were both from this lab. I I Rabi, the physicist who won the 1944 Nobel Prize for measuring nuclear magnetic moments by resonance methods in molecular beams, was the head of the lab and a major influence on Purcell. Interestingly, Felix Bloch (see article on p.956 in this issue) was at the nearby Radio Research lab but it appears that the two did not interact much. -
The History of Biochemistry
ISSN 2409-4943. Ukr. Biochem. J., 2019, Vol. 91, N 1 THES HHISI TORY OF BBIOCHEMISIOCHEMISTRY УДК 577.12 + 577.23 doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj91.01.108 Внесок лауреатіВ нобеліВської премії В розВиток динамічної біохімії та біоенергетики. е. бухнер, а. коссель, р. Вільштеттер, о. мейєргоф, а. хілл, о. Варбург, а. сент-дьєрді В. М. ДанилоВа, Р. П. ВиногРаДоВа, С. В. КоМіСаРенКо і нститут біохімії ім. о. В. Палладіна НАН України, Київ; e-mail: [email protected] отримано: 29 листопада 2018; затверджено: 13 грудня 2018 Дякуючи геніальним відкриттям нобелівських лауреатів першої половини ХХ ст. – е. Бухнера, а. Косселя, Р. Вільштеттера, о. Мейєргофа, а. Хілла, о. Варбурга, а. Сент-Дьєрді, сьогодні ми маємо уявлення про механізм перетворення і окислення органічних речовин в живих організмах. В статті представлено аналіз творчої діяльності цих геніїв експерименту і людської думки, які через розшифрування основних шляхів перетворення вуглеводів і енергії в живих організмах заклали основи динамічної біохімії та біоенергетики (одного з розділів біохімічної науки). К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: е. Бухнер, а. Коссель, Р. Вільштеттер, о. Мейєргоф, а. Хілл, о. Варбург, а. Сент- Дьєрді, зимаза, ензими, динамічна біохімія, біоенергетика. априкінці XIX ст. дослідники вже що окислюються. Перетворення органічних зрозуміли, що між початковими і речовин у живих організмах відбувається без Н кінцевими продуктами перетворень підвищення температури і за фізіологічних складних органічних сполук мають утворю- умов завдяки участі в реакціях біологічних ватись проміжні компоненти. Так, протеїни, каталізаторів – ензимів. вуглеводи і жири не відразу утворюють дво- Але це не було відомо наприкінці ХІХ – на окис вуглецю і воду; в процесі їх перетворення початку ХХ ст. -
Biographical References for Nobel Laureates
Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Nobel-Biographies.pdf 1 BIOGRAPHICAL AND OBITUARY REFERENCES FOR NOBEL LAUREATES IN SCIENCE © Dr. John Andraos, 2004 - 2021 Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to [email protected] http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ CHEMISTRY NOBEL CHEMISTS Agre, Peter C. Alder, Kurt Günzl, M.; Günzl, W. Angew. Chem. 1960, 72, 219 Ihde, A.J. in Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.) Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Charles Scribner & Sons: New York 1981, Vol. 1, p. 105 Walters, L.R. in James, Laylin K. (ed.), Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 1901 - 1992, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1993, p. 328 Sauer, J. Chem. Ber. 1970, 103, XI Altman, Sidney Lerman, L.S. in James, Laylin K. (ed.), Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 1901 - 1992, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1993, p. 737 Anfinsen, Christian B. Husic, H.D. in James, Laylin K. (ed.), Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 1901 - 1992, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1993, p. 532 Anfinsen, C.B. The Molecular Basis of Evolution, Wiley: New York, 1959 Arrhenius, Svante J.W. Proc. Roy. Soc. London 1928, 119A, ix-xix Farber, Eduard (ed.), Great Chemists, Interscience Publishers: New York, 1961 Riesenfeld, E.H., Chem. Ber. 1930, 63A, 1 Daintith, J.; Mitchell, S.; Tootill, E.; Gjersten, D., Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists, Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol, UK, 1994 Fleck, G. in James, Laylin K. (ed.), Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 1901 - 1992, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1993, p. 15 Lorenz, R., Angew. -
Nobel Prizes
W W de Herder Heroes in endocrinology: 1–11 3:R94 Review Nobel Prizes Open Access Heroes in endocrinology: Nobel Prizes Correspondence Wouter W de Herder should be addressed to W W de Herder Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, ’s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Email The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was first awarded in 1901. Since then, the Nobel Key Words Prizes in Physiology or Medicine, Chemistry and Physics have been awarded to at least 33 " diabetes distinguished researchers who were directly or indirectly involved in research into the field " pituitary of endocrinology. This paper reflects on the life histories, careers and achievements of 11 of " thyroid them: Frederick G Banting, Roger Guillemin, Philip S Hench, Bernardo A Houssay, Edward " adrenal C Kendall, E Theodor Kocher, John J R Macleod, Tadeus Reichstein, Andrew V Schally, Earl " neuroendocrinology W Sutherland, Jr and Rosalyn Yalow. All were eminent scientists, distinguished lecturers and winners of many prizes and awards. Endocrine Connections (2014) 3, R94–R104 Introduction Endocrine Connections Among all the prizes awarded for life achievements in In 1901, the first prize was awarded to the German medical research, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or physiologist Emil A von Behring (3, 4). This award heralded Medicine is considered the most prestigious. the first recognition of extraordinary advances in medicine The Swedish chemist and engineer, Alfred Bernhard that has become the legacy of Nobel’s prescient idea to Nobel (1833–1896), is well known as the inventor of recognise global excellence. -
Physics Nobel Prize 1975
Physics Nobel Prize 1975 Nobel prize winners, left to right, A. Bohr, B. Mottelson and J. Rainwater. 0. Kofoed-Hansen (Photos Keystone Press, Photopress) Before 1949 every physicist knew that mooted, it was a major breakthrough from 1943-45. From December 1943 the atomic nucleus does not rotate. in thinking about the nucleus and he was actually in the USA. Back in The reasoning behind this erroneous opened a whole new field of research Denmark after the war, he obtained belief came from the following argu• in nuclear physics. This work has for his Ph. D. in 1954 for work on rota• ments. A quantum-mechanical rotator years been guided by the inspiration tional states in atomic nuclei. His with the moment of inertia J can take of Bohr and Mottelson. thesis was thus based on the work for up various energy levels with rota• An entire industry of nuclear which he has now been recognized at tional energies equal to h2(l + 1)| research thus began with Rainwater's the very highest level. He is Professor /8TC2J, where h is Planck's constant brief contribution to Physical Review at the Niels Bohr Institute of the ^nd I is the spin. As an example, I may in 1950 entitled 'Nuclear energy level University of Copenhagen and a nave values 0, 2, 4, ... etc. If the argument for a spheroidal nuclear member of the CERN Scientific Policy nucleus is considered as a rigid body, model'. Today a fair-sized library is Committee. then the moment of inertia J is very needed in order to contain all the Ben Mottelson was born in the USA large and the rotational energies papers written on deformed nuclei and in 1926 and has, for many years, become correspondingly very small. -
891 Daniel Bovet and His Role in the Development Of
MEDICINA NEI SECOLI ARTE E SCIENZA, 20/3 (2008) 891-905 Journal of History of Medicine Articoli/Articles DANIEL BOVET AND HIS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOBIOLOGY ALBERTO OLIVERIO Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, I. SUMMARY 2QHKXQGUHG\HDUVVLQFHKLVELUWKÀIW\\HDUVDIWHUKLV1REHODFKLHYHPHQW 'DQLHO%RYHWVWLOOHPHUJHVDVRQHRIWKHNH\ÀJXUHVRIERWKSKDUPDFRORJ\ and psychobiology, the biological and evolutionary roots of behaviour. The OLIHDQGVFLHQWLÀFDFWLYLWLHVRI'DQLHO%RYHW DUHFORVHO\OLQNHG to the ‘golden years’ of pharmacology, the exceptional development of this science from the end of the 1930s to the 1960s. Later on, from the 1960s to WKHHQGRIKLVVFLHQWLÀFFDUHHU%RYHWHQWHUHGDQHZÀHOGSV\FKRELRORJ\ through the study of the effects of drugs active on the nervous system and their effects on behaviour. This approach led him to explore different aspects of the biology of behaviour, namely the role of individual differences, the genetic determinants of behaviour and their implications on learning DQGPHPRU\,WLVWKHUHIRUHHYLGHQWWKDWWKHUDQJHRIKLVVFLHQWLÀFDFWLYLW\ KDV EHHQ YHU\ EURDG D IDFW GLIÀFXOWO\ FRQFHLYDEOH LQ \HDUV RI H[WUHPH specialization. Bovet won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his GLVFRYHU\RIGUXJVWKDWEORFNWKHDFWLRQVRIVSHFLÀFQHXURWUDQVPLW- WHUV+HLVEHVWNQRZQIRUKLVGLVFRYHU\LQRIDQWLKLVWDPLQHV used in allergy medication: however, his contribution is very broad and ranges from chemotherapy to the sulphonamide drugs, the phar- macology of the sympathetic nervous system, the therapy of allergic FRQGLWLRQV WKH V\QWKHVLV RI DQWLKLVWDPLQHV FXUDUH DQG FXUDUHOLNH Key words: Daniel Bovet - Psychobiology. 891 Alberto Oliverio drugs and the use of curare as an adjuvant to anaesthesia, different aspects of the pharmacology of the central nervous system and in the last years of his career behaviour genetics and the effects of drugs on learning and memory. -
Appendix E Nobel Prizes in Nuclear Science
Nuclear Science—A Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart ©2018 Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP) Appendix E Nobel Prizes in Nuclear Science Many Nobel Prizes have been awarded for nuclear research and instrumentation. The field has spun off: particle physics, nuclear astrophysics, nuclear power reactors, nuclear medicine, and nuclear weapons. Understanding how the nucleus works and applying that knowledge to technology has been one of the most significant accomplishments of twentieth century scientific research. Each prize was awarded for physics unless otherwise noted. Name(s) Discovery Year Henri Becquerel, Pierre Discovered spontaneous radioactivity 1903 Curie, and Marie Curie Ernest Rutherford Work on the disintegration of the elements and 1908 chemistry of radioactive elements (chem) Marie Curie Discovery of radium and polonium 1911 (chem) Frederick Soddy Work on chemistry of radioactive substances 1921 including the origin and nature of radioactive (chem) isotopes Francis Aston Discovery of isotopes in many non-radioactive 1922 elements, also enunciated the whole-number rule of (chem) atomic masses Charles Wilson Development of the cloud chamber for detecting 1927 charged particles Harold Urey Discovery of heavy hydrogen (deuterium) 1934 (chem) Frederic Joliot and Synthesis of several new radioactive elements 1935 Irene Joliot-Curie (chem) James Chadwick Discovery of the neutron 1935 Carl David Anderson Discovery of the positron 1936 Enrico Fermi New radioactive elements produced by neutron 1938 irradiation Ernest Lawrence -
EMBO Facts & Figures
excellence in life sciences Reykjavik Helsinki Oslo Stockholm Tallinn EMBO facts & figures & EMBO facts Copenhagen Dublin Amsterdam Berlin Warsaw London Brussels Prague Luxembourg Paris Vienna Bratislava Budapest Bern Ljubljana Zagreb Rome Madrid Ankara Lisbon Athens Jerusalem EMBO facts & figures HIGHLIGHTS CONTACT EMBO & EMBC EMBO Long-Term Fellowships Five Advanced Fellows are selected (page ). Long-Term and Short-Term Fellowships are awarded. The Fellows’ EMBO Young Investigators Meeting is held in Heidelberg in June . EMBO Installation Grants New EMBO Members & EMBO elects new members (page ), selects Young EMBO Women in Science Young Investigators Investigators (page ) and eight Installation Grantees Gerlind Wallon EMBO Scientific Publications (page ). Programme Manager Bernd Pulverer S Maria Leptin Deputy Director Head A EMBO Science Policy Issues report on quotas in academia to assure gender balance. R EMBO Director + + A Conducts workshops on emerging biotechnologies and on H T cognitive genomics. Gives invited talks at US National Academy E IC of Sciences, International Summit on Human Genome Editing, I H 5 D MAN 201 O N Washington, DC.; World Congress on Research Integrity, Rio de A M Janeiro; International Scienti c Advisory Board for the Centre for Eilish Craddock IT 2 015 Mammalian Synthetic Biology, Edinburgh. Personal Assistant to EMBO Fellowships EMBO Scientific Publications EMBO Gold Medal Sarah Teichmann and Ido Amit receive the EMBO Gold the EMBO Director David del Álamo Thomas Lemberger Medal (page ). + Programme Manager Deputy Head EMBO Global Activities India and Singapore sign agreements to become EMBC Associate + + Member States. EMBO Courses & Workshops More than , participants from countries attend 6th scienti c events (page ); participants attend EMBO Laboratory Management Courses (page ); rst online course EMBO Courses & Workshops recorded in collaboration with iBiology. -
Fantasy & Science Fiction V030n04
THE MA GAZINE Of Fantasy and JACK VANCE Science Fiction ISAAC ASIMOV J.T. MCINTOS NOVELETS We Can Remember It For You Wholesale Philip k. dick 4 The Sorcerer Pharesm JACK VANCE 79 SHORT STORIES Appoggiatura A. M, MARPLE 25 But Soft, What Light . CAROL EMSHWILLER 41 The Sudden Silence J. T. MCINTOSH 45 The Face Is Familiar GILBERT THOMAS 64 The Space Twins JAMES PULLEY 75 Bordered In Black LARRY NIVEN 112 FEATURES Cartoon GAHAN WILSON 24 Books JUDITH MERRIL 31 Injected Memory THEODORE L. THOMAS 62 Verse: The Octopus DORIS PITKIN BUCK 63 Science: The Nobelmen of Science ISAAC ASIMOV 101 F&SF Marketplace 129 Cover by Jack Gaughan (illustrating "The Sorcerer Pharesm”) Joseph W. Ferman, publishek Edward L. Ferman, editor Ted White, assistant editor Isaac Asimov, science editor Judith Merril, book editor Robert P. Mills, consulting editor Dale Beardale, aRCULATiON manager The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Volume 30, No. 4, Whole No. 179, Apr. 1966. Published monthly by Mercury Press, Inc., at 504 o copy. Annual subscription $5.00; $5.50 in Canada and the Pan American Union, $6.00 in all other countries. Publication office, 10 Ferry Street, Concord, N. H. 03302. Editorial and general mail should be sent to 347 East 53rd St., New York, N. Y. 10022. Second Class postage paid at Concord, N. H. Printed in U.S.A. © 1966 by Mercury Press, Inc. All rights including translations into other languages, reserved. Submissions must be accompanied by stamped, self-addressed envelopes: the Publisher assumes no responsibility for return of unsolicited manuscripts. -
Allergy – What’S in a Name?
HISTORY OF ENT Allergy – what’s in a name? BY KATHERINE CONROY llergy is defined as an “abnormal immune reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance” [1], however Athe meaning of the word has taken many forms since its introduction in 1906 by Austrian Paediatrician and Immunologist, Clemens von Pirquet [2]. Combining his observations on the paediatric wards, where infectious diseases, vaccinations and diphtheria serum sickness were commonplace, and his knowledge of immune reactions in the laboratory, von Pirquet devised the term ‘allergy’, roughly translating as ‘different reaction’ in Greek. It grouped together illnesses such as asthma, hay fever and eczema, and placed them on the same spectrum as acquired immunity from vaccinations and reactions to therapeutic toxins. His conclusions were extrapolated by Charles Mantoux to develop his tuberculin test two years later. Unfortunately, this theory linking Clemens von Pirquet with a patient. Image courtesy of Wellcome Collection - https://wellcomecollection.org/works/yd78ffbn immunity and hypersensitivity, and von Piquet’s subsequent inference that antibodies could be both protective and also include morbidity – as governments References 1. AAAAI. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma harmful, was dismissed by many of his peers, realised the economic cost of chronic illness. Allergy became a clinical specialty in its & Immunology. www.aaaai.org/conditions-and- who instead supported French Physiologist, treatments/conditions-dictionary/allergy Last Charles Richet. Richet’s work on reinjection own right, with dedicated clinics, journals accessed October 2020. of dogs with sea anemone toxins showed and professional organisations in the 2. Jackson M. Allergy, The History of a Modern Malady. that a small, second dose could induce a interwar years.