The one great rule TV e will serve MP of composition is to group or party but will hew hard to speak the truth. the truth as we find it and the right as -Thoreau arxas Obstrurr we see it. An Independent Liberal Weekly Newspaper

Vol. 47 , MARCH 7, 1956 10c per copy No. 46

sponses received through March 12 will be published March 14. . 'ADM!, RALPH D.A.C. LEADERS The tabulations : AUSTIN Poll of Loyalist Group Shows Hart, White Nos. FOR PRESIDENT Loyalist Democratic leaders i n 2, 3 :Texas prefer Adlai Stevenson for First Second Third In Governor's Race; Kefauver Second to Stevenson Choice Choice Choice president and for No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. governor, their replies to an Observer ough with no second and third • place Stevenson .... 56 .78 9 '.13 4 .06 third place vote ; and W. (40 Cooper Kefauver 7 .10 24 .33 15 .21 poll indicate. choices, commented : "There is •only of Dallas was written in with a strong Harriman 2 .03 20 .28 23 .32 As of Monday afternoon, 72 of 141 one candidate." Another remarked: recommendation, but without a spe- Others* 5 .07 4 .06 4 .06 "Yarborough first, second, or third- cific vote. members of the Democratic Advisory TOTALS ... 70 .97* 57 .79* 46 . .64 Council had responded to the Observ- no other." In the presidential voting, Senator er's postcard query. Principal surprise in the results is Symington received three s first-place FOR GOVERNOR The Observer .asked for first, sec- the strengthening of Hart's standing votes and one each for second and First Second Third ond, and third preferences in both among liberal-loyalist leaders. The last third. Sens. Lyndon Johnson (D.- Choice Choice Choice Belden Poll on gubernatorial candi- No. Pct. No. Pct. No. Pct. races. Tex.) and William Fulbright (D.- Yarborough .. 41 .57 14 .19 6 .08 In the governor's race, Yarborough dates showed Hart and White about Ark.) each received one first-place Hart 17 .24 18 .25 13 .18 even. vote. Gov. George Leader of Pennsyl- White 6 .08 21 .29 18 .25 received 41 first-place votes compared Daniel 4 .06 3 .04 6 .08 Some council members wrote in vania received a second-place vote and Senterfitt • • • • 0 . to 17 for James P. Hart, six for John 2 .03 names in spaces provided under the two for third place. Sen. Henry Jack- Shivers 0 ... 0 ... 1 .01 White, and four for Senator Price Others Daniel. heading, "others." son and Gov. Mennen Williams of 2 .03 1 .01 2 .03 Figured at In the gubernatorial voting, Judge Michigan got a second-place vote 70 .97* 57 .79* 48 .67 three points for each James Sewell of Corsicana and for- first place vote, two points for second, each, and Gov. Leroy Collins of Flor- mer Congressman Ed Gossett got one ida was the third choice in one case. * Percent is percentage. of 72, the number and one for third, Yarborough had of cards returned at the time of the tabu- 157 points. first place vote each ; Gerald C. Mann The Observer tabulated the 72 re- to 100 for Hart, 78 for of Dallas got a second-place vote; lation. Disparities in percentage totals re-. White, and 24 for Daniel. plies as of Monday afternoon, which suit from dropping tenths of percentages Waco D.A. Tom IVIoore and Austin was about a week after they were from the table. Notes on "Others" will be Reuben • Senterfitt received two PR man John McCully each got a mailed out. A final tabulation of re- third-place votes, and Gov. Shivers re- foimd in the story. • ceived one third-place vote.. The loyalist leaders gave Stevenson 56 first-place votes, Sen. Estes Kelan- The ver (D.-Tenn.) seven, and Gov. Aver Governor's Issue for May ell Harriman of New York two. Sen. (Text of Shivers Speech, page 5), Interposition Is Debated; heard it discussed either in the past." Stuart Symington (D.-Mo.). received (Talk on Interpossition, page 3), "I never heard the word interposi- three write-in first-place votes. Meaning Still in Doubt tion used in a legal sense in my life, On the three-two-one scoring basis, AUSTIN for governor, backed tip interposition until recently in the newspapers," said Stevenson had 190 points, Kefauvel' A debate rages in Texas now over Associate Justice W. St. John Gar- 84, and Harriman 69.. - interposition, a - states' rights flag "because of the lack of courage by its wood. "I have often heard of the doc- Yarborough told the- Observer this raised by Governor Shivers for his Washington representatives." Senter- trine of nullification, and my present week that he thinks Stevenson is the followers in' the May political con- fitt has asked .S_ei.2ator_Pr.::e Daniel to impression is that it is the equivalent "strongest candidate" for the Demo- veritions' . :but . called "futile" and defend segregation in Congress. of what is meant by interposition." cratic presidential nomination. "His Associate Justices Meade F. Griffin, intellectual qualities are not surpassed "dangerousZ. by Austin lawyer Hart, former associate justice of Clyde-E. Smith, ,Ruel C. Walker, Rob- by any other man of either party," he James P. Hart. the Supreme Court and University of "Ft :Texas Chancellor, said he considers ert W. Calvert, and Frank P. Culver, said. He added that other Democratic The most specific. definition of the Jr., agreed they had not been aware candidates are well qualified. Eisen the doctrine "a futile effort to nullify Word comes from Atty. Gen. John the decision of the Supreme Court of of the doctrine as a serious legal prop- hower "practically had to be drafted" osition before its recent prominence. by. the G.O.P. "because of their pau- Ben Shepperd, Who says it .is not "a the " and "dangerous be- .city of material," he said. rebellious or disrespectful procedure" cause it tends to create national dis- The Texas Supreme Court has held - - but is siniply "a method. of protecting unity in these critical times when all that the Texas courts must comply Hart said : "I personally am for with the supreme law- of the land as Stevenson." White was not available the dignity and honor of the individ- Americans in all states should stand and work together with good will and interpreted by the U. S. Supreme for comment. sO• ual states against rulings which de- The D.A.C. is identified with oppo- prive them of rights, duties, and func- mutual respect." Court. sition to Gov. , • and its tions properly theirs." Hart repeated his stand that the in-1 members will likely be in competition In a letter to Rep. J. Edgar Wilson tegration decision - "the unanimous N DALLAS Reps. Doug with the members of the Shivers-dom- of Amarillo, Shepperd said this an- decision of the court of last resort"- Bergman, Ben Atwell, and Horace inated State 'Democratic Executive other way : should be observed. Houston and Sen. George Parkhouse Committee for control of the May "Interposition is not defiance, but a The Express interviewed seven Su- announced support for interposition. conventions to determine the delega- . simple challenge whereby a state may preme Court justices. Chief Justice All of them said it should be broad-, tion Texas will send to the Democratic properly limit the onrush of a govern- Hickman said: ened to include all states' rights. Berg- national convention at Chicago. The ment centralized in Washington." "I never heard of the doctrine until man said the issue is "the inalienable poor showing of Daniel, Senterfitt, However, Shepperd suggested it recent days. I never read about it or (Continued on. page 5) and Shivers was therefore to be ex- may contain an element of defiance in pected in this poll. a letter to-legislators raising the issue One card was returned with all of a special session. Contribution to Yarboiough three of them scratched and the com- "The Constitution, and not the ment: "Please don't insult a Democrat courts or Congress, is the supreme AUSTIN man's support in 1952 and 1954 but with Republicans like-these!" law of the land," he wrote. "A State, Elmer Patman, Superior Oil's man- didn't get it, Patman later explaining One respondent, voting for Yarbor- or a group of States, may defy a rul- agement counsel and lobbyist, gave he supported Gov. Shivers both times. ing on one question and remain wholly Ralph Yarborough $500 in the fall and The Houston Post reported . Secretary obedient on other questions, the while $500 around New Year's last ,year to of State Torn Reavley said "report- remaining in the Union." help him travel around the state and ers can't see" the 1952 *records, al- Shivers, urging interposition be decide whether to run for governor though they are still in existence, be- The Rundown placed on the Democratic Party pri- again, Yarborough said last week. cause they might be used as "a sucker AUSTIN mary ballot by the state convention, Patman provided the $2,500 which list." Tuesday they were made avail- said A is not exclusively for segrega- Nebraska lobbyist John Neff offered able on a reversal of policy, but the Gubernatorial sweepstakes early tion or the natural gas bill. "It will be Sen. Case (R.-S. bak.), with the re- Observer's examination did not reveal this week: a general protection of local authOrity sulting investigation to ,lobbying in. any listed Patman-to-Shivers' contri- Gov. Allan Shivers is out of the from federal interference-and that is Washington. butions in 1952 or 1954. race (see page five). exactly .what we. intend it to be," he In an affidavit he sent to the inves- Reuben Senterfitt, announced gu- Senator is likely to an- sadi. "To me it simply means our right tigation committee in Washington, bernatorial candidate,. referring to nounce his candidacy on a statewide to petition against the exercise of un- Yarborough said he had "nothing to Yarborough's "confession" he took television hookup March 12. constitutional' power by the central do with the 'Harris (gas) bill" and the contributions, 'called for a special Ralph Yarborough is inforining government," Shivers said. that the contribution. was solicited session of Texas House and Senate friends he will be a candidate, al- Seven Texas Supreme Court justi- from Patman as an individual, not a investigating committees to subpoena though he stated in El Paso he has not ces told the San Antonio Express they company representative. Patman and .to seek "particularly the finally decided. had never heard of the doctrine in a- In response to a query from the sworn testimony of "Senator Price James P. Hart is teetering on the legal sense. Some legislator's com- Houston Press, Yarborough said if he Daniel. No such meeting appeared edge of an announcement that could mented pro and con. Ralph Yarbor- becomes a candidate the contributions likely. go either way. ough had no comment at present, nor will be publicly reported in July as re- Patman testified in Washington that John White is taking a sharper in- have spokesmen for the loyalist Demo- quired by law. He said he has known Howard B. Keck, president of Super- terest in the Senate seat Daniel holds, cratic Advisory Coundil yet reacted Patman for 20 years and that Patman ior, handed him about $9,000 in 1955 urging that Daniel resign it to let can- publicly. Agriculture •Commissioner is one of the people who have told him for use in political activities. The Yar- didates run for it early in an open John White could not be reached for that he is "disappointed and disillu- borough contribution came out of this, race. comment. sioned and would support me if I run he said. There were other funds in Reuben Senterfitt, J. Evetts Haley, Reuben Senterfitt, who says he is again this year." 1954, but the committee did not find and J. J. Holmes have announced'. the "conservative reform* candidate YarborOugh said he asked for Pat- out who benefited. Let those flatter who fear, it is not an American art. The Trees Bear Strange Fruit in that Dismal Swonip —JEFFERSON

not ain! Interposition is not a doctrine, and leading candidate for the Demo- let no politician tell you it is. cratic nomination. Shivers is pledged Hardly two Weeks have passed is to oppose him if he is nominated. In the discussion before John Ben ad- other - words, Shivers has delivered mits it is "a simple protest" (though the Democrats a pre-dated pledge of he also calls it ."defiance"), and the party disloyalty. No wonder he's Governor says it is merely a petition trying to shift the issue to a word of protest to Washington—in other most people don't understand! words, a sort of bleating. In 1952 Shepperd was nowhere The Governor, the Attorney Gen- to beiound. If he was for the Demo- eral, and anybody else. is perfectly crats that year no one knew it. entitled to complain all he wants to. Now these two men have the te- But what monumental hypocrisy merity to suggest the Democrats have those two statesmen indulged should waste their time in May at- in by creating in the people's _minds tacking the federal government in- the belief that they can interpose the stead-of the Republicans ! state between the federal govern- The delegates at the May conven- ment and the schools. What' Shivers e- tions will properly give their atten- is trying to do is to interpose race Bartlett Appears Exclusively is The Texas Observer tion to discussing the relative merits hate between himself and the voters' of the leading presidential candi- wrath at his corrupt administration. dates and electing their representa- What Shepperd is trying to do is to tives up the line to Chicago. If they SHIVERS IN HISTORY ride the coattails of prejudice into wish they will specify whom they Au STIN good feeling toward . his fellow man can become liberalism when and another term he has not earned. prefer. If they prefer Adlai Steven- Governor Shivers will soon retire that son, it would be an excellent idea to from the Capitol scene. If he is riot if it is elaborated. Shivers let that die Leave them to their uneasy conscien- in him. He met the powers that rule, pledge the state delegation to him be- soundly repudiated at the May con- ces : what should the Democrats do? fore it leaves for Chicago. This Will and he saw that they did not like such ventions he will probably want to feelings. He became their foreman The purpose of the May conven- leave Shivers out in the cold, where run for the Senate, but in any event from the beginning, and in that he cast he deserves to be. tions is to select a delegation of the Shivers era has ended here. away his chance at greatness. Why? What do we think of it up close? Democrats who will go to Chicago Perhaps because he did not under- Many loyalists, old-line Demo- What will historians say? stand his option. Quite possibly be- and • help select the party standard crats, are for states' rights in the You've heard the people say Jim cause when he was a senator a man bearer against the Republicans. conservative sense. If this is all in- Hogg was a trust-buster. Pa Ferguson who admitted he was a liberal had terposition means, a lot of them will was the farmer's friend, but he was very little future in Texas .pctitics un- In 1952 Shivers was. bleating vote for it. That has nothing at all fairly shrewd at getting his own funds less he could sing a witch's song on against Adlai Stevenson. He still is. to do with the principal business of mixed up with the state's.. Ross Ster- the stump. - Possibly also because he Yet today Adlai Stevenson is the the May conventions : to wrest con- ling used troops to shut down the East has a vindictive streak in him, a streak trol of the party machinery from the Texas oil field. Jimmy Allred fought which feeds from his ambition ant. Shivercrats, to send a delegation to for what was right but was over- stabs ruthlessly at anyone who op- whelmed. Pappy O'Daniel was a dem- poses it. Chicago true to the traditions of the agogue, and betrayed the people; Democrats, and . thereby to lay a There is a sadness and an irony in kBeauford Jester • started poorly but the fact that his last defense of his item basis for restoring the statehouse to came to his senses and remembered administration, hiS` final plea for char- people of reasonable progressiveness. them. Such are the summary judg- ity from Texas history, was based on Glenn McCarthy, the oilman, has ments TeXans pass on their governors, a claim that he has been a spender. "I shaved off his mustache. This occa- If the people at the conventions foggy though the texts may be, and have helped the people, after all," he What will sioned "before and after"' pictures let Shivercrats make interposition foggier the Texas Almanac. seemed to pray. the issue, they'll wake up and find they say of Allan Shivers? on the front page of the Houston There It is true that state spending has the same old crowd interposing at • Now, of course, they say : increased substantially since 1946. Press, along with Mr. McCarthy's were crooks in his administration. And explanation of why he cut it off and Chicago against social security, 90 That year we were murdering our in- percent of parity, the natural gas they will say that later. sane and ill in the mental hospitals, why he's going to let it grow back. But what will they also say? bill, and everything else the old beating and starving our prison in- In his swan song the other night, I mates, and short-shrifting our school "First of all," said Mr. McCar- guard in Texas doesn't like, as well though Governor Shivers seemed dis- thy, "it was growing uneven and I as the supreme law of the land on children every day. It might be said tracted and disappointed. One sus- that he had no choice. He at least gave wanted to give each hair an even integration. pects he really wanted to run for,re- way to the terrific pressures for some chance. Secondly, I was hoping it election as he had hinted, that the hu- kind of decency in the state govern- would come out a different color." Shivers of the shell game—tide- miliating silence of the big-city press ment—the newspaper stories, the op- lands in '52, communists in Port Ar- and NAThat one can only presume was We are not advised what color it position speeches, the teachers' pleas thur in '54—is now trying to dis- the adamant unwillingness of the ma- and threats. He could not hold back was before he shaved it off. We saw tract the people with interposiion in jor industries to finance another cam- the tide of a growing pcipulation,.so he him recently in a Houston bar, but '56. His record speaks for itself, and paign for him came as a blow to his rode it. He never had the vision tt. pride and his sense of destiny. In an , it was one of these dimly lit private the people, fooled before, will not be lead it. Texas is still a backward state, clubs, too dark to notice colors. If unconvinced, unconvincing way, he fooled again. to blame as much better than the Texas of 1946, yeitt would like further details, and a told the people: You are - much worse than the minimum one much as I for the scandals ; remember, report on whether Mr. McCarthy has come to expect in the century of I was a spender, state services in- abundance and progress. has been able to will the change, ..../44nnOttPLCiefft en! creased, I did that for you. please subscribe to the Houston Unwilling to admit that his author- I suspect the Governor's conscience Press. Spring is here ! Tra-la-la-la la-la! ity with the people has been dissolved is hurting him as he leaves. When he by the acid headlines of scandal, the was speaking the other night of the Governor insisted on thrusting into the spending- increases achieved without summer campaigns, the rnctt inflam- an income tax or a "general sales tax," did he really em- matory possible issue : opposition to did I imagine it, or the Supreme Court decision on inte- phasize, as in a subconscious admis- gration. In this, even as he retired sion, the word, "general"? He knows aexas Obstrurr who pays the gasoline, cigarette; edu- from the Mansion, he betrayed one of his principal faults : a willingness, cational, and other "specific" sales - when cornered, to fight dirty. tales he and his associates have Though on the surface it seems passed. He has protected his benefac- Staff Correspondents: Bob Bray, Galveston ; tors and • not the people, and now that TEXAS, MARCH 7, 1956 Anne Chambers, Corpus Christi ; Ramon Garces, merely argumentative, no more basic Incorporating The State Observer, combined Laredo ; Clyde Johnson, Corsicana ; Mike Misto- point has been made about Shivers, it is time for him to leave he has to with The Democrat "vich, Bryan -, Jack Morgan, Port Arthur ; and apologize because he knows what he Ronnie Dugger. Editor and General Manager reporters in Dallas, Houston, Beaumont, El Paso, the politician, than that he created in Sarah Payne, Office Manager Crystal City, and Big Spring. the people's minds a totally false has done. Published once a week from Austin, Texas. Staff Contributors : Leonard Burrese, Deep , Delivered postage prepaid $4 per annum. Adver- East Texas ; , New threat of communism in the Port Ar- My guess is that the people will al tising rates available on request. Extra copies 10e Waverley, Bruce Cutler, Austin ; Edwin Sue thur strike. That he never brought a say two decades from now that many each. Quantity orders available. Goree, Burnet ; John Igo, San Antonio ; Franklin Entered as second-class matter April 2S, 1937, Jones, Marshall ; George Jones, Washington, D.C.; communist to a grand jury thereafter fine programs were started when. Shiv- at the Post Office at Austin. Texas, ander the J. Henry Martindale, Lockhart ; Dan Strawn, and ers was governor, but that he was still act of March 3, 1879. Kenedy ; Jack Surnmerfield, Austin ; and others. goes without saying. He solicited We will serve no group or party but will hew Staff cartoonist: Don Bartlett, Austin. Car- accepted victory on terms that would too committed to the forces of privi- hard to the truth as we find it and the right toonists: Neil Caldwell, Austin ; Bob Eckhardt, as we see it. We are dedicated to the whole Houston : Etta Hulme, A.nstin. shame a man of honor. lege to start them well or finance them truth, to human values above all interests, to the MAILING ADDRESS: Drawer F. Capitol Sta- fairly. He might have been a good rights of man as the foundation of democracy; tion. Austin. Texas. I agree with D. B. Hardeman that we will take orders from none but our own EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE: 504 Shivers is a tragic figure. He had ev- governor, but he was too late for the conscience, and never will we overlook oe mis- West 24th St.. Austin, Texas. Phone 7-0746. represent the truth to serve the interests of the HOUSTON OFFICE: 2501 Crawford St., Hous- erything : looks, brains, nerve, money. past, and too early for the future. It sub- Powerful or cater is the ignoble is the humon ton, Texas (Mrs. R. D. Randolph, director, Within every Itlaa the is the basic is too bad.. R.D., spirit. arriptiea drive; Richard Kennedy. /Add directory.

# A CONVERSATION ON INTERPOSITION

(James E. Titus is a member James "It would be difficult," said Marshall, of the Department of Govern- E. Titus "to sustain this proposition." He ad- WELL," he said, "then argu- ment of the University of Texas. mitted that the delegates to the Phila- ments based upon the sovereignty of —Ed.) THEN I pointed out that as delphia convention were picked by the the states don't mean much do they ?"- AUSTIN time went on the Supreme Court be- state legislatures, but the members of "In this day and age, considering A student dropped - into my offi ce gan exercising the power given to it this convention, the then existing Con- our tinity in the two world wars and the other day. He had that blunt, d by the "federal supremacy - clause," gress, and the state legislatures passed our international position, what you rect look students sometimes get a f- Article VI of the Constitution: the Constitution, which was then, in say is very true. And Mr. Shepperd is Marshall's language, "a mere propo- on mighty thin ice when he says in his ter losing an argument with a roof 1- "This Constitution, and the Laws mate. He was, he said, interested i sal," on toethe people for decision. The letter to the Legislature that 'A state of the United States which shall be or group of States, may defy a ruling' finding out about this business people of the United States then acted of made in Pursuance thereof ; and all upon it, said Marshall,. "in the only of the Supreme Court.' Treaties made, or which shall be made, inierp osition. manner in 'which they can act safely, under the Authority of the United He looked up from his reading to The word came out flat and har d. effectively, and wisely, on such a sub- remark: "But in Shepperd's letter to States, shall be the supreme Law of Knowing he was not to be denied, I ject, by assembling in convention. It is Representative (J. Edgar) Wilson, he indicated a chair and took my Doc 4- the Land ; and the Judges of every true, they assembled in their several _State shall be bound thereby, any says that 'interposition is not defiance.' ments of Atnerican History out of th e states, and where else should they Thing in the Constitution or Laws of - How do you account for this differ- bookcase. have assembled ?" Marshall concludes ence in language ?" any State to the Contrary notwith- First he wanted to know where thi that it was from these people's conven- hard, flat word had come from. I tol d standing." "Anyone is likely to become some- tions that the "constitution derives its what inconsistent when dealing with him that never before, to my know 1- "That's clear," he said. "All national whole authority." edge, had the word been used in it s such a meaningless concept as inter- laws are superior to state laws." position," I replied. present sense as a noun. We Tooke d "That's right," I replied, "but na- "Well, then," said my friend look- up the Kentucky and Virginia Res o- tional-state relations are never static, ing through a brief prepared by the "Isn't interposition just a new word lutions of 1798. In the Virginia reso and through our history men have of- Attorney General of Texas on inter- for nullification?" he asked. lution, written by James Madison, w e ten argued the question. For example: position, "John B e n Shepperd is "In a very real sense," I replied, "it found where the word was used, quit e Does the National Constitution derive wrong." is. But even Mr. Shepperd knows ifs incidentally in the text, as a verb—"t O its authority from the states or from "How do you mean?". I asked. too late to argue seriously about nulli- interpose." the people ?" "He says on page two of his brief fication. This is a doctrine in which He was curious about these earl y He asked about the Civil War. I re- that this is a 'Union of States' when the state openly refuses to enforce, resolutions. I told him. that both wer e minded him that long before that con- actually it is a Union of the People." federal law within its boundaries.- As drawn up to express displeasure t o- flict, the doctrine was firmly estab- He also pointed out that the Attorney Andrew Jackson indicated in his Pro- ward Congress for its passage of th e lished that the Constitution came from General's brief stated that "the pow- clamation to the People of South Car- in Alien and Sedition Acts the people and that the states and their ers of the Federal Government result olina in 1832, once a nullification pro- The perplexing question of the prope r governments were only agents in the solely from the compact of which the ceeding has taken place there is no authority to pass on problems of con process. Justice Story said in 1816: states are parties." recourse except to armed force. And stitutionality had not yet been re "The Constitution of the United I replied that such reasoning and this, said Jackson, is treason." solved in favor of the courts. Interest States was ordained, but emphatically, such arguments had never been ac- "But if it is true, as Mr. Shepperd inglvsenough, the sister states who re as the preamble of the Constitution cepted legal doctrine in the United tells Representative Wilson., that 'in- plied to the Virginia and Kentuck y declares, by 'the...people of the United States. In 1869, Justice Chase re-en- terposition. is . not nullification,' what, resolutions expressed unqualified dis States'." forced what had been established by for heaven's sake, is it ?" approval, arguing that "the Supre m e Three years later, Chief Justice force of arms four years before when "Let's look at this thing carefully,'' Court of the United States, ultimately Marshall dealt with the same problem. he wrote : "The Constitution, in all its I said. "One point of present disagree- has the authority of deciding on th e One of the counsels before the court provisions,' looks to an indestructible ment is the decision of the Supreme constitutionality of any act or law o f argued that the constitution was cre- Union, composed of indestructible Court in Brown v Board of Education the Congress of the United States." ated by an act of the sovereign states. States." of Topeka which stated that 'separate We also discovered that the Rhod e educational facilities are inherently Island Legislature took strong excep- unequal.' Another discontent, and the tion to the actions of Virginia and one to which Mr. Shepperd has di- Kentucky, arguing that for state legis rected his interposition brief, is Presi- latures to assume the authority of de dent Eisenhower's veto of the Harris- termining the legality of Congres Fulbright Natural Gas bill. sional acts would be "Hazarding an in "You wi+l note that this is the first terruption of the peace of the stat es by civil discord, ... each state having instance in our history where such ar- in that case, no resort ... but the guments as this have been directed strength of its own arms." toward the Court and the President "Even at this early date 'they real- instead of at Congress. There is no ized that such action by the states en- reason for us to suppose that a subter- fuge such as interposition will have dangered the nation as a whole," I said. any effect on the president's cftstitu- tional power to veto acts of Congress "What good did these resolutions do ?" he asked. or on the court's power to make deci- sions under the federal supremacy "No good at all. The Alien and Se- clause." dition Acts died under their ow Pussy-Fooling of the matter. I would like to take a "But Congress can be petitioned, terms in 1801." Texanic peek atit. can't it ?" To the Editor : I see no difference in being for a "t>f course," I. replied. "But if the . . . .Gentlemen, niay I inq-uire why bill that would benefit producers of state legislature wants to petition Con- TEXAS AT LARGE you have not seen fit to castigate the natural gas than being for a bill that gress to call a convention to revise the disgraceful pussy-footing of the seg- would benefit producers of cotton or Constitution, it should frame the doc- There has been some discussion regation issue by our so-called "lib- corn or hogs or wheat. We would be ument honestly as a petition to Con- about Rep. Maury Maverick, Jr., run- eral" office seekers ? Their monumen- inclined to take the hide off a Texas gress.and not as an 'Interposition Res- , ning for lieutenant governor. Talking tal lack of courage is discouraging to legislator who opposed measurers de- olution'." points of his advocates are his liberal- voters like me who think, like it or not, signed to benefit the farmers of "This whole thing then," he said ism, his name, and his sponsorship of that the law is the law. In this in- It is difficult for me to find a so- with narrow eyes, "looks like a pub- the House - passed lobbyist registra- stance, however, it is not merely the called "liberal" position regarding the licity stunt." tion law that was killed in the Texas law as declared by the highest court late lamented gas bill. I heard Fulton "In a way," I returned, "it is a Senate in 1955. of the land, but also the law of hu- Lewis while he considered it the "top hoax. ... The Democratic Since such a resolution has no Advisory manity and common sense. Where are of the news" to rail against the pass- standing in law, since it is not ad- Council has sent out a handbook on the uncompromising liberals of this age of the bill. I watched Sen. James dressed to Congress to summon a con- how to win precinct conventions in state? Murray work for its passage. I heard stitutional convention, and since it is 1956. Biggest type is at the end of the BEN G. LEVY Lyndon Johnson remind Hubert Hum- pamphlet, where it says : "On to designed to express displeasure about Chi- 1003 State National Bldg. Houston phrey that if Minnesota transported Eisenhower's use of his veto power, I cago ... with and (See editorial, "The Ungolden Si- butter via pipelines, Humphrey, too, other Genuine Democrats." believe you can honestly say that it is lence," Observer, Feb. 29.—Ed.) would support the bill. a device to gain publicity." ... Hall Timanus, chairman of the Economically, natural gas occupies "But what makes me mad," said my conservative Young Democratic Clubs Snapping Out a position in Texas similar to butter of Texas, has setup offices in the same narrow-eyed friend, "is that it tends To the Editor : and milk in Minnesota. I remember to mislead and confuse the people of building- with George Sandlin, chair- well that liberals did not fall out with man of the State Democratic Execu- I would like to take this opportuni- Texas. Interposition is just a high- ty to express the gra-titude of. many Sen. Humphrey when he fought the sounding word that doesn't mean any- tive Committee. He is soliciting mem- removal of the "oleo tax." Of course, thing." berships. people for the excellent job in which the Observer is giving the people of some time back a few Texas congress- "Politically and legally, that is true," ... The Austin American dropped men were for the•oleo tax until some I said. Drew Pearson's Texas the true facts of our corrupt column on orders lobbyist told them that it was made "And if this 'Interposition Resolu- from upstairs. Pearson is frequently state administration. I believe the Ob- from cotton seed oil tion' was put on the ballot and the peo- hard on Sen. Johnson and Speaker server will get the credit for snapping According to the Texas Almanac, ple of Texas approved it, actually Rayburn. In a column he wrote after many people out from under the spell of Shiverism the most objective of the Dallas News they would be criticizing President the American dropped him, for exam- publications, public school funds in B. R. WALKER Eisenhower for vetoing the Natural ple, he said Rayburn has made sure our state benefit to the tune of some Gas Bill?" nobody gets on the House Ways and Silsbee $50 million annually from taxes on Means Committee who might vote "That's about the size of it," I said. Hard to Find natural gas. Not near enough, to be "Well," he said getting up to leave, against the 27.5 percent oil depletion sure, but worth keeping. allowance and tax "I'm no oil or gas millionaire. I know write-off bene- To the Editor: The "consumer" - conscious Lone how I'll vote on it." fits. .I would like to inject a provin- Star Gas Company didn't like the bill "Paid your poll tax ?" I asked as he cial viewpoint into the discussion of either. went out the door. THE TEXAS OBSERVER the gas bill and its veto. The Observer W. O. COOPER MARCH 7, 1956 "Damn," he muttered, "I clean foxy • PAGE 3 has taken a broad "national type" view Dallas got about that." lege o:f lawyer-legislators lative sessions so flag continuances would be left to the discretion of the Three Grand Juris Hit Officials judge. In a resolution, the committee took AuSTIN Waco Group Says Commissioners Negligent; "cognizance of the publicity given to The Insurance Commission, the attorney-legislators receiving fees for Texas 'Liquor Control Board, and in- Others Scored from Austin and San Antonio the representation of clients directly fluence-peddling in the Legislature interested in pending legislation and Administrator Coke Stevenson has of ethics as a guide for the personal for the representation of clients be- were criticized in reports from grand and public behavior of all public ser- juries in Waco,. Austin, and San An- agreed not to renew the licenses of the fore administrative bodies of the ZOO taverns complained of, the jury vants. state" and added: tcinio last week, The jtitcy was "very close" to McLennan . County's grand jury re- said. "It appears that in some instances It called for tightening of state and enough information fox indictments, turned two indictments against A. B. jury foreman Emil Hahn said after such fees may not have been legitimate Sh,oemake, former head of U.S. Trust city liquor laws. And it added : "We attorneys fees, and such publicity re- must include laxness, whatever be the the report was filed. and Guaranty, charging him with the Meanwhile, grievance committees flects upon the moral integrity of the sale of trust certificates (securities) cause, of other enforcement alkencies." entire membership of the State Bar of The Travis County Grand jury did of the State Bar called for a local without a liCense after Sept. 6, 1955. committee crackdown •on lawyer-legis- Texas." The jury also said the insurance com- not return any indictments ,after its The group agreed that each lawyer lengthy hearings on U.S, Trust, but it lators who may have taken fees they missioners were "negligent" in not didn't earn. Meeting in Austin, the and organized bar must co-operate "in stopping such sales. recommended stiffer penalties for in- purging the profession of the unwor- surance law violations, a thorough lawyers also called for amendment of Shoemake . ' engaged in "a definite the mandatory case continuance privi- thy." pattern" of hiring legislators for "le- study of lobbying abuses, and a code gal counsel or services," said the jury, and most of the legislators so hired by company branch managers and paid by check earned their money. But the T.P.A. Changes Ad Handling same might not hold true for Sens. .Carlos Ashley of Llano, Gus Strauss • AUSTIN he, Hahn, thought Johnson was trying of Hallettsville, and William Shire- Sanford Indicted in Waco to strengthen his 'civil suit. man of Corpus Christi, said the jury. The Texas Press Assn. will not Russell Bryant, head of T.P.A. and "These men were employed in Aus- Over Ramsey Ads Payment publisher of the Italy News Herald, tin, Texas, and were paid in cash:All handle political ads this summer, Vern Sanford told the Observer. Instead, said the charges against Sanford -are were retained during December , 1954, Texas publishers have formed Texas again last Wednesday afternoon for "ridiculous and without foundation." and January, 1955, just prior to or He blamed 'the vindictiveness of a daring the legislative session," the Press Service for a clipping and ad- three minutes, explaining to D.A. Tom placing service. Sanford, general man- Moore he had "something more" he disgruntled, defeated candidate" who jury'said. Although it had "not been took his case "to another county, able to determine whether the pay- ager of T.P.A., will hold the same po- wanted to say. The indictments were sition with the press service, he said. returned anyway. where he is not known, and to a polit- ment of money to the -senators and ically ambitious individual," before he legislators affected their action" • on "We wanted to start a press clip- Sanford's bond was posted by W.S. ping service," he said. "The adver- Foster, publisher of the weekly Waco got "serious consideration." bills affecting Shoemake's companies, Sanford acted merely as an agent the jury said, it concluded that in the' tising phase will go to Texas Press Citizen, and Don Thomas of the Aus- Service. It's not a new thing. When tin law firm of Looney, Clark, and for candidates, Bryant said. He did case of the cash payments to the sena- not spend any of his own money for tors, "the senators admitted they did your volume gets so big you have to Moorhead. Ramsey. little or nothing to earn this money, do something about handling it," he Dean Abner McCall, foreman of the Waco grand jury, was chairman Johnson said he resented any impli- and in some instances branch manag- said. cation that D. A. Tom Moore was mo- ers in their senatorial district were not Sanford faces two indictments from of a committee of attorneys that Waco's grand jury charging he made drafted .the present Texas Election tivated by politics. (The Waco grand even aware that the senators had been jury noted at the end of its report that retained by Mr. Shoemake.", unlawful campaign contributions to Code. the campaign funds of C. T. Johnson, who has filed a civil Moore had been "free of political Ashley got $10,000, -Strauss $4,600, bias.") Johnson said it was "very dif- and Shireman $3,000. Strauss had de- during the 1954 lieutenant governor's suit against Ramsey, Sanford, arid race. One charge is that he spent T. P. A. for more than $36,000 dam- ficult" for him to see how the Lieuten- nied being employed by Shoernake to :ant Governor didn't see any of three the Observer. Strauss is not running $41.25 in McLennan County July 25,' ages, alleges that Sanford placed ads 1954, and another that he spent $35 for Ramsey in Texas papers and paid ads placed in state papers on his own for re:election. Shirernan is. Ashley behalf. :doesn't have to this summer. for Ramsey on June 25, 1954. Max-__ out about $11,500 for them. (The imum penalty would be ten years in Waco indictments were based on the "The big boys who have been buy- The Waco jury said of the Insur- in.g elections will think twice before ance Commission : jail and a $10,000 fine. ads placed in the Waco papers.) The Texas Election Code makes it Johnson went before the Travis they do it again," Johnson said. "The "Whether or not the Texas Insur- criminal part is what is rough. No one ance Commission could have pre- unlawful for any person other than a County grand jury in this same con- nection. Emil Hahn, the foreman of wants to go to the penitentiary." candidate , or his campaign manager or vented the failure of U.S. Trust & He said his own motive was clean Guaranty Co. and its allied corpora- assistant manager to spend more than that jury, said last week that John- $25 for the candidate. Ramsey said son's appearance was "just politics" , government. He announced he will tions is problematical." But the com- run again Sunday (see page 7). missioners were ,"negligent in their under oath he did not know who au- and was not taken seriously and that duty to the people" when they did not thorized placement of t'he Ramsey ads stop the sale -of U.S. Trust draft cer- in all T.P.A. newspapers, and that he tificatessafter Sept. 6, costing the in- did not do so. Sanford testified he had TEXAS ON FARM BILL vestors perhaps 800,000, the jury .said. thrown away the records and didn't In San Antonio, a grand jury called remember. WASHINGTON is being done to help Texas farmers, Saturday the board of directors of Senator Johnson recited a jingle to Daniel said. "for padlocking of 300 "trouble making On the floor of the senate, the sen- taverns" and commented: T.P.A. expressed "complete confi- the Senate last week, not much as poe- dence" in Sanford's execution of his try, and therefore not reproduced, but ior Texas senator said Texas farmers "We do not excuse the Texas Liq- complain they've been "Bensonized. uor Control Board of past laxness of duties. •. ending with the observation that the before the grand jury Benson farm program "flexes only one He said farm prices have fallen from enforcement." • Sanford went way." 94 percent of parity to 82 percent of "And that one way, Mr. President, parity since 1953, crop and livestock is down," Johnson said. prices have dropped 14' percent, and Johnson and otherDemocrats net farmers' income has fallen from continued pushing for fixed. 90 .percent $14 billion in 1952 to $10.3 billion in of parity price supports, which the 1955. ST Life Insurance Company in President has indicated he- may veto. Added Johnson: Texas with $1,000,000 Capi- Senator Daniel received a group of tal and Surplus Paid in Cash Texas Farmers Union representatives The Secretary of Agriculture has and told them he would continue ad- Prior to writing business— reacted characteristically to these vocating 90 percent price supports on facts. At first it was denied that there August, 1954. barley, oats, rye, and grain sorghums, was such a thing as a farm problem. provided that cultivated acreage is re- It was said those who talk of a farm duced one-fifth by farmers of these depression are misinformed. Then, ST To set a World's Production crops. "Everything humanly possible" after acknowledgment that such a sit- record of over $33,000,000 in uation exists, the trouble was said to have been inherited from 'the previous its first year. "Herb Doctor"? administration. Then it was blamed on LONGVIEW surplus, on incentives, on labor unions, Did Matilda Clayton think a Harri- and then, incredibly, on the farmers And Now Over $43,000,000 son County- "herb doctor" had her ' themselves. hexed with magical powders, he gave It was suggested that perhaps there LIFE INSURANCE IN her ? Eighteen of the deceased 85-year are just too many small farmers, that many of them are simply not operat- FORCE AS OF DEC. 31, old Negro woman's heirs think so, and they are basin.- their effort to- ing efficiently. This, then, was the , the- 1955. break her will on theb possibility. °Ty of natural selection—a sort of The strange case came to a head survival of the fittest code. last week when Gregg County Judge Mr. President, there are plenty of E. Earl Sharp ruled the woman had `fit' farmers and ranchers in Texas, been of unsound mind and refused to and many of them are just barely sur- appoint the "doctor' Rufus Williams, viving. A friend of mine writes from tempoary administrator of the estate. south Texas that 80 percent of the He said the woman had signed the ranch people are not making operating will in the office of a Dallas attorney, expenses—that all hog raisers lost Home Office : 5011 Fannin, Houston, Texas with Williams present. money. in 1955. AGENCIES THROUGHOUT TEXAS Mrs. Clayton had an annual income from oil royalties of about $27,000. Affiliated with She left $7,000 to Williams in her THE TEXAS OBSERVER Western Indemnity Life Insurance Company will. MARCH 7, 1956 PABE 4 The Shivers Speech In Announcing He Won't Run, He Says the People Trusted Giles, Too, and Adds That He Was a Spender

AUSTIN evidence to prove in court that a com- This is the released text of Gov. Al- pany should be closed. Ian Shivers's speech March 1 defend- We are using the new laws to the full- ing his administration, laying down his est extent, and I can say to you that by May 31 of this year, the Insurance Com- plan for interposition, and announcing mission will have cleaned out of the in- his decision to leave the Governor's surance industry every unsound, insolv- Mansion after three terms there: ent or dishonest company that can be MY FRpiOW TEXANS ... closed by the present stringent laws. In their efforts to hurt my administra- From the Governor's Office here in the tion, political demagogues have tried to capitol of Texas, I want to bring you a create the impression that the whole brief report on your State Government. Texas insurance industry is in danger of State Government has been in the news collapse. That is not only irresponsible lately. You have been hearing of wrong- and false propaganda, it is almost the doing in high places. Some of the reports opposite of the truth. have been true—some exaggerated, and More than 2,000 insurance companies some deliberate misrepresentations or haVe been operating in Texas. Total fail- outright lies of political demagogues ures have been mainly among the weak, eager to convince you that there is "a promotional type of company, which had mess in Austin"—that your State Govern- less than three percent of total insurance United Press. ment is all bad. assts, but over sixty percent of the fail- What are the facts? Let's look at the ures. The strong companies—those with record. First—what about the Veterans' GOVERNOR SHIVERS ON TELEVISION over ninety-two per cent of the total as- He Urged Interposition Decision at the May Conventions Land Program? • sets—had less than five percent of the The program was launched following failures. World War II to give Texas veterans a I say to you that the Texas insurance the laboring man in Texas has increased the unsuccessful tidelands grab, the Su- chance to buy farms, with the State lend- industry is second in size and soundness his income by almos, two-and-a-half preme Court's segregation decision, the ing them the money. It has helped 16,500 and value only to the tremendous Texas times what he was receiving in 1946. controls of federal aid to education—al- ex-servicemen. oil and gas industry. As we move into the second year of my ways another attack. another campaign, Unfortunately not all of the people in- Any report on the rough spots of State third term . as Governor, I am tremen- another propaganda barrage aimed at the volved were honest men. There was a Government ought, in equity, to mention dously grateful to all who have helped do basic element of our democracy: The pri- conspiracy between some promoters and some of the good things. I will not take these things—other elected officials, the vilege and right of self-government. a high state official who later pleaded the time to mention all the progressive , the hundreds of men I have fought this trend with every guilty to bribery. You trusted that programs sponsored by your State Gov- and women who have served on boards means at my command. I will continue to high state official with nine elective ernment during the last ten years. Let's and commissions. We have written a rec- do so. But my question today is: What do terms. I trusted him. too. He has con- take only a few examples: ord that will stand in history. It can be you want to do about it? fessed that our trust was misplaced, and Our advances in the public education temporarily obscured, but never erased, I have a suggestion as to how you can he is now being punished—as any other field have been almost phenomenal. In by the smear artists, the jackals of politi- express your convictions. An. unfamiliar guilty person should and will be pun- 1946, Texas had 42,000 classrooms. Today, cal adventure or ambitious incompetents word has come into the news lately—in- ished. we have 59,000. seeking personal gain. terposition. Actually the term interposi- If a single dollar was misappropriated Ten years ago the State was spending Why would these people be so anxious tion is as old as government itself. To me or a single veteran cheated, that was too , on. public education $84,000,000. This year to besmirch an administration that has it simply means our right to petition much. Nevertheless, the facts show that we are spending $300,000,000. That is an done these things for the people of Texas? against the exercise of unconstitutional despite political charges to the contrary, increase of 350 percent during that ten Well—some of them want the job them- power by the central government. This the program has not been badly damaged. year period, in order that your children— selves. One fellow in particular seems to year it can mean that the people of Texas The State has bought some $105,000,000 our boys and girls—would have a better be determined to set a new record for exercise their right of interposition by de- worth of land under this program. Less education. running in second place. But self-serving manding an amendment to the U.S. Con- than three per cent of this amount was Or, consider our highway system. The office-seekers are not the whole story, by stitution which will clarify and strength- involved in fraudulent deals. Over 16,500 Or, consider our highway system. The any means. ,kift.444 en local authority, as laid out in the Texas veterans have bought land under State had constructed 24,500 miles of The basic reason for these bitter at- Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitu- the program. Only forty-six of these vet- paved roads in 1946. Today, we have 49,- tacks against Allan Shivers is really a tion—the one which says that powers not erans land deals were fraudulent, and the 000 miles. simple one. Our opponents have lost delegated to the Federal Government nor State has already recovered more than In dollars, that means this That in 1946 every fight to date, but they are still ac- prohibited to the states •are reserved to $500,000 in those. the State Highway Department spent tive and vicious in their efforts to move the states individually or to the people. The faults of the Veterans Land Pro- $38,000,000 on highway construction and our government from the courthouse and I recommend to you—the voters of gram have been quickly corrected. We maintenance. In 1956, it will spend $192,- the statehouse to the White House—and Texas—a four-point program: intend to recover all the money involved 000,000, which is almost as much as we put their own kind of candidate in office 1. That you inform yourselves on the in fraudulent deals, and I predict to you spent on entire State Government for all to run your business from Washington. need for interposition through the means that, when this program is completed, the services in 1946. They know they can't do it as 19ng as Al- of a Constitutional Amendment strength.. State will actually make a profit of more Another striking example of improve- lan Shivers is . That's ening local government; • I than $25,000,000. ment is the State Hospital Program. the real issue. 2. That you express yourself for "or My political enemies say I should have Texas was at the bottom of the list a dec- Do you want a nationalized, federa17. against this principle of protecting local known that bribery was going on, be- ade ago, when we had only 14,000 beds ized, centralized form of government? Or self-government through a Constitutional cause the Governor is an ex-officio mem- for our mentally ill and other unfortun- do you believe—as I believe—that gov- Amendment by supporting or opposing ber of the Veterans Land Board, as he is ate citizens. Thanks to the vast program ernment ought to be kept as close to appropriate resolutions at your precinct, of many other boards and commissions. we—you and I—launched in 1950, we now home as possible? county and state Democratic conventions They never tell you that State auditors have 22,000 beds. We have more doctors, If you believe `in local self-government, in May; checking Land Board records constantly more nurses, better accomodations and this is the time to speak up. The princi- 3. That the State Democratic Executive found no evidence of wrong-doing. The better treatment. ples for which you and I have fought Committee, if so instructed by a majority fact is that people who practice bribery Of course, these are not all the changes throughout my twenty-two years in pub- of the voters in these conventions, place simply do not discuss it at committee for the better during the last ten years. lic office are in danger of becoming a the proposition of interposition by Con- meetings or put it in official files! We have made great strides in other paragraph in ancient history, instead of stitutional Amendment on the primary Now — what about insurance? The fields where progress must be measured the vital, governing force -that our fore- election ballot, as provided by the law widely-publicized failures of a relatively it terms of human values rather than in fathers intended. governing referendum; I few insurance companies in the recent dollars and cents. All of this has been ac- I do not have to dwell upon the evi- 4. And finally, if the voters of Texas past have been allowed to obscure the complished without the imposition of a dences of this trend. You know only too express their approval of an amendment fact that Texas has one of the soundest, state income tax or a general sales tax. well what they are: Control of oil, gas reinforcing their constitutional protec- most reliable, most important insurance Furthermore, during this ten-year period, and water by the Federal Government, tion against unwarranted Federal en- industries in the nation. croachment, that the Texas Legislature We are now going through the third pass a resolution next January proposing period of insurance reform in Texas his- such a Constitutional Amendment to the tory. The first came in 1907 with the INTERPOSITION DEBATED U.S. Congress. I famous Robertson laws. The second came One thing should . be clear: If we suc- in 1935, when great abuses were revealed. (Continued from page 1) an objection he also had to the move ceed in obtaining such an amendment, it Ever since 1936, efforts have been made right of the free people of a sovereign for a special session to impeach state will not mean segregation or integration, tx. strengthen the insurance laws of officials. or federal control or freedom from con- Texas. The need for'such action grew af- state to determine their own destiny." trol of gas, water or oil. It will be a gen- ter World War II when general prosperity Rep. Joe Pool of Dallas said he had eral protection of local authority from and the high reputation of the Texas in- not studied the proposal and could not MOST VEHEMENT de- Federal interference—and that is exactly surance companies attracted promoters say whether it would protect the state's nunciation of the doctrine came from what we intend it to be. and schemers to the industry. natural resources, a purpose he said he Rep. Maury Maverick, Jr., of San Do you agree that Texans should have I am proud to say that during my ad- favors. Antonio. He said it is "a morally cor- a chance to express themselves for or ministration, and under the leadership of rupt, unconstitutional, and fallacious against local control and local self-gov- your Insurance Commission, the Texas "A waste of time and energy," said ernment? Please let me hear from you. Legislature has adopted the strongest in- Rep. Barefoot Sanders. He said the concept," that Shivers and Shepperd "would perpetuate their careers by the I cannot stress too much my conviction surance laws, existing in the United interposition movement in southern that this is the real issue . before us in States. states is "useless." He has no objec- advocacy of sugar-coated but cruel 1956. It will be my pleasure and privilege We asked for, and the Legislature tion to the idea of a referendum, he racial hatred," and that the doctrine to do what I can in behalf of the states. passed, these stringent laws because we said. "eould leatd to abortive attempts to This is a battle I have waged without res- knew that some insurance companies overthrow the government of the Shepperd got a stinging reply from ervation or quarter as your Governor. I were weak or unsound or badly-managed. United States." seek no higher honor than that of having We wanted the authority to put them out Rep. Harold G. Kennedy of Marble s:rved you, as best I could, in this office of business. We wanted to keep any more Falls. Kennedy quoted the constitu- Rep. Ed Sheridan, Jr., of San An- since 1949. It is my belief, and my deci- Texans from being cheated or hurt by tion that the Attorney General is to tonio thinks the Governor has- a good sion, that I can best continue to serve you them. give advice to executive officers when point and interposition might be a in this fight if I am not a candidate for The Insurance Commission has been requested. "I am not an executive offi- good future weapon for states' rights. any public office. My heart is filled with criticized, and will continue to be criti- cer and most certainly have not re- Rep. Robert Strickland said a vote on gratitude for your support—and with de- cized, because in every failure there are quested any legal advice from your of- the issue would be a good idea. termination to keep on fighting with you, always some who say that the Commis- shoulder to shoulder, for our State, our sion acted too hastily, and others who fice on this matter," Kennedy re- "My first question," says Rep Stan- marked. Then he said he would not ley Banks of the Alamo City, "would nation and our democratic form of gov- claim it waited too long. The Commission ernment. is required to operate with proper re- "become a party" to "this apparent ef- be the validity of such a principle..... God bless all of you—and thank you. spect for the democratic principle of "due fort" because of a fear that it might I don't think anyone wants to be asso- process of law." It moves in on a company be "designed for the personal political ciated with anything that advocates THE TEXAS OBSERVER when—and only when—it has the legal gain of certain persons or factions,". overthrow of the federal government." MARCH 7, 1956 - PAGE S. 4 "Something sinister" may be happen- TEXAS POLITICS ing to the government, he commented. "Texas needs a lieutenant governor with no past political affiliations tar any past political debts to pay," he Texas GOP Elated; Plans Made said. Johnson, who campaigned for lower "This is the first time in the history and with legal sabers slash whole con- telephone rates in 1954, said in his an- Texans on Ike of Texas that the level of public mor- cepts of free government out of the nouncement: ality has sunk so low that it is worse Constitution. "It will be my desire to represent al Texas Republicans jubilantly pre- than in the carpetbagging days. The In 'San Antonio, Shepperd told the the people I am against all mon- dicted Texas will go for. Eisenhower Insurance Commission and the Veter- San Antonio P.-T.A. council that it opolistic control of industry in any of again after the President announced ans' Land Board are not the only state has not reached its objective as long its phases. In all cases of monopoly, as his intent to seek re-election. From agencies ridden with favoritism, mal- as "there is one home in which the well as in all cases where any indus- Washington National GOP Chairman administration, and improper relation- family car is in greater demand than try is affected with a public inter:4st, I Leonard Hall agreed. ships with those whom the state the family Bible." am for strict regulation and supervi- Texas GOP national committeeman boards are supposed to regnlate," he He urged his listeners to take politi- sion." Jack Porter said Dallas County will said. cal stands as individuals. "Show me a Former Texas Regular J. Evetts re-elect its Republican Congressman, In this speech, delivered before parent or teacher with no identifiable Haley of Canyon, Shivers-appointed Bruce Alger, and a Republican Sena- Gov. Shivers announced he would not stand on a vital public issue, and I'll Texas Tech Regent, historian of tor may be elected in the event of a run for re-election, Yarborough pre- show you a person with no identifiable Texas and the Southwest, and teacher vacancy. John White, Texas Commis- dicted Shivers and Senator Daniel importance to the civic welfare of his at the University of Texas until he sioner of Agriculture, said at Spur, would not both run, giving as his rea- community," he said. was not re-hired in 1936 when he was Texas, that if Senator Daniel does not son their "team-work" in the past. campaigning against Roosevelt, an- resign his Senate seat if he announces He said Texas needs a 20th century nounced he will run for governor on for governor, a Republican might win government "to match the ethicational, Candidates the issue of interposition against fed- a high-man-in Senate election, and industrial, economic, a n d spiritual eral dictation and encroachrpent. Porter said he agreed. greatness" of the times. C. T. Johnson, who polled more He said he wants interposition used Senator Lyndon Johnson said he "The $450,000 Valley Land Deal than 200,000 votes against Ben Ram- to "stop this mixing, by coercion and vvas happy the President has recov- paved the way 'for the frauds of the sey in 1954, announced he will run for immoral force, of white and Negro ered enough to campaign but said the Veterans' Land Board and was the lieutenant governor again. He said children in public schools" and to stop people will not make up their minds opening wedge in the general break- the future influence of several sena- the federal government "from de- until an "arduous" campaign is over. down in morality and sense of respon- tors who voluntarily returned cash stroying our most vital national indus- House Speaker Sam Rayburn said: sibility to the people by the state gov- retainer fees when they were exposed try, oil and gas." "I'in not surprised. I thought all along ernment," he charged. to public view should be closely scru- State Rep. Gilbert Spring of Apple he was a candidate because in my Attorney General John Ben Shep- tinized. Springs announced he will run against opinion he had been acting and talking perd's Brenham speech was a call for Recently the people have learned Congressman John Dowdy of Athens. like one." Texans to fight "constitutional fifth that thousands of dollars were spent The Kilgore News-Herald said the Lt. Gov. Ben Ramsey, the Texas columnists" with "Bibles, backbone, oil Ramsey's campaign "by persons loss of Atty. Gen. Jahn Ben Shepperd Democratic National Committeeman, brains, and ballots." unknown" to Ramsey, he said. The would be a "blow to the nation as well said the GOP prevailed on Eisen- He said the ocnstitutional fifth col- people should know "by what influ- as to Texas" and said the job he holds hower "in desperation .. because it has umnists march with hob-nailed boots ence the presiding officer of the Sen- has become "supremely .important" to no one else. The Republican adminis- across the face of sacred traditions ate was elected to the office," he said. the defense of states' rights. tration has done nothing toward solv- ing the farm problem, which I think will have considerable bearing on the return of Texas to the Democratic DIALOGUE IN A BAY CAFE fold in 1956." ,overnment shattered and . be- Representative : At least it would be edge that I would rather be free in-the An Eisenhower withdrawal would of trayed." better for a time ! Some of the people world, and try to• do something my have caused "a hesitant feeling" in would live better and freer for the own, even to fail at that, than to fill business, said P. B. Garrett of Dallas, . . . why didn't you try fashicrxing a work of art? while ! Here—you're an arrogant one! the slot another would fill as dully in president of the Texas Bankers Assn., You a fisherman telling me I am un- my absence and as dully die in it. but his announcement have an —Diderot to Rameau's Nephew (Two men are at the counter worthy for trying to act on my ideals! Representative : —I know what you exh i Vating effect." You think yourself more secure in the Hugh Roy Cullen, Houston oil-gas nursing their coffee. It is about nine mean! in the evening. The one is small, graces as you squeeze off a shrimp's Fisherman : Do you? millionaire, said he will back Eisen- head? hower again in spite of his veto of the wind-beaten, wary, the other taller, Representative : But what did you. natural gas bill. "If we don't (back softer, with a subtle form of dis- Fisherman : I didn't mean anything do of "your own"? Ike) one of those Democrats will get traction in his apparent relaxedness. about what you do. I mean I am sorry Fisherman : From boyhood I had in and then we will surely get social- They are talking as they wait for if I offended you. I meant only to beg dabbled with paints, when not busy ism," Cullen said. the rain,- slanting inland from the you to think through what you are do- with my badges and medals, and I bay, to ease.) ing, for you can only live your life loved it and had a certain 'aptitude, so The representative : Then you have once. Mine is gone, the better part, I had always included in my list of Mrs. Edwards no home? and I have failed, but I would like to options — millionaire, ship captain, see more people in our country fail as The fisherman : None. president, scholar — the possibility, The vice chairman of the Demo- I did. It would be better than so many "artist." The representative : I have often cratic National Committee, Mrs. India false successes—again, I speak from Representative : I see. Edwards, in Texas at the invitation of wondered what it would be like to a hope for you ! Look how America drift anchorless. Many men must fear Fisherman: I knew when I set out the State Democratic Women's Com- destroys its sons! that I would likely fail, as a statistical it but want it. mittee, spoke at four meetings and Representative : You would urge me issue, although I confess—I do not urged Democrats to campaign hard The fistferman: Fear it ? Only as to fail? Still, I like the thought, if it deny a disappointment now. against Eisenhower. long as you think there is something has content. What would you have a are not "He's no Sir Galahad on a white to be lost by sinking more valuable Representative : That you man do? renowned? charger leading all Americans, he is a than what you have when you're an- and Fisherman : We are just met, Fisherman : Well, yes, in a way— Republican through and through. And chored. I. am will not see each .other again, as that I have not earned renown among it's time we took off the gloves and The representative : What do you going out at dawn— hit him hard," she said. men of high spirit and love, with a mean? Representative : And I will be off She said Democrats would not need sense for the art, I mean. Fisherman : You are working in the for court in Brownsville in the morn- to make his health an issue. "We have Representative : I see. But what capitol for a better state government— ing— would you have me do ? I— other issues," she said. "I feel, how- for a new set of officers and better ever, his health will be in the minds of Fisherman : So I will tell you, give Fisherman : I would not say. I you, the core of meaning my life has everybody who goes to the polls." She laws? thought I felt in you, something of the had some digs for "Tricky Dickie" Representative : Yes. Laws to help had. It will take only a few breaths. phantom-chaser. There is more bru- Nixon, who she said might succeed people instead of to make it easier to I can't deny I think little of life, or tality in it than most can do, and then Eisenhower to the presidency. exploit them. You have no idea how rather more of life and less of what it you are hard aground on the reef of is generally thought to be, so that I "I don't want to trust my grand- depraved .it has been—is even now. the truth, freedom is close to death. If children's lives with men like Dulles There is a law in Texas— think each life has a single meaning in you fail, that is, if you must admit and the president of General Motors," Fisherman: Yes yes. I am prepared the main, a kind of essence which its you have not done what you sought to she said. And she said "the tiny bit of to believe that if the laws were the details do not bear on. I mean each do, then you know yourself as few corruption in the Truman administra- people's only protection Texas would man has a secret heart, and he lives by men ever must. If you succeed—well, it or against it, as he has courage. I tion is nothing to the corruption that is be hell. But now consider, what will I would not know. there now." you achieve, if, indeed, anything? At was—you see—born a bright one, but ( The waitress comes up to them. most a new set of weaklinos. Democ- my home was soiled, and to avenge "More coffee?" she asks. The old racy leaves no place for otherb than its my adolescent sense of injury I set man looks outside. The rain has Speeches heroes, who are few, and usually fak- upon all prizes and honors as though stopped. He shakes his head, and irs, and its llypocrites, who are legion, they would bring death to those I the softer one does, too.) At his press conference Monday, and in many varieties. If your asso- blamed. They did not, but I was The representative : You must ad- Gov. Shivers said he plans a nation- ciates mean well now they will be gripped in the pursuit for the balance mit that you speak of the self .... it wide tour drumming tip support for tempted later. Suppose, however, they of my youth. finally lapsing into a re- is not friendly to the race, brother- states' rights (interposition). He said do accomplish the improbable--- action durin, which I married and hood .... he will support the presidential candi- Representative: The people a re quickly had threeb children. Gradually (They both fall silent for a time.) date he thinks "best for the future of aroused— I awoke to my life, as from a womb- The representative : Well, it will the nation—irrespective,of his party Fisherman: Yes, stealing is com- youth dream. only be another year or two before we-- affiliation," but he hopes he will be a mon to us all. But then what have you Representative : I— will have the change all men of good Democrat. done ? You have merely tightened one Fisherman : — A moment. I saw faith want in Texas. Then I can de- George San.dlin, chairman of the arc of the cycle. Soon the wealthy that I was working for a company cide. conservative State Democratic Execu- would find the flaws in your friends, without knowing why, that I had The fisherman: Perhaps. Well, I tive Committee, said in a letter to and you, too, I dare say, and with embraced the world's habits without must be going. 22,000 or 23,000 persons over the state their sagacity—their own and that knowing it. I wondered what to do for The representative : Good night. that Shivers should be chairman of they can buy—and the power of the several years, going on in the mean- R. D. the Texas delegation to Chicago. newspapers who fear them, the condi- while until one day I happened THE TEXAS OBSERVER In El Paso, Ralph Yarborough said tion would return to its present form upon, or rather there crystallized into PAGE 6 Texans have seen "their high concept before long, a simple idea in my mind, the knowl- MARCH 7, 1956 Police Commissioner Walter L. john. ston would also be paid off. Johnstc" Payoffs a Part of the System bitterly denied any knowledge of the • • • • alleged bribery deal, and Amelio died • • • • • • • • before reaching trial. Clough, Simpson and Kugle Said No in Galveston Kugle, whom the gamblers referred (Second of a Series) 0 ID a SA "The Bugle," was also ap- was a principal reason why Clough, proached by one of Galveston's lead- GALVESTON Bob Bray in spite of his views on allowing gam- ing hotel men with an offer of $7,500 bling to continue, was staunchly op- yearly to play another tune. The hotel An example of how the Galveston in some 25,000 cast to Marsene John- posed by the gamblers last election. operator explained that "all the bad gamblers will spread their chips son, Jr., whose name was on the gam- publicity" resulting from Kugle's per- around in order to keep the game blers' "preferred voting list" with ISN'T necessary to be a iodic calls for the Rangers to stop going came last election when attor- Gov. Shivers, Rep. Jean Hosey, •and law enforcement officer in order to get gambling was "hurting business." ney Jim Simpson, a former FBI Sheriff Frank Biaggne. a payoff from Galveston gamblers or agent, sought the county attorney Simpson was neither the first nor bawdy house operators. Former Rep. His proposition was to retain Ktigle

- as his attorney and pay him the afore- post. the last to refuse money from the William H. (Wild Bill) Kugle, who gambling or bawdy house interests tried . to force Gov. Shivers and Col. mentioned legal fee just to keep his Running on a "complete cleanup" here in the past few years. Only a few Homer Garrison to crack down on isle (Kugle's) mouth shut. Kugle, who ticket, Simpson won the first primary. months ago Mayor George Roy _vice, was twice offered payoffs. was destined to lose his next election Just a few days later, the "reformer" Clough sent back a wad of bills from One of these offers was made by the to a gambler - endorsed candidate, was offered a payoff of approximately the gamblers. (The writer is a former late Sam Amelio, a male madam of turned down the offer with a louder $30,000 to drop out of the race. The Clough administrative aide.—Ed.) Postoffice Street, who said he had blast at isle vice activities. - gamblers, in effect, offered Simpson The mayor has repeatedly charged lined up eleven bawdy houses which While it is easy to find citizens who what they would term "a sure two-to- that some Galveston city officials are were immediately ready to pay Kugle admit being offered payoffs, getting one shot." They wanted to pay him receiving payoffs, but he hasn't been $50 monthly per house to "quit cans- anyone to confess he actually took twice the salary he would receive for able to prove it. Despite the fact he •ing all this trouble." All Kugle needed money from the gamblers is tougher a term in the county attorney's office. favors gambling and prostitution for do, Amelio said, was to stop agitating than filling an inside straight with no All he had to do was nothing—just the island as an "economic necessity," for shutdown of the Postoffice Street joker. drop out of the race. Clough told the voters during his bawdy house district. Although he had borrowed $500 campaign: Kugle tape-recorded the offer and from a local bank to help finance his "I'm not a collector and I'm not go- LOCAL OBSERVERS took it to a grand jury. Amelio was have never had much trouble under- campaign, Simpson emphatically de- ing. to be controlled by the gamblers." indicted for perjury when he denied clined the .offer. He lost by eight votes This stand, many Galvestonians say, standing why local officers allow gam- making the statement to Kugle that bling and prostitution to flourish. The big mystery through the years has been exactly how isle gamblers have AUTO TITLE INSURANCE EYED been able to control interference-from the Rangers and other state law en- AUSTIN Chairman J. Byron Saunders replied. Officers and directors of General forcement officers. Automobile and title insurance are "You shouldn't wait until we catch American are now defendants in a suit Despite requests from Kugle, then coming in for Insurance Commission you." - charging they conspired to mislead state representative and head of the scrutiny. Weems said afterwards,: policyholders and asking for almost $6 Galveston County Citizens Committee million in. damages. for Law Enforcement, and others, the A rate hearing on automobile bodily "If I was told to whip somebody, injury and property damage liability The Light said Cage is now living Rangers haven't Made any serious at- I'd go out and pick some -little ones. tempt to close isle gambling in several and physical damage has been set by That's what they're doing." in a palatial New York home formerly the commission for March 15. And occupied by • a famousw,movie star. years. Col. Garrison explained- to title insurance abstracter agents in Permanent receiverships yere or- Hopps, too, is living in an expensive newsmen that the Rangers were, too Texas have been asked for detailed dered last week for American Home home in California. Cage recently be- busy solving major crime to control profit and loss information with a re- Mutual Insurance Co. of Dallas and came dissociated from ICT. He had Galveston's gambling. At Kugle's in- minder that new insurance laws re- Trans-County Mutual. Insurance Co. persuaded AFL unions in Texas to sistence, Garrison barracked t w o quire commission approval of title pre- of San Antonio. • invest in it, and he built up a $15 mil- Rangers at the Buccaneer Hotel for mium division between underwrit- lion insurance-industrial empire be- several weeks. They closed down dice ing companies and their appointed Meanwhile, the San -Antonio Light fore stepping out last month. and poker games, but ignored bookie representatives. reported that at the suggestion of the joints, bingo, tip books and other Insurance Commission, Benjack Cage, Garland Smith, former insurance gambling operations. Last week the commission gave formerly of ICT Insurance Co. of commissioner, asked directly if A. B. two small mutual life insurance firms Dallas, drew Stewart Hopps, Califor- Shoemake of U. S. Trust had ever Isle gamblers are frankly afraid —Western World Mutual Life of nia insurance promoter charged with given him any gifts, replied no to the the Rangers may well find time to Fort Worth and Trans-Western. "defrauding and fleecing" Rhode Is- House Investigating Committee Mon- crack down on Galveston if another Mutual Life of Dallas----permission land Insurance Co. of $8 million, into day. Commissioner Mark Wentz was man begins sitting in the governor's to go out of business. attempts to salvage General American also questioned for the first time. chair, which explains their intense in- terest in the approaching gubernator- Wes Weems of the former firm Casualty of San Antonio in 1954. Felix Einsohn confirmed Tues6lay accused the commission of picking ial race. Hopps foresaw that General Ameri- that eBnJack Cage recommended him on small firms. and letting the big can "could make some real money for- to audit U.S. Trust in testimony to be . (Next week: So ffle Galveston Per- ones go. He said he had taken over reviewed next week. sonalities. ) a failing .Houston firm on the basis the management" in a letter, even. though he states therein that Cage had of its license from the Insurance found that General American's entire Commission, only to find it had been capital and surplus had been lost and operating wrong since its inception. its 1953 annual statement had been The board cannot "hold every offi- window dressed" to the tune of $1.5 cer's hand," Insurance Commission million. LET'S GET BEHIND Muffler on Texas C. T. Johnson

AUSTIN that prohibits use of state funds to in- Defense of freedOm of the college fluence state legislation and politics. press has been taken up by the Texas The nine-member board meets April 2. Intercollegiate Students' Association, - Morris has throttled under the made up of representatives of many Texan. A.week ago he was publishing Texas colleges and universities. blank space every time an editorial By a vote of 19 to 10, T.I.S.A.'s was held out, but at mid-week the fac- resolutions committee urged such a ulty members and student government defense after a University of Texas officers on the student-faculty publica- student representative, Bob Keith, ar- tions board met without any of the gued that full discussion of public af- student publications editors, and it be- fairs in the student press is a part of came known afterwards that Morris college education. had in effect been warned to go easy All is relatively quiet on the Uni- or take the consequences, whatever versity of Texas campus pending they might be. some official reaction from the Re- The non-editorial members of the gents to a letter they received from the board took the position, it is under- custodians of The Daily Texan, which stood, that they had defended the Tex- they have sought to censor. The letter an's independence to the Regents, and defended the right of the student edi- that Morris should not aggravate the tor to express his opinions on contro- situation until the Regents' reaction versial issues if the .Texan has given became known. a factual background. The Texan has been markedly non- "THIS IS THE HOUR OF DECISION" One of the nine Regents, all of controversial.in its most recent issues. He is the Only Man who Singlehandedly Is Breaking the Thsek et the whom were appointed by Governor Morris won't comment but is reported Political Machine in Texas. Allan Shivers, said Saturday that Edi- to feel he is biding his -time and will Your Moral Support and Contributions are Greatly Needed Today. tor Willie Morris's comments on state lath out again if the Regents' decision C. T. JOHNSON FOR LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR CAMPAIGN issues—such as his hostility to the does not leave the Texan free. HEADQUARTERS, 1901 RALEIGH AVE., AUSTIN, TEXAS Harris-Fulbright natural gas bill— (Paid Political Advertisement) makes the Texan subject to a civil law THE TEXAS OBSERVER suit pit* a state appro,,priatiou rider MARCH 7,1:56 JAACsi Z • the Texas State TeacherD meet• in Texas ing at Harlingen March 22-23. The Week • Austin had a brotherhood dinner, • Federal housing officials a n d start pulling pictures out of art exhib • Eleven Dallas newsmen were sub- at which speakers, including Dr. housing spokesmen for~ 11 Texas its, banning music from our syin- poenaed for .the defense by a man Irby Ca.rruth, superintendent of Aus- cities, meeting in Fort Worth, empha- phony, outlawing books from our li- who contends he can't get a fair trial tin schools, and many church leaders, sized their opinion Texas needs state braries, suppressing the reading ma- on a murder charge because of "great backed integration. "The- thing that terial ... of university students," he enabling legislation for slum clearance. publicity." will make integration successful is for , Cities which want to participate in the said, "we are stooping to the very level of communisin itself." He was • Dr. Ira Hiscock, president of the all parties to take it in stride," Car- federal program cannot do so for lack ruth said. , of this legislation at present. given a standing ovation. American Public Health Assn., says that Americans have made prog- Tarrant County's grand jury re- • An Austin N.A.A.C.P. spokes.- • A district judge barred claimant • ress in health, but they are not making turned an indictment against a man said the . national organiza- lawyer Everett H. O'Dowd • from .. the most of their health resources. tion is taking an interest in the further practice after a Waco jury pinball machine operator. • The former manager of the county's failure to prosecute a Negro found him guilty of soliciting clients The AuStin Headliners Club an- woman charged with violating the bus with the aid of "runners" and filing • Karnes County Electric Co-op, nounced seven cash awards to segregation law. Negro leaders con-. suits not based on facts. Jack Smith—admitting he absconded Texas daily newspapermen and with $10,000 of the co-op's money— tend the county feared the law would .0 The Dallas Park Board rejected a women : Terry MacLeod of Galveston said he couldn't explain what came be struck down. request of the Dallas County Pa- News for an exclusive story of a mur- over him. After taking the money, he derer's conNssion; William Gardner • Car windshields in Beaumont and triotic Council to withdraw an art ex- went to Corpus and bOught a Cadillac, , San Antonio were shattered by, of the Houston Post for a story on hibition scheduled for the Dallas Mu- went to Monterrey, was overcome shots from beebee guns and air rifles. seum of Fine Arts, which the council Bascom Giles ; Lorraine Barnes of the with remorse, and gave several thou- said contained paintings- by four "com- Austin American for a feature on a sand dollars to the needy in Monter- • A man's pet coyote attacked and munist f ranters." recluse ; Jim Mathis and Tom Martin rey's poverty-stricken sections. He bit a seven-year-old girl in Oak of the Houston Post for a series on had less than $3,000 when he was Cliff, Dallas. The owner said he'd de- • Eugene McElvaney, vice-presi- the Texas prison system ; Horace found, groggy from sleeping pills, in stroy the animal. dent of the First National Bank Tucker of the Houston Press for an Beeville. in Dallas, told the Dallas Rotary Club outstanding photograph; and Bob

that certain patriotic groups should be Cooke and Duane Howell of the Abi- • Four thousand educators from THE TEXAS OBSERVER . positive instead of trying to ban, pro- lene Reporter-News for a series on South Texas are expected at the PAGE 8 hibit, censor, or condemn. "When we farming and soil conservation. - • South Texas division convention of MARCH 7, 1956

Wm. A. Johnson ; Mr. Sran ; Laurance Bogero; Enasio Diboliss ; May Flemming ; Guadalupe . LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS Martinez ; Wm. McInes ; Thonfas Mobley ;- Un- known man ; S. Espinosa ; Mrs. Elvy Mobley; Vogel ; Simpson ; Meives Hernandez ; Edward De- Lopes ; Mrs. Cloy's baby ; Mrs. Cloy's baby ; Frank CITATION BY PUBLICATION Seymore ; Ben Dura ; Manuel Machuca ; Castan- THE STATE OF TEXAS cia Agmilera ; Eduard Gesch ; Adolph Smith ; Fer- nando Lazano; C. C. McCloud; Andrew John- TO Ellanor Groom, Defendant, the herein= son ; Richard McKinley ; Ed. Garcia ; Hazel Bisch- after styled and numbered cause: field ; Guadalupe Delgardo ; W. P. Knox ; Mrs. You are hereby commanded to appear before the Martin's child James Hutchilus ; Mrs. Sallie 126th District Court of Travis County, Texas, to Temples ; •C2sigerma Lopez ; Mrs. M. J. Clay ; 0. be held at the courthouse of said county in the C. Brazemore; Georgie Adams ; Mike Erkman; • City of Austin, Travis Coufity, Texas, at or be- Antoin Bela ; Mary V. Miller ; Child of John How- fore 10 o'clock A. M. of the first Monday after ard ; Mike Whalen ; William Cunningham ; Filipe - the expiration of 42 days from the date of issu- Flores ; Adelgunde Spath ; Marie Spath ; Samuel ance hereof ; that is to say, at or before, 10 o'clock F. Fowler lal,ittle Fowler ; Arnestena Kuhn ; Hiler A.M. of Monday, the 26th day of March, 1956, and Ruhet August Schulte Charles Lenic ; Claris answer the petition of plaintiff in cause Number Mde. Mentalits; if living, whose places of res- 102,948, in which Virgil Wayne Grooin is Plain- idence are unknown to Plaintiffs, and if dead the tiff and Ellanor Groom is defendant, filed in legal representatives of each of said named de- said Court on the 5th day of August, 1955, and fendants, and the unknown heirs of each of the the nature of which said suit is as follows : • said named defendants ; the legal representatives Being an action and prayer for judgment in of the unknown heirs of each of the said named favor of Plaintiff\ and against Defendant for defendants, if the unknown heirs of said named decree of divorce. dissolving the bonds of matri- defendants are dead ; the unknown heirs of the mony heretofore and now existing between said unknown heSs bf the said named defendants, if parties; Plaintiff alleges cruel treatment on the the unknown heirs of the unknown heirs of the part of defendant towards him of such a nature said named defendants are dead ; whose places as to render their further living tokether as hus- of residence are unknown to plaintiffs ; band and wife altogether insupportable ; Plain- Defendants in the hereinafter styled and num- tiff further alleges that no children were born bered cause: • of said union and no community property accu- You (and each of you) are hereby command- mulated; Plaintiff further prays for relief, gen- & to appear before the 98th District Court of eral and special; Travis County, Texas, to be held at the courthouse All of which more fully appears from Plain- of said county in the City of Austin, Travis tiff's Original Petition on file in this office and County, Texas, at or before 10 o'clock A. M. of to which reference is here made; the first Monday after the expiration of 42 days If this citati9p is not served within 90 days from date of issuance hereof : that is to say, at or after date °MU/issuance, it shall be returned un- before 10- o'clock A. M. of Monday the 2nd day served. of April, 1956, and answer the petition of plain- WITNESS, 0. T. MARTIN, JR., Clerk of the tiffs in Cause Number 103,440, in which Arthur • PROTECTS District Courts of Travis County, Texas. A Stiles and wife, Susie M. Stiles, and Margeret Issued and given under my hand and the seal. A. Stiles, a feme sole, and Marian Stiles Ewing, of- said Court at office in the City of Austin, this a widow, are Plaintiffs and each of the above the 10th day of February, 1956. named Defendants and the City of Austin, Texas, O.T. MARTIN, JR. a municipal corporation, are Defendants ; filed in YOU AND Clerk of the District Courts, said court on the 6th day of Feb. 1956, and the nature of which said suit is as follows: Being an action and prayer for judgement in NOTICE OF DISSOLUTION OF FIRM favor of Plaintiffs and against Defendants for title to and possession of the following described YOUR FAM IL AND INTENTION TO INCORPORATE premises, to-wit: Notice is hereby given that the undersigned, Being 16.035 acres of land, the same being out Robert H. Smith, sole owner of the .business firm of and a part of Outlot 25 of Division B. of the of Robert H. Smith & Co.„ located at 1915 Kolf- Government Outlots adjoining the original City ahl Street, Houston, Harris County, Texas, in- of Austin, Travis Colinty, Texas, according to a tends to dissolve such business firm of Robert map or plat of said Government Outlots on file H. Smith & Co. and incorporate the same with- in the General Land Office of.the State of Texas, out change in the firm name thereof, the cor- which 16.035 acres of land is more particularly porate name to read Robert H. Smith & Co., Inc., ALL FORMS OF described by metes and bounds in said petition ; said business dissolution and incorporation to Plaintiffs allege that on September 30, 1955, they take place after the expiration of thirty (30) were and still are the owners in fee simple of days from this the 15th day of February, 1956. said above described premises and thereafter on ROBERT H. SMITH, sole owner of Oct 1, 1955, Defendants unlawfully entered upon Robert H. Smith & Co. and dispossessed them of such premises and with- hold frotn them the possession thereof LIFE INSURANCE Plaintiffs further allege that the Defendants . . are claiming some right or title or lien against NOTICE OF INTENTION TO INCORPORATE said land, the exact nature of same being un- WITHOUT CHANGE OF FIRM NAME known to Plaintiffs but each of their claims be- TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: Notice is ing secondary and inferior to Plaintiff's title to hereby given that Frank L. Altman, doing busi- same ; and none of them being a valid claim a- ALSO ness as Builders Specialty Company, intends to gainst Plaintiffs ; Plaintiffs further pray for incorporate such firm immediately without a judgment holding that no party defendant hereto' change of the firm name. holds any lien against or right, or title to said BUILDERS SPECIALTY COMPANY above described real estate; San Antonio, Texas Plaintiffs, further pray for costs of suit and for SICKNESS • ACCIDENT By Frank L. Altman relief, general and special ; All of which more fully appears from Plain- tiffs' Original Petition on file in this office and CITATION BY PUBLICATION to which reference is here made; THE STATE OF TEXAS If this citation is not served within 90 days af- HOSPITALIZATION TO Lee Blocker, E Messina, Clayton; ter date of its issuance, it shall be returned un- Fritz Mernrcher; John Clough; S. Valdez ; F. served. Carson Miiore; John R. Teel ; F. Saeth ; Adolph WITNESS, 0. T. MARTIN. JR., Clerk of the Tchnick, R. H. Edmond ; Jane Williams ; Louis District Courts of Travis County, Texas. Morris ; William Bowen ; Charles Link; Maria Issued and given under my hand and the seal Maxwell; Julia Brown ; Mrs. Margaret Justus ; of said Court at office in the City of Austin, this Eugene Jackson ; Edward Morris ; Freddie Valdez; the 17th day of February, 1956. On Marcus Manlove ; Stephen W. Thompson ; Isa 0. T. MARTIN, JR. More Than 1/2 Million Poliyholders Depend Webb ; Albert Tennon : George Hord ; Peter Ring- Clerk of the District Courts, Travis County, Texas wood ; Mary Sims (foetus) ; Lou Mitchell ; Silves- By GEO. W. DICKLER, Deputy ter Keys ; Anderson Longum ; Pauline Reed ; .7. D. Pelts ; Nancy Thompson ; Spaeth ; Oscar At- kinson ; G. F. Duffy ; Nicolas Ramesis William NOTICE TO CLAIMANTS "NABLICO" To See Them Through Misfortune Lipscomb ; Manuel Santose ; Sicmundini Lopes ; On November 15, 1955, The Austin Na- Child of B. Garcia ; Mrs. Jane Kerr ; Refugio tional Bank, whose post office address is Garcia . Jack Ryan ; Ernest Kenedy; August Austin, Texas, was appointed and is now Marks ; Amanda Scott; Chas. Lawson ; Ralph Executor of the Estate of William James Blemen ; Ella Whitis baby ; Mattie Taylor ; Vinie Battle, Deceased. All persons haVing Roberson ; Jackie Ramey ; Robert Guard ; Lizzie are notified to Spires ; Theodore Swenson ; Ella Johnson ; Char- claims against said estate ley Mangeldorf ; W. B. Cockroft ; George Towns; present them to said The Austin National Henry Smart; Thomaia (surname unknown) ; Bank, Executor;-. within the time pre- John Togel ; Unknown Mexican ; Gregoria ; Nar- scribed by law. cisse Vesa ; Julius Closer ; Wash Grubbs ; Sedora The Austin National Bank, Soles ; Isabel (male) r John Watkins; Lucy Her- Austin, Texas, Executor nandez ; Charley Mason ; Carolin- Williams ; Mar- garita Bea ; Willie Clay ; Mollie Hanson ; Anselia Morantez ; Nevis Ramon ; Unknown Woman ; NOTICE to Creditors of Estate of John Charley Stephenson ; En femia Ramires; Mrs. Charles Barnes, Deceased: County Court Ernestine Kuehn ; Dennis Namer; infant of Mrs. of Travis County, Texas, on February 27, 410 Annie Soders ; Atanaceo Garcia ; Amal Remeriz; 1956, granted me letters as independent Miss Lizzie Mobley ; A. Unir ; Kareno Remires; INSUltANCE COMPANY Falis Mancha ; Susie Lopez Thomas S. Fullerton: executrix of said estate. You are required C. L. Foster ; Kennedy Pais ; Mabel L. Morrell; to present your claims to me, at the resi- Aggie Trinidad ; Antonio Albertes ; John Kaler dence and post office address shown be- 4703 ROSS AVE. DALLAS, TEXAS Peter Trehand ; Child of Mamie Skeets ; low, within the time provided by law. I.. H. GRAVES, JR., President John Hl: Viola White ; Willie Kil- MARY ALVA BARNES leberger Dave Cardenas ; Child left with Mrs. 304 East Eleventh Street Henderson ; Guadalupe Nava ; Author Thompson; Texas Frandisco Arnie; Rafel Salazar; Hannah Mobby; Austin,