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Nobel Physics Prize Winners (બૌતિકળાસ્ત્ર નોફર ઩ારયિોત઴ક) YEAR NAME CONTRY 1901 તલલ્શભે કોનાડડ યોન્િે狍ન જભડની એ囍વ યે ની ળોધ ભાટે 1902 Hendrik A

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Nobel Physics Prize Winners (બૌતિકળાસ્ત્ર નોફર ઩ારયિોત઴ક) YEAR NAME CONTRY 1901 તલલ્શભે કોનાડડ યોન્િે狍ન જભડની એ囍વ યે ની ળોધ ભાટે 1902 Hendrik A Nobel Physics Prize Winners (બૌતિકળાસ્ત્ર નોફર ઩ારયિોત઴ક) YEAR NAME CONTRY 1901 તલલ્શભે કોનાડડ યોન્િે狍ન જભડની એ囍વ યે ની ળોધ ભાટે 1902 Hendrik A. Lorentz નેધયરેન્્વ Pieter Zeeman નેધયરેન્્વ 1903 Antoine Henri Becquerel ફ્ા廒વ ત઩મયે કયયૂ ી નોફર ઩યુ કાય પ્રાપ્િ કયનાય ઩તિ-઩ત્ની ફ્ા廒વ ભેડભ ક્યયૂ ી ભેડભ કયયૂ ી નોફર ઩યુ કાય પ્રાપ્િ કયનાય ઩ોરેન્ડ - ફ્ા廒વ પ્રથભ ભરશરા ફની. 1904 John W. Strutt ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1905 Philipp E. A. von Lenard જભડની 1906 Sir Joseph J. Thomson ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1907 Albert A. Michelson યનુ ાઇટેડ ટેટવ 1908 Gabriel Lippmann ફ્ા廒વ 1909 Carl F. Braun જભડની Guglielmo Marconi ઇટરી 1910 Johannes D. van der નેધયરેન્્વ Waals 1911 Wilhelm Wien જભડની 1912 Nils G. Dalen લીડન 1913 Heike Kamerlingh નેધયરેન્્વ Onnes 1914 Max von Laue જભડની 1915 વય તલબ્રરમભ રોયેન્વ િેગડ ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન વૌથી નાની લમે રપબ્રઝ囍વન 廒ુ નોફર ભે઱લનાય 1916 1917 Charles G. Barkla ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1918 ભે囍વ કે.ઈ.એર.પ્રા廒ક જભડની 囍લાટ廒 ભની ભશત્લની ળોધ ભાટે 1919 જોશન્વન ટાકડ જભડની 1920 Charles E. Guillaume ફ્ા廒વ 1921 આલ્ફટડ આઈન્ટાઇન જભડની - અભેરયકા ASHWIN DIVEKAR Page 1 1922 તનલ્વ ફોશય ડન્ે ભાકડ 1923 યોફટડ એ. તભબ્રરકન અભેરયકા 1924 Karl M. G. Siegbahn લીડન 1925 狇મ્વ ફ્ા廒ક જભડની Gustav Hertz જભડની 1926 Jean B. Perrin ફ્ા廒વ 1927 Arthur H. Compton અભેરયકા ચાલ્વડ ટી.આય. તલલ્વન ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1928 ઓલન ડફલ્ય ુ રયચડડવન ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1929 Prince Louis-Victor de ફ્ા廒વ Broglie 1930 વય ચદ્ર廒 ળેખય લી.યાભન બાયિ 1931 1932 લોનડય શન્ે વનફગડ જભડની 1933 ઩ાઉર એ.એભ. રડયેક ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન Erwin Schrodinger ઓરીમા 1934 1935 વય 狇મ્વ ચેડ્તલક ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1936 કારડ ડી.㺂ડયવન અભેરયકા તલકટય એપ. શે વ ઓરીમા 1937 ક્囍રન્ટન 狇. ડતે લવન અભેરયકા વય 狍મોર્જ .઩ી થોભવન ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1938 એનરયકો પભે ી ઇટરી – અભેરયકા 1939 Ernest O. Lawrence અભેરયકા 1940 1941 1942 1943 Otto Stern અભેરયકા 1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi અભેરયકા 1945 Wolfgang Pauli અભેરયકા ASHWIN DIVEKAR Page 2 1946 Percy W. Bridgman અભેરયકા 1947 Sir Edward V. Appleton ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1948 Patrick M. S. Blackett ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1949 Hideki Yukawa જા઩ાન 1950 Cecil F. Powell ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1951 Sir John D. Cockroft ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન Ernest T. S. Walton Ireland 1952 Felix Bloch અભેરયકા Edward M. Purcell અભેરયકા 1953 Frits Zernike નેધયરેન્્વ 1954 ભે囍વ ફોનડ ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન લોલ્ટય ફોથ જભડની 1955 Polykarp Kusch અભેરયકા Willis E. Lamb અભેરયકા 1956 ગ અભેરયકા રાન્ઝીટય િથા સ઩ુ ય ક廒ડકટીલીટીની ળોધﺂજોન ફરડ Walter H. Brattain અભેરયકા ભાટે William Shockley અભેરયકા 1957 Tsung-dao Lee અભેરયકા Chen Ning Yang અભેરયકા 1958 Pavel Cherenkov Soviet Union Ilya Frank Soviet Union Igor Y. Tamm Soviet Union 1959 Owen Chamberlain અભેરયકા Emilio G. Segrée અભેરયકા 1960 ડોનાલ્ડ .એ 廍રેવય અભેરયકા 1961 Robert Hofstadter અભેરયકા Rudolf L. Mössbauer જભડની 1962 Lev D. Landau Soviet Union 1963 Maria Goeppert-Mayer અભેરયકા Eugene P. Wigner J. Hans D. Jensen અભેરયકા જભડની 1964 Nikolai G. Basov Soviet Union ASHWIN DIVEKAR Page 3 Aleksander M. Soviet Union Prochorov અભેરયકા Charles H. Townes 1965 Richard P. Feynman અભેરયકા Julian S. Schwinger Shinichiro Tomonaga અભેરયકા જા઩ાન 1966 Alfred Kastler ફ્ા廒વ 1967 Hans A. Bethe અભેરયકા 1968 Luis W. Alvarez અભેરયકા 1969 Murray Gell-Mann અભેરયકા 1970 લઇૂ વ નીર ફ્ા廒વ Hannes Alfvén લીડન 1971 Dennis Gabor ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1972 જોન ફાયડીન અભેરયકા જોન ફાયડીનને 1956ભા廒 રાન્ઝીટય િથા Leon N. Cooper અભેરયકા 1972ભા 廒 સ઩ુ ય ક廒ડકટીલીટીની ળોધ ભાટે John R. Schrieffer અભેરયકા ફીજી લખિ નોફર ઩યુ કાય ભળ્મો. 1973 Ivar Giaever અભેરયકા Leo Esaki Brian D. Josephson જા઩ાન ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1974 Martin Ryle ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન Antony Hewish ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1975 James Rainwater અભેરયકા Ben Mottelson Aage Bohr અભેરયકા – ડન્ે ભાકડ ડન્ે ભાકડ 1976 Burton Richter અભેરયકા Samuel C. C. Ting અભેરયકા 1977 John H. Van Vleck અભેરયકા Philip W. Anderson Nevill F. Mott અભેરયકા ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન 1978 Pyotr Kapitsa Soviet Union Arno Penzias અભેરયકા Robert Wilson અભેરયકા ASHWIN DIVEKAR Page 4 1979 Steven Weinberg અભેરયકા Sheldon L. Glashow Abdus Salam અભેરયકા ઩ારકિાન 1980 James W. Cronin અભેરયકા Val L. Fitch અભેરયકા 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen અભેરયકા Arthur Schaalow Kai M. Siegbahn અભેરયકા લીડન 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson અભેરયકા 1983 સિુ ભણ્મભ ચદ્ર廒 ળેખય અભેરયકા William A. Fowler અભેરયકા 1984 Carlo Rubbia ઇટરી Simon van der Meer નેધયરેન્્વ 1985 Klaus von Klitzing જભડની 1986 Ernest Ruska જભડની Gerd Binnig Heinrich Rohrer જભડની સ્લઝયરેન્ડ 1987 K. Alex Müller સ્લઝયરેન્ડ J. Georg Bednorz જભડની 1988 Leon M. Lederman અભેરયકા Melvin Schwartz Jack Steinberger અભેરયકા અભેરયકા 1989 Norman F. Ramsey અભેરયકા Hans G. Dehmelt Wolfgang Paul જભડની – અભેરયકા જભડની 1990 Richard E. Taylor કેનેડા Jerome I. Friedman Henry W. Kendall અભેરયકા અભેરયકા 1991 Pierre-Giles de Gennes ફ્ા廒વ 1992 જમોર્જ ચા઩ડક ઩ોરેન્ડ ફ્ા廒વ ૧૯૯૨ભા廒 ળોધ કયલા ફદર 1993 જોવેપ એચ. ટેમરય અભેરયકા ASHWIN DIVEKAR Page 5 Russell A. Hulse અભેરયકા 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse કેનેડા Clifford G. Shull અભેરયકા 1995 Martin Perl અભેરયકા Frederick Reines અભેરયકા 1996 ડતે લડ એભ.રી. અભેરયકા Douglas D. Osheroff અભેરયકા Robert C. Richardson અભેરયકા 1997 Steven Chu અભેરયકા તલબ્રરમભ .ડી રપબ્રરપ્વ અભેરયકા Claude Cohen-Tannoudji ફ્ા廒વ 1998 Robert B. Laughlin અભેરયકા Horst L. Störmer Daniel C. Tsui અભેરયકા અભેરયકા 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft નેધયરેન્ડ Martinus J.G. Veltman નેધયરેન્્વ 2000 Zhores I. Alferov યતળમા જભડની Herbert Kroemer Jack S. Kilby અભેરયકા 2001 Eric A. Cornell અભેરયકા Wolfgang Ketterle Carl E. Wieman જભડની અભેરયકા 2002 યેભડ廒 ડતે લવ જુતનમય અભેરયકા વૌથી ભોટી લમે પીઝી囍વ એલોડડ ભે઱લનાય( Masatoshi Koshiba જા઩ાન ૮૮ લ઴ડ Riccardo Giacconi અભેરયકા 2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov અભેરયકા – યતળમા Vitaly L. Ginzburg Anthony J. Leggett યતળમા બ્રિટન- અભેરયકા 2004 David J. Gross અભેરયકા H. David Politzer Frank Wilczek અભેરયકા અભેરયકા ASHWIN DIVEKAR Page 6 2005 યોમ 狇. 廍રોફય અભેરયકા ઓપ્ટીકર કોશયે ન્વની 囍લોન્ટ તથમયી યજુ 狍શોન એર.શોર અભેરયકા કયી. થીમોડોય ડફલ્ય ુ શને ચ જભડની રેવય આધાયીિ તપ્રવીભેન ઩ેકરોકો઩ી તલકવાવ્ય.ુ ૧૫ દીજીિ વાથેની રપકલન્વી વચોટ઩ણે ભા઩લાન 廒ુ ળક્ય ફન્ય.廒ુ 2006 John C. Mather અભેરયકા George F. Smoot અભેરયકા 2007 Albert Fert ફ્ા廒વ Peter Grünberg જભડની 2008 મોચીયો નામ્બ ૂ અભેરયકા વફ એટીભેક રપઝી囍વભા 廒 ઩ોન્ટીનીમવ િોકન તવભેન્ટયીની કામડ ઩દ્ધતિની વભજૂિી ભાકોિો કોફામાળી જા઩ાન આ઩ી. િો તળશીદે ભવકાલા જા઩ાન િોકન તવભેન્ટયીના ઉદબલ ᚂગેની ળોધ કયી. િોકન તવભેન્ટયીના ઉદબલ ᚂગેની ળોધ કયી. 2009 ચાલ્વડ કે.કેઓ બ્રિટન- ચીન ચાર્જ 囍પ્રડ ડીલાઈવ વ廒ળોધન આ વાધન ગર રાઈટﺂતલરાડડ ફોમેર અભેરયકા વેભીકન્ડટય છે. 狇 એક તવ 狍મોર્જ ઈ. સ્ભથ અભેરયકા તલકવેર ઩ાવેથી ડટે ા ગ્રશણ કયી ળકે છે. 2010 આન્દ્ર ે ગ્રીભ યતળમા કાફડનના એક ઩યભાણનુ ી જાડાઈન 廒ુ કોન્ટેન્ટીન નોલાયોરોલે યતળમા અતિળમ ઩ાિ઱ા ઩ડભા 廒 કાફડનના ઩યભાણ ુ ગોઠલીને ‘ ગ્રેપીન’ તલશ્વ વભક્ષ મક્યૂ .廒ુ ગ્રેપીનના કાયણે દ્વિ ઩રયભાણભા 廒 વાયી યીિે અભ્માવ કયી ળકામ. 2011 Saul Perlmutter અભેરયકા Brian P. Schmidt Adam G. Riess અભેરયકા અભેરયકા 2012 Serge Haroche David J. Wineland 2013 ફ્ાન્કોઈવ ⊂廍રેયટ ASHWIN DIVEKAR Page 7 ઩ીટય રશ廍વ 2014 ઇવામ 廒ુ આકાવાકી જા઩ાન રાઈટ એભેટʂગ ડામોડ (LED) વિો પ્રકાળ રશયોળી અભાનો જા઩ાન ની ળોધ કયલા ફદર. અભેરયકા શઝુ ી નાકામયુ ા 2015 િકાકી કાજજિા જા઩ાન ન્યરૂ ોનોની કાચʂડાની 狇ભ ય廒ગ ફદરલાની આથડય ભેકડોનાલ્ડ કેનેડા પ્રકૃતિની ળોધ ફદર. 2016 ડતે લડ થરુ વે બ્રિટન ડ廒કન શાલ્ડને ભાઈકર ક્રોટયરીટઝ 2017 યેનય લેઇવ જભડની ગ싂ુ ત્લાક઴ડણ વફત廒 ધિ િય廒ગો ળોધલાભા 廒 અભેયીકા ફેયી ફેયીવ ભશત્લની ભતૂભકા બજલી શિી િેભની આ ળોધ એરોપીઝી囍વના ક્ષત્રે ભા 廒 કી઩ થોનાડય ક્રાત廒 િકાયી ળોધ ગણલાભા 廒 આલે છે. 2018 આથડયએશ્કીન અભેરયકા આથડય એશ્કીનને ઓપ્ટીકર ટલીઝવડ ફ્ા廒વ ગેયાડડ ભૌયૌ િથા ફામોરોજીકર તવટભભા 廒 િેના કેનેડા ઉ઩મોગ ફદર ડોના રીકરન્ે ડ વય廒 કુ િ યીિે િીવ્રિાય囍ુ િ અલ્રા ળોટડ ઓપ્ટીકર ઩લ્વીવ ઉત્઩ન્ન કયલાની ઩દ્ધતિ તલકતવિ કયલા ફદર. 2019 狇મ્વ ઩ીફલ્વ અભેરયકા પીઝીકર કોભોરોજીભા 廒 વૈદ્ધાત廒 િક ળોધ ભાટે સમૂ ડ 狇લા િાયાની એકવોપ્રને ેટ ભાઈકર ભેમય સ્લઝયરન્ે ડ ઓફીટʂગ વફ廒 તધિ ળોધ ભાટે ડીડીમય કલેરોઝ સ્લઝયરન્ે ડ 2020 યોઝય ઩ને યોઝ બ્રિટન બ્રકે શોર ᚂગે જ્ઞાનની બ્રક્ષતિજ જભડની તલિાયનાયા ત્રણ તલજ્ઞાનીઓને યેઇનશાડડ ગેઝેર એનામિ એન્દ્ન્દ્રમા ગેઝ અભેરયકા ASHWIN DIVEKAR Page 8 યોઝય ઩ને યોઝને બ્રકે શોરની યચના વા઩ક્ષે લાદની તથમયીન 廒ુ ભજબિૂ ઩લૂ ાડનભુ ાન છે. 狍માયે ફાકીન 廒ુ અડધ 廒ુ યેઇનશાડડ ગેઝેર અને એન્દ્ન્દ્રમા ગેઝને આકાળગગ廒 ાના કેન્દ્રભા 廒 ખફૂ જ દ઱ ધયાલિો બ્રકે શોર ળોધલા ફદર એનામિ થમેર છે.
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  • Igor Tamm 1895 - 1971 Awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958
    Igor Tamm 1895 - 1971 Awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958 The famous Russian physicist Igor Evgenievich Tamm is best known for his theoretical explanation of the origin of the Cherenkov radiation. But really his works covered various fields of physics: nuclear physics, elementary particles, solid-state physics and so on. In about 1935, he and his colleague, Ilya Frank, concluded that although objects can’t travel faster than light in a vacuum, they can do so in other media. Cherenkov radiation is emitted if charged particles pass the media faster than the speed of light ! For this research Tamm together with his Russian colleagues was awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics. Igor Tamm was born in 1895 in Vladivostok when Russia was still ruled by the Tsar. His father was a civil engineer who worked on the electricity and sewage systems. When Tamm was six years old his family moved to Elizavetgrad, in the Ukraine. Tamm led an expedition to He graduated from the local Gymnasium in 1913. Young Tamm dreamed of becoming a revolutionary, but his father disapproved . However only his mother was able to convince him to search for treasure in the Pamirs change his plans. She told him that his father’s weak heart could not take it if something happened to him. In 1923 Tamm was offered a teaching post at the Second Moscow University and later he was And so, in 1913, Tamm decided to leave Russia for a year and continue his studies in Edinburgh. awarded a professorship at Moscow State University.
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  • 50 31-01-2018 Time: 60 Min
    8thAHMED BIN ABOOD MEMORIAL State Level Physics-Maths Knowledge Test-2018 Organized by Department of Physics Department of Mathematics Milliya Arts, Science and Management Science College, BEED Max. Marks: 50 31-01-2018 Time: 60 min Instructions:- All the questions carry equal marks. Mobile and Calculators are not allowed. Student must write his/her names, college name and allotted seat number on the response sheet provided. Student must stick the answer in the prescribed response sheet by completely blacken the oval with black/blue pen only. Incorrect Method Correct Method Section A 1) If the earth completely loses its gravity, then for any body……… (a) both mass and weight becomes zero (b) neither mass nor weight becomes zero (c) weight becomes zero but not the mass (d) mass becomes zero but not the weight 2) The angular speed of a flywheel is 3π rad/s. It is rotating at…….. (a) 3 rpm (b) 6 rpm (c) 90 rpm (d) 60 rpm 3) Resonance occurs when …. (a) a body vibrates at a frequency lower than its normal frequency. (b) a body vibrates at a frequency higher than its normal frequency. (c) a body is set into vibrations with its natural frequency of another body vibrating with the same frequency. (d) a body is made of the same material as the sound source. 4) The SI unit of magnetic flux density is…… (a) tesla (b) henry (c) volt (d) volt-second 5) Ampere’s circuital law is integral form of….. (a) Lenz’s law (b) Faraday’s law (c) Biot-Savart’s law (d) Coulomb’s law 1 6) The energy band gap is highest in the case of …….
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  • Photon Mapping Superluminal Particles
    EUROGRAPHICS 2020/ F. Banterle and A. Wilkie Short Paper Photon Mapping Superluminal Particles G. Waldemarson1;2 and M. Doggett2 1Arm Ltd, Sweden 2 Lund University, Sweden Abstract One type of light source that remains largely unexplored in the field of light transport rendering is the light generated by superluminal particles, a phenomenon more commonly known as Cherenkov radiation [C37ˇ ]. By re-purposing the Frank-Tamm equation [FT91] for rendering, the energy output of these particles can be estimated and consequently mapped to photons, making it possible to visualize the brilliant blue light characteristic of the effect. In this paper we extend a stochastic progressive photon mapper and simulate the emission of superluminal particles from a source object close to a medium with a high index of refraction. In practice, the source is treated as a new kind of light source, allowing us to efficiently reuse existing photon mapping methods. CCS Concepts • Computing methodologies ! Ray tracing; 1. Introduction in the direction of the particle but will not otherwise cross one an- other, as depicted in figure 1. However, if the particle travels faster In the late 19th and early 20th century, the phenomenon today than these spheres the waves will constructively interfere, generat- known as Cherenkov radiation were predicted and observed a num- ing coherent photons at an angle proportional to the velocity of the ber of times [Wat11] but it was first properly investigated in 1934 particle, similar to the propagation of a sonic boom from supersonic by Pavel Cherenkov under the supervision of Sergey Vavilov at the aircraft. Formally, this occurs when the criterion c0 = c < v < c Lebedev Institute [C37ˇ ].
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  • The Discovery of Cherenkov Radiation Roger Huang the Discovery of Cherenkov Radiation
    The Discovery of Cherenkov Radiation Roger Huang The Discovery of Cherenkov Radiation Roger Huang April 22, 2020 1/18 Cherenkov's Scientific Beginnings The Discovery of Cherenkov Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov began postgraduate studies Radiation at the Institute for Physics and Mathematics in Leningrad Roger Huang in 1930, and began working under direct supervision of Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov in 1932 This institute was transformed into the Lebedev Institute in Moscow in 1934, with Vavilov as director Cherenkov chose to study the luminescence of uranyl salt solutions under the gamma-ray radiation of radium 2/18 Investigating Luminescence The Discovery of Cherenkov Radiation Roger Huang Lumniscence is a weak glow caused when molecules are excited by some external source and then release light when decaying back to their ground state after some finite time This glow is weak, close to the human visibility threshold, and photomultipliers had not yet been developed Vavilov and Brumberg had developed the optical wedge method to quantify this glow, featuring the human eye has the measuring instrument 3/18 The Experimental Setup The Discovery of Cherenkov Radiation Vessel 1 contains the salt Roger Huang solutions under study, with slots for radium samples to be inserted below and to the side A Glan prism at 6 is used to measure polarization An optical wedge (opaque on one side and transparent on the other) is inserted into 4, moving perpendicular to this figure’s plane, to absorb some portion of the light 4/18 The Experimental Procedure The Discovery
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  • Lsu-Physics Iq Test 3 Strikes You're
    LSU-PHYSICS IQ TEST 3 STRIKES YOU'RE OUT For Physics Block Party on 9 September 2016: This was run where all ~70 people start answering each question, given out one-by-one. Every time a person missed an answer, they made a 'strike'. All was done with the Honor System for answers, plus a fairly liberal statement of what constitutes a correct answer. When the person accumulates three strikes, then they are out of the game. The game continue until only one person was left standing. Actually, there had to be one extra question to decide a tie-break between 2nd and 3rd place. The prizes were: FIRST PLACE: Ravi Rau, selecting an Isaac Newton 'action figure' SECOND PLACE: Juhan Frank, selecting an Albert Einstein action figure THIRD PLACE: Siddhartha Das, winning a Mr. Spock action figure. 1. What is Einstein's equation relating mass and energy? E=mc2 OK, I knew in advance that someone would blurt out the answer loudly, and this did happen. So this was a good question to make sure that the game flowed correctly. 2. What is the short name for the physics paradox depicted on the back of my Physics Department T-shirt? Schroedinger's Cat 3. Give the name of one person new to our Department. This could be staff, student, or professor. There are many answers, for example with the new profs being Tabatha Boyajian, Kristina Launey, Manos Chatzopoulos, and Robert Parks. Many of the people asked 'Can I just use myself?', with the answer being "Sure". 4. What Noble Gas is named after the home planet of Kal-El? Krypton.
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  • La Universidad Nacional De Investigación Nuclear “Instituto De Ingeniería Física De Moscú”
    la Universidad Nacional de Investigación Nuclear “Instituto de Ingeniería Física de Moscú” Año de fundaciónón: 1942 Total de estudiantes: 7 064 / Estudiantes extranjeros: 1 249 Facultades: 12 / Departamentos: 76 Profesores: 1 503 Profesor Docentes Doctor en ciencias Candidatos de las ciencias Profesores extranjeros 512 649 461 759 223 Principales programas de educación para los extranjeros: 177 Licenciatura Maestría Especialista Formación del personal altamente calificado 55 68 23 31 Programas educativos adicionales para los extranjeros: 13 Programa de preparación El estudio de la lengua rusa Programas cortos preuniversitaria como extranjera Otros programas 11 1 1 The history of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) began with the foundation in 1942 of the Moscow Mechanical Institute of Ammunition. The leading Russian nuclear university MEPhI was later established there and top Soviet scientists, including the head of the Soviet atomic project Igor Kurchatov, played a part in its development and formation. Six Nobel Prize winners have worked at MEPhI over the course of its history – Nikolay Basov, Andrei Sakharov, Nikolay Semenov, Igor Tamm, Ilya Frank and Pavel Cherenkov. Today, MEPhI is one of the leading research universities of Russia, training engineers and scientists in more than 200 fields. The most promising areas of study include: Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies; Radiation and beam technologies; Medical physics and nuclear medicine; Superconductivity and controlled thermonuclear fusion; Ecology and biophysics; Information security. In addition, future managers, experts and analysts in the fields of management, engineering economics, nuclear law and international scientific and technological cooperation study at MEPhI. Programmes at MEPhI: 1 Meet international standards for quality of education.
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  • RUSSIAN SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY STRUCTURE There Are Around 4000 Organizations in Russia Involved in Research and Development with Almost One Million Personnel
    RUSSIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STRUCTURE There are around 4000 organizations in Russia involved in research and development with almost one million personnel. Half of those people are doing scientific research. It is coordinated by Ministry of industry, science and technologies, where strategy and basic priorities of research and development are being formulated. Fundamental scientific research is concentrated in Russian Academy of Sciences, which now includes hundreds of institutes specializing in all major scientific disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, Earth sciences etc. The applied science and technology is mainly done in Institutions and Design Bureaus belonging to different Russian Ministers. They are involved in research and development in nuclear energy (Ministry of atomic energy), space exploration (Russian aviation and space agency), defense (Ministry of defense), telecommunications (Ministry of communications) and so on. Russian Academy of Sciences Russian Academy of Sciences is the community of the top-ranking Russian scientists and principal coordinating body for basic research in natural and social sciences, technology and production in Russia. It is composed of more than 350 research institutions. Outstanding Russian scientists are elected to the Academy, where membership is of three types - academicians, corresponding members and foreign members. The Academy is also involved in post graduate training of students and in publicizing scientific achievements and knowledge. It maintains
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  • Chdr-CHEESE Cherenkov DiRaction Radiation - Characteristic Energy Emissions on Surfaces Experiment
    ChDR-CHEESE Cherenkov Diraction Radiation - Characteristic Energy Emissions on Surfaces Experiment Silas Ruhrberg Estévez, Tobias Baumgartner, Philipp Loewe, Lukas Hildebrandt, Thomas Lehrach, Tobias Thole, Benildur Nickel, Tristan Matsulevits, Johann Bahl Werner-von-Siemens-Gymnasium Berlin March 31, 2020 1 Introduction Beam diagnostics are crucial for smooth accelerator operations. Approaches in the past have mainly focused on technologies where the beam properties are signicantly aected by the measurement. Recently, groups have performed experiments for non-invasive beam diagnostics using Cherenkov Diraction Radiation (ChDR) [1]. Unlike regular Cherenkov Radiation, the charged particles (e.g. electrons and positrons) do not have to move inside of the medium, but it is sucient for them to move in its vicinity as long as they are faster than the speed of light in the medium. Changes to the beam properties due to ChDR-measurements are negligible and therefore ChDR could be used for non-invasive beam diagnostics in future colliders [2]. 2 Why we want to go We are a group of high school students from Berlin with a great interest in physics. We discovered our passion for particle physics after visiting both the BESSY II synchrotron in Berlin and the LHC at CERN as a part of our physics studies. Since then we continued pursuing an active interest in particle physics, and when we heard about the BL4S com- petition we decided that we wanted to take part in this once in a lifetime opportunity. We hope to gain rst-hand insights into particle physics and to be able to share these insights with our friends and fellow pupils to promote interest and contribute to understanding of physics at our school.
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  • Ultra-Monochromatic Far-Infrared Cherenkov Diffraction Radiation in A
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Ultra‑monochromatic far‑infrared Cherenkov difraction radiation in a super‑radiant regime P. Karataev1*, K. Fedorov1,2, G. Naumenko2, K. Popov2, A. Potylitsyn2 & A. Vukolov2 Nowadays, intense electromagnetic (EM) radiation in the far‑infrared (FIR) spectral range is an advanced tool for scientifc research in biology, chemistry, and material science because many materials leave signatures in the radiation spectrum. Narrow‑band spectral lines enable researchers to investigate the matter response in greater detail. The generation of highly monochromatic variable frequency FIR radiation has therefore become a broad area of research. High energy electron beams consisting of a long train of dense bunches of particles provide a super‑radiant regime and can generate intense highly monochromatic radiation due to coherent emission in the spectral range from a few GHz to potentially a few THz. We employed novel coherent Cherenkov difraction radiation (ChDR) as a generation mechanism. This efect occurs when a fast charged particle moves in the vicinity of and parallel to a dielectric interface. Two key features of the ChDR phenomenon are its non‑invasive nature and its photon yield being proportional to the length of the radiator. The bunched structure of the very long electron beam produced spectral lines that were observed to have frequencies upto 21 GHz and with a relative bandwidth of 10–4 ~ 10–5. The line bandwidth and intensity are defned by the shape and length of the bunch train. A compact linear accelerator can be utilized to control the resonant wavelength by adjusting the bunch sequence frequency. A fast particle passing by an atom interacts with the electron shell forming a dipole that oscillates, inducing polarization currents that are changing in time 1.
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  • One Century of Cosmic Rays – a Particle Physicist\'S View
    EPJ Web of Conferences 105, 00001 (2015) DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201510500001 c Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2015 One century of cosmic rays – A particle physicist’s view Christine Suttona CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Abstract. Experiments on cosmic rays and the elementary particles share a common history that dates back to the 19th century. Following the discovery of radioactivity in the 1890s, the paths of the two fields intertwined, especially during the decades after the discovery of cosmic rays. Experiments demonstrated that the primary cosmic rays are positively charged particles, while other studies of cosmic rays revealed various new sub-atomic particles, including the first antiparticle. Techniques developed in common led to the birth of neutrino astronomy in 1987 and the first observation of a cosmic γ -ray source by a ground-based cosmic-ray telescope in 1989. 1. Introduction remove the air led to the discovery of “cathode rays” emitted from the cathode at one end of the tube. In 1879, in “There are more things in heaven and earth than are the course of investigations in England, William Crookes dreamt of in your philosophy ...” (Hamlet, William discovered that the speed of the discharge along the length Shakespeare). of a vacuum tube decreased as he reduced the pressure. This indicated that ionization of the air was causing the The modern fields of cosmic-ray studies and experimental discharge. particle physics have much in common, as they both The last few years of the 19th century saw a burst investigate the high-energy interactions of subatomic of discoveries that not only cast light on the effect that particles.
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  • Nobel Laureates with Their Contribution in Biomedical Engineering
    NOBEL LAUREATES WITH THEIR CONTRIBUTION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Nobel Prizes and Biomedical Engineering In the year 1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen received Nobel Prize in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him. Röntgen is considered the father of diagnostic radiology, the medical specialty which uses imaging to diagnose disease. He was the first scientist to observe and record X-rays, first finding them on November 8, 1895. Radiography was the first medical imaging technology. He had been fiddling with a set of cathode ray instruments and was surprised to find a flickering image cast by his instruments separated from them by some W. C. Röntgenn distance. He knew that the image he saw was not being cast by the cathode rays (now known as beams of electrons) as they could not penetrate air for any significant distance. After some considerable investigation, he named the new rays "X" to indicate they were unknown. In the year 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen received Nobel Prize in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science. In beautiful but simple experiments Finsen demonstrated that the most refractive rays (he suggested as the “chemical rays”) from the sun or from an electric arc may have a stimulating effect on the tissues. If the irradiation is too strong, however, it may give rise to tissue damage, but this may to some extent be prevented by pigmentation of the skin as in the negro or in those much exposed to Niels Ryberg Finsen the sun.
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  • Contributions of Civilizations to International Prizes
    CONTRIBUTIONS OF CIVILIZATIONS TO INTERNATIONAL PRIZES Split of Nobel prizes and Fields medals by civilization : PHYSICS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 CHEMISTRY .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 PHYSIOLOGY / MEDECINE .............................................................................................................................................. 3 LITERATURE ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 ECONOMY ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 MATHEMATICS (Fields) .................................................................................................................................................. 5 PHYSICS Occidental / Judeo-christian (198) Alekseï Abrikossov / Zhores Alferov / Hannes Alfvén / Eric Allin Cornell / Luis Walter Alvarez / Carl David Anderson / Philip Warren Anderson / EdWard Victor Appleton / ArthUr Ashkin / John Bardeen / Barry C. Barish / Nikolay Basov / Henri BecqUerel / Johannes Georg Bednorz / Hans Bethe / Gerd Binnig / Patrick Blackett / Felix Bloch / Nicolaas Bloembergen
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