March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7661 MEMORIALS relative to proposed amendments to the PETITIONS, ETC. McCarran-Ferguson Act; to the Committee Under clause 4 of rule XXII memorials on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions were presented and referred as ;follows: and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk 40. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the and referred as follows: Legislature of the State of Idaho, relative to PRIVATE Bil.JLS AND RESOLUTIONS 59. By Mr. FUQUA: Petition of members of sugar beet market conditions; to the Com Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private the Gainesville Florida Campus Federal mittee on Agriculture. bills and resolutions were introduced and Credit Union, relative to the Federal Credit 41. Also, memorial of the Legislature of severally referred as follows: Union Amendments; to the Committee on the State of Washington, relative to Federal Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs. regulations on pesticides; to the Committee By Mr. BARNARD: on Agriculture. H.R. 5097. A bill for the relief of Dr. Daryl 60. Also, petition of the Fifth Northern 42. Also, memorial of the Senate of the c. Johnson; to the Committee on the Judi Mariana Islands Legislature, Susupe, Saipan, State of Hawaii, relative to amending the ciary. Mariana Islands, Trust Terri tory of the Pa revenue sharing program; to the Committee By Mr. BLANCHARD: cUic Islands, relative to amending the Food on Government Operations. H.R. 5098. A bill for the relief of Mr. and Stamp Act to include the Northern Mariana 43. Also, memorial of the Senate of the Mrs. Everett Walker; to the Committee on Islands; to the Committee on Agriculture. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, relative the Judiciary. 61. Also, petition of the City Council, New to creation of a Department of Energy; to By Mr. MOORHEAD of California: York, N.Y., relative to designating the birth the Committee on IJovernment Operations. H.R. 5099. A bill for the relief of Brian Hall day of the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., 44. By Mr. RUDD: Memorial of the House and Vera W. Hall; to the Committee on the as a national holiday; to the Committee on of Representatives of the state of Arizona, Judiciary. Post Office and Civil Service.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS VOICE OF DEMOCRACY ESSAY What 1s the meaning of the next word ... School in Orange, Tex., and was the State WINNER FROM KENTUCKY Indivisible? Webster states it in this way, winner in the Voice of Democracy schol "Not capable of being divided or separated." arship program. The program is spon That doesn't mean just for two hundred years, that means forever. Indivisible through sored by the VFW and its ladies auxiliary HON. GENE SNYDER and is conducted annually in our Na OF KENTUCKY war, depression, political differences, and everything else that we have met and con tion's secondary schools. Upward to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quered. We stand united behind the stars 500,000 students from over 8,000 sec Monday, March 14, 1977 and stripes because that is the American way. ondary schools participated in this year's Realizing that other nations hold opinions 30th annual Voice of Democracy pro Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, would different from ours, is another uniquely gram. It is a national broadcast script like to shar~ with my colleagues the American concept. We do not try to force our writing program which provides an op thoughts of a young lady from Ludlow, belil~fs on anyone else, but we leave them open for anyone to accept. It is much the portunity for lOth, 11th, and 12th grade Ky. Joni Gail Johnson spoke these words students in our public, private, and as a contestant in the 1976-77 VFW Voice same as the open arms of our Lady of Liberty, of Democracy scholarship program, and welcoming all those in .search of refuge be parochial schools to think, write, and I think they deserve repeating. tween our shores. speak up for freedom and democracy. Several times others have taken advantage This is one of the most inspiring state Joni was asked to describe what of these open arms and tried to penetrate and ments I have yet heard about our coun America meant to her. The answer she destroy us. With sorry hearts, we fought back. try and it makes me proud to know that gave was judged as the best in Kentucky No one is happy with the thought of war, it came from one of our youth. It is with and I think if you read her comments you but it is sometimes necessary to retain dreams even grf>ater pride I submit this speech will see why. and ideas that others may try to take from us. As we view the flag draped coffins and to the REcORD and urge the attention of VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY KENTUCKY WINNER see the tears of young widows and fatherless my fellow colleagues: (By Joni Gail Johnson) children, we wonder, "Is it all worth it?" I 1976-77 VFW VotcE OF DEMOCRACY ScHOL One nation under God ... Indivisible. suppose we will never know what the ARSHIP PROGRAM TEXAS WINNER: JEFFREY Some of us speak these words every day response would be from a young man who has BRITTON BATES and we may begin to take them for granted. given his life for his country. But I feel sure America is the land of ooportunlty, a place I believe that one of the few nations of the that his death bed will would read, "To my where the poor .can achieve ~oals unheard of world that proclaims its loyalty to God de family I leave all my earthly possessions. To by natives of foreign lands. It has been said serves a little more time for pondering the my fellow Americans I leave the freedom that that through the years people seem to have words of its Pledge of Allegiance. It fills I have fought to preserve for you. To genera- lost the appreciation for freedom they once me with such a sense of pride and respect tions yet unconceived I leave the responsi had. but it's only natural to take for granted when I stop to think what being an Ameri bility of maintaining all that we hold so dear. something you've never been without. can really means. We are not confined by Now I leave to be with my God ..• My freedom is inborn. It's just as much a iron curtains or great walls as many of our Indivisible." part of me as my arms and my legs are. And Communist neighbors are. We still stand All of these things beautifully entwined like all systems, my body and my freedom firm on the beliefs and doctrines upon which with two hundred years of red, white and are dependent on one another. My arm can't our country was built. The concepts of free blue pride are what my America means to ooen a door that has been locked; legs can't dom brought to this land by the pilgrims me! travel down a passageway that is inacces still ring out loudly in our Constitution. sible to them-perhaps, inaccessible because Freedom of speech, press and religion, the they were born into the wrong family. It ls freedom to state publicly that we are--one WINNER IN VFW CONTEST our freedom that opens these doors and pass nation under God. ageways for us. When I think of all the natural beauty But, the reverse is also true. The attain and landscape that God reserved for the HON. CHARLES WILSON ment of freedom is not something achieved American people, I can not- help but believe OF TEXAS by a lot of thought and a little action. No, that we are special to Him. Just look around there were a lot of American men sweating from border to border and sea to sea-its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as British soldiers set ground to put an end breathtaking countryside. I am so lucky to Monday, March 14, 1977 to our little revolution, and sweat changed share a part of it. My children will be born to aching muscles and then to a lot of cold into this same wonderful land and, just as Mr. CHARLES WILSON of Texas. Mr. blood as the Greatest Army in the World I, they will be free to move about as they Speaker, although the cliche is overused, marched upon our small regiments. But we please and make for themselves the kind of the meaning should never be underval had the smell of freedom, the desire for a life that I enjoy. They will have breathing ued that the youth is the country's most change. The British were fighting because it space to reach for whatever they desire, and was Royal order. Our men were fighting for it wlll all be within their grasp, if they work valuable asset. The meaning of the their homes and for the lives of their fami for it. These things and many more come phrase was renewed and emphasized as lies. Attitude can be an important element in together under the wings of the American I read Jeffrey Britton Bates' speech on war We h3.d that on our sirle; and we won. eagle as we strive, hand in hand, to preserve "What America Means to Me." America, however, is not made of the our way of life. Jeff is a senior at West Orange High struggles of a few men of yesterday. It is the CXXIn----482-Part 6 7662 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977
2 shadow of each one of us. VVe make America. WHY GET RID OF CON EDISON? Los Angeles ------ 20.46 VVhen the President introduces a bill to give The fact is that Con Edison charges the Milwaukee ------ 17.47 jobs to the unemployed, he makes his Amer highest rates of any electric utility in Minneapolis ------ 19.88 ica. VVhen a father works into the night so 1 Nashville ------14.42 his son might have an education, he makes the civilized world -and there is no ex 26. 73 cuse for it. Newark ------America. Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford re Orlando ------ 20.69 cently battled the issues for the Presidency; Con Edison complains about the prob Philadelphia ------ 20.00 they each made America. If this speech is le::ns of supplying power to a big metro PittsburghSan Diego ______------_ 20.80 only once, I have made America. If you gave politan area like New York, but there are 22.01 your time to listen, you made America. a lot of other sprawling metropolitan San Francisco ______14. 16 America is our work It is whatever we areas in the Nation and their utilities St.St. PLouisaul __ ___ --______------______17.48 make it, and nothing more. It is a belief in serve them far better and more cheaply 20.98 ourselves, a dream of what we may become. Seattle 2 ------5.42 America is the day's work of the weakest than Con Edison. The com~arison of Con VVashington, D.c ______17.40 man. It is the largest dream of the most dar Edison's rates with those of other cities ing. VVe are important to America, because proves that the Con Edison complaint ~ Served by public power. we are America. WHY ARE CON EDISON'S COSTS SO HIGH? Our Freedom is something you can't de just does not hold water: scribe to someone who has never known it. RE5IDENTIAL ELECTRIC BILLS, MAJOR CITIES, Con Edison also claims that its power It's like describing the color of the morning FOR 500 KILOWATT HOURS OF SERVICE, is more expensive because it pays more sun to a person who has been blind since JANUARY 1, 1976 property and sales taxes than other birth. Americans are not blind to freedom: New York ______$44.09 utilities. The comparison below proves we see it every day. But like the morning Atlanta ------16.96 that even if you remove all the taxes that sun, it's a. pity we don't always notice. Baltimore ------23. 11 Con Edison claims it pays-25 percent of It isn't during my daily activities that I Boston------2~.84 each bill-it paid no Federal income tax think about America. or freedom, but some Buffalo ------17.46 times on a. quiet night--in a. warm bed Chicago------16.44 on 1975 income of $230,436,836-New that's when I begin to realize how important Cincinnati------14.23 Yorkers and Westchesterites would still this country and its laws are to me. How Cleveland ------19. 92 pay much more for their power than resi much these influence my daily life and al Dallas ------13. 41 dents of all other major cities with the low me not only to watch the activities of Denver------17. 75 taxes they pay; in other words, Con Edi others, but to take part and achieve for my Houston------16. 95 self the goals I set: The system that allows Indianapolis------13.68 son without taxes is considerably more me to make my America. ~ansa~ City, Mo ______16.54 expensive than all other companies with Long Beach, Calif______20. 44 taxes.
KEY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Comparative prices for 500 kilowatt hours of residential service, four cities, with and ABOUT CON EDISON AND WEST- without taxes• CHESTER COUNTY Blll with Percent Tax in BUlless Ut111ty /city tax tax dollars tax HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER OF NEW YORK Con Ed, New York______$36. 64 25 $9. 16 $27.48 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Boston Edison, Boston______$23. 84 17. 8 $4.24 $19.60 Baltimore G&E, Baltimore______$23. 11 12.2 $2.81 $20.30 Monday, March 14, 1977 PEPCO, D.C------$17.40 8.0 $1.39 $16.01 Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, there is no more pressing challenge facing the *Without tax, Con Edison's blll still is higher than bills with taxes in Boston ($3.64 communities of this Nation than that of higher) Baltimore ($4.37 higher) and VVashington {$10.08 higher). All ut111tles in the obtaining, and wisely using, reliable Northeast with high fuel costs and tax burdens. sources of low-cost electric power. I am proud that my own community of West The fact is that Con Edison's high rating with the financial community chester County, N.Y., faced with the costs are the result of years of bad plan which Con Edison does not. In fact West most serious power problem in the Na ning and inept management, a situation chester paid 5.1 percent on its last bond tion. the outrageous power costs of Con that has been possible only because of issue while Con Edison paid 9.12 percent solidated Edison Co. of New York, is the monopaly Con Edison has on elec in 1974. Con Edison had to have the taking the lead in developing a creative tric power sales in the New York City State bail it out in the construction of solution. I should like to commend to the and Westchester area. Break that mo Indian Point No. 3 and Astoria No. 6 attention of my colleagues the hard nopoly, bring less expensive power into because it could not raise the money it questions and solid answers that the the area and create a sound and prudent needed to finish the plants. That four people of Westchester are developing in management for power distribution and point spread can mean real savings. shaping this solution. the result has to be cheaper power and Third, as a municipal system, West It is important that Westchester resi a lot less grief all around. The experi chester will not have to pay State and dents understand that getting rid of Con ence of other cities using public power Federal taxes-it will make payments on Edison and acquiring a public power sys ranging from Los Angeles and Seattle lower local taxes. tem is not just a "pie-in-the-sky" pro to little Sherrill in northern New York Fourth, Westchester can shop for posal. Other communities across the proves this beyond a shadow of a doubt. cheap power not produced by Con Edi country have done it. We can do it and it All we have to do is to follow the very son's expensive generating system. will mean real and substantial savings. In sensible provisions of New York law and Fifth, Westchester has legal claim on fact, it may be the most important single create a municipal utility service. low cost hydroelectric power from the factor in restoring the economic health HOW CAN WESTCHESTER SAVE MONEY OPERATING Power Authority of the State of New and preserving the quality of life in the ITS OWN SYSTEM? York. One area served by PASNY pays county. There are quite a number of ways. one-eighth of what you pay for elec We have all the necessary elements First, Westchester municipal system tricity. Even if Westchester did not get within our grasp right now. We have the would not have to pay an excess of ex the cheapest hydro power from P ASNY power, the financing, the law and now pensive top level management as does of any of the cheaper P ASNY power the structure, in the resolution proposed Con Edison, a liability even the company and it will, substantial savings will re by County Legislator Ronald Tocci of has begun to recognize. sult from regionalizing power-that ts. New Rochelle. The following are the Second, Westchester has a triple-A drawing on much less expensive genera most difficult questions that have been tion from other private and public com asked about the proposal-and the an 1 It used to be just the United States. but a panies in the immediate area. swers to them All that has to be supplied recent survey of power costs in Europe and Sixth, WestchPster does not have to now is the courage and determination to Asia. has won Con Edison this new, if unen make a 13-percent return on its invest act. viable, distinction. ment; all the county needs is the money March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7663 to pay the debt service on the system it is just sitting there waiting to be tribution system and fit it out for West at the county's low rates, buy the power bought: chester's needs. It is only good business less expensive than Con Edison's, oper Power reserve margins in the Northeast, and experience proves that Westchester ate the system-more efficiently than inclu di ng New York State, as of Mar. 1, will be able to sell those bonds at far less Con Edison, make payments in lieu of 1977 than Con Edison. Why? We are a sound, taxes--only to Westchester communi (In percent) well-run, and growing entity, something ties and districts-and keep a reasonable Win- Sum- that could not be said for Con Edison. System: ter mer The only thing left is for Westchester's reserve for emergencies. New Engla nd Power Exchange_-41.8 46.2 The bottom line on the credibility of Central Hudson ______-46.3 65.8 citizens to get mad and demand that the savings through going public is the actual Con Edison ____ --- __ ------____ 81.8 35.6 resolution of Legislator Tocci be passed experience of the communities served by Long Island Lighting ______62.8 20.2 right now so that we can get to work. public power in New York State. The New York State E&G ______55.2 52.5 WHY CAN' T WE FIND THE POWER AND THEN PASS 500-kilowatt-hour bill of the average Niagara Mohawk ______l8.7 28.8 THE RESOLUTION? Orange & Rockland ______97.7 54.1 public power customer in the State is Rochester G&E ______46.9 If PASNY were being operated in the only $10.48. Con Edison's bill for the 34.7 public interest, .as it should be, and if all same quantity of power is $44.09. On top of all this, it is important to the private utilities were anxious to have WHAT HAPPENS TO LOCAL TAXES WITHOUT remember that when Westchester a big new public power entity created~ CON EDISON? creates its own utility, that does not sell cheap power, we could. But that just The answer to that is simple: Noth mean that Con Edison's gigantic gen is not the way the real world works. ing. It is perfectly normal for a public erating facilities are going to be pushed Until Westchester has a legal entity power system to make payments in lieu into the sea. Quite the contrary, those through which to pursue the power it of taxes to local communities and the generating facilities are still going to be needs, the county's municipal electric legislation proposed by County Legislator there and Con Edison or its successor is system will never get off the ground. Tocci requires that the Westchester util going to wait to sell the power it gen Look at the case of Massena, N.Y., ity system match all of Con Edison's erates; if it is Con Ed indeed, it may be which tried to get rid of its utility and property and sales taxes. so desperate to sell its power that it may acquire cheap public power as we wish to well be willing to "talk turkey" about do. Niagara Mohawk-the private up WHERE CAN WESTCHESTER COUNTY GET POWER? economies and cost reductions. If Con state utility like Con Ed-and PASNY Many legal authorities believe that Edison can get its prices back into the have kept that poor town running around Westchester can get most of the power realm of reality under the impact of in circles for more than 10 years, mostly it needs from the Power Authority of the competition from a Westchester public because the town put o1f creating the State of New York-PASNY. PASNY was power unit, there is no reason why West kind of sound legal entity that would created specifically to supply low cost chester should not buy some of its power. have enabled it to demand its rights in power to municipalities in New York, But it will be at out option, not theirs. court. Sherrill, N.Y., on the other hand, like Westchester, and now does serve 45 WHAT HAPPENS IF CON EDISON GETS MAD? which proceeded properly under the law, communities in the State, not to mention Again, the answer, is nothing. Actu as the Tocci resolution would have West the generous supply of power it makes to ally, the company is in a lot more trouble chester do, is not only running its own places outside the State like Vermont if we get mad. electric system with cheap PASNY power and the Allegheny Cooperative in Penn Con Edison is legally required to go at savings for its consumers of over 43 sylvania. If we do get PASNY power, the right on supplying us with all the power percent-it also won the right to supply effect on our rates would be nothing we need up to the point that we have power to the city's major industry, a short of "electric." firm contracts for alternative power badly needed economic shot in the arm. Plattsburgh, N.Y., which gets all of its and assume responsibility for the sup The only question is whether the people power from PASNY, pays only $5.35 for ply of power by law. Even if we create of Westchester are tired of being abused power that costs Westchesterites $44.09 a commission and make contracts for by Con Edison; whether they care enough from Con Edison. The 44 other commu power, Con Ed has to go right on provid about their community to demand that nities that get some PASNY power also ing power until we are ready to switch. the Tocci resolution be passed now, so show dramatic savings. They pay an av It is the law. Con Edison may have for that a start can be made on replacing erage of only $10.48 for the power that gotten it, but it is legally the servant of Con Edison. costs Westchester residents $44.09 and the people of Westchester and it is re the highest rate in the group is less than quired to meet our needs until we decide half the Con Edison rate. otherwise. Furtherwise, Con Edison can HOUSE RESOLUTION 287: CON BUT WHAT IF WE CAN'T GET ALL THE POWEB WE not try to punish us by raising our rates. GRESSMAN ERTEL COSPONSORS NEED FROM PAS~Y? Discriminatory rates are illegal. ETHICS REFORM PROPOSAL We do not need to get any power at What it all boils down to is this. There all from PASNY. Federal Power Com is absolutely no reason to go on enduring mission studies show that, within eco Con Edison's appalling rates. There is a HON. DAVID R. OBEY nomic transmission distance of West realistic alternative and we should pur OF WISCONSIN chester, there is more than eight times sue it as quickly, vigorously and responsi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES me power the county would have needed It bly as possible. is vital to our future. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 this past winter and more than five times HOW DO WE GO ABOUT BECOMING A MUNICIPAL the county's summer needs-and that ELECTRIC UTILITY? Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, on February power is far in excess of any reserve Article 14A of the New York State 16, 1977, Congressman HAMILTON intro needs and is available right now. municipal law spells out the clear and duced House Resolution 287, the finan The FederRl Power Commission says legal steps for ousting a private utility cial ethics legislation recommended by that each utility needs a power reserve like Con Edison and setting up a munici the House Commission on Administra of 18 percent. That is, each company pal system. tive Review. Mr. HAMILTON was joined by must have the capability of generating Legislator Tocci has introduced a thor 18 cosponsors on that resolution. Be about 18 percent more power than it oughly researched resolution to set up the tween the time that House Resolution needs to serve its customers during times Westchester municipal electric system ih 287 was introduced and March 2, 1977, of peak demand. Based on decades of ex accordance with the State law. There is when it was considered on the floor, a perience the FPC says that this is ade not anything questionable about this; it number of other Members sought to co quate to meet unexpected emergencies has been done before and other com sponsor the financial ethics legislation. such as the failure of a generating plant. munities have reaped great benefits. Therefore identical legislation to House The following survey from FPC statis Financial houses like Lazard Freres Resolution 287 was introduced as House tics shows that utilities within New York are more than willing to undertake the Resolution 331, House Resolution 332, and nearby New England have many task of selling the bonds that will be House Resolution 341, and House Reso times the amount of reserve necessary; necessary to acquire the Con Edison dis- lution 351, bringing the total of cospon- 7664 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 sors for the financial ethics package to single and simple desire for Hungary chairman of the Manufactured Housing '19. Unfortunately, the name of Con must remain "independence, self-govern Institute, serving his colleagues as chief gressman ERTEL was inadvertently left ment, and Hungarian control uf Hun spokesman for the manufactured hous off the cusponsorship list, even though he garian destinies." ing industry-an industry which today had requested the Commission on Ad produces 20 percent of all single family ministrative Review to include him as a dwelling units in the United States. cosponsor. Mr. Speaker, I wish to make Mr. Speaker, Bud Merta believed in the it part of the public record that the fact BUD MERTA: LEADER IN THE MAN American dream, and it did not let him that Mr. ERTEL was not officially listed UFACTURED HOUSING INDUSTRY down. As he presides over the annual as a cosponsor of this legislation was the membership meeting of the Manufac fault of a clerical error by the Commis tured Housing Institute here in Wash sion. HON. DON BONKER ington next week, I believe it is appropri OF WASHINGTON ate that his personal achievements be brought to the attention of my colleagues HUNGARIAN UPRISING IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the House of Representatives as be Tuesday, March 15, 1977 ing a pointed example of the value of Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, far too ideals to which we all aspire. HON. JAMES J. DELANEY often we, as Members of the House of OF NEW YORK Representatives, fail to look beyond the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many pressing matters before us to see ELECTRIC UTILITY PLANNING Tuesday, March 15, 1977 just how the actions of the Congress and the ideals we uphold affect and are FRUSTRATING TASK Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, we com shared by our citizens. It is not rare that memorate today the 129th anniversary achievements and services of our fel of the Kossuth Hungarian Revolution of low Americans escape our attention. I am HON. BILL ARCHER 1848 and are again reminded of the tragic determined that this shall not be the OF TEXAS events of 1956. case with Mr. Leonard C. or structure The offshore petroleum industry and an In 1974 some 12,600 full-time New England expanded domestic fishing fleet could require fishermen landed 522 milllon lbs. of fish and is clearly oil-related. A fund to compencate fishermen for unattrlbutable, oil-related vessel services equivalent to about seven shellfish worth $122 million. This was only moderate-sized boat yards. In addition, up to 30 percent by weight of the total harvest in damages is a possibility. Indeed such a fund, albeit with a woefully small kittv. J-las al 700 acres of land could be needed for petro international waters off New England's coast. leum development. However, considerable ex About 27 percent of the New England catch ready been set up by a group of oil com was taken within the potential oil and gas panies. Steps could be taken to facilitate the cess capacity exists in ports in the region. lease area in the vicinity of Georges Bank. processing of chims for damages. to edu Individual ports may face management deci All nations in 1974 harvested 1070 million cate oilmen working offshore to the conse sions in the use of their land, and may need lbs. in the Georges Bank area. quences to fishermen of dumning, and to con to assess the economic returns on investment New England lanrling" have declined dras tinually inform fishermen of the locations in additional berthing facilities and dredging. Volume 1 of the study, Fishing and Petro tically since the late 1950s. The Industry 1s of all potentially dangerous bottom obstruc fragmented, poorly organized, and the char· tions. leum Interactions on Georges Bank, is an acter and success of Individual fleets vary It is also possible that offshore structures atlas of areas of interest to fisheries and pe widely from port to port. The price per pound will preempt areas of bottom that are V"l.lua troleum industries, and is available !rom the of fic;h, however, has ric:en rapidly, and de ble fishing grounds. If platforms were closely New England Regional Commission in Bos spite the industry's chronic problems, many grouped so that fishing vesselc; could not ton. Volume 2 which analyzes the interac fishermen bring home h!gh annual earnings. safely operate within the cluster. 50 plat tion and the two industries will be avail!lble The 200-mile fishing limit could bring re· forms could conceivably close off 125 square soon. 7666 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 MAINE AND THE INDIAN CLAIM our Federal tax money is being used against After an intense struggle, the Kossuth our best common interests. Revolution was brutally crushed and Still, while all of this is serious b u siness, the valiant Hungarians forced to ca the degree to which we are in harm's way is HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN hardly what it ap?ears. That is, u nless this pitulate. Americans reacteci immedlately and OF MAINE country is pre!>ared to destroy itself in the name of justice. It is m a dness t o foresee bitterly to this intervention by the Rus IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1500 or so Maine citizens. of any color , cr eed sian Bear. Just shortly before the inva Tuesday, March 15, 1977 or ancestral origin. gPtting l 0 or 12 million sion in Jtrr'e 1~41}. Prec::ident Zs:tchary acres of land aYld billions of dollars. Taylor had issued special instructions to Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, in the past The U.S. Constitution. as Justice Goldberg few weeks, many of my colleagues and A. Dudley Mann, an American diplo sai.rt, is not a suicide pact. mat then in Europe, ordering him pro their constituents have learned for the If Maine's Indian case h as merit , then to first time about the suit filed against the under some pretext or a n other, no land il"l ceed to Hungary and give assistance of State of Maine by the Per.obscot and any state in the country is sa!P.. I! t h is peril American recognition to the Kossuth Passamaquoddy Indian Tribes. At pres is, iYldeed. as real as all of the posturing government. However, the revolution was ent, the tribes are seeking return of mil would have us think, t hen the Feder al Gov cruc::hed before Mann reached Hungary. lions of acres of land in Maine, claiming ernment mllst correct this wrong. Hungarian historv. music, dance, and Token gestures s uch as reducin~ the that treaties relinquishing the land to 0 wine became popular throusmout the amount of acreage sought are of little Valtle. United States and many parades and ral white settlers after 1790 were in viola The princi!>le is still the same. Nor does t he tion of the law. Indians' offer to steer clear of t he "small lies were staged. Those who are not from Maine have landowner" haue any true comfort or re I join with our fellow Americans of taken differing views of the validity of deeming value. If you can take land or trib Hungarian descent in celebrating today the claim. But those of us who are from ute from the large landowners, it is only a that brief period of Kossuth independ matter ot time before you can take it m uch ence. Let us all take heed of the sobering Maine are well aware of the effects the easier in fact, from the small landowners claim on the people of our State. The exam~le of Russian imperiaJi1=;m which who won't have the means to defend them sought to destroy these noble aspira Maine reaction to recent developments selves except in numbers and force. in the case is well represented in a recent Yet we mustn't panic. It is too soon to tions. And, as Secretary of State Daniel editorial from the Bangor Daily News. talk secession and t oo soon even to march Webster expressed so well in 1851, let us I urge my colleagues to take the time to on the seat of legal 1t1nacy, the nation's make our aspirations for Hungary, for read this editorial as they study the capital from whence tax-sup!>orted lawyers the present. Maine case. seem to delight in plotting wa ys t o add t o That single and simple point--Hungar The editorial follows: our dally b1.1 rdens and civic an1eieties. ian self-!!overnm<>nt. . Hungarian control Maine must stay alert aYld even-t empered of Hungarian destinies. [From the Bangor Dally News, Mar. 2, 19771 throughout. If we m u st loin t h e drama and MAINE MUST COOL IT posture, we could all do worse than take our The Indian land claim suit against the behavioral cues from Messrs. Brennan and state of Maine has just begun to heat up. It Longley. SUPPORT FOR THE LIBRARY SERV has gotten a considerable head of steam from the recent announcement from the U.S. De ICES AND CONSTRUCTION ACT partment of Justice that, unless there is a HUNGARIAN INDEPENDENCE "negotiated settlement" within the next 90 HON. STANLEY LUNDINE days, Justice will help Maine's Penobscot and Passamaquoddy Tribes sue Maine for land HON. JOH G. FARY OF NEW YORK and money. OF I LLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In real terms, the so-called "reduction" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, March 15, 1977 in the amount of acreage in Maine to be sought in court by t h e federal government is Tuesday, Mar ch 15, 1977 Mr. LUNDINE. Mr. Speaker, I welcome practically negligible. Added up, the " reduc Mr. FARY. Mr. Speaker. today marks this opportunity to ex'"'re<5s my support of tion" amounts to 10 million instead of the H.R. 3712 which would extend the Li original 12.5 million acres of Maine terrain. the commemoration of the Kossuth Hun garian Revolution of 1848 and recalls for brar y eervices and Construction Act In other words, our Just ice Department is us once again the uprising and t ragic until 1981. Title. I of this act would pro hinting that it wants to be reasonable, but mote broader library services and out not so reasonable that it will in any way massacre of 19~6. les.5en or hinder the extortive economic lev The year 1848 was a decisive one for reach programs for the handicapped, as er age now enjoyed by the Indians and their Hungary. Revolution had erupted in well as for institutionalized, disadvan legal representatives. Paris in February and when the news taged, and bilingual individuals. Title II The posturing has clearly begun. It is the reached Vienna, Pozony. and Budapest would reinstitute funding for construc necessary charade. the game o! politics and a series of ev~nts u?"lfold~d that carried tion and renovation of librarv buildings. big league litigation. Hungary rapidly down the road to inde The Subcommittee on Select Educa Both sides, like behemoths armed with pe:P.dence. tion of the House Education and Labor brief cases and law degrees, are crou ched, Upon hearing the news from Paris Committee held hearings on this bill last circling one another, sizing up the opposi month and at that time. I stressed the tion. Gov. James Longley and Maine At Louis Kossuth assumed leadership of th~ opposition forces in Parliament and pro significant benefits that this act can pro ~rney General Joseph Brennan are playing vide if extended. Mv statement follows: 1t just right: cool, willing to listen, but firm. ceeded to push through a program of re form. Counterrevolutionary forces in I am pleased to have t h is oooortunit y to We should not have expected much from submit my statement to the Education and Justice. Its veering away !rom an earlier Austria incited Croatian armies under Labor Committee in support of extension of position of pushing for a congressional reso Gen. Josef Jell st Library to initiatE" a Bookmobile have noted. Maine people. whose land and Josef appealed to Czar Nicholas I for which travels thrott"'hout a two-~ountv -wi.de economy remain threatened, are blameless. Ru<;sian a<;sistance. In an ominous prel area, education fi 1m- services, and book mail We are stuck with being pawns in a legal ude to the events of the following cen service to those persons who are home bound chess game. The maddening aspect 1s that tury, the Russians invaded Hungary. and unable to come to the library. A building March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7667 addition was possible a few years ago due what to believe because all that hot air has smaller companies a chance at leases. en to Title II funding. created a credibility gap. courage competitiotl, and might have the This is just one example of the effects of Some people are saying the major oil and effect of ultimately lowering the cost of gas the LSCA on one rural community. But I be gas companies are in cahoots with the utility to all consumers. lieve that this is typical of the results that companies; some believe the OPEC nations the LSCA can help accomp:ish. We need to are wildly flexing their muscles. And any NATURAL ENERGY IV allocate more monies to sma,ler, rural com replies to these fears fall right into the (By Shellie Burns Karabell, Editorial munities to insure that their libraries remain credibility gap. Director) operating. There is no ready answer, and the reason I strongly urge that funding be authorized is that nearly all the information the pub Do we really need to drill off-shore New for the LSCA for the fiscal year 1978. Addi lic gets about this country's energy status Jersey to meet our energy needs? Or are the tionally, I wou.d urge that monies be allo comes from the oil and gas companies . . . four existing natural gas wells in the Gulf cated to Title II of the Act. for public li and only from the oil and gas companies. of Mexico enough? brary construction projects. In a recent And did you know that, under present law, This question, a crucial Delaware Valley American Library Association survey, it was the companies owning the leases to natural issue during this winter's energy crisis, found that 772 library construction projects oil and gas wells are not required to pub prompted Interior Secretary Cecil Andrus to in 42 states could be started in 1977 and licly report on what they're doing-or not order a preliminary investigation of those 1978 if Title II appropriations we-e available. doing-with the energy in those reserves? four wells before committing to further off In Elmira, another major community in There's a bill currently under considera shore drilling. That preliminary investiga my District in New York, local legis:ators are tion by the U.S. Congress which, if passed tion led Secretary Andrus to call for a com now trying to find ways to replace the exist this spring, will shed light on these murky prehensive review of the Gulf of Mexico ing library which has become ina'dequate to energy areas, and cool off some of the hot wells because, among other things, he found serve the growing needs of that community. air. We'll be telling rou more about that blll the production of natural gas from those The new library, part of an exciting recon in editorials over the next few days, because wells was far below the established maxi struction program entitled the "New Elmira you need facts and answers. Without them, mum efficiency rate. Why? And why did it Plan," begun after the devastating floods of not only will your faith in our institutions take an energy crisis to bring this fact out Tropical Storm Agnes in 1972, would seem continue to be undermined, we still won't into the open? ideally suited for funding under the pro be any closer to maximizing our energy re One good reason is that natural gas pro grams provided by Title II. serves. ducers, under curent law, aren't required to Thank you for this opportunity to submit obtain maximum energy output from the my statement. I hope that this Committee NATURAL ENERGY II wells they lease from the federal government. wUl act favorably on this request. They're not even required to make periodic (By Robert B. Sherman) public reports on what they're doing-or This bill has gained the unanimous, bi There's a bill under consideration right NOT doing-with those energy wells. This is partisan support of tile entire House Ed now by the U.S. Congress which would help the sort of thing that keeps our energy plan ucation and Labor Committee. I hope answer questions about the energy shortage. ning on a crisis basis. Without periodic that my colleagues will express their sup The bill would change the country's energy review and the legal requirement to meet laws so that the public and the government maximum efficiency production, we'll never port of this important legislation when would know whether or not we, as a nation, have a coherent energy policy, and we'll the measure comes up for a vote. are really running out of gas. never really know when and if to look for The bill, referred to as the Outer Conti additional energy wells along the New Jersey nental Shelf bill, would, among other things, shore. require oil and gas companies to meet maxi Interior Secretary Andrus has taken the REFORM NEEDED FOR OUTER CON mum efficiency requirements. This means first vital step towards establishing a viable TINENTAL SHELF LANDS ACT that oil and gas companies leasing energy energy policy. We'll have more to say about wells on federal land would have to periodi future steps this week. In the meantime we'd cally report on the energy production com like to hear what you think. Write to WCAU HON. JOHN M. MURPHY ing out of those wells. Under current law oil Radio, Philadelphia 19131. OF NEW YORK and gas companies leasing energy wells from the government need not report production IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES results at all after the first 5 years of the Tuesday, March 15, 1977 lease. Also under the present law leases for natural oil or gas wells are renewed indefi EMPLOY THE OLDER WORKER Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Speak nitely and without review. WEEK er, I include in the RECORD today four This doesn't make sense to us. We think editorials broadcast by WCAU CBS Ra periodic review of energy sources are vital if dio, Philadelphia. These editorials ex this country is to avoid energy crises and HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN plain several of the reasons why it is im maximize its energy sources. OF CALIFORNIA portant that we amend the Outer Con That's only one of the reasons we'd like to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES see this new bill passed. We'll have more to tinental Shelf Lands Act of 1953. say in future editorials; in the meantime, Tuesday, March 15, 1977 For instance, as the editorials high we'd like to hear your opinion. Write to Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, this week light, there is increased need for public WCAU Radio, Philadelphia 19131. information, especially concerning re has been designated as "Employ the Older Worker Week," and thus is an ap source availability; there is a need to NATURAL ENERGY ill propriate time for me to reintroduce my insure that oil and gas companies meet (By Robert B. Sherman) bill to amend the National Labor Rela maximum efficient rate requirements; Under present federal law a company buy and there is a need to modernize leasing ing a land lease from the government, to tions Act to provide that the duty to arrangements because lump-sum-pay explore and develop potential energy wells, bargain collectively includes bargaining ment methods tend to preclude smaller has to pay all of the money for that lease up with respect to retirement benefits for companies from participating. front. retired employees. Leases are expensive ... they cost several Eighteen of my colleagues are joining The problems expressed in the follow million dollars. Small companies don't have me in support of this effort to provide ing WCAU editorials are all satisfied by that much money to spend in one lump sum retired workers with some assurance that provisions of H.R. 1614 and that station's so who tends to get the lease on energy. You their pensions will be renegotiated tore editorial support will insure prompt pas guessed it: the big oil and gas companies. flect living costs more realistically. I be sage of these reforms. So the energy regulations, as they exist today, create an energy monopoly. lieve that only by making retirees' bene The editorials follow: fits a subject for mandatory bargaining NATURAL ENERGY I This whole issue gets very close to home when you consider the amount of serious will this reconsideration take place. (By Robert B. Sherman, Vice President and A 1973 study by the Department of General Manager) talk of off-shore drilling in New Jersey. We in the Delaware Valley are in the eye of the Labor indicates that of 78 pension plans, We're told there's a shortage of natural energy dilemma. That's why we, as a region, each covering over 5,000 workers, under gas, but there's no dearth of hot air when must show our support for a bill currently it comes t{) laying the blame for the short collective bargaining, 54 had increased under consideration by the U.S. Congress. the benefits of retired workers on at least age, or crying for off-shore drilling in New It's called the Outer-Continental Shelf-or Jersey. OCS-bill, and one of its provisions would one occasion between 1955 and 1970. Well, there really may be a. natural gas allow companies to pay off the purchase cost Twenty-eight plans had not had any ad shortage, and there really may be a need of their federal energy leases in annual in justment in benefit levels. Surely when for off-shore drilling in Jersey, but right now crements, much the same way you pay off we are asked to be mindful of the needs we just don't know. In fact, we don't know your home heating bills. This would give of the older worker these facts testify to 7668 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 the need to mandate pension benefits as we will have a reasonable expectation percentage of really disabled persons ac subjects for collective bargaining, and that expenditures for new allowances tually remained the same from 1970 to not leave them as subjects for voluntary alone will be reduced by about 25 percent 1975. This is not an unreasonable as or permissive action. at the end of the average termination sumption-indeed, the number of dis date for most disabilities. Projecting a 2- abled persons per 1,000 insured workers year period as the average term, this went down from 1967 to 1970-from 19.7 means that expenditures in 1979 would to 19.3. Thereafter. under sample review, REFORM OF SOCIAL SECURITY be about 20 to 25 percent less-making it rose to 27.3 in 1975. If it had remained DISABILITY INSURANCE allowance for initial findings of "hard at the 19.3 figure in 1975, the actual ex core" disabilities. If such a law had been penditures in 1975 would have been pro HON. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS enacted in 1975, 1977 expenditures would portionately less, $5 .9 billion instead of OF GEORGIA be reduced by $2 to $2.5 billion. $8.4 billion-a saving of $2.5 billion for that year alone. These losses continue IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Additional billions can be saved im mediately by review of prior allowances, and mount in value each year. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 in cases where the beneficiary is actually These considerations show that the Mr. LEVITAS. Mr. Speaker, today I capable of working. Under the Federal imminent bankruptcy is the result of am introducing a bill designed to greatly State arrangement in the existing stat poor law and agency mismanagement. improve the social security disability in ute, 95 percent of these allowances are When we add possible savings in new al surance program by making the disabil made by State agencies. Until about 1971, lowances to savings anticipated from ity determination process more equita 100 percent of all cases were reviewed by termination of prior allowances, we are ble, giving better representation to both HEW, and 40 percent of all allowances in the neighborhood of $3 to $5 billion sides, reducing the number of nonen returned by HEW to the State agencies per annum. titled individuals who are receiving dis were changed to denials. Beginning in In addition to a change in definition, ability compensation, and eliminating about 1971, HEW changed from full re the bill I am introducing today also various work disincentives. This legisla view to sample review, a 5-percent sam changes the evidentiary requirements tion also provides for liberalizing the ple in initial determinations, and a 10- necessary to prove disability. Since earnings amount which would terminate percent sample in reconsideration deter hearsay is admissible in the form of disability payments, eliminating the sec minations. Expenditures thereafter medical reports, some claimants with ond waiting period for medicare eligibil mounted astronomically, from $3.8 bil astute counsel have learned how to ity, and extending trial work periods. lion in 1970 to $9.5 billion in 1976, with create a record when the claimant is not Among the bill's principal features is commensurate increases in the percent really disabled. This happens at the a new definition of disability to replace age of beneficiaries compared to insured hearing stage, and the administrative the current two-tier categorization under workers. law judge is powerless to prevent it, since which disabilities are either "permanent" The Ways and Means staff has said the proceeding is allegedly "nonadver or "nonpermanent but expected to last that there is little question but that per sary", and the ALJ is required to "fully for at least 12 months." In actuality, sons who are not really disabled are com develop" the case; that is, help the most disabilities today are resolved by ing onto the rolls as a result of the claimant. Most medical evidence in dis medical improvement or by the acquisi change to sample review, a change by ability cases is hearsay, of necessity. tion of new vocational skills, and the ap HEW which the staff characterized as However, this bill distinguishes those cir proximate termination dates can be "tantamount to amendment of the stat cumstances in which such hearsay has predicted with great reliability. Under utory scheme.'' The new bill requires the more or less probative weight. It clarifies the current statute, however, no ter Secretary to reinstate his prior practice the weight to be given to psychiatric re of full review, but only as to allowances. ports, requiring a distinction between mination date is specified when a period Erroneous denials in the State agencies of disability is granted. Therefore, most objective evidence of mental status, and can be corrected during the appeals any crediting by the doctor of the truth benef..ciaries tend to believe that they process. have been sentenced to a lifetime of use of the patient's assertions. If there is The Ways and Means staff has also only minimal clinical evidence of a med lessness. Under my proposed amend said that about 200 examiners in ments, an ending date as well as a begin ical impairment, a determination that BDI have become extinct as a result of disability exists must state the reasons ning date is specified for all disabilities the shift to sample review. It would except for the "hard core" disabled. In therefore appear that BDI already has explicitly. stead of a lifetime sentence to depend more than enough trained personnel to Since the agency will not reform itself, ency, most beneficiaries will be told that reassume full review of allowances only. my proposal mandates changes in pro their disabilities are expected to ter The persons who have been put on the cedures. The reason for many appeals is minate at the end of a specific period. rolls erroneously after the abandonment that the agency refuses to tell a claim This will encourage many persons with of full review continue to drain billions ant the reason that his claim has been marginal impairments to return to work. of dollars from the trust fund. The Sec denied. HEW experimented with face In addition to its humanitarian as retary has always had the authority, un to-face conferences with the claimant at pect, this bill promotes fiscal conser der section 225 of the act, to terminate the reconsideration level, and the result vatism. The disability insurance trust benefits where disability has ceased. The was a 25-percent reduction in appeals. fund faces imminent bankruptcy, with trouble is that this section has been en However, the agency refused to imple total depletion of funds anticipated by forced in a desultory manner. Further, ment this procedure. This bill requires mid-1979. Disability expenditures for under the State-agency agreements, the changes in the Federal-State contract 1977 will exceed $10 billion. Secretary has authority to change State whereby the State agency must give The amount of trust fund savings agency procedure by regulation. My bill such conferences to claimants, and, which may reasonably be anticipated by requires that the Secretary change these where the claim is again denied, a state the new definition is indicated by a study agreements in such manner that the ment of the case as to the reasons. of the private insurance industry con State agencies annually review at least Also, this measure requires the pres ducted by the Society of Actuaries. That 10 percent of all cases on the. rolls prior ence of a rehabilitation counselor at the study comoares two groups of loss-of to enactment of this bill, selecting for interview, in order to provide the neces time policies, the first group consisting such review cases where cessation has sary evidentiary basis for a finding that primarily of 2-year policies, and the sec been most likely. The Secretary is fur some disabilities will end by vocational ond group with indefinite termination ther required to review individually all rehabilitation. If the claimant files ex dates. The results show that about 25 such cases where the State agency finds ception to such finding in a request for percent of individuals with 2-year that disability is continuing. hearing, he is then given a full evalua policies tend to retum to work in the sec How much can we expect to have by tion at a rehabilitation facility, which ond year who, if insured under an in~ terminating benefits of individuals who evaluation is reduced to ·writing and be definite policy, would continue to claim are not really disabled? Although this comes part of the record in the case. disability benefits. again is speculative, the figures must be One would think that the agency, hav If this bill is enacted into law in 1977, f~normous. Assume, for example, that the ing twice decided that an individual is March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7669 not disabled, would oppose his further cisions reached by administrative law I believe that most of the beneficiaries attempts to prove his case at a hearing. judges. of th:s proposal will be well qualified to The actuarial value of one allowance, Mr. Speaker, I submit that the alter meet the course of studies demanded by with dependent's rights was $56,000 in native to enactment of this bill is noth our own medical schools. Under this leg 1972, and is undoubtedly far more today. ing less than continued bureaucratic islation, a student must have completed However, the agency refuses to defend dictatorship, often in a capricious man 2 years of study in a school of medicine the trust fund at these hearings. Instead ner, over the lives of thousands of dis· and have passed the first part of the of limiting his efforts to adjudicating abled Americans and their dependents. National Board of Medical Examiners' disputed facts, the ALJ is required to examination in order to transfer into a conduct further investigation and "fully U.S. school. I believe that these foreign develop" the case. It is not until the case educated medical students should have a reaches a Federal court that the Social AN OPPORTUNITY FOR U.S. CITI full opportunity to exhibit their academic Security Administration will oppose the ZENS IN FOREIGN MEDICAL excellence as well as the necessary claimant's case. By that time, however, SCHOOLS strength of character and commitment a distorted record has already been required to be a good doctor. created in many instances. Mr. Speaker, I am looking forward to HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN the speedy implementation of this pro This bill, therefore, requires the Secre OF FLORIDA tary to appear at a hearing before an vision of the Health Professions Educa ALJ, by counsel or otherwise, and de IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional Assistance Act. We cannot allow fend the trust fund. Just one successful Tuesday, March 15, 1977 this ray of hope to disappear for so many deserving American men and women who defense will save the taxpayers more Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to than $56,000. draw the attention of my colleagues to have already demonstrated such unusual However, two-thirds of the claimants the plight of thousands of American courage and perseverance. are still unrepresented, and many are il citizens who are studying medicine literate. This has been the basis of one abroad. of the persistent criticisms of any re There is tremendous competition for THE AMERICAN CULINARY INSTI quirement that the claimant must file the limited number of places in our specific exceptions to the statement of TUTE HONORS RECORD-SE'ITING American medical schools. As a result, U.S. CULINARY TEAM the case. This criticism would be even aspiring doctors are forced to travel to more cogent, of course, if the trust fund distant cities such as Bologna, Heidel were defended by Government counsel berg, and Guadalajara to study medicine. HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. before an ALJ. On the other hand, an They endure severe language and cul OF NEW YORK unrepresented trust fund is at the mercy tural handicaps in order to realize their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of those claimants who do have goal of becoming doctors. Their families Tuesday, March 15, 1977 attorneys. often have to make great sacrifices to A way out of this impasse is the for help them. The irony of this situation Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I am honored mation of a group of lawyers in HEW to lies in the fact that the United States to announce that on Saturday, March 19, defend the claimant and the trust fund needs more doctors. We have been forced 1977, the Culinary Institute of America, at hearings, and my bill contains such to take in large numbers of foreign doc located in my congressional district at provisions. In order to assure the fair tors to care for the health of our popula Hyde Park, N.Y., will be honoring the defense of both claimants and the trust tion. American culinary team for their un fund, these attorneys will be hired by the Last year, Congress, realizing the precedented achievements at the Inter Secretary from a register maintained by absurdity of this situation, made an national Culinary Olympics held in Octo the Civil Service Commission. The Sec effort to solve this problem. The passage ber 1976 in Frankfurt, Germany. retary will be required to rotate the of the Health Professions Education An 11-chef American team, competing duties of the attorneys so that they de Assistance Act of 1976 gave much hope against professional master chefs from fend the trust fund and claimants an to these dedicated men and women who 20 other nations, garnered a final tally equal amount of time. In addition, the have been forced to leave their native of 28 gold medals, 2 silver medals, 20 bill prohibits any discipline or reward of country in their pursuit of medical perfect scores, and the prize for the best such an attorney based on his ratio of degrees. This legislation, Public Law food platter of the show. cases won for the trust fund, or for 94-484, contained a provision which will The 20 nations competing in the com claimants; if the attorneys could get allow foreign medical school students, petition were Austria, Canada, Czecho promotions by winning trust fund cases who are U.S. citizens, to transfer into slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, and losing claimant cases, it is clear that U.S. schools. West Germany, Great Britain, Holland, the claimant would not have adequate Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxem representation by counsel. In recent months, many of the per sons who would benefit from this kind of bourg, Norway, Poland, Romania, Swit The cost of such a corps would be program have voiced a concern that the zerland, the United States, and Yugo more than offset by the inevitable sav regulations now being devised by the De slavia. ings. The actuarial value of just one dis partment of Health, Education, and Wel In the direct team competition, the ability allowance was $56,000 in 1972, is fare will somehow subvert the purposes of four-chef U.S. team tied for third place more now, and continues to increase. A this legislation. From past experience, with France, while first place went to Government attomey successfully de we in Congress know that such fears are Switzerland, and second to the Cana fending the trust fund against just one ofte:1 not without grounds. dians. unjustified claim would save at least Some medical schools in the United The four-chef U.S. team consisted of: $60,000 or more. This would be approxi States have protested that this legisla Ferdinand E. Metz, team captain, Pitts mately enough to pay his salary-and tion is unacceptable interference in the burgh, Pa.; Bruno H. Ellmer, Hyde Park, that of the claimant's Government administration of academic institutions, N.Y.; Gerhard Grimeissen, Sacramento, lawyer on the same case-for an entire and that they are not ready to accommo Calif.; and Gerhard Schmidt, Worcester, year. date these transfer students. HEW is still Mass. Finally, the legislation I am sponsor trying to work out many points of con These culinary masters prepared four ing also requires that these claimant troversy, including the question of when menus reflecting the best of American hearings be conducted before adminis this pla11 will go into operation. The regu cuisine, and judging was based· on orga trative law judges appointed under the lations are expected to be published fair nization, composition, preparation, taste, Administrative Procedures Act, and it ly soon, and it is my sincere hope that presentation, and novelty. prohibits any combination of investiga- they will truly reflect the intent of Con- The seven remaining chefs competed tion and adjudication by an ALJ. In lieu ' gress in providing this opportunity for on an individual basis in the cold food thereof, he or she has the authority to our future doctors beginning in fiscal display category. This area of competi remand a case for additional investiga year 1978. I have made my views known tion included tallow, chocolate and tion. Further, it standardizes the Social to Secretary Califano and I trust they marzipan sculpture, pastillage, sugar Security Administration's review of de- will be taken into account. work, and other totally edible art forms. 7670 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS .l1t,farch 15, 1977 These chefs were: Franz Eichenauer, near their places of employment--jobs on the role and function of the U.S. Con Atlanta, Ga., Fritz Sonnenschmidt, Hyde may change and families may be unable gress. The students will also spend a Park, N.Y.; Helmut Loibl, St. Louis, Mo.; to relocate; suitable housing may not be morning at the White House. A fellow Richard Blaisdall, New York, N.Y.; Sture available in the working area-there are Cincinnatian, Justice Potter Stewart, Olof Anderson, Pinehurst, N.C.; Rene hundreds of other reasons why people will re:fiect on the crucial function of the Schiegg, Memphis, Tenn.; and Klaus commute long distances to work. judiciary in our democracy. In addition, Loos, San Francisco, Calif. I am aware that there is a standing these young people will examine the This culinary competition is held every reluctance among those who write and process by which private interests are 4 years-traditionally in Frankfurt, administer our Nation's tax laws to allow represented in the legislative process and Germany, and this is the first time that a deduction of this type. I regard this will have the opportunity of hearing the U.S. team has placed this high in attitude as unfair and unrealistic. Busi members of the Washington press. the competition. nessmen deduct the expenses of their It is my strong hope that this expe Mr. Speaker, I am sure my fellow col automobiles and travel or have company rience will not only spur a few of these leagues join me in expressing pride in cars; high-level government bureaucrats young people to someday serve in our the fact that American chefs have ride to and from their offices in chauf Government, but also will give tl!em all shown the world that while American fered limousines; even Congressmen are a real understanding and appreciation cuisine is a combination of foods from allowed a deduction for the costs of living of its role in our society. I am pleased at various cultures brought to this country in Washington. Surely we can no longer this time to recognize those who were by immigrants from all over the world, say the rule applies to some but not to all. chosen to participate in the congres it stands alone as unique and a true Every working American should be able sional scholarship program and the delight to any gourmet. to deduct the costs of maintaining his schools they represent. They are as fol employment. lows: Finally, I have proposed a tax credit of STUDENTS $100 per year to assist families with the Susan Mason, Northwest Senior. INTRODUCING FOUR MEASURES DE cost of providing a college education for Jimmy Rechel, Aiken. SIGNED TO LIGHTEN INCOME TAX their children. Costs of higher education Floyd Jones, Aiken. BURDEN FOR MIDDLE INCOME have also climbed dramatically in recent John Ofi'enberger, Anderson. Jeff Quyle, Anderson. AMERICANS years and family incomes have not kept Scott L. Ka!ker, Cincinnati Country Day. pace. Ours has always been a nation Steve Davis, Colerain. which prided itself on its educational Jim Matthews, Colerain. HON. JOSEPH M. McDADE system and its investment in the future Kim Wiggeringloh, Deer Park. OF PENNSYLVANIA of its young people. We can materially Tom Lawyer, Diamond Oaks. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aid many American families toward this Ric Mieren!eld, Elder. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 goal by early adoption of a tax credit for Larry Neumeister,.Elder. higher education. Michael Malone, Forest Park. Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, I am intro Christopher Whitaker, Forest Park. ducing today a series of four measures Mr. Speaker, these measures are not Melca Brown, Hughes. designed to lighten the burden of Federal offered as an alternative to meaningful Allan Burke, Hughes. income taxation for middle-income tax reform, but as means which we can Beth Hellman, Indian Hlll. Americans. Last week, this body gave its exercise now to relieve the unequal bur Steven R . Neiheisel, La Salle. assent to a rebate plan that does little to den of Federal taxes on our middle-in Beverly Mason, Lockland. come families. I urge the House to act Eric Dauber, Loveland. ease the impact of today's heavy taxes on Donald Hunter, Jr., Madeira. the average middle-income family. expeditiously on my proposals. Mary Ann Zerhusen, Marian. The bills I am introducing today are Sue Erwin, Mariemont. designed to aid these families where they Mark Schlueter, Moeller. need it most by reducing the tax they Melissa Mangold, Mother of Mercy. must pay. CINCINNATI HIGH SCHOOL Barb Pies, McAuley.. First, an increase in the personal ex SENIORS PARTICIPATING IN John Miller, McNicholas. emption from $750 to $1,000. This bill will CONGRESSIONAL SCHOLARSHIP Diane Doran, Mt Healthy. PROGRAM Timothy O'Donovan, Mt. Healthy. allow the taxpayer to retain more of his Shelley Buck, Mt. Notre Dame. hard-earned income for himself and his Cynthia Lamb, Northwest Senior. family. This simple .step can do more to Michael Tucker, North College Hill. permanently increase the disposable HON. WILLIS D. GRADISON, JR. Gerald Gabbard, Norwood. take-home income of middle-class Amer OF OHIO Marianne Flaners, Oak Hills. icans than any one-shot rebate. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thomas Hammoor, Oak H1lls. Second, I am proposing a complete Lisa Pennekamp, Our Lady o! Angels. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 Robert C. Taylor, Princeton. Federal tax deduction for all uninsured Cheri Lynn Sowell, Princeton. medical and dental expenses. While Mr. GRADISON. Mr. Speaker, I would Steve Gottlieb, Purcell. health care costs have skyrocketed and like to extend formal recognition to a Richard Eddelman, Reading. Congress has debated national health group of high school seniors participat Barbara O'Brien, Regina. insurance, the average family which is ing in the Greater Cincinnati Chamber William Boyd, Jr., Roger Bacon. striC'ken with large-scale medical and of Commerce congressional scholarship Kathy Frayne, St. Bernard. dental bills is left with nowhere to turn. program, now in its sixth consecutive Lisa Feck, St. Urusla Academy. Repeated recitations of abuses in feder year. In sponsoring this program, Con Jeff Stallings, Summit Country Day. Mary Lynn Broderick, Summit Country ally administered health care programs gressman To 1 LUKEN and I are under Day. make the real possibility of a form of na taking to provide in-depth insight into Cathy Rose, Sycamore. tional health insurance remote. But we the functioning of our Federal Govern Debry Dale, Taft. can offer every family some relief from ment to those who will undoubtedly be Marianne Rucllsell, Taylor. high medical and dental costs and high among the leaders of their generation. Cindy Mac;on, Turpin. tax bills by allowing a full deduction foY" The students participating faced stiff Anne McCall, Walnut Hills. these expenses. competition in order to qualify for this Richard Rolfes, Western Hills. Third, we have spent a great deal of program and deserve to be proud of their Mariana Abanto, Western Hills. Jean Schalk, Wllll.am Henry Harrison. time this Congress on the subject of jobs achievement. David Knox, Withrow. and improving employment Possibilities For the next 3 days they will meet Craig Hultquist, Withrow. but we have ignored the working citizen with an impressive array of persons rep Darrell PhUlips, Woodward. who has to get to and from his job. resenting each of the three branches of Sandra Trammel, Woodward. Therefore. I have introduced a bill to our Federal Government. Not only the Deirdre Fi1an, Wyoming. allow working Americans a Federal tax leadership of the House of Rep res en ta Vada Hill, Walnut Hill. deduction for commuting expenses. Par tives, but also Members of the Senate STAFF COORDINATOR ticularly today, many people do not live will give the students their perspective Mr. Robert G. Hood. March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7671 CHAPERONES number of working mothers has tripled. lion women who are working or seeking work. Mr. Ray Bauer, Mt. Healthy High School. Seventy percent of all women who work Twenty-five (25) million of these women Miss Marta Lake, Diamond Oaks. are either the sole wage earner or married are doing so because of the basic need to Mr. Steve Baker, Turpin High School. to men who make under $7,000 a year. Their support their families-because they have Miss Barbara Ferguson, Hughes High income is essential to support themselves husbands who earn less than $7,000 a year, School. and their families. The increased partici or because they are single, divorced or pation of women is due, in part, to progres widowed. sive legislation which has lifted many of The law must be changed to expressly INTRODUCTION OF PREGNANCY the barriers previously faced by women en prohibit pregnancy discrimination: for if it tering the labor market. We must act now is not changed, countless women and their DISABILITY LEGISLATION to guarantee that our progressive laws do families will be forced to suffer unjust and not become regressive by fact of interpreta severe economic and social consequences. tion in the courts. Women disabled by pregnancy and child HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS This legislation has the broad support of birth will be forced to take leave without OF CALIFORNIA civil rights groups, labor organizations and pay. The loss of a mother's salary will have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES women's groups. I might add that the Con serious effect on the family unit-making it gressional Black Caucus has endorsed such difficult for parents to provide their children Tuesday, March 15, 1977 legislation and has established enactment with proper nutrition and health care. For Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, today of a pregnancy bill as a Caucus priority. some women and their families, it will mean I am introducing, with 92 House cospon Every member of the Congressional Black dissipating family savings and security, or sors, legislation to overturn the recent Caucus is a cosponsor. As Chairman of the being forced to go on welfare. For others House Subcommittee on Employment Op especially low-income women-the loss of Supreme Court decision on pregnancy portunities, which has jurisdiction over this income will encourage abortions. disability. Simultaneously, Senator HAR legislation, I will do everything in my power The legislation we are proposing is simple RISON WILLIAMS and seven Senate co to move the bill quickly to the floor. and to the point. It is aimed at getting the sponsors arP. introducing this legislation job done by simply adding a new subsection to Title VII's definitions. Proposed Section in the Senate. In a joint House-Senate REMARKS OF U.S. SENATOR HARRISON A. WIL news conference this morning, Senator 701 (k) would explicitly provide that "the LIAMS, JR., AT A JOINT PRESS CONFERENCE terms 'because of sex' or 'on the basis of sex' WILLIAMS and I announced introduction REGARDING lNTRODUCTION OF A BILL To include, but are not limited to, because of or of this legislation. We were joined by AMEND TITLE VII OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 TO PROHIBIT SEX DISCRIMINATION ON on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth or re Senators BIRCH BAYH and JACOB JAVITS lated medical conditions ..." The amend and Representatives MARGARET HECKLER, THE BASIS OF PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH, AND RELATED MEDICAL CONDITIONS ment would furthermore clarify that em ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN, and PATRICIA ployers are required to treat "women ScHROEDER as well as representatives of Good Morning. affected by pregnancy, childbirth or related women's groups, civil rights organiza This press conference has been called to medical conditions ... the same for all day to announce the introduction of legisla employment related purposes, including re tions, and labor unions. tion in both the Senate and the House of to ceipt of benefits under fringe benefit pro At this point, I would like insert Representaives which will restore basic rights grams, as other persons not so affected but the opening statements presented by to our nation's working women. This legisla similar in their ability or inability to Senator WILLIAMS and mvself as well as tion will make it clear that the prohibitions work ..." a copy of the proposed legislation, a list against sex discrimination in employment This amendment will bring our law up to of House cosponsors, and a list of orga set forth in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act standards accepted by every other Western of 1964 encompass and forbid discrimination industrial nation. Fourteen ( 14) of our own nizations supporting this legislation: based on pregnancy, childbirth and related HoN. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKIN'S OPENING STATE• states-as the result of various types of medical conditions. statutes, administrative rulings, and court MENT ON INTRODUCTION OF PREGNANCY DIS Legislative action is necessary because of ABILITY LEGISLATION decisions-currently require private em the Supreme Court's decision last December ployers to pay income maintenance benefits I join this morning with 92 of my col in the case of Gilbert v. General Electric leagues in the House and 7 Senate cospon to women disabled by pregnancy, in the Company. In that case the Court held that same amounts and for the same length of sors in introducing legislation to overturn working women disabled by pregnancy or time as they pay for any other type of the Supreme Court's decision in General related conditions are not entitled by law to disability. Electric Corp. v. Gilbert. The Court ruled the same benefits that their employers pro on December 7, 1976, that the prohibition vide for workers who have contracted other I am proud to say that my own State of against sex discrimination in Title VII did d.isabill ties. New Jersey is one which guarantees dis not include pregnancy. I know that when This decision came as a deep disappoint ability payments to all women whose em I cast my vote for Title VII, I understood ment to working women throughout the na-· ployers are covered by the State's temporary that protection to include pregnancy. tion. It constituted a serious setback to disability insurance law. However, there are The legislation we are introducing to women's rights and to the development of thousands of women in New Jersey who are day will amend Title VII to define sex to anti-discrimination law under Title VII. Far government employees, teachers, domestics specifically include pregnancy so there can more important, the decision poses a. serious and agricultural workers who like millions of be no doubt of the intent of Congress. I am threat to the security of the American fam women in other states do not qualify for saddened that the Supreme Court ignored ily unit. payments under State law. The amendment the intent of Congress in its interpretation The disability plan which the Supreme we are proposing would benefit all of these of Title VII which led to the harsh decision Court upheld in Gilbert provided income women. in Gilbert. At the same time the Court's maintenance protection for every conceiva The Congress has consistently recognized action overruled the guidelines of the Equal ble type of disability but one-pregnancy that the unequal treatment of men and Employment Opportunity Commission, and related disabilities. Such a plan which women cannot be tolerated in a country that which had been in effect since 1972, requir has a negative impact on only one sex is takes pride in its heritage of freedom and ing that pregnancy-related disabil1ties be obviously discriminatory. It ts not "gender democracy. In 1963, we enacted the Equal treated the same as all other temporary dis neutral", as the Supreme Court concludes. Pay Act to ensure women equal pay for equal abilities. The EEOC has been instrumental But so concluding, the Court ignored the work. In 1964, Title VII of the milestone in combating employment discrimination, intent of Congress in enacting Title VII Civil Rights Act was enacted to ban discrimi and I have worked to strengthen that agency. that intent was to protect all individuals nation based on race, sex, religion and na The Court's action will undo all the prog from unjust employment discrimination, in tional origin from every aspect of employ ress that the EEOC has made in eliminating cluding pregnant women. ment. This was followed by the Equal Em pregnancy discrimination in the workplace I believe that the Court's conclusion dis ployment Opportunity Act of 1972 which unless this remedial legislation is enacted. regards the reality of what a loss of income added significant strengthening amend The Court's decision will have a. particu means to women who must work to sup ments to Title VII. And, ultimately the Con larly severe impact on low-income workers port themselves and their famllies. I am gress voted in 1972 to amend our Constitu who may be forced to go on leave without afraid that lurking between the lines of the tion in order to make it clear, once and for pay for childbirth or pregnancy-related dis Gilbert decision is the outdated notion that all, that women and men must be viewed ab11ities. This loss of income may have se women are only supplemental or temporary as equals in the eyes of the law. rious repercussions for families dependent workers-earning "pin money" or waiting tQ Now once again it is incumbent upon the upon the wife's earnings. return home to raise children full time. Congress to act. Working women throughout In the last decade women accounted for The opinion ignores the fact that the our Nation, from varied walks of life. are tn nearly three-fifths of the increase in the family unit has undergone many changes need of relief. They are hopeful, as am I, that civllian labor force. Approximately 85% of in recent years. Currently, 46 % of all women the Congress will take prompt action to re all these women are pregnant at some time over the age of sixteen work outside of the store the basic rights which the Supreme during their working lives. Since 1950 the home. There are now thirty-nine (39) mil- Court has infringed upon. It is indeed time 7672 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 for the law to truly reflect society's recog· Amalg. Clothing and Textile Workers the Panamanian National Guard on two nition of the value of women as part of our Union, AFL-CIO. different occasions, February 11 and 12, Nation's human resources. Americans for Democratic Action. 1977, at the Tocumen Airport in Panama, Assn. of Flight Attendants, AFL-CIO. while en route to Washington, D.C. Coalition of Labor Union Women. H .R. 5055 Comm. Feminist Organizations and Other The essential facts in these incidents A b.111 to amend title VII of the Civil Rights Non-Aligned Women. were set forth by Representative DANIEL Act of 1964 to prohibit sex discrimination Communications Workers of America, AFL- J. FLOOD in an address to the House ot on the basis of pregnancy CIO. Representatives in the CONGRESSIONAL Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority. RECORD of February 22, 1977, page 4954. Representatives of the United States ot Federally Employed Women. The arbitrary arrest of a U.S. citizen America in Congress assembled, That titie Int'l. Union of Elec. Radio and Machine at the Tocumen Airport is not a trivial VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 1s amended Workers, AFL-CIO. Leadership Conference on Civil Rights. matter but a grave violation of the treaty as follows: rights of U.S. citizens to unrestricted Section 701is amended by adding thereto a League of Women Voters of the U.S. new subsection (k) as follows: Mass. Governor's Comm. on the Status of access to the airport, and raises the "(k) The term 'because of sex' or 'on the Women. question of restoring aircraft service to basis of sex' include, but are not limited to, Mexican-American Womens Nat'l Assn. Canal Zone airports. Such interferences because of or on the basis of pregnan:::y, Nat'l Aoortion Rights Action League. cannot be dismissed as "overreactions" childbirth, or related medical conditions, and Nat'l Assn. for the Advancement of Col- or other innocuous terms, as some are women affected by pregnancy, childbirth, or ored People. prone to do, for they were done under related medical conditions shall be treated Nat'l Assn. of Commissions for Women. National Education Association. the supervision of a high official in the the same for all employment-related pur Panama Government and caused the poses, including receipt of benefits under National Federation of Business & Pro- fringe benefit programs, as other persons not fessional Women's Clubs, Inc. Governor of the Canal Zone to make a so affected but similar in their ability or National Organization for Women. public demand on the Department of inability to work, and nothing in section NOW-Labor Task Force. State to protest the actions. 703 (h) of this title shall be interpreted to National Urban League. In the second address, Mr. Guthrie National Women's Health Network. permit otherwise." National Women's Political Caucus. summarized the State Department's posi New Jersey Insurance Department. tion in line with the unauthorized and PREGNANCY DISABILITY LEGISLATION Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers, AFL- unconstitutional Kissinger-Tack "agree COSPONSORS CIO. ment on principles" of February 7, 1974, Daniel K. Akaka, Les AuCoin, Herman Penna. Commission for Women. and stated that he expected a new canal Badillo, Edward Beard, Jonathan Bingham, United Auto Workers. treaty to be submitted in 1977 for rati Michael T. Blouin, Lindy Boggs, Jack Brink United Electrical, Radio and Machine fication. ley John Buchanan, Yvonne B. Burke, John Workers. It is especially interesting that in his Burton, Phil Burton, Shirley Chisholm, Wil Women for Racial & Economic Equality. Women United for Action. opening remarks for the meeting, Chair liam Clay, Cardiss Colllns, John Conyers, Jr., man Foster urged the members of the James Corman, Baltasar Corrada, George Women Employed. Danielson, and Ronald V. Dellums. Women's EC'ulty Action LeoaP"ue . Legion's Foreign Relations Commission Norman Dicks, Charles Diggs, Robert F. Women's Law Project of Phlladelphia. to see their Senators and to express their Drinan, Robert Edgar, Don Edwards, Joshua Women's Legal Defense Fund. views on the crucial Canal Zone sover Eilberg, Frank Evans, Dante B. Fascell, Women's Lobby, Inc. eignty question. This vital matter is cov Walter E. Fauntroy, Harold Ford, Donald M. ered in House Resolution 92, introduced Fraser, Richard A. Gephardt, Dan Glickman, by my distinguished and scholarly col Tom Harkin, Michael Harrington, Herbert F. league from Pennsylvania .n. for the Central La- Ma~rch 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7673 bor Union-Metal Trades CouncU. He was de Canal treaty, and Keith Guthrie, treaty ad United States must be vlgtlant against all tained at Tocumen International Airport viser, office of Panamanian Affairs for the efforts to surrender any of the U.S. Sov Friday morning as he was about to board a State Department, were the speakers. ereignty or jurisdiction in the Panama Canal plane for Washington on business for the Explaining his obligation as a government Zone or over the Panama Canal obtained union. employee to protect the taxpayers' money under the 1903 Treaty with the Republic of After being held in the immigration office and interests, Drummond sa.id he is an advo Panama, as amended and revised in 1936 and at the airport he was taken before a district cate of the anti-treaty group and that he 1955; and should in no way cede, dilute, attorney for questioning in connection with wants to see certain constitutional safe forfeit, negotiate or transfer any of the U.S. two explosions outside his house in Los Rios guards for the Canal Zone that is U.S. ter sovereign rights, power, authority, jurisdic on Oct. 31. ritory. tion, territory or properties directly or in In a letter to Jorden, Parfitt said Drum He said the government of Panama is deep directly or by subterfuge all of which are mond's arrest at the airport was "clearly ly 1n debt with an admitted liability of 1.3 indispensibly necessary for the protection of illegal" and a violation of the 1949 Aviation billion dollars, and that ba.nks with loans the U.S. and the Western Hemisphere; and Agreement between Panama and the United to the government are worried that they be it further States. won't get their interest, let alone repayments Resolved, that The American Legion re Parfitt also wrote that "the purpose of the of the debts, and that the country's econ affirm its opposition to new treat ies or execu action against Drummond actually was to omy is "close to zero." He said he didn't be tive agreements with Panama that would in discourage him from exercising in the Canal lieve the U.S. can "afford the charity of giv any way reduce our indispensable control Zone his right to freedom of speech." ing up something as important as the Canal." over the U .S.-owned Canal or Canal Zone; Drummond has been in the forefront of Asserting that there are no civil or human and be it further efforts to block the negotiations between rights under the dictatorial government of Resolved, that The American Legion urge Panama and the U.S. for a new Panama Canal Panama, Drummond said all the people of the immediate resumption of the moderniza treaty. Panama probably want a new treaty of some tion of the present Panama Canal as pro Drummond flew from Tocumen Saturday sort, but not under a. dictator. He pointed to vided under the current legislation measures for Miami en route to Washington, where he the need for continuing protection, opera for the Terminal Lake-Third proposal. said he would discuss his detention and his tion and maintenance of the Canal, includ efforts to block the treaty negotiations with ing maintenance of the water tables to op his supporters in both cities. erate the Canal and which require a large The violation referred to by Parfitt con land area. cerns Article 17 of the 1949 agreement which Guthrie told the group that the text of MOUNTING SOVIET INDEBTEDNESS provides for free transit of U.S. citizens in a treaty probably will be formulated yet this WORRIES WEST the services of the Canal Zone government year, but admitted we face real and serious and of the U.S. armed forces. problems for we must insure that the Canal In this regard, Parfitt said: remains open, operative and secure. HON. LARRY McDONALD "Although this right of free transit ob General guidelines for a new treaty would OF GEORGIA viously could not be construed to provide provide that it be for a fixed period of time IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES immunity from arrest for a person commit not in perpetuity-that the U.S. would have ting a criminal offense while transiting be land rights necessary for the defense of the Tuesday, March 15, 1977 tween the airport and the Canal Zone, there Canal, that Panama would participate in the Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, some is no question in the present case that Drum operation and defense of the Canal, that mond had a right to proceed to the airport years ago when the floodgates of East jurisdiction over the zone area would revert West trade were opened up we were told and depart the Isthmus without interference to Panama. and that the U.S. would have by Panama authorities. . primary responsibility for the defense of the it was good business to trade with the "His arrest and detention for nearly three Canal for the life of the treaty. Soviet Union, because it had a good rec hours was in itself clearly illegal. Further, To protect the Canal in isolation and de ord of repaying its debts. In one sense the violation of the rights of such a person fiance of Panama would be most dimcul t, he this was true, if you overlooked the lend while under U.S. auspices was clearly op said. Guthrie said ·four administrations, be lease repayments never made by the pressive when viewed in the light of the ginning with President Lyndon B. Johnson, U.S.S.R. and the defaults on the Tsarist attendant circumstances, that is, that Drum have considered opening negotiations for a bonds. mond was taken into custody and removed new treaty with Panama. from the airport without notifying his However, the one hard fact everyone spouse who was in the immediate vicinity; "We will try to protect our interests by seems to overlook is that the ruble is not that the arrest ostensibly was accompllshed seeking a partnership operation with Panama and I believe we are prepared to enter into a convertible currency and, therefore, the merely to obtain information concerning an Soviet Union has to amass convertible incident 1n which Drummond was the vic such an agreement, and I believe such a treaty would have broad and lasting support currency in order to buy anything from tim and which had occurred outside of the the West or repay any loans or credits. jurisdiction of Panama; and that the pur in Panama," he said. pose of the action against Drummond ac As Henry Bradsher recently pointed out tually was to discourage him from exercis RESOLUTION No. 90 in the Washington Star, of Sunday, ing in the Canal Zone his right of freedom THE PANAMA CANAL March 13, 1977, the Soviet debt in her of speech. Whereas, under the 1903 Treaty with Pan foreign trade has now mounted to a "In the light of the foregoing, there can ama, the United States obtained the grant point where even the bankers who have be no doubt that the arrest was a willful act in perpetuity of the use, occupation and con been pushing trade with the U.S.S.R. on the part of the government of Panama trol of the Canal Zone territory with all sov have become squeamish. in violation of the 1949 Aviation Agreement. ereign rights, power, and authority to the "I strongly recommend that a plain and entire exclusion of the exercise by Panama As Mr. Bradsher points out, tourism, forceful protest be made to Panama with a of any such sovereign rights, power, or au selling guns, and cut-rate passenger and request that government provide clear assur thority as well as the ownership of all pri freight hauling by her merchant marine ance such a violation will not occur again." vately held land and property in the Zone will only bring in just so much converti by purchase from individual owners; and ble currency. There are just three alter PRESS RELEASE FRoM AMERICAN LEGION NEWS Whereas, the United States has an over natives available to the U.S.S.R. One, SERVICE riding national ~ecurity interest in main taining undiluted control over the Canal she can sell more of her gold. This would WASHINGTON-Or. Robert P. Foster, Chair Zone and in its trer, earller, of debt service ratio. Recently, the Washington Post pub cyclamates which were banned on similar evi When the ratio rises above 20 percent for lished a series of articles related to the dence. The unqualified nature of the Delaney underdeveloped countries, they usually find problems of obesity and the effects of Amendment prohibits rational decision mak it difiicult to borrow any more. Bankers get excess weight on an individual's health. ing. In effect, it says that 1f any risk of cancer worried, interest rates rise sharply and the Inasmuch as saccharin is the major can be demonstrated, then that is that. There International Monetary Fund often moves in is no room for weighing the benefits of sac to supervise financial policy. substitute for sugar currently in use, banning its use in food and beverages charin or whatever other substance is in The Soviet ab11lty to finance its deficits volved against its costs. Yet such cost-bene and make debt payments is, however, "sub denies to the public the most effective fit analysis is basic to any sensible judgment. stantially enhanced by net hard currency alternative to sugar as a sweetener. The saccharin decision points up the receipts from invisibles and from arms sales," According to press reports the pro the study says. It estimates net earnings last weakness of the Delan~y Amendment, which year from Soviet transportation services as proposed ban reHes on data developed has long needed replacement by a more bal $450 million and from tourism $150 mUllan. after subjecting test mice to saccharin anced effort to protect the public against The Kremlin also earned an estimated $1 levels equal to a human's consuming carcinogens. blllion by se111ng weapons in 1976, mostly to some 800 cans of diet soda daily. I am no such oil-rich countries as Libya. Arms earn scientist, but such data are not particu ings this year and next are estimated by the larly persuasive to me. THE AMERICAN LEGION'S 58TH study at $1.5 to $2 billion. ANNIVERSARY The study says that on loans made in Ingesting any ingredient in these Western Europe the Soviet Union has been amounts would inevitably lead to phy paying 1.25 percent over the Interest rates sical problemc;. Even water in these HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO used among London banks. According to amounts would kill a person. - OF ILLINOIS other sources, this often comes to a total of I am joining today with our colleague, 8.5 percent interest, which is considered a IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Congressman JIM MARTIN of North good rate-better than underdeveloped coun Tuesday, March 15, 1977 tries with lower debt ratios and less political Carolina, in cosponsoring a resolution stability can obtain. expressing the sense of the House of Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, March The CIA study says that some Soviet equip Representatives that the proposed FDA 15 marks the 58th anniversary of the ment purchases are made with five-year ban should not go into effect until con- founding of the American Legion. Dele- March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7675 gates from the First American Expedi ing to American communities from mili And as Africa emerged as one of the hottest tary service face singular problems and areas of international controversy, Biester tionary Force founded the Legion on surfaced as one o! the half-dozen members March 15, 1919, in Paris, France. The pressures. In addition, financial aid to of Congress who had travelled widely in Africa preamble to the Constitution of the f1rmer service men and women increases and studied its politics in depth. American Legion states: their opportunities to contribute, in In many ways, Biester was a textbook For God and country we associate ourselves turn, to America. model of what a congressman should be. He together for the following purposes: to up The members of the American Legion was the opposite of the cartoonist's favorite hold and defend the Constitution of the have not only protected the interests of image of a congressman-the loud, self-im United States o! America; to maintain law our Nation abroad, but have also con portant and often ignorant buffoon who per and order; to foster and perpetuate a one tributer· mightily to the strength of our petuated his career with public relations hundred percent Americanism; to preserve gimmicks and special interest campaign con Nation at home. On this 58th anniversary tributions. the memories and incidents of our associa of the founding of the American Legion, tions in the great wars; to inculcate a sense Yet, while many men o! lesser 1ntell1gence o! individual obligation to the community, I congratulate the Legionnaires of llli and integrity stayed on, "Peter" Biester re State and Nation; to combat the autocracy nois and our Nation on their magnificent tired last week from the House of Represent o! both the classes and the masses; to make record of the past and extend my best atives. He will return to his home in Furlong, right the master of might; to promote peace wishes for their success in future service. Bucks County, and will work for the Phlla and good w1ll on earth; to safeguard and delphia law firm of LaBrum & Doak the obvi transmit to posterity the principles o! jus ous question is why? Why does a bright and tice, freedom and democracy; to consecrate ambitious man at the prime o! his profes and sanctify our comradeship by our devo HOUSE IS NOT A HOME sional lite, 45, decide to leave government? tion to mutual helpfulness. TIGHT LIPPED The American Legion has maintained In Biester's case, the public will never know HON. TOM RAILSBACK the full story. He refuses ~o tell it. the high standards it set for itself. The OF ILLINOIS He cites the usual personal and financial members of this organization have been reasons for returning to private lite. More successful in making their noble ideals IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES time with the family. More money for the become a working reality. This is indeed Tuesday, March 15, 1977 kids' education. And he says it is time !or a proud accomplishment. Legionnaires Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, re new faces. He says he is opposed to an in all over the country have accepted the dividual's perpetuation of his career ln office. cently I read a very candid article by But his colleagues don't completely accept challenge of sponsoring and conducting Robert Taylor of the Bulletin Wa.c:;hing these reasons. They are only part of the a"'tivities featuring community service, ton Bureau, "Not at Home in the House." story. youth eevelopment, and educational ad This article speculates on why one of our Biester would not be leaving, they say, it vancement. former colJeagues and mv good friend, he were not frustrated and bored in the In 1976 the American Legion and its Peter Biester, left the Congress. Think House. Republicans in general have become in Auxiliary cosponsored three special ac ing it might be of interest to those of us tivities to commemorate the Bicentennial creasingly frustrated in recent years as their who currentlv serve in the House as well minority in the House has dwindled to less Year. Legion and auxiliary members, re as to the general public who might ask sponding to a campaign conducted joint than one-third. whv someone would not w::~nt to remain As a GOP member, Biester had come to ly by their organizations to raise funds a Congressman. I insert this article in accept the reality that he would never be for cancer research, contributed a total the RECORD. come chairman o! even a subcommittee. He of $1,150,000. Of that total, $1 million was knew he would be allowed to participate in presented to the American Cancer So NoT AT HoME IN THE HouSE decisions only to the extent that the Demo ciety at the American Legion conven (By Robert E. Taylor) cratic chairmen allowed it. Like most Re tion held in Seattle, Wash., in August, WASHINGTON.-It was a typical scene in the publicans, he was often left in the position and $150,000 was turned over to the so House of Reoresentatlves. The committee of criticising Democratic legislation, but with hearing on U.S. relations with Castro's Cuba little opportunity to initiate his own bills. ciety in December of 1976. was dragging along. Witnesses were testify As a. liberal Republican, Biester was part Legion and auxiliary members con ing in academic jargon. Members drifted of a minority within a minority. He had llttle tributed nearly $200,000 for the casting simultaneously in and out. hope of gaining a. leadership position within and exhibition of the Freedom Bell, Then, Rep. Edward (Pete) Blester (R-Pa) his party. which weighs 16,000 pounds and is twice took the opportunity to question a graduate Nevertheless, some liberal Republicans the size of the original Liberty Bell. The student from Columbia. University's History have succeeded in overcoming some o! these Freedom Bell was exhibited aboard the Deoartment. obstacles. Moderate Rep. Bill Frenzel (D Freedom Train, which toured the United To the committee's amazement, Biester Minn), with two terms less than Biester in started debating the witness on the phil seniority, was elected chairman of the GOP Statt-!s between April 5 and December 31, osophy of Andre Rousseau. an obscure writer Research Committee for this year. 1976, and was viewed by more than 5 on church-state relations in Cuba. Liberal Sen. Richard s. Schweiker (R-Pa) million people. The bell has been pre Biester even quoted from a book by Rous of Montgomery County parlayed a seat tn s~nted to the Government on behalf of s~au, which, he said, "I just happen to a. congressional district next to Biester's in to the children of America and will soon be have with me." a. seat in the Senate, and even a. shot at the installed at a permanent site in Washing "Where did you get that book?" asked an vice-presidency. ton. astounded Ren. Donald M. Fraser (D-Minn), But Blester, for personal and political rea chairman of the hearing. sons, could never follow these paths. His For the first time ever, a combined At the end o! the tlve-minute exchange academic intelligence and low-key style were Boys Nation and Girls Nation program between Biester and the witness, one com out of place in the political arena. "Maybe." was conducted in the Nation's Canital. mittee member chuckled that it "didn't he mused in a rare moment o! self-exposure The Boys Nation-Girls Nation activities, sound, much like a congressional hearing." recently, "this isn't really the place for peo in which 300 young men and women par Rep. Charles N. Whalen (R-Ohlo), long ple like me." ticipated, began in Washington on July an admirer and friend of Blester's com "Pete" Biester doesn't like to talk about 15 an:i concluded in Philadelphia on July mented: "A great deal had been expected o! what kind of person he is. It makes him 23. the 94th ConiP'ess, and I think this fulfill's uncomfortable. Personal reflections have to the expectations." be dragged out of him. It is another element The continuing dedication of the Le UNCOMMON CONGRESSMAN that makes him so different from most men gion to the adjustment of the veteran in politics. to the civilian life, restoring his health The scene was not unusual for Biester, an The Greek philosopher, Plato, wrote that uncommon Congressman. His colleagues had the ideal ruler would be a. philosopher, a man and usefulness to society, maintairung come to expect surprises !rom this quiet in his dignitv. and assurng the welfare of who stood aside from the confusion of life tellectual. around him and studied the questions of the the veteran's widow and children is For a. decade, he had impressed them with careful work on subjects ranging from prison day, seeking the answers calmly and objec celebrated with the commemoration of tively. the !..egion's founding. The American Le parole reform to the powers o! a President to wage war without congressional approval. Biester seems to fit that mold. But the gion admirably served the veterans of our Congress ts a long way from Plato's "Repub wars with its sponsorship of the GI bill He was one of the leaders o! the House "Wednesday Club." a collection of liberal and llc", phUoc;ophers don't rule the Congres.c;. of riczhts and the Korean GI bill. By thus moderate Republicans who met on Wednes Power-brokers do. And 20th Century America serving the veterans, the Legion serves days to discuss and prepare for upcoming is not 4th Century B.C. Greece. Anerica, for our men and women return- legislation. While many o! his colleagues viewed Con- 7676 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 gress as a game, like Monopoly, in which ona fused to u t ter a word of criticism about the cosponsoring a resolution to permit seeks to gain a maximum amount of power, House where he could not find a home. broadcast coverage of our floor proceed Biester saw it as an intellectual challenge. "This is the wrong time for that kind of While ot hers made alliances with lobbyists thing," he said. "This is a time for new ings. I want to take this occasion to re and influential colleagues, Biester studied optimism about our institutions, not more peat my support for this resolution and issues. While others amassed bulging cam· criticism." to urge its adoption. paign chests for themselves and others, Biester's only complaint was that most The current 90-day test of closed cir Biest er ran ridiculously inexpensive cam· Con gressmen and Senators "take themselves cuit television should be used to evaluate paigns. too seriously." the technical aspects of moving toward Biester never used press releases and fioor He praised the local politicians who work such a step. I hope that once thiS test speeches to inflate his own image. He worked endlessly with little hope of glory or reward. is completed, the House will act quickly hard, but in the shadows. But asked if he would remain active in poli While these qualities endeared Blest er to tics, he said, "I think the people are entitled to follow through with full broadcast many of his colleagues, they doomed him to to a respite from my constant attentions." coverage. obscurity in the hubbub of a 435·membel' He reserved his highest praise, however, House. Because he would not scramble for it, for the little-known members of Congress power eluded him. who do much of the work without accruing COMPULSORY PUBLIC SERVICE: A Rep. Lawrence Coughlin (R·Pa) of Mont. power or recognit ion. BAD PRECEDENT gomery County insists Biest er nevertheless Biest er point ed out New York Republican was effective. moderate Rep. Barber Conable. Conable, in "The people with the high profile down fact, is emerging from obscurity. Last year HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER here are not necessarlly the ones who are he headed the GOP Research Commit tee and OF WISCONSIN the most influential or effect! ve," Couglin this year he will become ranking Republican said. "Biester didn't make a speech a day on the powerful Ways and Means Committ ee. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or a press release a day, but he did his re· What Biester said of Conable would prob Tuesday, March 15, 1977 search a n d when he talked, people listened." ably be more accurate of himself. "When he In the House International Relations Com· leaves," Biest er said, "he will go unnoticed Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, our Na mittee, Biester's departure is viewed with and unremembered. But the quality of his tion's strength is based on the precept sincere regret. work is, I suppose, the satisfaction he gets." of individual freedom. It is this precept "We always marveled at the high quality which has spurred both individual ac of h is participation," commended Roger complishment and national achievement. Majak, the top Democratic staffer on the Because people have such freedom in committee. CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION making their personal decisions, and "He was almost always there, and he came well·prepared," Majak said, "unlike some have not been subjected to coercion or others." HON. ALBERT GORE, JR. force on the part of the State, a spirit of As a member of that committee, Biester volunteerism has been fostered in our wa<> one o! the first to see both the promise OF TENNESSEE Nation. This spirit has been the key to and dangers involved in the emergence of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES great success of the Peace Corps, VISTA, Africa from colonial rule. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 and other programs where individuals He and Rep. Jonathan Bingham (D·NY) give of themselves on behalf of others. took the lead in calling for the U.S. to cease Mr. GORE. Mr. Speaker, I want to commend you for initiating the experi There are some who now suggest that violating the United Nations embargo o! we should take away this individual Rhodesia, and to align itself more closely ment which begins today in the use of with the black governments which would closed-circuit television on the floor of choice. They say that what the Nation rule Africa in the future. the House of Representatives. I hope that needs is compulsory national service. It Fellow-congressman Whalen saw Biester as this is the first step toward live broad is personally beyond me how anyone of a cultured man who may have been out of cast coverage of our proceedings as a any political stripe can say that com place in Congress. means of informing the public about pulsory public service is in keeping with "He had a lot of interests outside of poli the actions of this House. our 200-year American tradition. tics," said Whalen. "He liked art and he was In today's Washington Post, Charles extremely well read . . . The actions of this House directly af feet the lives of millions of Americans Fried, a professor at Harvard Law "You might call him a dilettante-Now, School, provides a well-stated argument I don't think vou could describe him as that. every day in countless ways. I believe He always pa.id full attention to what'ever that people today are interested in know against those who say such a compulsory we were working on, but ... he might have ing more about what their elected rep program would somehow benefit our been a little over the heads of our col resentatives are doing here in Washing country and our youth. In fact, its im leagues." ton. I believe they have a right to know plementation would be a disservice to our Some of his friends felt that Biester would more about our actions and we have an youth and an expensive, cumbersome be far more comfortable in a university than burden on our Government and Ameri in government. obligation to make that information readily available. ca's taxpayers. When he was asked to recall his most Millions of Americans rely on radio As Charles Fried says, "The idea is memorable moments in a decade in the wrong in principle and would surely be House, it was to the college campuses that and television as a primary source of Biester turned for his first recollection, not news. State legislatures and city coun a nightmare in practice." I hope it will to Congress. cils in my State of Tennessee and across be considered carefully by all who read Sitting in his office, surrounded by card the country regularly permit broadcast the RECORD. The article follows: board boxes full of bills he had labored over coverage of their proceedings. I believe COMPULSORY PUBLIC SERVICE: A BAD and constituent mail he had answered, the House of Representatives should join PRECEDENT Biester recalled his 1969 visits to colleges and with them in allowing cameras and mi (By Charles Frl.ed) universities t-o investigate student unrest. crophones to broadcast our actions back Proposals for a program of compulsory Characteristically, it was an unannounced public service for all young people have been survey conducted by a handful of congress· to the people we were elected to serve. Mr. Speaker, I believe that a decision making the rounds in congressional and edi men who wanted answers, not public torial circles. One major network news com· exposure. to permit broadcast coverage of our pro mentator hailed such a program as an l.dea They returned convinced that student pro· ceedings will help restore the balance of " whose time has come." tests came in defense of what Biester calls power envisioned by the framers of the I disagree. In this, the beginning of our "traditional values." Thev met with t hen· Constitution. Many experts believe Con third century of Uberty, ·it is shocking that President Richard M. Nix~n. and urged that gress has lost power to the Presidency so many should be ready to impose in so he seek to curb the puntt1ve splrlt that was since the advent of television because drastic and total a way on the liberties o! t hen r ising against protes ting s tudents in Presidents have made better use of this a whole generational slice of the American Congress and the Administ ration. population. And it is particularly dishearten· new technology, I believe televising Con ing that the liberties of our young people Throughout an hour-long interview, will Blest er talked of issues he had studied. bills gress help restore public trust and should be casually disposed of on such 111· he had worked on-but almost ne\'er the confidence in this body. As a result, Con conceived and essentially self ·serving roles he had played. It was as if he had been gress will be in a better position to exer grounds. watching Congress operate for ten years, cise its constitutional responsibilities. The proposal, which has attracted so much without ever being a part of it. Mr. Speaker, for these reasons one of favorable oomment, is this : All youths-say And despite his colleagues' speculation my first actions as a new Member of the at high school-leaving age-would be re about frustration or boredom, Biester re- House of Representatives was to join in quired to spend a year ln some form of pub- March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7677 lie service activity, but this o'Q).igation could Rats tn the saccharin bowl ing. The leadership of the President in be discharged by enlistment in one of the Profit who? this respect has been superb, but it is up m111tary services. The proposal is thought to Rats in the saccharin bowl be good in principle and good in practice. Profit who? to us, as the Nation's legislators, to bring In principle, it is thought to affirm the no Rats in the saccharin bowl the laws into conformance with those tion of an obligation of public service. And Profit who(m)? objectives which we share. practically it would help alleviate a pr.ob Profit more than a farthing. The United Nations sanctions against lem which is showing up ln the volun Rhodesia were :first imposed-with our They got a lobby teer army. It appears that the volunteer full support--by a unanimous Security army is turning out to be very expensive Richer than you They got a. lobby Council vote in 1966 on the grounds that while st lll failing to attract recruits of a the actions of the minority regime rep desirable quality. It ls thought that by in Richer than you stituting a general obligation of service, They got a. lobby resented a direct threat to peace in that many more will find 1t worth their while to Richer than you . area of the world. Since then, the inter discharge that obligat ion ln the military, Sugar's richer than saccha.ring. nal situation in Rhodesia has not im thereby improving the quality of the army proved; indeed no honest man could and lessening the burden on the taxpayers. deny that it has grown immeasurably The idea is wrong in principle and would worse. surely be a nightmare in practice. RHODESIAN CHROME The idea is wrong in principle because the Now as much as ever, it is our duty liberty of young people is worth no less than not only to meet our internat ional obli the liberty of middle-aged politicians and gations, but also to back up our stated edt torializers who would take from them the HON. CHRISTOPHER J. DODD support for the cause of majority rule right to determine how to live their lives OF CONNECTICUT in the beleaguered nation of Rhodesia. during a substantial period of time. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES To inject into this discussion a measure I would not wish to denigrate the prin of practical politics, I might mention in ciple that we all have an obligation to serve Tuesday, March 15, 1977 closing that while our dependence on our community, but the notion that we may be compelled to do so absent manifest neces Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, as one of the Rhodesian chrome is decreasing, our sity and some clear national emergency, is first cosponsors of H.R. 1746, I was par need for other crucial raw materials in foreign to our traditions. The shoddiness of ticularly pleased to vote yesterday for Africa is steadily increasing. Our con the proposal, indeed, reveals itself when we passage of this bill which we all know as tinued support for the Smith regime via see that it really boils down to a desire on the repeal of the Byrd amendment. A our purchases of chrome ore can only the part of the middle-aged to get some measure long overdue, this legislation endanger our trade and political rela thing-a high quality defense manpower tions with the African States that are pool-without paying for it. If the nation will put an end to this country's direct violation of international law, as well as becoming more and more important to needs a. m111tary establishment of a partic us. ular quality, then the nation as a whole make our trade policy fully consistent should pay for it, and not force a. small seg with our nonrecognition of the minority ment of the population to contribute its regime in Rhodesia. WYDLER AGAIN SPONSORS SENIOR services unwillingly for nothing. The Byrd amendment, which was ap But if the argument of principle doesn't CITIZEN INTERN PROGRAM convince, the pra.ctlca.llties should. All one proved by the Congress in 1971, has has to do is consider the difficulties of tens placed the United States in the embar of thousands of local school boards in en rassing position of importing Rhodesian forcing useful activities on high school chrome in defiance of mandatory United HON. JOHN W. WYDLER students during some five or six weekday Nations sanctions against all Rhodesian OF NEW YORK hours, to see how unlikely we would be to products. Efforts to repeal the amend IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be able to provide and supervise a. meaning ment have failed several times in the Tuesday, March 15, 1977 ful, compulsory year-long, 24-hour-a-day past 4 years, but this time a number experience for every 18-yea.r-old in the na of factors render the passage into law of Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, for the tion. (And make no mistake about it, any fourth consecutive year, I am indeed thing less total would not have the desired H.R. 1746 an all but certain event. effect of driving large numbers of youths First of all, the original justification proud to again sponsor my senior citizen into the military as a preferred alternative.) for the bill allowing for the importation intern program for older Americans in I ask those who would casually deprive of Rhodesian chrome despite existing in the "Fabulous Fifth" Congressional Dis their fellow citizens of their liberty for a ternational sanctions, is not longer valid trict. year of their lives, who would administer under scrutiny. Outside of the Soviet The 1977 senior citizen intern program these programs? Who would determine what will be held in Washington, D.C., from constituted appropriate public service alter Union, Rhodesia was-until fairly re natives? Who would enforce attendance, and cently-the U.S. steel industry's major May 16 to May 27, and as it has in the discipline participants who snuck away for source of chrome ore. By boycotting Rho past 3 years, will provide two older Amer an hour, or a day, or a week? Who would desian products, the United States placed ican representatives from my district to keep order in the dormitories? Or would itself in the position of being unwisely personally study legislation, programs, there be dormitories? What about drinking dependent on the Soviet Union for a raw and policies affecting our Nation's and drugs? Would there be exemptions for material essential to the production of seniors. This information is used by the st.udents? For persons engaged in essential strategic armaments as well as vital con seniors when they return to the district activities? And so on. and meet with the various older Ameri I would have thought the loathing the sumer goods. This unsavory situation American people have displayed for multipli gave the Congress good reason to rein can organizations within the Fifth Con cation of bureaucracies and regulations state our trade relationship with Rho gressional District. Each participant's re would indicate that the last thing in the desia. Today, however, the situation has action and concern for the various pro world the public would want at this point altered considerably. The rapid develop gra ms discussed is also shared with me would be a program that turned over every ment of technology now allows for t he so that I can gain an even greater insight 18-year-old in the nation (man and women) more widely available ferrochrome to into the problems facing the elderly. to wholly undefined, non-existent set of in substitute in increasing amounts for stitutions. My senior citizen intern program is chrome ore. In addition, we have ac open to anyone 65 years of age or older' cumulated large reserves of chrome who lives in the "Fabulous Fifth'' Con A SACCHARIN MUSICAL HIT which could, if necessary, fill our de gressional District. This year, special fense needs for many years to come. participant applications have been de Insofar as we accept these changes as veloped and are being distributed to dis HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. a given, another element makes the re trict senior organizations. These applica OF :INDIANA peal of the Byrd amendment even more t ions ask for various information includ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES imperative: we are working in a new ing a candidate's contr ibution to the sen- Tuesday, March 15, 1977 climate since the Carter administration ior citizen field, areas of senior concern, took office-a climate in which the com and organizations in which the senior Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, a new mus mitment of our Government to a "moral participates. Candidates must be nomi ical group named "Pick Your Own Poi diplomacy" is once again in the fore nated by a senior citizen club or organi son" is planning a eig hit, to wit: front of all foreign policy decisionmak- zation. 7678 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 The applications, which are available their canoes, in the coldest Midwestern Congressm.an EILBERG has worked dili from Fifth Congressional District older winter on record. While the U.S. Weather gently over the past years to bring to our American organizations or by contacting Service was not in operation in 1681, his attention the need for reform of our my district office at 150 Old Country torical evidence indicates that La Salle present grand jury system. This article, Road, Mineola, N.Y. 11501, telephone was blessed that year with a relatively which appeared in the March 10 edition 248-7676, must be completed and submit mild winter. of the Evening Bulletin in Philadelphia, ted no later than April 25, 1977. All ap Ironically, Mr. Speaker, many of the reviews the past and present actions in plications received will be reviewed by a difficulties the current expedition faced the area. I commend Congressman ElL panel of judges representing Fifth Con have stemmed from our increasingly BERG's article to my colleagues of the gressional District and Nassau County sophisticated civilization. Whereas La House: older American organizations. Salle could simply reach down beside his THE "EILBERG BILL": GRAND JURY REFORM During their 2-week stay in Washing canoe if he wanted a drink of water, the (By JOSHUA EILBERG) ton, each intern will receive compensa waters which the new expedition has The grand jury system has long been con• tion in the amount of $500. Also each traveled are not today safe for human sidered an integral part of our judicial heri will be provided with round-trip air consumption. tage. Based on experiences with the British transportation to Washington, D.C. More dangerous hazards have resulted monarchy, our Founding Fathers considered when an unbelieving snowmobiler ran his grand juries such an important protection for the individual against possible Govern vehicle off a bridge and into a river, ment persecution that they incorporated narrowly missing one of the group's them into the Bill of Rights. LA SALLE: EXPEDITION II NEARS canoes. In Indiana, while the expedition Unfortunately, the grand jury system has NEW ORLEANS was walking near a highway because recently become the focus of controversy and rivers were frozen, a truck struck and in misunderstanding. Defenders of grand juries jured four of the voyageurs. One will be view them as an essential prosecutorial tool HON. ROBERT McCLORY unable to rejoin the expedition. and as a buffer between the state and the Mr. Speaker, the following students citizen. Critics fear them as uncontrolled OF ILLINOIS "star chambers" and as "rubber stamps'' for from Elgin are taking part in this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prosecutors. arduous and historic Bicentennial proj Recent history has demonstrated that Tuesday, March 15, 1977 ect: Charles Campbell, John Di Fulvio, grand juries are valuable tools to ferret out Keith Gorse, Richard Gross, Marc Lieb· official corruption. But the historic function Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, over the of grand juries is also being perverted to past year in this Chamber we have heard erman, Doug Sohn and Clifton Wilson. Other students on the trip include: Gary serve partisan political ends. Their historic reports on a variety of Bicentennial proj purpose as a "legal shield" is being disre ects. While the official Bicentennial Year Braun of Bartlett; Randy Foster, Jorge garded by prosecutors who totally dominate is over, I would like to inform our col Garcia, Sam Hess, Bob Kulick, George the proceedings. leagues that a Bicentennial project which Lesieutre, Steve Marr, and Bill Watts of As a result of these developments, for the Streamwood; Mark Fredenburg of Han first time since the adoption of the Bill of certainly ranks with the most innovative, Rights in 1789. Congress is conducting a com challenging, and exciting is nearing com over Park; and Sidney Bardwell of Evanston. Each member of the party has prehensive examination of the federal grand pletion. been assigned the identity of one of La jury system-its operations, its problems, its Mr. Speaker, at this moment 23 young abuses. and its reform. Salle's voyageurs. In March 1973, as chairman of the sub men, many of them from Elgin, m.. in · Mr. Speaker, it is difficult to find ade· my congressional district, are traveling committee on Immigration, Citizenship and quate words of praise for such an awe· International Law of the House Judiciary down the Mississippi River toward New some project. While most Bicentennial Committee, I convened hearings regarding Orleans in canoes handmade fn the style activity has focused appropriately on the the so-called "Fort Worth Five"--controversy of the American Indian. When they Original Thirteen Colonies, the La Salle in which five Irish-Americans were sub reach that city on or about April 3, they Expedition II has drawn attention to the poenaed by a grand jury in Fort Worth, will complete an authentic renactment of Texas, for crimes allegedly committed ln New Midwest's own heritage. By the authen York City. When they refused to testify, they the 3,300-mile voyage of Robert Cavelier ticity of the great historic voyage which Sieur de La Salle in 1681-1682. La Salle: were granted immunity without their con· they have recreated, by their obvious sent, then held in contempt and imprisoned Expedition II, recreating the voyage care for the environment and indeed by During the hearings, witnesses described which claimed the Mississippi basin for the very conception of this incredible un the use of the grand jury to investigate France, began in Montreal last August. dertaking, these modern day voyageurs "political crimes" and the ablllty of the The expedition has been endorsed by the have demonstrated dramatically the rel prosecutor to open inquiries, often for poUt American Revolution Bicentennial Ad evance of our past to the present and to leal purposes, far from the site of an ministration, the Dlinois Bicentennial alleged offense. The witnesses also explained our future. This perception will not soon how the grand jury system is used to obtain Commission, the National Education As be forgotten by those whc encountered sociation, and the National Audubon So information that is often unrelated to them on their journey, nor, I hope, by the crlmlnl;'.l activity. ciety. Members of this House. Following this hearing, both in the 93d The party, led by Reid LewiS, a French Mr. Speaker, I know that I speak on and 94th Congress, I introduced comprehen teacher at Elgin Larkin High School, has your behalf, and on behalf of all of the sive bUls to reform the federal grand jury demonstrated a remarkable reverence for Members of this House in expressing system and held hearings on them. history. Lewis and his voyageurs are congratulations to Reid Lewis and the Unfortunately, while almost all the wit dressed in handmade clothing very simi nesses supported some form of legislative expedition voyageurs on the occasion of change to grand jury procedures, the then lar to that worn by La Salle and his men, the successful completion of their voy attorney general and the Ford Admlnlstra and have subsisted largely on compara age in New Orleans on or about April 3, tlon totally opposed any reform. The new ble foods, including corn meal mush, 1977. attorney general has publlcly and privately dried beans, and panfried bread. Their stated his concern about prior abuses and passion for authenticity has been trans about maintaining the Independence of the mitted to the public along their route. GRAND JURY REFQRM grand jury. He has agreed to cooperate with The voyageurs have presented dramatic my subcommittee In developing appropriate reforms. Hearings will be resumed this programs in various towns and cities to session on a new grand jury bill, H.R. 94, bring the meaning of their endeavors to HON. RAYMOND F. LEDERER which I introduced on January 4, and I the many citizens they have encountered. OF PENNSYLVANIA expect comprehensive legislation to be The plays have been written and directed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES adopted by the 95th Congress. by Mr. Lewis' brother, Ken, who is also H.R. 94 would insure independent and in a member of the party. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 formed federal grand juries. Jurors, not the Mr. Speaker, while the expedition Mr. LEDERER. Mr. Speaker, I appre prosecutor, would determine and review all ciate this opportunity today to bring to the evidence. members have tried to recreate La Salle's To insure secrecy, and avoid trial by news voyage as accurately as possible, in many the attention of my colleagues an im paper, grand jury leaks would be made a ways their trip has been more arduous. portant article written bY our colleague crime with the punishment depending on Like La Salle, they spent their nights in from Pennsylvania, the Honorable the purpose of the leak. makeshift shelters, often simply under JOSHUA EILBERG. To provide a proper balance between the March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7679 Fifth Amendment p-rivUege against self ia.ted with any religious group and receives 1,000,000 inhabitants; publlc school districts; incrimination and the right to obtain evi no public funds. It trains elementary school public water districts; veterans• organiza dence, under H.R. 94 a. witness could be teachers exclusively, and awards bachelors' tions; Chicago Regional Port Districts~ther immunized from prosecution, but only with and masters' degrees in teaching. As to the, po-rt districts; and airport authority (Ill. Rev. strict judicial safeguards. specific property in question, the property Stat. 1975, c.120, §§ 500.1-500.20). To establish a. proper balance between the is presently used fo-r a number of educational, The Revenue Act of 1939 set out the pro rights of a witness and the need for thor fund raising business, alumni and social cedure !or securing an exemption from the ough investigations, H.R. 94 mandates new activities of the college in addition to being real estate tax. The procedure was different procedures. Witnesses would receive one the residence of the president of the college. between Cook County and the remaining week's notice, unless the government can Further testimony listed each and every ac downstate counties. When the final county justify a shorter period. tivity of the college held at the president's authority approved the exemption (Board of Witnesses could have counsel with them home. Upon cross-examination, the activities Tax Appeal of Cook County and the Board in the grand jury room-not to ask ques in the president's home did not include col of review in downstate counties), the final tions or challenge evidence but only to advise lege classes. Any access to the home was only approval for the exemption came from the their clients and counsel could be removed by invitation. The primary use of the home State's Department of Local Government for improprieties. · was residential (41 m. App. 3d at 634, 635). Affairs (Dl. Rev. Stat. 1975, c.l20, §§ 589, 600). The need for grand jury reform is real. U. ANALYSIS OF THE CASE Eligibility requirements for exemption More and more states are providing in status were di1ferent among the separate creased rights and protections. But if the In reaching its decision, the court looked to categories. As an example, ownership of real grand jury is to return to its historic role the Illinois Constitution of 1970, Article IX, estate was the only eligibility requirement as a "bulwark against oppression," reform of § 6 for its rationale. In this section, the Con for the United States, State of Illinois, park our federal laws to provide for equitable stitution provided that the "General Assem d1str1cts with population of less than 1,000,- procedures must be enacted. bly may exempt from property taxation only 000, cities and vlllages where the property 'property used exclusively for ... school ... was within corporate limits and where there purposes•" (lei. at 635). The General Assem was no le·ase provisions to pay tax by a lessee, bly did enact an exemption in §§ 19 and 19.1 public water districts and the Chicago Re of the Revenue Act of 1939 whereby "the gional Port District. On the other side, NEW COURT DECISION ON ILLINOIS property of schools 'Used exclusively for REAL ES.TATE LAW church buildings met its eligibillty require school purposes, is exempted" (Dl.Rev.Stat. ments when the property was used exclu 1975, c.l20, §§ 500, 500.1). sively for religious purposes. Other property The court then set out the principle for held by religious or charitable organizations, HON. HENRY J. HYDE determining exempt status. The statute must cemeteries and schools, attained exemption OF ILLINOIS be "strictly construed and cannot be ex eligibility when their property was owned tended by judicial interpretation" (Id.). All IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and used exclusively for that present purpose facts and all debatable questions are resolved (ill. Rev. Stat. 1975, c.l20, §§ 500.1-500.20). Tuesday, March 15, 1977 in favor of taxation. The burden rests on the party seeking the exemption to show clearly IV. OBSERVATIONS OF EXEMPTION Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, one of the that the specific property in question was The decision in the instant case is another outstanding legal scholars in the Metro within the contemplation of the law. A party indicator that the General Assembly needs politan Chicago area ·is my constituent, as an example, seeking an exemption for to review the statutory definitions and proce Paul M. Sengpiehl. "staff housing facilities as property exclu dures for exemption from the real estate tax. Mr. Sengpiehl received his J .D. degree sively used for school purposes obviously Local government throughout the state has at !IT/Chicago-Kent in 1970 and his must do more than merely showing that the suffered repeated reductions of the real estate property is owned by the school and occupied tax assessment base. Many public officials are M.A. in public administration at Michi beginning to talk about bankruptcy as a gan State University in 1961. He is a by school personnel ... one is not required to show that the use of the property is abso leverage to secure higher statutory tax rates member of the nunois State Bar Asso lutely indispensable for carrying out the work from the General Assembly. Even though ciation and its Local Government Law of the institution. The primary use of the exemptions reduce the tax base, there were Section Council and is also a member of property, not its incidental uses, determines valid reasons why the General Assembly pro the Chicago Bar Association, and its vided the present exemptions. The General its exempt status" (Mac Murray College v. Assembly should review whether its mandate Local Government Law and State and Wright, 38 Ill.2d 272, 278). bas been changed now by judicial pronounce Municipal Tax Committees. The court then set out the principal issue ment. Mr. Sengpiehl has written a most in which centered on the primary use of the particular property. The primary use of the The National College of Education case is teresting commentary on a recent deci president's home, according to the court, was an excellent example. The C-enera.l Assembly sion of the Illinois Appellate Court con residential and its school use was only inci in § 500.1 provided an exemption for school cerning the problem of real estate tax dental. The court referred to the MacMurray property, "including but not limited to stu exemption for a college owned residence College case, which held that "certain dwell dent residence halls, dormitories and other which I am pleased to share with my col ings used in housing faculty and staff on housing facilities for students and their leagues: school property adjacent to the college's cam spouses and children and staff housing factll pus were not exempt from taxation in spite ties." The legislative intent was that these [From the Chicago Dally Law Bulletin, specific enumerated properties should be Feb. 24, 25, 1977] of the General Assembly's exemption for 'staff housing' inasmuch as the residential use was exempt as school property. The court now COLLEGE RESIDENCE Is NoT EXEMPT FRoM primary" ( 41 lli.App.3d at 636) . says that a. staff housing facility owned by a REAL ESTATE TAX school and used by the school's president (By Paul M. Sengpiehl) m . ANALYSIS OF EXEMPTIONS primarily as a residence is not exempt under § 500.1. The residential use ot this staff hous On Aug. 27, 1976, the Illinois Appellate At the present tfme, a minimum of 10 per cent of the real estate throughout the State ing facility is interpreted as a non-school use. Court for the 1st District in In re County of Illinois is exempt from real estate taxation. Collector-(National College of Education) With this rationale, every student resi 41 Ill. App. 3d 633 [354 N.E. 2d 507] affirmed In some counties, the real estate exempt from dence hall, dormitory or other housing facil the dec1sion of the Circuit Court of Cook taxation exceeds 90 per cent. Some county ity and staff housing for any public school, County and denied the exemption to the governmental units are teetering on the brink college, theological seminary, university, or National Cpllege of Education for its real of bank-ruptcy because their real estate as other educational purpose organization estate used as a home for the president of sessment base has been virtually eliminated would be subject to the loss of its exemption. the college. by exempt property. Even though this new court interpretation The General Assembly has provided 23 sec will undoubtedly expand the real estate tax 1. BACKGROUND OF CASE tions where certain types of property, under base, it may also put some schools out of The property in question was a house tn certain conditions, are eligible for real estate business or substantially raise the cost of Wilmette, nl., which was acquired by the tax exemption. These types of property in education so high that only the wealthy can college, partly as a gift and partly by pur c! ude: school p-roperty; religious institutions; afford an education. chase, on Dec. 21, 1972. In the following year, burial grounds; United States property; State There are other ways to increase the real an assessment was made on the real estate of Illinois property; property of political sub estate tax base without placing the burden and the taxes amounted to $7,287.88. This divisions; charitable institutions; fire ex on private schools. There are organizations tax was paid in full under protest. The tinguishing equipment and property; public which are entitled to exemption status In college filed this action asserting that the grounds owned by political subdivisions; their own right, but which subsequently property in question was e1rempt from the property being purchased by governmental lease their property to a profit making enter real estate property tax pursuant to § 500.1, body under installment contract; non-profit prise. I! the lease was executed after the (ill. Rev. Stat. 1975, ch. 120, § 500.1) which agricultural; military schools and academies; in1tlal property was exempt, the property authorized the exemption of school property. municipal transportation corporations; non may well remain exempt without being en The college alleged in its testimony that profit parking areas; railroad terminal cor titled to an exemption. it 1s a nonprofit, private institution, unatfil- porations; park districts with less than The state, which has the final authority to 7680 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 approve the exemption, has no authority to million for an emergency fuel assistance amendment to H.R. 4877, the full committee check any change ln the status of the prop program from the fiscal year 1977 sup bill and urges every member of Congress to erty after the exemption has been granted. plemental appropriations bill. These support you in this effort. At the present time as has been the prac Sincerely, tice in the past, not all of the exemptions funds were recommended by the Labor ANDREW J. BIEMILLER, are even processed to the Department of HEW Subcommittee to provide immedi Director, Department of Legislation. Local Government Affairs as the statute re ate relief for poor and low-income people quires. The state has no authority to require unable to pay abnormally high fuel and NATIONAL RETIRED TEACHERS ASSO a. complete accounting from the county in utility bills and facing cutoffs of their CIATION, AND AMERICAN ASSOCIA order to assure that all exemptions allowed energy supplies. TION OF RETIRED PERSONS, by the county have been processed properly. With the support of 22 of my col March 14, 1977. Units of local government within a county DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: On behalf of our 10 do not always have the means to check leagues on the Appropriations Commit million elderly members, we strongly urge whether their county government has prop tee, I will offer an amendment on the your support for an amendment to H.R. 4477 erly administered the Revenue Act as it ap House fioor tomorrow to restore the $200 to be offered by Congressman David Obey plies to exemptions. This was the reason why million for this urgently needed pro to restore the 200 million dollars deleted by the General Assembly placed the final con gram. It is a responsible measure which the Appropriations Committee for the Emer trol for its approval at the state level. Now, gency Fuel/Energy Assistance Program. the General Assembly needs to mandate a can be implemented quickly and efficient comprehensive reporting system for exemp ly through existing Federal and State This program will provide much needed tions. This system should enforce complete mechanisms. The money would be allo assistance to the poor and near poor for the filing and require an annual report from cated to Governors and administered payment of utility bills incurred during this each county to the state showing all exempt under their direction through appropri past winter. In our opinicn it would provide property. an efficient and rapid governmental response ate State and local agencies which are to a problem raised by thousands of our The use of computer programming should prepared to handle the program. None simplify the procedure. With a comprehen members over the past few months. sive reporting procedure by the state and of the money would be used to pay ad Again, we urge your favorable considera county, the percentage of improper exemp ministrative expenses. Assistance would tion. tions can be detected more readily and local be provided in the form of direct pay Sincerely, government can secure a broadening of the ments to fuel and utility suppliers on be PETER W. HUGHES, real estate tax base. half of eligible individuals and families. Legislative Counsel. In addition to these procedural and ad Eligibility extends to households with ministrative means of changing the real incomes no higher than 125 percent of NATIONAL RURAL HOUSING COALITION, estate tax base, there is another govern the Federal poverty level who have shown Washington, D.C. March 14, 1977. mental body which has contributed to the proof that they lack the financial re DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: On March 16, 1977, loss of the real estate tax base from local 23 members of the Appropriatiohs Commit government--the United States government. sources to meet outstanding energy bills and face imminent cutoffs of fuel and tee will offer an amendment to the Supple Some downstate counties have over 90 per mental Appropriations bill to provide $200 cent of their real estate owned by the U.S. utilities. A maximum of $250 may be million for emergency fuel assistance to Com government, which is exempt from property provided per household. Any funds un munity Service Administration, to be turned tax. expended by June 1 will revert to the over to the Governors for administration. Since these exempt lands, like the Shawnee U.S. Treasw·y. We strongly urge your support for this National Forest, have eliminated the tax amendment. base for many units of local government This proposal not only has the strong backing of Governors from all sections The Congress has a long standing and including the public schools, maybe our civilized tradition of providing assistance, at state and local government officials should of the country and both political par ties, but from a number of national cit home and abroad, to people suffering from seek the earmarking of federal funds as re disasters beyond their control. If ever there imbursement for these lost taxes. Maybe izen organizations, labor groups, and the was a disaster, it is the situation facing mU these reimbursement funds should go to the consumer lobby. I am submitting for the lions of the poor resulting from this bitter state to benefit all of the educational systems information of the Members letters I winter in the face of escalating fuel costs. throughout the state. This proposal could have received in support of the amend Sincerely, be included. as part of the present federal ment from those organizations: AARON E. HENRY, revenue sharing program. Chairman. The procedure and administration sur AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR rounding the policy of providing an exemp AND CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL tion from real estate tax needs a fresh re ORGANIZATIONS, CONSUMER FEDERAT~ON OF AMERICA, view. Certainly proper administration should Washington, D.C., March 14, 1977. March 14, 1977. provide a much needed Increase ln the real Hon. DAVID OBEY, DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: The action Of the estate tax base. This increase in the real U.S. House of Representatives, House Appropriations Committee in reject estate tax base, however, should not come Washington, D.C. ing the recommendation of its Subcommittee through judicial flat which is contrary to DEAR DAVE: The AFL-CIO understands on Labor-HEW to provide $200 million 1.n the legislative Intent, nor at the expense of that you intend to offer an amendment to emergency funding bills durlng this unprece private education In our state. H.R. 4877, the Regular Supplemental Appro dented winter is nearly incomprehensible. The federal government should also be priations b111, which would restore $200,000, We understand Congressman Obey will of aware that its extensive ownership has con ooo for emergency fuel assistance when the fer an amendment to the First Supplemental tributed to the financial pinch for the public bill reaches the House floor. The AFL-CIO Appropriations Blll to restore the $200 mil schools and that it should make contribu further understands that the Appropriations lion knocked out by the 26-24 vote of the tions to the state in direct proportion to the Subcommittee on Labor and Welfare had in full Committee. This is to urge you in the lost revenues sustained by public educa cluded the $200,000,000 but the provision was strongest terms possible to support the Obey tion within the state because of its owner stricken by the full committee on a vote ot Amendment. ship. 24-26. The most severe winter in decades has had It would be easy to turn away from these We commend and support your effort to a. devasta.tlng effect on the budgets of mil problems because it may not seem that sig restore the $200,000,000 amount to the full lions of householders, especially those fami nificant. However, should any school begin committee bill 1.n the wake of one of the lies at the lower end of our economic ladder closing through public inaction, there may most severe winters in our nation's history. who do not have the financial flexibllity to be no future resurrection. Millions of poor familles and elderly will need meet unusual and unscheduled big expenses. some assistance to pay the resulting high The combination of much greater fuel and fuel bills. It is the A~TO's understanding utility requirements because of the sustained that the majority of utility companies have cold winter, coupled with steep increases in ENDORSEMENTS OF EMERGENCY been sympathetic to the severity of the cold rates, have put many fam111es in a precarious position. Although fuel companies and utili FUEL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM weather, and in other states state legislators ties have been understandably reluctant to have enacted laws to prohibit shutoffs until shut off services durlng the winter-many HON. DAVID R. OBEY spring. Therefore in April and May utility because of prohibitions against doing so companies will be asking millions of Ameri the ability of many of their customers to pay OF WISCONSIN cans to pay up or face shutoffs. We also un the extra bills simply could not and cannot IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES derstand that you intend to put a. cap on be ba.ndled through normal means. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 the amount of money to be paid for any one President Carter sent special Federal em household of $250. This appears to be an ployees and assistance into some areas of the Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker. last week the adequate supplemental assistance for fuel. country this winter, as indeed he should Appropriations Committee deleted $200 Therefore, the AFL-CIO supports your have, in face of the disastrous circumstances March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7681 that existed in those communities. A respon The National Council of Senior Citizens This standoff between civilian and military sible and responsive government can do no and its over three million members unequiv partisans was very much a part o! the atmos less than attempt to keep solvent families ocally endorse the Obey amendment to the phere o! the Civilian-Mllitary Institute's whose fuel and utility bills put them in the Labor-HEW Supplemental Appropriations First National Symposium at the Air Force position of choosing between bankruptcy or bill, and we urge your favorable consideration Academy last week. going without utmty service as a result of when it reaches the House fioor. Too many Commendably, the 3-day conference pulled the same severe cold weather. people have suffered greatly this winter, and no punches in getting at what its program Please support Congressman Obey's amend relief is needed now. participants believed to be the key issues in ment when it comes up for a vote, probably Sincerely, national and international affairs as they on Wednesday, March 16. WILLIAM. R. HUTTON, affect the thinking of both civilian and mili Sincerely, Executive Director. tary leaders. LEE C. WHrrE. One of the final speakers was Maj. Gen. DeWitt C. Smith, Jr., commandant of the UAW, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, Pa. Smith put into focus much o! the frankness Washington, D.C., March 14, 1977. THE VOLUNTEER ARMY: DEAR. REPRESENTATIVE: The UAW favors an and honesty many delegates professed dur amendment which Representative Obey wilr A GENERAL'S VIEW ing the conference. offer to the Supplemental Appropriations bill Conceding that a. healthy society must this week to provide $200 m1llion 1n emer maintain an attitude of skepticism toward gency fuel assistance to needy Americans. HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER its soldiery, Smith nevertheless warned: "We must not let that skepticism turn into The unusually cold winter and the soaring OF WISCONSIN cost of energy combined to create an impos abuse or stereotyping." He challenged civilian sible burden for lower income individuals, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES critics "not to engage 1n this (critical) con ventional wisdom as if it were some sort of the unemployed, and older Americans llving Tuesday, March 15, 1977 on fixed incomes. Th~ Obey amendment, body of information that never changes." which was approved by the Labor-HEW Ap Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, much at General Smith was evenhanded. He said propriations Subcommittee but narrowly de tention has been devoted recently to a military leaders receiving perceptive and per feated in the full Appropriations Committee, report prepared by a professor for a tinent civllian criticism should be prepared would pay up to $250 per household for fuel Senate committee expressing some con to "stand the heat o! the kitchen" or "follow bills on th~ basis of demonstrated need. None Harry Truman's advice and get out." cern about the All-Volunteer Army. Not Smith asked his auditors to accept these of the funds may be used for administrative nearly enough attention has been given costs, so the full benefit of the appropriation facts about the military: would be felt by the needy recipients. to the views of those within the Army That, in an "imperfect world," the mili The UAW regards the Obey amendment as who know firsthand the quality of the tary "is here to stay." a necessary and appropriate response to the Nation's defense forces. That no matter how persuasive the argu very serious problem faced by those who will One man with an excellent vantage ments for broadened roles ("the troops ought have to do without decent food or other ne to have something more productive to do") point is Gen. DeWitt C. Smith, Jr., Com the assignment of serving the peace is over cessities in order to pay this winter's !uel mandant of the U.S. Army War College. bills. At a. time when the Congress is provid riding. "It is unwise to begin from any other ing a major stimulus to the economy. it At the civilian-military institute's First premise," Smith said. would be ironic and unfortunate if those National Symposium, held recently at That America's historic "moat"-its ocean most in need were forced to manage on even the Air Force Academy, General Smith frontiers-is gone. "Britain and France are less. We urge your support of the Obey said that the Volunteer Armed Forces not there-readiness must be a. full-time job." amendment. are effective and that criticism is mis That the volunteer armed forces are effec Thank you. placed. He noted that he had crossed the tive and that criticism is misplaced. He said Sincerely, English Channel on D-day and said that HOWARD G. PASTER, he crossed the English Channel on D-Day Legislative Director. today's American military "is far better" and that today's American military machine than the conscripted force of World "is far better'' than the conscripted force of Warn. World War II. NATIONAL CoUNCIL OF SENIOR Crrt The military is going to be costly. And it ZENS, INC., That analysis has been repeatedly con should be. Washington, D.C., March 14, 1977. firmed to me by high-ranking Army and "After 190 years of inequity and the belief Hon. DAVID R. OBEY, Pentagon officials with whom I have you could buy soldiers on the cheap .•. we U.S. House of Representatives, talked. They consistently tell me the vol must realize (this) Is an overdue bill ... Washington, D .C. expensive but one that must be paid.'' Stnlth DEAR CONGRESSMAN OBEY: As I am sure you unteer military is a great success and are aware, this country has just come out they emphasize that the Nation has never said. Our military Is an "American success of the worst winter in 60 years-40 per cent before had as good a defense force as it story." It is a 200-year record of placement o! colder than last year's winter. Energy con has toda.Y. a military machine in a democratic frame sumption has increased over 32 per cent na The comments of General Smith, as work, unparalleled in history. tionally. Accompanying this increased con summarized in a Denver Post article, "There has been no man on horseback in sumption, many regions of the country have touch on a number of other topics. The our society," Smith said. "No garrison watched fuel costs for home heating oil sky state ... no country less like Sparta than the rocket. In New England, in fact, the typical thoughtfulness of his remarks is impres sive. General Smith exemplifies the con Unit ed States." homeowner must pay almost $1,000 for this Citing the military's absorption of the Viet winter's heating btll-and there is still almost scientious, high-caliber leadership which nam defe3.t Without (as predicted) a bitter 50 inches of snow on the ground in Maine. typifies today's Army. I hope his views " turning inward," Smith voiced this pledge On February 28, the Labor-HEW subcom receive careful thought and considera as being the highest aim of the American mittee on Appropriations passed by voice vote tion. The article follows: military: an amendment by Congressman David Obey SUM.l' would distribute the funds utillz debate there Is on this subject seems frozen in ice. senhower, both of whom warned in farewell ing the best dellvery mechanisms available presidential messages against the dangers of in each state. Eligib111ty would be limited to Congressional investigations have inured a militarism to democracy, would heartily ap the poor and near-poor (many of whom are superficial segment o! public opinion to be plaud that s tatement. aged) whose income falls within 125 per cent lieve the military is a well-fed bureaucracy At least, it is the sort of common ground of the poverty line 1n that area. a rathole for the tax. dollar that produces from which Americans who seek balance in In action by the full Appropriations com ever less bang for the buck. foreign policy and protection of vital do mittee, the Obey amendment was defeated by The anti-establlshment wing o! dissent- mestic values can build on for the fut ure. a slim margin, 26-24. Because the vote was so joined by the naive--preaches a complete The Civilian-Military Institute expects to do close, Congressman Obey will re-introduce hls end to American armed. power. Presumably, so. Comments such as those by General Smith amendment on the House floor to be attached once we sank our last warship other nations suggest both challenge and promise. A mili to the Labor-HEW Supplemental Appropri would immediately follow suit. tary machine doesn't kid around-it has to be ations bill for FY 1977. The amendment is The military, for its part, appears hypno tough. But if Its traditions hold to a common expected to come up tor a vote on Wednes tized by the advance of global communism. devotion to democracy, that Is a motivat ion day, March 16. It tends to feel sorry for itself. we can sbare, not fear. 7682 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 ADDITIONAL VIEWS OF HON. lating to the safety of our food supply under scientific world but ignored in the absolute CLARENCE J. BROWN, JR. certain circumstances may prove to be neces ness of the Delaney clause. Nitrosamines, sary. Such tradeoffs are already being made produced through the combination of m under the laws guiding governmental ap trates-nitrites and amidesamlnes, have been HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN proval or disapproval of medicines and drugs. found to produce cancer 1n animals, but not OF OHIO Some drugs are now totally prohibited be necessarily in humans. cause they have no benefits or because their Furth.ermore, the quantity of these addi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES benefits are far offset by their substantial tives that were fed to animals to produce Tuesday, March 15, 1977 harms. But some drugs, which may be harm cancer was so large it is extremely unlikely ful in general, have such benefit in certain that any human would ever ingest anything Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, the diseases that they are permitted under lim close to such quantities. Does it make sense absolute and rigid nature of the Delaney ited or controlled circumstances. And other to ban an otherwise useful food additive on clause has been a matter of deep con drugs may have more general benefits but the basis of such tenuous causation solely cern to me for a number of years. The still be harmful if improperly used. The because the Delaney clause rPquires a ban if recent FDA ban on saccharin has again general use of such drugs are not proscribed any indication of carcinoganesis is present? except for warning label. And, of course, Could abolition of useful or essential addi brought to the public's attention the some drugs are not restricted at all. tives actually have the effect of denying shortsightedness of the Delaney clause The Delaney clause does not permit such necessary foods to the public because they approach. governmental judgment. It absolutely pro cannot be adequately preserved without the As early as 1972, in a report of the Gov hibits the use of any food additive which is use of the additives? • ernment Operations Committee, I pointed carcinogenic "in man or animal" and re Are there maximum quantity limits that out that: moves any possibility of administrative can be established for use of additives which As a. matter of fact, the Delaney clause choice. would be generally safe and which would does not provide the latitude with reference Unfortunately, this prohibition applies in thereby require changing t.he applicability to additives in thE! food supply which our an area which is scientifically hazy. The of the Delaney clause from absoluteness to laws permit in the case of medicinal drugs. massive dose of a substance given to a lab permit the exercise of discretionary judg And a crisis may be brewing as a. result for oratory animal which then develops cancer ment? Such judgments are permitted with those in our Nation affected with a specific may or may not prove that a massive dose reference to additives which are not carcino disease: diabetes. An increasing number of of the same substance would induce cancer genic but which are dangerous in other ways prohibitions under the Delaney clause of in humans. But the Delaney clause makes if ingested in excessive quantities. Is a risk artificial sweetener food additives wlll gradu no such distinction. of cancer significantly different from a. risk ally reduce the options of those who suffer The massive dose of a substance adminis of inducing a cardiac problem? For a person from diabetes. In their case, the Delaney tered to a laboratory animal may or may not with acute hypertension, table salt can be clause does not allow for the medicinal ad prove that a minimal dose of the same sub a dangerous additive. vantages of a. good additive. stance would induce cancer in humans. But The fact of the rna tter is that the exercise the Delaney clause makes no such distinc of judgment about danger levels of other I insert in the RECORD in their entirety tion. than-carcinogenic additives includes a con my additional views from the August 15, As a matter of fact, the Delaney clause sideration of the different levels of human 1972 Report of the House Government does not provide the latitude with reference reaction to such additives, just as the ad to additives in the food supply which our ministration of criteria in air pollution legis Operations Committee on the regulation laws permit in the case of medicinal drugs. lation must take into account the differences of food additives: And a. crisis may be brewing as a. result for in individual human tolerances. An older ADDITIONAL VIEWS OF HaN. CLARENCE those in our Nation afflicted with a specific person with emphysema cannot tolerate the J. BROWN disease: diabetes. An increasing number of same degree of air pollution that a vigorous While I generally concur with the sub prohibitions under the Delaney clause of ar young person can, nor can a person with high stance of this report, I feel that it fails to tificial sweetner food additives will gradually blood pressure tolerate the same level of speak fully or directly to an issue it clearly reduce the options of those who suffer from some food additives as a person with low raises by inference: The future applicabllity diabetes. In their case, the Delaney clause blood pressure. of the Delaney clause to the 1958 amendments does not allow for the medicinal advantages It would seem likely from what is known to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. That of a. food additive. of the ravages of other diseases in persons of clause reads as follows: Conversely, the Delaney clause does not different physical makeups ancl from wl1at * * * Provided, Tha!; no additive shall be speak to what happens to food additives may be adduced from the stndies of smoking deemed to be safe if it is found to induce which are safe in and of themselves after they and cancer, that different individuals may cancer when ingested by man or animal or are in the food supply and interact chem vary in their degree of susceptibility to va if it is found, after tests which are appropriate ically with other substances (either additive rious levels of food additives which have for the evaluation of the safety of food addi or naturally occurring) during cooking or in been iden tifted as c~ucino...,enic and banned tives, to induce cancer in man or animal * * "' the process of ingestion or digestion as this under the requir<>ments of the Delaney clause (21 U.S.C. 348(C) (3) (A).) report indicates. Presumably, court interpre because the additives have :!aused cancer in Some might try to interpret my additional tation of the clause might provide answers laboratory animals. Should the question of views as an attack on the Delaney clause and, in these hazy areas. But shouldn't the Con carcinogenicity be handled differently under thereby, as being in favor of cancer or the gress address itself to these issues first? The the law from the way additlves that induce risk of cancer. The humanitarian (and there good intent behind the clause cannot be hypertension or cardiovascular disease are by, the political) folly of such a position is so questioned nor is it at issue. The question handlen? obvious as to make unnecessary a denial of that is attracting increasing attention, how One must ask if scientists have sufficiently any such ridiculous charge. Rather, my mo ever, is whether the "all or nothing" philoso determined the causes of cancer to establish tive is to advise the public of a conflict which phy with respect to carcingenicity of the the communitywide tolerance levels of addi clearly lies ahead between existing and de Delaney clause continues to serve the best tives which should be allowed, or-as the -veloping science based on what we now know, interests of the public. Delaney clallse does-that absolutely no on the one hand, and the law as it is now It is said in this report that application levels should be permitted? written, on the other hand. of the Delaney clause to nitrates and nitrites After that question has been answered, it We all want to assure that the food people is in doubt because proof does not exist that is not illogical to ask if additives should be eat wlll not harm them, And, insofar as it is they directly and alone produce cancer. Yet, treated differently from the way substances possible, government should assure this. But there is evidence •that these additives, when that turn up in the food supply naturally it must be recognized that absolute guaran combined with other substances also present are handled. Does it ma.lce sense to ban a tees may not always be possible-and for in food, may cause cancer. It may be asked substance, otherwise useful as an additive, something as big, pervasive and powerful as then, whether the clause should be amended when such a substance has long existed in the Federal Government--in an area. where, to prohibit the use of substances which could natl•re ann has bee., ronsumed by man and surprisinglv, so little is sclentlftcallv provable. result in such secondarv reactions. If the animal for years without apparent harm? More than that, safety of something as basic clause were so interoreted, however, would Conversely. does the fact that a questionable as food must be related to its availabllitv and the potential ramifications so overburden ad and potentially danqerous subc;tance apoears cost and less important factors such as· taste ministration of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic in nature mean that the Delaney clause and attractiveness. No uovernment could sur Act that overall protection would actuall-;- be should be broarlened to include in its re vive if it were to assure a totallv safe food reduced? Similarly, would the safety of large quirement for automatic banning naturally supplv but one that is so reduced in quantity number!' or foods be found in auestlon if the occurrinl!' carcinogens? as to bring the Nation to starvation. CJon clause were so extended. thereby significantly If the latter course is followed, the ban verselv. to ignore safetv in our anenuate food limitin~ consumer selection or even the ade ning of eggs and apples because they con· suooly todav would not be nolit.icallv accent quacv of the food suooly? tain natural estrogens (which would be able-nor, more importantly, ls the public Nitrates and nitrites also noint up the banned were thev artificial additives) be interest. issue of probabllity and reac::onable cer comes a real possibility. In that case, many It is obvious, then, that some tradeoff re- tainty-factors widely relied upon in the industries may have extensive claims against March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7683 the Federal Govemment tf recent leglslatlon relationships. We have developed unrealistic quite d11ferent when looked at from the passed by the House actually becomes law. expectations of how tar our collective raison point of view of society as a whole. For ex That legislation, H.R. 13366, permits those d:etre can be equated with production and ample, the satisfaction the craftsperson gets injured by the Government ban on cycla· consumption. from doing a task well under good conditions mates to sue in court for Federal indemnifi· The 'busyness' and 'growthmania' that 1s not counted as an output by the factory cation of losses. characterized our society can perhaps con manager. Perhaps a more logical approach would be tinue for some time. But we are coming to Canadians live resource and energy costly to ban only artificial substances whose car realize that there must be limits to this type Uves: per capita consumption of energy by cinogenic properties exceed in amount of of activity. Growth processes (biological or Canadians is second highest in the world. effect those "carcinogenic" substances ap social) must at some point slow down; they Simple energy conservation measures, such pearing naturally in our food supply. At run into environmental limits, resource sup as smaller capacity engines in automobiles, least that would be one method of measur ply bottlenecks, shortage of capital, con or less complicated packaging, would free re ing some rule of reason to this complex sumer satiation, impediments !rom waste sources that are now, literally, being wasted. matter. products, and a kind of entropy arising from Relatively modest sums of money invested In any event, it appears that the appllca the increasing complexity of social interac in conservation measures would return large tlon of some reason is now required-both tions. There is a widespread sense, and in· economic benefits to society. This approach to the question of what should be banned creasin~ evidence, that the industrialized can be compared to investing ever-increasing and why it should be banned, and perhaps world has entered that phase. amounts to increase supplies of traditional how to ban. The fact is that we simply do It would be naive to rely on a biological energy sources. For example, a 1 percent de not know as much as we should about either analogy as a guide to policy in all aspects of crease in the annual growth rate in energy artificial or natural carcinogens to act upon a. complex modern society, In all aspects of demand would equal a savings equivalent to them with the knowledge that we are not Canadian society, or in all parts of Canada. the cost of twelve tar sands plants by 1990. unduly restricting our food supply on the Nevertheless, lt does seem clear that Cana This decrease, which could be achieved at no one hand or leaving it open to undue risks dians are entering an era of transition, in the cost through increased efficiency and lighter on the other. And if there is to be broaden course of which many features of the way we automobiles, would thus lead to a total sav ing of the ban imposed by the Delaney do things wtll change. Indiscriminate growth ings by 1990 of $30 billion ($2.5 billion/tar clause to include possible secondary effects for growth's sake wm have to give way to a sands plant). of foods or naturally appearing carcinogens more selective growth. The concept of "doing more with less" rep (which would then ban cured meats or One attempt to describe this change is to resents a. departure from the approach taken other widespread products which have been say that we face a transition from a 'con by our society over the past fifty years. In accepted as safe for years) vastly more de· sumer society' to a 'conserver society.• To automobiles, consumer goods, size of cities, finitive scientific assurance ts going to be explore the implications of such a. transition even size of nations, there has been both an necessary to enforce any such ban if that for science and technology, we will discuss implicit feeling and explicit expression that enforcement 1s to succeed with any degree some of the general features of a 'conserver "bigger is better." But now we realize that of efficiency and economy. society• as we conceive them at this time. bigger is no longer automatically better. Economy in Design: The Conserver Society Simplified production processes that involve aims to do more with less. This is a highly fewer inputs are more desirable. condensed statement of what ought to be Other avenues for economy through design TOWARD A CONSERVER SOCmTY the central aim of the designer or engineer. come to mind. Houses and buildings can be The good designer has always sought to op designed to make use of natural advan timize performance and usefulness, under tages-they can be oriented to gain heat HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. the constraint of economy, and has always from the sun in winter, or from the ground OF CALIFORNIA intrinsically valued materials and resources, via a heat pump; or they can be designed to especially where he or she senses they are ln enhance the natural air flow to reduce the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES short supply or may be needed for more crit need for air-conditioning. The "moped" is a. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 ical uses in the future. In the present con simple vehicle that makes occasional use of sumer society, these Views have often been the reserve power in the muscles of the rider Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak overridden by the pressing concerns of the to economize on the size of its engine. In er, at a recent meeting on future environ marketplace. What is implied by the Con other cases, technological sophistication may mental concerns, where the book "The server Society 1s not only the re-assertion of be the road to economy, as in the replace Unfinished Agenda" was released, an the values of good design, but also the en ment of the vacuum tube by the tiny tran other document prepared by the Science largement of the concept of design to in sistor. We should ask ourselves how much clude a greater appreciation of external or business travel could be replaced by confer Council of Canada was discussed by Dr. social costs, and a!)preciatton of the total ence calls on existing communication sys J. A. Potworowski. Dr. Potworowski de system as being finite or closed. tems. Part of "doing more with less" involves scribed both the document, "Toward a Economy thus not only means low private using less brute-force high energy and re Conserver Society," and the impact that cost to the producer and user, but economy source-intensive technologies in favour of this report by the Science Council of from the point of view of the total system. less costly technologies that can achieve the Canada has had upon Canadian society. Designs should emphasize high perform same end. Since that meeting, I have had an op ance, under the constraints of safety, rel1- Design with thought for the rest of the portunity to review this statement, and ab111ty, low environmental impact, low en• system beyond the point-of-sale means de· ergy consumption, low cost of maintenance, signing for durability, ease of maintenance, would strongly urge my colleagues to also and an 'elegant parsimony' in the use of ma and low operating cost, with consideration review it. It is especially timely to review terials. High performance should be meas for the future recycling of the materials that this report while everyone is talking and ured in relation to the conditions of use. make up the product. Longer-life products thinking about energy conservation. Thus design should not be excessive to need, that can be achieved at the same cost or with Basically, the "Conserver Society" aims and should take into account the preferences little added cost will lessen the impact on to do more with less. The report, which and characteristics of the human user. All society's resources over the medium and long will follow these remarks in the CoNGREs of this must now be done in the context of term. SIONAL RECORD, briefly describes what this the total society and its institutions, as well Although we emphasize the responsib11ity be as with respect to the indiVidual user. Thus of the designer, the consumer must remain means and how it can done. the designer must give more attention to the the final arbiter, if we are to continue to re The report follows: pollutiOJ::l a product may create and to the gard Individual freedom of choice as one of TOWARD A CONSERVER SOCIETY: A STATEMENT recoverabutty of any scarce materials used our most important values. For consumer OF CONCERN in its construction. Though stlll guided by choice to be sovereign, rational, and able to We live in an advanced industrial society. the market and by various regulatory con play its role in the expression of conserver In the quest for e~er-increasing productivity, straints, the designer must be encouraged values, the consumer must be presented with we have been enormously successful. We have to exercise his or her own judgment and adequate and appropriate information. Con reduced labour's contribution to production; ethic. Only in this way shall we avoid pro sumers often do not realize that a lower price consequently, our capital base has grown gressing to a more and more bureaucratically paid at point of sale will be followed by rapidly-especially in the past thirty years. regulated society. higher operating costs over time, e.g., the In the jargon of economics, the labour to Looltlng at things in the context of the apparently cheaper refrigerator may be less capital ratio has changed. total system wlll require that the notions of well insulated and wtll use more electricity. We have moved slowly from an industrial productivity and efficiency be re-examined. Information on product durabil1ty can also system that sought to satisfy basic human Both terms have to be expanded to include be developed and pa...~ed on to the consumer. needs to one that seeks to satisfy ever more social considerations. Private productivity How long is a clothes washer or dishwasher exotic needs in ever more costly ways. We and accounting inherently look only at in· likely to last before a major repair becomes have come to expect from our industrial so ternal or private costs; proces!'es that are necessary. How can better design el1m1nate ciety fulfillment and satisfaction that is per very productive and eflicient from the pro those minor problenl.S that seem to crop up haps ~etter achieved through interpersonal ducer's point o! view may turn out to be in so many consumer goods? While often 7684 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 easy to fix, these are annoying and waste the offered by the supermarket, would be suffi that they wm yield little new energy or, in time of consumers. cient incentive in itself, without a consid some cases, that the net impact of new avail ATTITUDES: Thrift, saving, efficiency, and erable and wide-spread change from con able energy could be zero or negative. In avoidance of waste all played an important sumer to conserver attitudes. principle these considerations should be au role in the early days of the industrial revolu A conserver attitude will evolve either by tomatically impllci t in an economic analysis. tion. After some coughing and sputtering choice or by necessity. The high throughput But in view of the distorting effects of non the industrial machine has been developed system that disregards the small savings sim competitive pricing, interest rates, and bid to such a point that its accomplishments ply because they are smn.ll cannot be sustain den subsidies through taxes, tariffs, and so continue to exceed the dreams of earlier gen ed. The rising costs and prices of energy and on, it bas become advisable to carry out a erations. As a society, we have slipped into a energy-intensive products are signals that we parallel evaluation in te!:ms of the baste posture of ever-increasing expectations of must manage our industrial syetem more in physical quantity, energy itself. what our industrial-technological society can telligently. As a society we must ensure that Encouragement of Diversity: As production accomplish. The traditional values that for the success of industrialization does not lead grows in scale, its products tends to become merly guided individuals in their daily lives to excess and to a decrease in our collective more uniform and standardized. Innovation have, for a variety of reasons, come to be qualit y of life. often slows down or changes to a kind of regarded as passe. Why practice thrl!t, be Recognition of Total Costs: As much as marginal proliferation or 'product differen efficient, or avoid wasteful practices, when possible, prices in the market should reflect tiation' because of the large financial and we seem to have so much production, when external (social) costs as well as the direct human investment in the existing product our supermarkets and department stores int ernal (private) costs to the individual line. In a Conserver Society there would be seem to be bursting with products? WhY producer and consumer. To the extent that recognition of the social value of maintaining worry? Our governments seem to have the prices reflect only internal costs, when ex true diversity. Concepts drawn from the work ablllty to step in and build giant pipelines ternal costs are present, either the market of ecologists, as well as general systems ana and airports and to play prodigal host to falls as an allocating mechanism or it m1s lysts, draw attention to the positive value of international events of all types. allocates. If we wish to preserve the market diversity as the basts for fl.exiblllty, adapt We have become used to a high through place as the principal mechanism by which a ab111ty, and resilience in the society and its put consumer society that depends on ob free society expresses its priorities, we must systems. There may also be gains in total ef solescence, a high rate of consumer spending, assist rational choice by reducing as much ficiency when diversity allows products to be and an almost total disregard for waste as possible the self-deceptive elements. Ordi more closely adapted to need, and a greater both individually and socially. The realiza narily the consumer is not aware, for ex variety of local or dispersed resources and tion of limits to low-cost resources, of limits ample, when purchasing a canned sort drink talents to be put to use. The advantages of to environmental carrying capacitY. and of or a newspaper, that property taxes may have economies of scale that bring efficiencies as limits to purchasing and consumption capa to rise to cover the costs of disposal. To esti measured by specific producers must be bal billtles by citizens means that thrift, saving, mate social costs, a qualitative appreciation anced against the inflexibility and potential avoidance of waste, efficiency, and an ap may have to be considered in addition to fragilities associated with, for example, preciation of quality wm, once again, become such quantitative data as are available or monocultures in agriculture or any large important aspects of our lives. scale homogeneous system. can be developed. Better appreciation of ex We see examples in transportation, where In the early days of the industrial revolu ternal costs may be gained through such tion, individuals rarely looked farther than a system that relies on one large-scale com methodical approaches as 'technology as ponent is vulnerable to a more disastrous their own households; private habits of sessment• and 'environmental impact state thrift, for example, became a social virtue. form of failure than a system that is more ments.' diverse and offers a variety of ways to trans As we have matured-and some would hold By excluding external or social costs from that we are really a post-industrial society port people from point A to point B. Diversity market decisions, we have made environmen in energy means that a number of different we are coming to reallz.e that each individual tal deterioration and pollution an almost should again a5"Ume !=:Orne re"'nonsibilfty. energy sources can be deveioped to suit each necessary aspect of the process of economic unique situation, optimizing the use of local But now the individual must look beyond growth. When all costs are internalized (to the household to society as a whole. In fact, resources, as well as increasing resilience with a greater use of imagination, the total the greatest degree possible), we shall be against problems of supply in other regions, society can be seen as a 'household.' We all closer to making allocation decisions in a such as might be occasioned by labour dis draw on a common energy base, on a common knowledgeable way. As a society we wm have putes or Middle East politics. (Here, again, a resource pool, and on a common environ placed some measure on what amount of atr, careful balance must be maintained between mental carrying capacity. The habits of water, or noise pollution we are getting when the advantages of self-sufficiency and the ad thrift. saving, avoidance of waste, efficiency, we 'buy,' for example, a particular configura vantages of interdependence or mutual sup and an appreciation of quallty that all made tion of urban core or when we choose among port.) Diversity in energy also means that sense for the private household still make various transportation systems. A market research and development wlll maintain a sense for society as a whole. system based on total cost would stlll not be 'state of the art' competence in a wide variety Indeed, these individual attitudes are an perfect because it would not do away with of areas. To the extent that society is not essential precondition for a Conserver SOci the problem of individual choices and the 'locked in' to one energy system or another, ety. Unless individuals in their own behavlour general interest, i.e., when the benefits are a transition can easily be made to alternative strongly value thrift and conservation, and individually appropriable and the costs dis energy sources, should one system develop decry waste and exceliS, no amount of rules tributed (the 'tragedies of the commons'), problems of supply or of environmental 1m and regulation will accomplish the desired but a move in the right direction wo1,ld have pact. results, even if such rules could somehow be been made. Further development of the prin Diversity of choice for consumers is not legislated in the first place. ciple would probably result in special taxes the lllusory diversity that comes from pro Often many small wastes or costs that seem being justified in some cases, the tax being ducing a number of marginally different com trivial add up to an imnact of consequence. higher than the actual external cost, in order peting products (product differentiation), An extra sixty-watt bulb left burning every to provide the necessary incentive to choice. but is a genuine diversity that allows the evening in ten mlllion homes could run up When the total interest of society is con consumer to meet his or her unique needs, a total electric bill of $25 million, requiring sidered, it may be clear that the rate struc whether in housing, transportation, home the burning of 1.6 mlllion barrels of on in ture of an electric utility should be inverted, appliances, food, or whatever. The intent is electric power olant.c;. And turning- down the for example, to discourage the consumption to provide options, fl.exib111ty, and adapt thermostat 1 oc in winter time in those same of electricity above some reasonable level ablllty. ten million homes might save 5 per cent per rather than to encourage the high volume In housing and urban design, the develop year in heating costs, and in total another user to waste, as is generally the case at ment of new communications technologies ten mllllon or more barrels of on. Another present. The setting of a 'reasonable' level opens options for decentralization. These pos example is the use of the ubiquitous shop per capita or per dwe11ing wo11ld be fQirly sibilities wlll be enhanced by new tech ping bag in supermarkets. Rather than straightforward for domestic use but would, nologies for self-contained water, energy, thicker b"'tgs and sometimes us~ng two hags. of course, require some careful working out and sewage systems, and for small-scale one inside the otl"ler, consumers might be for the iT>dnstrial context. agriculture. The Conserver Society will thus willing to use a reusable, durable plastic net The fallacies o! basing choices on purely be able to experiment with new forms of bag. Whlle common ln Europe and elsewhere, financial accounting are apparent in the case settlement, wm likely revitalize low growth this type of carrying method has been re of energy supply, and 'net energy accounting' areas, and will find it not only possible but jeoted in North America, probably because, is now seen to be an essential supplement preferable to conserve productive farmland ln the high consumption setting. the oppor to traditional accounting methods. Rather near cltles by llmltlng sprawling growth in tuntttes for small economies tend to be than simnly estimating how much energy favour of growth and revitalization of the brushed aside. Yet 1! plastic reusable net can be made available from, say, nuclear city within a well-defined boundary. The ad bags were used, the imoact on total resource power or the oil sands, we must also take vantages of high urban density may still be use would be sl~nlficant. The savings to con into account how much energy from other sought, tor economies of distribution, trans sumers would be cumulatively useful, but it sources wm be needed to extract that new portation, energy use. or simply for gregari is doubtful whether the small economy on energy. Then we may see that some proposed ous excitement. but those advantages need each occasion (2 to 5 cents, say). even 1f new energy sources are really rather costly- no longer be so important for patterns of March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7685 work and domicile as to make inevitable the for their immediate descendants, though in Though some mineral resources are present problems of congestion and pollution. heritance taxes are reducing the weight of in vast quantities in the earth's crust, mount· Concern for the Future: One characteristic that consideration.) In urging considera ing energy costs, environmental damage, and of a Conserver Society wm be a greater con tion of a social discout rate, there is an ex capital shortages will ensure that limits w111 cern for the future. Rather than exploiting plicit recognition that there may be a di be reached, even while many resources are everything for today's benefits and leaving vergence in the time-horizon and, therefore, still potentially available. In the near future the future to fend for itself, society will be the concerns, of the individual investor and these limits may arise more from social and conscious of conserving resources and options society in general. political strains than from technological for future generations. The notion of introducing market distor limitations. Large capital investments, whether there tion is not without precedent. The federal For the world there is an overall ecosystem sult of a few high-level ~ecisions or the Department of Regional Economic Expansion and biosphere in dynamic equilibrium. The cumulative effect of many small apparently recognizes, through its program for 'desig regenerating capacity of renewable resources trivial decisions, determine the shape of the nated areas' in various provinces that societal and the assimilating capacity of the biosphere future for a long time and become very ex needs transcend strict market investment are finite. Though human society can develop pensive to modify. We now realize how a mul criteria. In this case, it is incentives or sub in many substantial ways, by using up its titude of small discrete decisions in housing, sidies that are needed to encourage capital capital stock of non-renewable resources, it offi.ce construction, and transportation. has expenditures, in regions that would other must ultimately come to terms with and live determined the size and shape of our urban wise be passed over. The social discount rate in a sustainable equilibrium with the bio centres and has profoundly affected our qual would differ in that it would be a negative sphere. ity of life. In some cases, decisions made for incentive and directed at particular re Since all nations depend on the same pool short-run economy have entailed escalating sources rather than at geographical regions. of resources and occupy the same planet, it is costs in the longer run. Yet such decisions, But the principle of modifying the market clear they must recognize the !act of their vital for Canada's future, cannot be put off. conditions for investment, in the long-term interdependence. Food distribution, popula Whether we are prepared or able to see their interest s of society as a whole, is the same. tion patterns, industrial growth, etc., will implications, such decisions are being taken Questioning of Demand: Traditional eco have to be harmonized in some way. The every day. The best we can do is be aware of nomic theory treated the demand for various uneven and sustained growth thrusts of in this, and attempt to build into the decision things as being directly related to the prefer dividual nations will have to be moderated framework not only a view of the future, but ences held by consumers. Demand, therefore, in favour of a more balanced global growth. the mechanisms that could allow for there was not to be questioned because to do so Food and energy 'crises' represent a forced versal or modification of decisions that prove would imply imposing a judgment on the recognition of the interdependent nature of to be unwise. Wherever possible, we should values held by individual consumers. We are our globe: ways must be developed to build build in flexibility, e.g., designing multiple now beginning to realize, however, that de in an ongoing recognition of the interdepend purpose schools, office buildings, dwelling mand may not always reflect the direct pref ence so that localized crises are averted and spaces. erence of individuals or institutions but may so that threat of an overall global crisis is Decisions made today will affect the be a byproduct of the particular technology. maintained. amount and quality of Canada's future re that has emerged. For example, the size and Planning, Government and Corporations: source supplies. The Conserver Society con engine capacity of the automobile determines We have suggested that a Conserver Society cern for resources flows directly from Science the demand for gasoline. Consumers and in must depend ultimately on the beliefs and Council Report No. 19, Natural Resource dustry only demand the quantity of gasoline attitudes of individuals. It is evident that Policy Issues -in Canada, which urged that they need to power the engines, which, it is much can be done by individual initiative, 'Canadians as individuals, and their govern now agreed, are unnecessarily large. Rat her by the ethical designer, the concerned indus ments, institutions, and industries, begin the than concentrating on simply expanding sup trialist, and by the intelligent consumer. transition from a consumer society preoccu ply to meet demand in every case, the ap Nevertheless, governments have unique re pied with resource exploitation to a conserver proach of the Conserver Society is to encour sponsibilities; government action is essential society engaged in more constructive en age an examination of why the demand is as to any real and lasting change in the ways deavours' {p. 39). large as it is and why it appears to grow at of a society. Nonrenewable resources, or resources re such a rapid rate. One outcome of the analysis Governments, as major consumers, can set newed only over long periods of time, merit would be to suggest ways in which trans an example and lead the way in the transi special attention. We currently allow the portation needs, for example, could be met by tion to a Conserver Society. They can examine vicissitudes of market conditions, which are other systems with a lower demand for fossil their own demands, cutting down expendi oriented toward the short term, to determine fuels. tures that are unnecessary, wasteful, or mere the rate of resource development and use. Other obvious concerns on the demand side ly expressions of bureaucratic inefficiency. A Resource development is at present treated would have to do with energy conservation Conserver Society is against the waste of as one of a number of choices competing for measures of all types. Attention would be di human labour and resources wherever it oc capital investment. In fact, indirect subsi rected to 'planned obsolescence,' a practice curs. Governments can take the lead in ap dies_ such as the depletion allowance often that has an impact on supplies of materials as plying conserver crt teria to their purchases, bias the choice toward the nonrenewable well as energy and that, of course, contributes insisting, for example, that buildings be de rather than the renewable, and toward the to society's solid waste disposal problem. {The signed to conserve energy, and that compo exploitation of virgin resources rather than demand for waste removal and garbage land nents have low environmental impact and recycling. A Conserver Society will have to fill sites is, in some part, related to our so low operating and maintenance costs as well consider whether such a resources policy is ciety's emphasis on high through-put of as low purchase price. Public transit cor stm appropriate. resources.) porations might, for instance, take total costs Increased recycling of materials of all types The debate stimulated by Limits to Growth into account by paying a premium for less and reduced exploitation of materials at and statements by the Club of Rome usually noisy buses. Both federal and provincial gov source can be achieved by emphasis on con leads policymakers to seek ways to increase ernments should introduce, as a necessary servation throughout design, production, and supply rather than to moderate demand-as first step, revised crt teria, covering external use of an article. Such behaviour is brought if demand were entirely exogenous and be cost considerations and total life-cycle costs, about most easily or mostly reliably if ap yond their concern. The resolution of many rattier than simply the impact upon this propriate incentives can be built into the of our current concerns about resource deple year's budget. The government criteria and system. An incentive with appropriate im tion, energy shortages, and environment al de st andards arrived at, and the data supplied pact might a social discount rate, which terioration requires that we understand bet by manufacturers to indicate compliance, would be applied to various priority re ter how and why the demand for various should be made publlc. sources. The intent would be to make invest goods has come to be. We think that much As producers, governments in a Conserver ment opportunities for certain resources demand for resources and energy follows from Society would restrain their own tendencies slightly less attract ive, by effectively lower patterns of technological choice. More con to grow, and would refrain from promoting ing the rate of return, thus slowing the pace serving types of technology would reduce de the use of their services, in the same way that of development and exploitation to help mand and alleviate present and projected they would expect a government-like corpora ensure that future Canadians would have supply shortages. tion such as an electric utlllty to respond to access to resources at reasonable costs. Going further, the Conserver Society would consumer demand but not to artificially The rationale for deliberately introducing a carefully examine the role played by the ad stimulate it. Here, just as in the advertising distortion into the market system arises from vertising, marketing, and packaging indus of commercial products, one must draw a fine a questioning of the structure of interest tries in shaping the demand for various pri line between the role of advertising to inform rates and rates of return. Historically, the mary and secondary commodities. Those de the consumer that a product or service is time-horizon on which the theory of interest mands that are high and rising because of the available, and the persuading of the consum rates has depended has been the life time stimulants of advertising and market pnJmo er that he or she has a desperately unfulfilled of the investor. An individual considers tion should be questioned since they may im need. Education is perhaps one or those gov capital investment opportunities and cal pose too high a burden on society's resources. ernment-provided services where the institu culates expected rates of return. The outer The Finite World and Global Interdepend tional urge to promote its own growth may time limit tends to be the span of his or her ence : The Conserver Society recognizes the often lead it to expand in excess o! the real own life. (Some investors take thought also necessity of treating the world as finite. need or at least to expand certain institu- CXXIII--483-Part 6 7686 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 tlonal forms of education when other modes served for government. A multitude of cor offer courses in specialty areas like elec might be more effective. porate decisions to allocate resources in The expression of governments• responsi ways that corporations see fit, and the ability tronics. bility is, in large part, seen in the legislation to raise prices (because of oligopolistic mar The inadequacies of the school cur parliaments pass, in the types and rate of kets characterized by price rigidity and 'fol riculums bring into focus the problems taxation imposed, and in the policies of the low-the-leader pricing') mean that there which public education suffers within regulatory agencies. Existing laws, taxes, exists the abiUty to 'tax' the consumer to Memphis and across the Nation. tariffs, and regulations need to be carefully pay for those activities considered to be vital reviewed, so as to ensure that they neither I hope that we in Congress face up to to the corporation. It is little wonder that our responsibility of seeing to it that create incentives to waste nor act as impedi there appears to be no end to the growth of ments to conservation. For example, indus shopping centres, office complexes, corpo every young man and woman in America trial representatives often complain that rate travel, conventions, business travel-the has access to a first rate education. A they are forced into wastefUl and more re corporate sector (called 'the planning sec vast reservoir of potential, such as that source-using forms of behaviour by the tor' by Galbraith) has become, in effect, 11ke of the Flippin brothers, rests untapped. structure of tariffs or freight rates or some government. Potential which is not developed into other regulatory dictate. To state the problem does not mean that a professional excellence and achievement A traditional complaint is that govern solution can be developed wit h equal fac111ty. ments appear to have almost unlimited pow is a future waste which we cannot a:tford. However, by attempting to demonstrate the It gives me great pleasure to share with ers to expand. The power to tax and borrow magnitude of the problem we hope that dis from the central bank (to print money) has cussion will lead to both a better under my colleagues in the House the details allowed for an almost unchecked ablllty on standing and an ab111ty to control what ap of Michael and Calvin's interesting scien the part of the federal government to expand pears to be a runaway process. It is this tific endeavor: its services and faclllties. The limits are those runaway process, sometimes downplayed by [From the Memphis (Tenn.) Press-Scimitar, set by the capacity of the economy itself. Feb. 11, 1977] • Pressing upon those limits leads to condi those who say it is just 'the system') that tions of scarcity and increases in the prices contributes to an ever-faster pace of life, INVENTIVE BROTHERS BUILD COMPLEX of products. In short, government expansion growth and distortion of urban centres and ROBOT MONSTERS provides impetus to speeding up the (By Ruth Jacquemine) is seen to be one of the causes of inflation. through-put of resources and leads to ever Government must realize the enormous pow higher demands for energy. When Calvin Flippin was 8, he picked up er it possesses and the extent to which its some "dead" Christmas tree lights, "fooled actions affect the allocation of resources tn We realize that a complex system cannot around" with a battery and made the lights be adequately described 1n a few paragraphs. the economy. By and large, its actions are not work. sensitive to the checks and balances of a Prescriptions !or change are difficult to put "It made me !eel so good," said Calvin, market system. forth at this time. Both governm~nts and now 13. "I yelled, 'I'm a scientist, I'm a scien the corporate planning sectors need to rec Economists such as J. K . Galbraith have tist.'" recently demonstrated that government 1s ognize their potential power. Government has a multifaceted role in a Conserver So That's the way Calvin remembers the be not the only power node in our society that ginning of his electronics career. has the ab111ty to plan, build, and allocate ciety setting: to act as wise consumer, to promote and protect the common good, to Calvin and his brother, Michael, 11, sons of resources without encountering the tradi the Rev. Columbus Flippin, a Baptist minis tional checks and balances of the market enact legislation that promotes the efficient use of resources and energy, and to review ter, and Mrs. Flippin of 227 B Market Mall, are place. There eXists another whole segment the center of interest at Humes Junior High of societal activity that is relatively insen existing legislation, regulations, and other policies carefully to ensure that waste is not School just now as creators of an aluminum sitive to market pressures. Consider the foil monster named Adam II that walks and bullding of luxury hotels, extensive conven built in to the system of rules and regula tions that guide and govern the actions of talks. It's a robot, junior high style. tion centres, the growing amount of bust Adam is the second robot built by the ness-related airline travel, expensive and both corporate and private citizens of Canada. Flippin brothers and a third, more-sophistl well-furnished office buidllngs. Who pays for ca ted model is in the making. The next one all of this? Who decides that society's re CONCLUSIONS: The transition to a Con not only will walk and talk, says Calvin, it sources shoUld be allocated in this fashion? server Society does not mean that we are go will be able to think as well. To answer the last question first, it can be ing Into a period of austerity and shortages. The Flippin boys, like others at Humes, shown that decisions are taken to erect ex In fact, it is the reverse. Only by adopting have bad only a smattering of science in pensive monuments (office buildings) know a more rational and conserving approach to struction. But Calvin, the inventor, declares ing that corporations or governments Will the common energy, resource, and environ he has read a whole raft of books on elec lease the space at the preva1Ung costs and mental pool that sustains us all, can we en tronics. that there exists the ability to pass on to thP. sure a continuing high standard of living for "I guess I have read every book on elec taxpayer and/or the consumer the cost of future generations. tronics in the school library and in the pub such office space. The taxpayer pays via taxes He library, too," be said. or, when there is inflation, through a loss in Calvin's brush with robots bas been mint- the purchasing power of the dollar and the mal. · consumer pays for such activities in the cost INVENTIVE BROTHERS Calvin bas never seen a robot, except for of products. The ab1llty to pass on the cost his two, first, and then Adam II, a fact which of such activities to "other" segments of so could account for Adam II's unestbetic ciety means that the market system does not appearance. serve its function properly allocating re HON. HAROLD E. FORD The box-like gadget is made of strong sources. OF TENNESSEE paper board and sheathed in toll, wears blue Decisions to buy products tn the market IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ught caps for eyes and a buzzer mouth. A place ( automoblles, groceries, legal services, wide-open slit in its chest says, "Hello," in etc.) give rise to other decisions that the Tuesday, March 15, 1977 primitive print, but the voice (Calvin's original consumer never considered and over through transmission) comes from a speaker which be or she bas no control. The cor Mr. FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, poration can plan to hold an annual sales a recent edition of the Memphis Press on top of the robot's head. meeting in a remote vacation setting, send Scimitar contained a story about Calvin The electronic panel that controls the mon people to all parts of the globe, lease and Flippin, 13, of the Eighth District of Ten ster is made from four pieces of paneling and lavishly furnish expensive office space, em nessee. contains countless tiny copper wire nesting bark on an expensive advertising campaign Young Flippin, son of a Baptist minis together like a bowl of spaghetti. with the knowledge that these costs can be Calvin, who takes the lead with Michael passed on to the final consumer. Important ter, created an electronic aluminum following ln his wake, is knowledgeable about macro-allocation decisions are taken that af foiled robot, with the help of his 11- the household or industrial uses for the va fect us all but are, tn large part, Immune year-old brother, Michael, on a very rious robot parts he picked up at an elec from market pressures. Shopping centres, modest budget. Upon talking with their tronics retail store at a total cost o! $42.34. air-conditioned and heated shopping malls, mother, I learned that the Flippin broth Calving made his first robot, Mr. Metric, as a math class project, to lecture on the expensive hotel space, etc. are all bullt ers financed this project with money they metric system to the class. knowing that someone, somewhere, will pay received as gifts from family and friends. The next robot, says Calvin, will be pro- for the cost of these acttvltles. Economists The brothers who live in public hous have a way of expressing this: We are living grammed and speak !rom a tape recording of in a 'cost-plus• economy. Costs that are in ing, attend Humes Junior High Scho<;>l his voice. It wlll be eight feet tall and cost curred are passed along through t)le prlc of the Memphis city schools. As the artl about $80. , cing system to the ultimate consumer. cle points out, Calvin read nearly every But it wm never come to pass 1f Calvin s We see a trend emerging where other book on electronics in his school library. and Michael's grades don't hold up. That's power nodes. now possess the powers once re- Unfortunately, schools like Humes do not orders from their father, pastor o! Old Land- March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7687 mark Missionary Baptist Church. They're al· is the basic law dealing with food additives, AGRICULTURAL DISASTER RELIEF ready spending about two hours a day on drug safety and effectiveness, and cosmetic AND THE EMERGENCY FEED ACT robots. products. It has been amended several times. Calvin isn't sure whether the computer One such amendment is the Delaney amend monster man would be good or bad for man ment of 1958, specifying that "No additive HON. JAMES ABDNOR kind's future. shall be deemed safe if it is found to induce OF SOUTH DAKOTA "In one way I'm for it, in another way cancer when ingested by man or animal." I'm against it," he said. "It could make men Rep. James J. Delaney of New York pushed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lazy, like a calculator that makes. them not through that amendment by virtue of his po Tuesday, March 15, 1977 use their brain. But, then, you could send a sition on the House Rules Committee, even robot to do what a thousand men could do." though many of his colleagues felt at the Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker today I And even that could be bad, reflected Cal time that the amendment's language was too have introduced H.R. 5041 to authorize vin, when you consider how machines could comprehensive. a program to provide assistance in areas throw men out of work. Indeed the major problem with the Delaney where feed for livestock or poultry is "Man has made his own extinction," he amendment is that it makes no quantitative scarce as a result of a natural disaster. concluded philosophically. distinctions, Thus, when a recent Canadian test showed that some rats on a diet of 5 This bill is an improved version of H.R. per <:ent pure saccharin for their entire lives 4249 which I introduced on March 2. developed bladder cancer while in a control The text of the bill follows: BAN ON SACCHARIN group the incidence of such cancer was sig H.R. 5041 nificantly lower, the FDA in compliance with A bill to authorize the Secretary of Agricul the law had to issue the saccharin ban. ture to establish an improved emergency HON. THOMAS B. EVANS, JR. Future tests may well reveal that saccharin program to provide assistance in areas is a significant carcinogen and that we are OF DELAWARE where feed for livestock or poultry is well off without it. But for the time being all scarce as a result of a natural disaster IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES that the Canadian study shows is that if rats Be it enacted by the Senate and House Tuesday, March 15, 1977 ingest a massive amount of saccharin-the equivalent for humans of 800 diet sodas a oj Representatives oj the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Mr. EVANS of Delaware. Mr. Speaker, day throughout a lifetime-then some rats Act may be cited as the "Emergency Feed few Federal regulations in recent years develop cancerous tumors. Commonsense Act of 1977". have in my opinion been more absurd would make one expect serious illness of some sort from such overconsumption of any die Sec. 2. (a) Notwithstanding any other or nonsensical than the recently pro provision of law, the Secretary of Agricul posed ban on saccharin. This ban, if al tary item. ture (hereinafter referred to as the "Secre lowed to go into effect, will cause both The Delaney amendment then must be tary") may implement an emergency pro faulted for fa111ng to address itself to tol gram for the purpose of assisting persons inconvenience to the general public and erance levels. It also overlooks the distinction severe hardship on people, such as dia described in subsection (b) in maintaining between man and animal. Products that in and preserving livestock or poultry in areas betics, who need a sugar substitute. Stud duce cancer in rats do not necessarily have of the United States (including Puerto Rico ies have shown that a person would have the same effect on humans. and the Virgin Islands) where the Secre to drink the equivalent of 800 dietetic Respected scientists have for years urged tary determines that an emergency exists sodas a day to have a chance of contract modification of the Delaney language. In because of flood, drought, fire, hurricane, ing cancer. Drinking 800 bottles of any 1969 when another artificial sweetener, cycla earthquake, storm, disease, insect infesta thing, even water, could have a harmful mate, bit the dust, Dr. Roger E. Egeberg, then tion, or other natural disaster. assistant secretary for health and scientific (b) Assistance under this Act shall be effect on your health. To ban its chemical affairs, pointed out that scientific measure based solely on these massive doses is made available only to bona fide farmers and ment techniques had improved 1,000-fold ranchers who are primarily and directly en simply crazy. since the Delaney amendment was written gaged in agricultural operations involved Unfortunatelv, however, the ultimate and that this made the general language of With breeding, raising, fattening, or mar blame for this proposed regulation must the amendment obsolete. keting livestock (including cattle, hogs, lie with Congress. In 1958. the Congress But the Delaney amendment still stands, sheep, goats, horses, and buffalo) and poul passed the Delaney amendment which cyclamate is still off the shelves (as are try (including chickens, turkeys, ducks, and said without exception that "no additive other products) where it may soon be joined geese). In the case of corporations or part by saccharin, and people and industries that nershir->s engaged in such an agricultural shall be deemed safe if it is found to in rely on artificial sweeteners are wondering duce cancer when ingested by man or operation, such a!'sistance shall be provided what their next moves sboula be. only when a majority interests in such animal." According to the FDA, no other artificial corooration or partnershio is held by stock In my opinion, this language is so sweetener is ready for licensing and mar holders or partners who themselves are pri broad that it is literally unworkable. Cer keting. Does this mean that diabetics wlll marily and directly engaged in such opera tainly none of us want to see potentially have no sweetened food available to them? tion. hazardous food additives being used. Probably not, for there is talk of making SEc. 3. (a) Assistance in the form of re However, I believe the Delaney language saccharin available on a prescription basis. imbursements described in subsection (b) No doubt this will push up costs. of this section shall be made to any person should be broadened to give the Food and How about other consumers who have Drug Administration greater :flexibility described in section 2 (b) who- been using artificial sweeteners or products (1) has (A) suffered, as a result of the con and latitude to make a reasonable de with artificial sweeteners (diet sodas, etc.) ditions caused by the natural disaster, a cision based on all the facts. The Delaney for reasons of weight control? Will they re substantial loss of feed normally produced on a~mendment makes no distinction be turn to ~w~ar us?•Ze, weight gain, and P0\1- his farm for the purpose of feeding his live tween man and anim!'!l, nor does it ad sible ailments connected with weight gain'? stock or poultry, as determined by the Secre dress itself to reasonable tolerance levels Perhaps most worrisome from the hea~th tary, or (B) has incurred, as a result of the for humans of certain chemicals such as point of view is the suggestion by some diet conditions caused by the natural disaster, soda producers that they will "reformulate" significantly higher costs (taking into ac saccharin. I strongly hope that the House and wlll have low-calorie products available will tRke action to correct the deficien count market prices for feed outside the as saccharin usage is phased out. What assur emergency area) in obtaining the feed he cies which are now present: in the current ance is there that this mysterious new form normally purchases for such livestock or law. ula will not be more harmful than the sac poultry as determined by the Secretary; and Mr. Speaker. the editorlal of March 13, charin which has been in use since the turn (2) had an insufficient supply of feed and, 1977. which appeared in the Wilmington of the century? therefore, had to purchase feed in increased Sunday News Journal does a fine job in Before the saccharin ban is supposed to go quantities or at increased costs, as a result placing this issue in proper perspective. into full effect this summer, there is time of the conditions caused by the natural for cooler heads to prevail. The Congress can dlsa.c;ter, in order to feed his livestock; ex I include it in the RECORD at the conclu amend the Delaney amendment. The FDA, sion of my remarks: cept that, in determining whether such pur if stlll convinced of the potential harm cha.c:e of feed was neces~ary, the Secretary BITTERSWEET from saccharin, might then be able to re shall not take into consideration feed nor Don't jump on the Food and Drug Admin quire a warning label similar to that for manv grown and available to the per~on for istration for its impending h'l.n on the artl cigarettes. seeding purposes or for !':ale to others who use fi.cial sweetener saccharin. Jump on your con What hapoened with saccharin last week the fee1 for l"eedlng purposes. gressmen instead for not havtng seen fit to is another unfortunate example of overreg (b) The Secretarv shall orovide reimburse change the law that makes this kind of ban ulation forced upon a. federal a.gencv by an ments to elie:ible persons for expenses incur not only possible, but actually mandatory. outdated law. Isn't it time that Congress red ln purcha..c;ing feed for their livestock The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 extricate us from this foolishness? or poultry. Except as provided ln subsection 7688 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 (c) or this section, any such reimbursement such reimbursement shall not exceed the First of all, there should be a single office shall net exceed- amount such person would have received if in the Department of Agriculture whose (1) 50 percent or the cost (including a he had applied !or assistance under section purpose is to coordinate and oversee agricul reasonable charge for transportation costs as 3. tural disaster relief programs. Many of the determined by the Secretary) of the feed SEC. 5. The Secretary may assist persons problems with these programs have stemmed which was purchased by such person to re eligible for assistance under this Act in locat from the lack of such coordination and over place the feed he normally would have had as ing available sources of feed for livestock and sight. There are eight programs, administered a result of growing such feed on his own poultry. In making such assistance avail and four agencies and two departments, with farm if the natural disaster had not oc able, the Secretary shall attempt to minimize which v.re have dealt and I will briefly dis curred; and adverse economic impacts on market prices cuss a few of the problems we have experi (2) 50 percent of the increase in the cost for food outside the area. affected by the con enced with them. of feed (including a reasonable charge for ditions caused by the emergency. The Farmers Home Administration transportation costs as determined by the SEc. 6. The Secretary shall carry out the (FmHA), USDA's lender of last resort, ad Secretary) normally purchased by such per program authOI:,ized by this Act through the ministers the Emergency Loan and Emer son to feed his livestock or poultry, 1f such Community Credit Corporation. gency Livestock Credit programs. increase was caused by the conditions created SEc. 7. The Secretary may issue such rules The Emergency Loan Program provides in the emergency. and regulations as he determines necessary financial assistance to farmers to cover ac (c) In determining the amount of feed to carry out the provisions of this Act. tual production losses. The interest rate for with respect to which assistance may be SEc. 8. Any person who disposes of any this program is 5 percent, and the biggest made to any person, the Secretary shall pro feed, for which he has been reimbursed problem with it has been the red tape in vide that-- under this program, in any manner other volved in qualifying. FmHA maintains that (1) such amount of feed shall not exceed than as authorized by the Secretary, shall be the 5-year production history they have re an amount necessary to feed the number (or subject to a penalty equal to the market quired for application for assistance under equivalent animal units) of livestock or value of the feed involved, to be recovered this program is mandated by provisions in poultry which would have been held by the by the Secretary in a civ11 suit brought the law itself, but such recordkeeping re person in the absence of the conditions for that purpose, and, in addition, shall be quirements have proven impossible for many caused by the natural disaster; except that guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction farmers to meet. Also, state and local FmHA the livestock or poultry need not be the same thereof shall be subject to a fine of not more ofiicials have told us that such extensive livestock or poultry held prior to the com than $1,000 or imprisonment of not more records are a needless source of aggravation mencement of the conditions created by the than one year. to farmers and that the program could oper natural disaster, and the Secretary shall not SEc. 9. The fifth and sixth sentences of sec ate very well without them. establish any minimum time of ownership tion 407 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 The Emergency Livestock Credit program of such livestock or poultry as a condi provides loan guarantees for stockmen who U.S.C. 1427), section 421 of the Agricultural are unable to obtain the financing required tion of eligibility; and Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1433), and the Act en (2) such amount of feed shall be sufficient to remain in business without such assist titled "An Act to authorize the sale at cur ance. The interest rate is negotiated between to feed, during the period of the emergency, rent support prices of agricultural commod the number of livestock described in para the borrower and the lender, and the major ities owned by the Commodity Credit Cor problem with the program has been that to graph (1) of this subsection in the manner poration to provide feed for livestock in areas in which the person normally would have fed a stockman in financial trouble, additional determined to be emergency areas, and for financing at a higher rate of interest is like his livestock or poultry on a dally basis if ather purposes", approved September 21, the emergency conditions had not existed. throwing an anchor to a drowning man. SEc. 4. (a) In lieu of the assistance de 1959, as amended (73 Stat. 574, 7 U.S.C. 1427 Still, this program •has been all that has scribed in section 3, the Secretary may pro note) are hereby repealed. allowed some stockmen to remain in busi vide assistance described in paragraphs (1) Mr. Speaker, today I also appeared before ness. Although only improved market prices and (2) of subsection (b) of this section to the Subcommittee on Conservation and can make up for the lack of assistance with persons who transported or sold their live Cret1it in support of H.R. 5041 and other interest rates and improved market prices stock or poultry as a result of the conditions improvements in agricultural disaster relief will make this program obsolete, it should caused by the natural disaster and who programs. The remarks I directed to their be preserved for the aid it has provided to would have been eligible for assistance under attention follow and I urge my colleagues to a few. section tJ if they had not so transported or lend their favorable consideration to legis USDA's Agricultural Stabilization and sold such livestock or poultry. lative proposals which the Agriculture Com Conservation Service ( ASCS) administered the defunct Emergency Livestock Feed pro (b) ( 1) In the case of any ellgible person mittee may recommend in this regard. who, because of the conditions caused by the gram and now performs the local adminis THE HONORABLE JAMES ABDNOR BEFORE THE trative duties !or the Hay Transportation natural disaster, has transported his live Assistance, Livestock Transportation Assist stock to an area outside the emergency area CONSERVATION AND CREDtt SUBCOMMITTEE, COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE ance, and Emergency Feed programs, which for the purpose of feeding them during the have been implemented by the Federal Dis period of the emergency, the Secretary shall Mr. Chairman and members of the Subcom mittee, I commend and thank you for hold aster Assistance Administration. FDAA is an reimburse such person for- agency of the Department of Housing and (A) 50 percent of any fee charged for leas ing this hearing to discuss the drought sit uation and shortcomings of assistance pro Urban Development; and, if you're wonder ing the land on which the livestock grazed ing how HUD got mixed up in transporting during the period of the emergency; and grams and to hear proposals and ideas for and feeding cows, perhaps I can explain. (b) 100 percent of the cost of transporting emergency disaster assistance to farmers. I In July of last year I wrote then Secre the livestock back to the place from which come before you not as one who thinks he tary Butz asking him to consider alterna they were originally transported; has all the answers but as one who has had tives to the old Emergency Livestock Feed except that such reimbursement shall not a lot of experience with the problems. program under which ASCS provided oats to exceed the amount such person would have I would venture a guess that few, if any, disaster stricken stockmen. The oats had received if he had applied for assistance of my colleagues have had the misfortune of been acquired by the Commodity Credit under section 3. having to deal simultaneously with drought, Corporation under the price support pro flood, and winter weather disasters as I have. gram in years past, and it was evident that (2) In the case of any ellgible person who, Of course, market prices for farm products because of the conditions caused by the CCC's remaining stocks would not be suffi have also been at disastrous levels consider cient to see my constituents through what disaster, sold any livestock or poultry and ing inflated production costs, but no program later replaced them with livestock or poultry has been the worst drought on record in has yet come into play to deal with that par many parts of South Dakota. There were of simUar nature and quality, the Secretary ticular problem (except the commodity loan shall reimburse any such person, for each numerous glaring problems with the pro program insofar as it assists farmers in hold gram that I felt should be addressed as well. livestock or poultry so sold and replaced, an ing their grain in anticipation ot higher amount equal to-- The oats ran out as expected before USDA prices). could come up with a replacement program. (A) 100 percent of the increase in the na To those of us who have watched the de My South Dakota congressional colleagues, tional average market price, if any, of such velopment of the disastrous conditions in Governor Kneip, and mysel! were successful Uvestock or poultry between the time of sale South Dakota and the Federal response to ln persuading the Federal Disaster Assist and the time of replacement of the livestock them, it is obvious that an overhaul ot exist ance Administration to implement a similar or poultry; plus ing programs ls needed to provide a compre program under their broad authorities pro (B) 50 percent of the difference between hensive and unified agricultural disaster re vided by the Disaster Relief Act. Despite the the amount determined under subparagraph lief assistance program which is both effec fact ASCS is administering the program lo (A) ot this paragraph and an amount de tive and efficient and, at the same time, equi cally, FDAA is not really comfortable with rived by subtracting (i) the actual amount table to all farmers in the disaster area. it nor do I believe HOD knows much about of money received by the person for the sale That's a mighty tall order which I realize is feeding livestock. of the llvestock or poultry, from (U) the easter said than done. I do have a number In December of last year I asked Secretary actual amount expended by such person to of suggestions which we have learned through Knebel to furnish a draft bill which would replace them with livestock or poultry of hard experience, however, and I offer them amend USDA's authority for the old Emer simUar nature and quality; except that any for your consideration. gency Livestock Feed program to allow con- March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7689 tlnued assistance to stockmen in need of eligible producers in locating available sup leagues a very special gentleman who feed, despite the depletion of CCC's stocks. plies of feed and directed to do so in a fash resides in my congressional district. He Specifically, I asked that the legislation pro ion which minimizes to the degree possible is George A. McClain of Pearblossom, vide assistance to any stockman in a de the adverse impacts on feed prices outside clared disaster area who has a demonstrable the emergency area. Calif., and he has recently celebrated loss of and need for feed so that he might Mr. Chairman, I truly believe this amended his lOlst birthday. purchase such feed through commercial version of my bill (H.R. 4249) and your own Age is no barrier to Mr. McClain in channels. I suggested that the level of such (H.R. 4295) will provide an excellent emerg leading an active life. He enjoys driving assistance be set at 50 percent of the cost of ency feed program, and I recommend its his car, and, in fact, is one of only two feed delivered to the farmer's stock. adoption in the strongest possible terms. people in the State of California who Further, I asked that the financial means Merely getting the program out of HUD and holds a driver's license at his age. test be eliminated so that assistance can be into USDA, where it belongs, will help; but made available to all disaster stricken stock adoption of the additional provisions I have A native of North Carolina, George men on an equitable basis. Such a financial addressed will ensure that the new program McClain has lived in the Antelope Val means test had been required under the old avoids the pitfalls of the past. ley for 27 years. One of 15 children him progr$lm and had proven to be extremely In concluding, I should mention the two self, he has three daughters, 13 grand unworkable and unfair due to the impossi major programs of assistance to drought children, numerous great-grandchildren, b111ty of determining just what is "undue stricken grain farmers. They are, of course, and a great-great-granddaughter. financial hardship." The new program under the Disaster (yield deficiency) Payment and Many of the McClain clan gathered FDAA's authority has no such test and is the Federal Crop Insurance programs. Both far superior in thiS respect. programs have been of considerable help to at the paternal home to help in the cele Recently Secretary Bergland provided a farmers, but both can be improved. bration of this momentous occasion. I am draft of the bill I had requested in Decem The Disaster Payment program is based sure that my colleagues joins with me and ber, and I introduced it on March 2nd as on the allotment system, which is badly out members of the family in wishing H.R. 4249 (even though I felt it to be in of date; and, as a result, is grossly unfair to George McClain a very happy 101st adequate in several respects). Chairman many farmers. Furthermore, the payments it birthday and many more tc come. Jones introduced an identical bill (H.R. provides are nowhere near the cost of pro 4295) on the same day, and I am pleased duction. Amending the program to include all that the Subcommittee is taking this oppor "planted" acres, rather than just "allotment" tunity to consider this important and use acres, will help; but even so, it will not pro THE BITTER VERDICT AGAINST ful legislation. Stnce I introduced H.R. 4249, vide adequate protection. however, we have given additional thought It seems that the only likely means where SACCHARIN to its shortcomings and I have today intro by farmers can be afforded the protection duced an improved version. The improve they need is through an expanded and im ments which are included in the bill I intro proved Federal Crop Insurance program. Cur HON. PAUL S. TRIBLE, JR. duced today are as follows: rently the program only covers certain crops OF VIRGINIA (1) Additional livestock-that ls hogs, in certain areas. In drought emergency areas IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES horses, and buffalo--will be eligible for FCIC has stopped accepting any new appli assistance. cations at all due to the impact the increased Tuesday, March 15, 1977 (2) Poultry will be eligible for assistance. liability could have on the premiums on ex Mr. TRIDLE. Mr. Speaker, I would (3) Persons eligible for assistance must be isting insurees in the years to come. The solu like to share with my colleagues an excel primarily and directly involved in the pro tion to the latter problem is H.R. 4289, which duction of eligible livestock or poultry (this I have co-sponsored with Congressman Hage lent editorial from the New York Times provision is consistent With the Emergency dot:n. to provide that the increased liability of Friday, March 11, 1977. This editorial Livestock Credit Act). of new insurees in an emergency area be faulted the recent Food and Drug Ad ( 4) Grain needed for seed will not be borne by the Treasury. ministration ban on saccharin. counted against a producer's need for live The program itself must be broadened and The editorial identifies the real cul stock or poultry feed. expanded to encourage the maximum par prit in this unwarranted action as the ( 5) Those who purchased feed due to the ticipation, however, and it appears the best 1958 Delaney amendment to the basic emergency but prior to the Secretary's de way to do so is to subsidize a portion-such FDA statute. This amendment eliminated termination that an emergency exists will be as one-quarter to one-third--of the premium. distinctions among foods on the basis of ensured of being eligible for assistance. Estimates are that even considering ~he cost (6) Producers who have purchased feed in of the subsidy the program would save the the degree of danger which they posed the past as a part of their normal operation Treasury money over the cost of the Disaster to humans. As a result, the FDA must will be eligible for assistance equal to 50 Payment program and would at the same time now make its ridiculous rulings such as percent of the increase in cost of such feed provide farmers with better coverage. last week's ban on saccharin. I believe purchases attributable to the emergency. I would suggest that farmers be given the this ban should be lifted. (7) Transportation expenses will be spe option of participating in one program or The full text of the editorial follows: cifically included as a portion of the cost of the other, but they should be encouraged to feed purchased and the assistance provided participate in the insurance program and THE BITTER VERDICT AGAINST SACCHARIN wlll be 50 percent of the delivered cost of thereby help to insure themselves against The Food and Drug Administration had no such feed. · production lo!i'ses. Farmers should be allowed option but to ban the use of saccharin in (8) Assistance equal to 50 percent of the to insure their full cost of production or such foods and beverages when Canadian tests cost of forage rental outside the emergency lower level as they may choose, and their showed that some rats fed large amount of area and the full cost of transporting eligible premiums would be adjusted accordingly. the substance developed cancer. Since 1958 livestock back to their normal location will Mr. Chairman and members of the Sub there has been a statute-the Delaney be provided if doing so is more economical committee, I deeply appreciate the oppor Amendment to the basic F.D.A. statute than paying 50 percent of the delivered cost tunity to appear before you and di':'cuss these which flatly bans any food additive that, in of feed. vital issues. We have just had some badly its words, "is found to induce cancer when (9) If the producer determines it is in his needed moisture delivered to us in South ingested by man or animal . . ." The law best interest to sell his livestock or poultry Dakota along with some f'evere winter weath admits no qualifications. For example, the and replace them after the emergency con er in parts of the State. I hone that it signals fact that reputable research with monkeys ditions have abated, assistance will be pro the end of the drought which has pla~ued us. disclosed no abnormalities after they had vided to insure him against increases in the I know, though, that there will again be the been given large does of saccharin for 6Y2 national market price and 50 percent of the need for the programs we are discussing years cannot even be taken into account. amount by which his actual loss from the here today, and I urge your action on the Saccharin has been used for about 80 years, sale and repurchase of eligible livestock or specific programs and problems I have with no evidence that it has ever produced poultry may exceed the increase in the na addressed. a single cancer in a single human being. The tional market price. rats whose tumors caused the F.D.A. to act (10) An eligible producer is specifically were fed diets containing 5 percent sac prohibited from receiving assistance for more GEORGE A. McCLAIN CF.LEBRATES charin. livestock or poultry than he would have held A human would have to drink 800 12- in absence of the emergency assistance pro lOlST BffiTHDAY ounce bottles of diet soda daily every day gram, but they need not be the same live of life to ingest a quantity of saccharin stock or poultry and no minimum time of HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM comparable to that fed the unfortunate rats. ownership can be established. Yet diabetics and other who cannot or should ( 11) The Secretary is directed to provide OF CALIFORNIA not ingest normal sugar are being denied assistance for an adequate supply of feed to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their last known legal sweetener on the basis maintain eligible livestock or poultry in the Tuesday, March 15, 1977 of that unrealistic "test of safety." condition they would have been maintained The defects of the Delaney Amendment in absence of the emergency. Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, I would go beyond the fate of saccharin--or, earlier, (12) The Secretary is r~outhorized to assist like to bring to the attention of my col- of cyclamates which were banned on similar 7690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 evidence. The unqualified nature of the equipment exemption, and eliminates the But Texans did vote for Ramsey. Folks ln Delaney Amendment prohibits rat ional de oil and. gas well exemption. his beloved San Augustine twice elected him cision making. In effect, it says that if any Moreover, Minish's measure would provide state representative. After six years out to risk of cancer can be demonstrated, then substantial penalties for late filings and practice law, he was elected twice as state that is that. There is no room for weighing non-filings with the Renegotiation Board, senator. the benefits of saccharin or whatever other give the Board Chairman executive author In 1949, Gov. Beauford H. Jester appointed substance is involved against its costs. Yet ity, the Board and its regional arms sup Ramsey secretary of state, and the next year such cost-benefit analysis is basic to any poena power, and would require audits of all he won election as lieutenant governor over sensible judgment. filings with the Board. At present, the great a. formidable field in the Democratic pri The saccharine decision points up the majority of contractor filings are not subject mary. weakness of the Delany Amendment, which even to a rudimentary audit, and studies Five elections later, Ramsey was stlll lieu has long needed replacement by a more have indicated that profits reported to the tenant governor-longer than any person in balanced effort to protect the public against Board are often understated in an effort by Texas history-and a living legend in Texas carcinogens. contractors to retain excessive profits. politics for the droll and skillful manner in "The glaring loopholes which allow the which he presided over the state senate. big corporations to reap excessive profits at A young reporter asked Ramsey "when the expense of the American people con does the senate come to order?" Without RENEGOTIATION REFORM ACT tinue in force," Minish said. "I am hopeful blinking, Ramsey replied "Young man, the OF 1977 that the new Congress and the new Admin Senate of the State of Texas never comes istration will work together to reform the to order. It just meets." renegotiation process in the interest of jus As a. presiding officer, Ramsey could cool HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH tice." senatorial tempers with a quip, or he could be firm in getting the business accomplished OF NEW JERSEY in a minimum of time. Nobody ever accused IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES BEN RAMSEY RETIRES AFTER 50 Ramsey of being talkative, at least in•public. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 YEARS OF PUBLIC SERVICE Privately, Ramsey is warm and friendly, and he is a devoted family man. Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, the Sub Once, when two of his young daughters committee on General Oversight and became ill while he was "stumping the Renegotiation of the House Banking, Fi HON. J. J. PICKLE state" in a campaign, Ramsey ignored his nance and Urban Affairs Committee will OF TEXAS campaign schedule and returned home until IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the girls recovered. hold hearings late this month on H.R. He also has legions of friends, mostly 4082, the Renegotiation Reform Act of Tuesday, March 15, 1977 longstanding, who understand and appre 1977. ciate Ramsey's quiet qualities, which Hearings will be held March 29 and Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, when the strangers sometimes misinterpret as aloof 30 at 1 p.m., and March 31 at 9 a.m., in Honorable Ben Ramsey retired as a ness or shyness. room 2128 Rayburn Office Building. member of the Texas Railroad Commis In 1961, after the death of Commissioner At this point in the RECORD, I include sion this year, Texas lost one of its finest Olin Culberson, then-Governor Price Dan public servants. Ben Ramsey was elected iel Sr. appointed Ramsey to fill the vacancy a press release announcing these hear until the 1962 election. ings: as a commissioner after a distinguished career as State representative, State sen So, he moved up from tl'le handsome state Chairman Joseph G. Minish of the House ator and 12 years as Lieutenant Gover salary of $4,800 then paid the lieutenant Banking Subcommittee on Renegotiation to governor to $17,500 annually as railroad com day announced that his panel will conduct nor of Texas, a record that will probably stand for a long while. missioner. The office currently pays $42,300. hearings on the proposed Renegotiation Re Ramsey has served on the commission form Act on March 29, 30, and 31. The east Texan was a pillar of quiet with Ernest 0. Thompson, once called "Mr. On February 29, Minish, along with a strength in his role as chief officer of the Petroleu," by admirers around the world number of cosponsors, introduced H.R. 4082, Texas Senate. Never loud or flamboyant, for his regulatory expertise; with Byron which provides for the most comprehensive Ramsey managed to direct the senate Tunnell, William J. Murray, and present and thorough reform of the renegotiation efficiently without cracking the whip. He commissioners Judge Jim Langdon and Mack process in the history of the Act. Wallace. Renegotiation is the process by which the was the wise, droll, prudent Texas states man who said less, and got more done Wallace succeeded Ra.msey as commission government attempts to recapture excessive chairman under the rotating that otftce to profits on defense, space, and certain other than any public servant of our times. the member whose term is expiring: government contracts. The status of the Act, Veteran Dallas News reporter Dick The new six-year commission term has which has been severely criticized for its Morehead recently profiled Ramsey in been filled by Rep. Jon Newton, D-Beevile, many loopholes, as well as its generous ex the Texas Railroad Commission's maga who won the November election in a contest emptions, is now in a state of uncertainty. against Republican Walter Wendlandt. Minish's b111 passed the House last year, but zine, Texas Today: the Senate failed even to consider a simple BEN RAMSEY RETIRES AFTER 50 YEARS OF Ramsey makes no apology for his con extension of the existing law. PuBLIC SERVICE servative political views. His private views "It is clear," Minish argued, "that we must AusTIN.-When Ben Ramsey came to the are as conservative as his public stance. The do our utmost to see that the taxpayers are state capitol 45 years ago as a brand-new East Texan firmly belleves it is the duty of not 'ripped off' by ex.cessive profits on de state representative just out of The Univer each gpneration to "conserve" and build on fense contracts relating to the national in sity of Texas Law School, state government the foundations of their forefathers and without trying to change the system in one terest and national security of our country. was a rather small and personal affair. election. By reviving the Act's full authority and As he retires from the Railroad Commission making it permanent, we wm provide as of Texas after nearly 15 years there as chair Ben Ramsey never lost the personal touch, surance to the American taxpayer that he is man and member, the Sage of San Augustine nor the conviction that much of the growth not being overcharged on his invest ment in is leaving a government which is larger and of government is unnecessary, 1! not ac our Nation's defense. much more expensive than he found it. tually wrong. The major provisions of the Minish legis In his last inaugural address as lieutenant But Ramsey never lost the personal touch, governor in 1961, Ramsey asserted: lation would make the Renegotiat ion Act, nor the conviction that much of the growth which bas in the past been extended for ". . . It is not enough for us to rest upon of government is unnecessary, if not actually the laurels of our forefathers. We must move short periods, permanent and provide the wrong. Renegotiation Board members with fixed, forward. Our heritage demands a forth staggered terms of office. Ramsey isn't like the East Texan who said right policy of action today for an even great In addition, the bill alters the language of "I've been here 80 years. I've seen a lot of er Texas of tomorrow. changes-and been against all of them." the Rene~ottation Act to put more emphasis "Conditions change with passing years, but on rendering decisions rather than reaching The veteran state official has been reason principles and processes of Democratic gov accommodations, and requires that renego ably progressive but never foolish. His ca ernment remai.n the same. Fundamentally, a tiations be conducted on a product line and reer has been marked with wisdom apd loy goo:l government is a responsive government. division basis, rather than the present ag alty that are rare in any field, especially It is our duty to balance the budget. The gregate system. This provic:ion would Prevent government. deficit must be wiped out. Income must equal conglomerates from averaging profit and It's just that Ramsey isn't showy, or even outgo. The cold facts of the balance sheet losses in different divi~ons in order to es polit ical in the usual sense. As a campaigner, must be recognized." caPe excec:sive profit determinations. it is said, Ramsey never ventured from his In one of his longer addresses, lasting over The bill also tightens UP the present hotel in one town. Asked why he wasn't out five minutes, Ramsey called for "the best" exemption for commercial articles. provides shaking hands, Ramsey replied "none of them schools, roads, mental hospitals, welfare and for a study of the new durable productive is going to vote for me anyway." health programs ... "necessary services of the March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7691 1 first class" but it never put him among the bold 1n some places in this country to a with the publisher and guiding light of big spenders of the taxpayers' money. dangerous and incredible extent. . ." La Tribuna, Mr. Carlos Bidot, and have Ramsey always contended there is too much Twenty-five years later, the concept has always found him to be a warm, sincere, wasted motion in government and elsewhere. ::taken . hold" mor~ widely and to a more and exceptionally dedicated individual. The late Allen Duckworth, political edi incredible extent. . He and his paper are ever responsive to tor of The Dallas Morning News, was a friend "Are we going to contmue to let the federal . and admirer of Ramsey although the two government grow in power and in scope until the needs and mterests of the people he were quite different men. Once Duckworth we have reached totalitarianism?" asked so capably serves. wrote of the lieutenant governor's deadpan Ramsey. We can only hope for many more years remark about witness at a night committee Ramsey's affection for his beautiful home of fine reporting from this excellent session in the Senate. country at San Augustine permeates his con- newspaper. Muchas gracias y buena "That man is working under a great handi versation. While serving as acting governor suerte, Sr. Bidot. cap," a senator explained to Ramsey. "He is in the absence of then-Gov. Allan Shivers, stone-deaf-can't hear a thing. Ramsey once decided to "reign" over the state Replled gentle Ben: "I don't think he's from San Augustine. handicapped. He doesn't have to listen to "No governor h3s reigned from San Augus- REGULATION what he is saying." tine in a long time," he explained. "I think RAMP ANT FEDERAL On another occasion, a friend went to Ram I'll stay right here. It a fire whistle blows, I OF NATION'S COLLEGES sey's office-apartment and was surprised to wlll go over to the window and look out." find Ramsey alone in the living room, caus After leaving the Railroad Commission, ally reading a newspaper. Ramsey returned to San Augustine where be HON. DEL CLAWSON "Ben," asked the visitor, "don't you realize plans to "practice a little law." But he OF CALIFORNIA there are some mighty important people doesn't intend to overwork. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES waiting outside to see you?" On another occasion while acting gover Without lowering his paper, Ramsey mut nor, Ramsey stayed in the lieutenant gov Tuesday, March 15, 1977 tered: "Well, sit down and be quiet. Maybe ernor's office. Asked why he didn't occupy Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, the they'll go away." the governor's more elaborate offices, as t he Washington Star of Saturday, March 1'2, Shortly after his tough 1950 victory for substitute is entitled to do, Ramsey replied lieutenant governor against 11 opponents, "No use in going over there. Shivers locked contains an editorial by Mr. James J. several of them at least as well known as he up everything before he ·went-except a Kilpatrick calling attention to a form was, Ramsey tired of hearing post-mortems chair." of rampant Federal regulation which on why the others lost to him. Well why didn't Ramsey go over and sit in threatens disaster to many of the Na "You have overlooked one thing," he noted. the governor's chair? "This chair over here is tion's colleges. In fact, the point is made, "What's that?" m.ore comfortable," quipped the executive. thg_t the effect of the regulation is actu "I got more votes." When Ramsey discovered as acting gover ally opposite to the announced goals of Master of the one-liner, Ramsey has been nor he could draw $35 a day in that role in called "a political paradox," the "Wlll Rogers addition to $10 a day as lleutenant governor, the legislation it purports to implement. of Texas polltics," and some less complimen he remarked "that's a pretty good deal. Why Clearly, the onus is on the Congress to tary names. The least complimentary are doesn't Shivers go to Europe?" alleviate this particular situation and I !rom Texas labor leaders who never forgave With his slouch hat, loose suits, and shirt would hope to action on legislation to Ramsey !or passing several labor regulatory collar overhanging his coat, Ramsey some establish procedures for systematic re bllls through the legislature while he was a times resembled an unmade bed. On special view by the Congress of agency rulemak senator. occasions, such as inaugurals, his wife in ing which is contrary to congressional One is the "Right to Work" law against sisted on Ramsey getting a haircut. "She compulsory union membership, which union acts like it was her hair," he grumbled af intent, legislation which I am again leaders have been trying to repeal for almost fectionately. Although differing with much sponsoring in this 95th Congress. The 30 years without success. ot the philosophy espoused by many national column by Mr. Kilpatrick follows at this He also was an advocate of regulating figures in the Democratic Party, Ramsey point in the RECORD: "loan sh ~ rks," strong law enforcement and never wavered in his loyalty to the party COLLEGES TRY To ESCAPE StTFFOCATING Jerry Holleman, then chief executive of the which honored him so many times. BENEVOLENCE Texas Federation of Labor, who left the orga In 1952, Gov. Shivers led most of the state's (By James J. Kilpatrick) nization years ago, called Ramsey a "despot" top elected officials into the Republican col as lieutenant governor, but it never seemed umn for Dwight D. Eisenhower because Dem The nation's private colleges and univer to bother Ramsey. He directed the Senate ocratic nominee Adlai Stevenson refused to sities historically have traveled a rough road. with what cowboys call a "loose rein," letting recognize Texas' claim to historic offshore They never have been in greater peril than senators have their way until they seemed to boundaries of the tidelands. Ramsey didn't they are today. be traveling the wrong course, then pulling follow. Neither did he quarrel with his old Once their concern was with performing them up short, often calming tempers with friend Shivers. He just declined to endorse a their independent task well; now their con• a quip. Republican candidate-even once. The same cern is with performing it at all. His words in public as a Ra.Uroad Commis year, R1msey won renomination with 82.9 The threat to their existence comes in part percent of the Democratic vote. from rising costs that have pushed tuition sion member have been few but meaning fees to a point of diminishing returns, but ful. Once when his close friend, Edward this is not the great worry. The most ominous Clark, Austin attorney and former Ambas peril lies in the tightening grip of federal sador to Australia, was belaboring federal controls. authorities in a speech at a proration hear SALUTE TO LA TRIDUNA ing tor messing up the oil and gas industry, It is a melancholy story, but certainly not Ramsey replied: a new one; the colleges are victims of the an "We like to bear people's troubles," said cient rule that says the road to hell is paved HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. with good intentions. Twenty years ago, when Ramsey. "We don't think Congress does. If OF NEW JERSEY tbey's let (the oil and gas industry) alon e, institutions of higher education began ac it would be highly satisfactory wit h this IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES cepting major federal grants, the motives commission." were noble and the process seemed benign. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 When Congress began funding large pro Ramsey accepts few speaking engagements. Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I wish grams of student loans, the benevolence was His commencement address to seniors at San widely acclaimed. Federal requirements in Augustine High School in 1951 is as timely today to congratulate Mr. Carlos G. Bidot and the devoted staff of La Tribuna on the field of civil rights seemed altogether today as then. just. the celebration of the 15th anniversary "Americans, especially the young. must The institutions bad abundant warning chose betwen the ideological concepts of of the founding of this fine publication. of the course of events. Scores of college individual initiative and individu al rights La Tribuna has the distinction of being presidents sounded alarms: Federal aid in versus the idea that government should be the oldest daily Spanish newspaper in my evitably would bring federal control. But allowed to control individual activity, busi:. State providing a vital communication the temptations were too strong, and the ness activity, labor an d wealth, and should link in the Hispanic community. pressures on Congress too great to be re have the power to dole out jobs, money, P u blished in Newark, La Tribuna sisted. The government's 1978 budget proj housing and what have you as it seems fit," ects nearly $3.4 billion in various aids to he explained. boasts a circulation throughout the State of New Jersey , and is received at my higher education, an increase of 26 percent "That way of thinkin g and the traditional over the outlays tn fiscal '78. office in VVashington. American philosophy are as far apart as any Controls come in different guises. A small two concepts can possibly be. Yet, the con For many years now I have had the Methodist college, hard-pressed !or building cept of an all-powerful government l:\,as taken distinct honor of being well acquainted funds, in desperation accepted a federal 7692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 grant of $373,000. These were the condi Center in New York. They offer a sound, tions, although this is important, nor be tions: The college agreed "to remove all sane, safe, and successful philosophy cause the Rhodesian Government is op religious symbols from the top of its chapel, that if followed and practiced in our erating outside the framework of legit to limit the number of Methodists on its daily lives would bring joy, peace, and im~cy demanded by majority rule, ooard and teaching staff, to refrain from which is true, but in a larger sense be sponsoring or conducting any religious serv fulfillment to all. ices, to remain totally neutral toward the Faith without words is dead. The fol cause there are few precedents in history spiritual development, in a religious sense, lowing is worthy of being pondered and where the conscience of mankind has of its students, and to exclude prayers, weighed: been mobilized, without recourse to the hymns, and sermons from its graduation I BELIEVE use of force, to bring pressure on an exercises." (By John D. Rockfeller, Jr.) existing government to change its inter The government's demands !or "affirma I believe tn the supreme worth of the indi nal policies. The United States is the tive action" in the hiring of faculty mem strongest and most respected democracy bers continue to impose burdens that get to vidual and in his right to life, liberty, and be unbearable. In a major speech last the pursuit of happiness. in the world. America's principles should month, Dr. John A. Howard, president of I believe that every right implies a respon be reflected in foreign policy as well as Rockford College, spoke in somber tones of sibility; every opportunity, an obligation; domestic; in human values, as well as the problem: every possession, a duty. economic; in the peaceful rather than "Whatever mav have been the intent of I believe that the law was made for man and not man for the law; that government is forceful application of international the government, it is an indisputable fact opinion. that 'affirmative action' has operated in the servant of the people and not their such a way as to prevent many colleges from master. consistently hiring and promoting the best I believe in the dignity of labor. whether qualified individuals to the vacances on its with head or hand, that the world owes no THE PASSOVER PLOT faculty . . . To permit any extraneous con man a living but that it owes every man an sideration to take precedence over profes opportunity to make a living. HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ stonal qualifications in the appointment of I believe that thrift is essential to well faculty members is to compromise the edu ordered living and that economy is a prime OF NEW YORK cational process at its very core. This is a requisite of a sound financial structure, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES large and fateful step which the nation has whether in government, business or personal taken toward intellectual and cultural affairs. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 suicide." I believe that truth and justice are funda Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, I am left Some of the controls are far removed from mental to an enduring social order. utterly exasperated by the latest abridg the educational process as such. Federal I believe in the sacredness of a promise, that a man's word should be as good as his ment of religious freedom by the Soviet health and safety regulations lie like an Union. As a result of recent regulations, asbestos blanket across the campuses. bond; that character-not wealth or power The American Council on Education has or position-is of supreme worth. the Soviets have effectively banned the estimated the cost of compliance with fed I believe that the rendering of useful serv entry of matzoth, the unleavened bread eral requirements at almost $2 billion a year. ice is the common duty of mankind and eaten by Jews during the forthcoming As Newsweek magazine has noted, the sum that only in the purifying fire of sacrifice is passover fec:tival. By forbidding the "im is "roughly equal to the entire surr. the In the dross of selfishness consumed and the port into the U.S.S.R. of alimentary stitutions raise through voluntary dona greatness of the human soul set free. doughs, and products of flour converted tions." The burden of federal forms, records, I believe in an all-wise and all-loving God, named by whatever name, and that the in into bread, in any postal item whatso inspections, and compliance reports grows ever," the Soviets will prevent thousands ever greater. dividual's highest fulfillment, greatest hap Dr. Howard has urged his colleagues to piness, and widest usefulness are to be found of Jews from participating in their re band together this year in a concerted ap in living in harmony with His w111. ligious tradition. peal to Congress and to the Carter admin I believe that love is the greatest thing Once again the spirit of the Helsinki istration: Get off our backs! He pleads elo in the world; that it alone can overcome agreements have been flagrantly violated quently for a moratorium on further mani hate; that right can and will triumph over by the Soviet Union. Where is the respect festations of the benevolence that suffocates. might. guaranteed by the Helsinki accords for He also pleads for a modest program of tax fundamental freedoms. including re credits, as distinguished from tax deduc tions, !or contributions made directly to In REPEAL OF THE BYRD AMENDMENT ligion? The matzoth ban is the most re stitutions of higher learning. cent case of religious repression per The tax credit plan makes sense in prin petrated upon the Jewish people of the ciple; ln practice. it could mean serious prob HON. JAMES A. S. LEACH Soviet Union. lems for the Treasury. For the time being, OF IOWA In 1963 and 1964, a similar ban was what is most needed is a clear statement of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES imposed by the U.S.S.R. Only after pro policy from President Carter and from HEW tests from groups around the world, was Secretary Califano. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 this pernicious policy modified. This That pollcy must be predicated upon a Mr. LEACH. Mr. Speaker, I should year some 25,000 individual packages of steady reduction in federal rules, regulations like briefly to explain my vote in favor matzoh currently in preparation for and direct grants-in-ald. Unless the trend of recent years can be reversed, the private in of H.R. 1746. Those who oppose repeal of shipment to the Soviet Union will never stitutions ultimately will become mere ap the Byrd amendment point out quite cor reach the estimated 2.2 million Jews liv pendages of the omnipotent state; they may rectly that there is some irony that the ing in the Soviet Union. Once again, survive, but they will be "private" only in Congress of the United States should at those of us who are dedicated to the name. this late date reverse its position. In the cause of human freedom must stand up very near future the Smith regime is and denounce this continuous, system likely to be replaced by a black govern atic, and relentless denial of interna I BELIEVE ment, hopefully one with majority sup tionally recognized human rights by the port in the country. Opponents of the Soviet Union. Byrd amendment also point out quite It is both interesting and disheartening HON. GENE TAYLOR correctly that there is great hypocrisy to note that the passover holidav, which OF MISSOURI for the world community to single out this year begins at sundown on April 2, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rhodesia for the failure to respect the commemorates the flight of the ancient human rights of the majority of its citi Israelites from Egvpt to escape the op Tuesday, March 15, 1977 zens. Many other countries in the indus pressions of the Pharaoh. The matzoth Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, a former trially developed as well as developing reminds us of the speed with which the Member of this body, my great and good world consistently violate the human and Israelites fled from bondage since they friend the Honorable Dewey Short, who political rights of their people. could not wait for the bread to rise be served his Missouri district and Nation Yet, I believe it important for this Con fore departing. Today, in 1977. matzoth with g!'eat pride and ability, has brought gress to define a new direction for our has once again become a symbol of op to my attention a statement authored by Government. I support economic sanc pression. John D. Rockfeller, Jr., "I Believe." tions against Rhodesia, not simply be Mr. Speaker, I stand in the well of These words are carved on a bronze cause these sanctions were mandated the House today, as so many of our col tablet at the entrance to Rockefeller within the framework of the United Na- leagues have in the past, to call on the March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7693 Soviet Union to let our people fulfill their A MODEST PROPOSAL FOR TAX Mr. Holleb has presented a good dis religious obligations by permitting mean EQUITY cussion of the property tax issue. His ingful recognition of the principle of article follows: religious freedom. HON. HERBERT F. HARRIS II A MODEST PROPOSAL FOR TENANTS' EQUALITY (By Marshall M. Holleb) OF VmGINL\ Edmund Burke, the eminent British states IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES man, in a speech on American taxation 1n THE ST. PETERSBURG INTER- Tuesday, March 15, 1977 1774, said: "To tax and to please, no more NATIONAL FOLK FESTIVAL than to love and to be wise, is not given to Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, our tax men." To tax and to be just may be equally laws discriminate against renters. Unlike difiicult . Nevertheless, the tax proposal that HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG other taxpayers, a tenant, who pays prop follows-to permit the renter to deduct the OF FLORIDA erty taxes through his rent, is denied the real estate tax attributable to his leased premises-has that aim. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES right to claim his property tax payments for Federal income tax purposes. Be Current income tax laws heavily favor Tuesday, March 15, 1977 homeowners over renters. The homeowner, tween 20 and 25 percent of a typical rent but not the renter, is permitted to deduct Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, payment is actually a property tax pay that portion of his housing costs represent this weekend I had the privilege of par ment. ing real estate taxes and mortgage interest. ticipating in the opening ceremonies of Along with over 70 Members of the The historical justification for this practice the second annual St. Petersburg Inter House of Representatives, I have intro is well-known-that homeownership bene national Folk Festival at the Bayfront duced H.R. 84 which extends property fits society at large becau se it encourages sta Center Auditorium, and it was an ex tax relief to tenants. Under my bill, a bility and social order. Whether this in fact perience I would like to share. It did a renter could claim a tax credit of 25 per was true during much o! our past history is no longer the point. Today, there is no jus great deal to "awaken" my understand cent of the property taxes he pays tification for a tax system that favors the ing of the complexities of the cultural through his rent. For the average tax homeowner over the tenant. Both for reasons makeup of America. An insight into the payer, a credit of 25 percent is aT)proxi of economics and personal preference, mil heritages of Americans whose families mately equivalent to a full deduction. lions of Americans, including increasing emigrated from more than 25 countries, The bill does not change the Federal in- numbers of suburbanites, choose apartment were offered in exhibitions of native come tax liability of landlords. · style living today for most, 1! not all, of their music and dance, authentic costumes, H.R. 84 corrects a major inequity in lifetimes. And now, sharply ri ~ ing operating delicious old world foods, and exhibits of ow· tax laws. Moreover, the bill provides costs for real estate are forcing rents up to cultural, religious, art, and needlework needed relief to the 36 percent of all the point where they represent significantly more than the "25 percent of take-home treasures. American families who rent their homes. pay" that has been the traditional measure Represented with great pride were the Under the bill, 50 percent of the property of housing expenditure. traditions of Poland, Scotland, France, tax relief will go to families earning less In fact, the true justification for the in Lithuania, Ireland, Italy, Czechoslovakia, than $13,000 and 77 percent will go to equitable tax treatment between homeowners Germany, African-Americans, Canada, families earning less than $19,500. Ac and renters rests on a political reality. Home Russia, Greece, ·Vietnam, the Philip cording to a recent Congressional Re owners remain a large majority, nearly 66 pines, Hungary, Lebanon, the United search Service study, the property tax percent, of the voting population. And they States, the American Indian, the relief for the average taxpayer under are acutely aware of the rising real estate Ukraine, Cuba, Latvia, India's subconti taxes that are a visible cost to them. In con H.R. 84 would be $121.31 per year. trast, the renter not only forms a smaller nent, Scandinavia, South America, This legislation is supported by the portion of the voting populace but is often Israel, Estonia, Wales, Armenia, and National Tenants Association, the Na unaware of the size of the property tax hid England. tional Apartment Association, the Na den in his monthly rental payment. The exhibition, and the spirit of the tional Council of Senior Citizens, and the However, both of these realities are people who participated in this festival, National Federation of Retired Federal changing. It apnears that homeownership transgressed all of the political complica Employees. I urge my colleagues who in the United States may have passed its tions between nations that we are con peak (see accompanying box), while ten desire additional information regarding ants, facing constantly rising rentals and scious of every day in Congress. Amer H.R. 84, or who would like to cosponsor landlord attempts to diminish service, have icans of many ethnic backgrounds have this legislation, to contact me. become far more organized and militant come to live together in this country, to The tenants' property tax issue was re than ever before. The time, then, may be enjoy all of its freedoms and privileges, cently discussed in the winter 1977 edi ripe for an "equal rights amendment" for and to offer the experience of many years tion of the Real Estate Review, published residential tenants. Landlord and developer of achievement and tradition brought by the Real Estate Institute of New York groups can be counted on to throw their from abroad. University. "A Modest Proposal for Ten weight behind any such change in the tax laws since their position would remain the I wish each of my colleagues could ants' Equity," written by Mr. Marshall same in any event. At a time when multi have shared the day with me. The experi Holleb, concluded that property tax re family construction is scraping bottom, any ence would have been helpful to us as lief should be extended to tenants. To proposal that promises to reduce the net a leadership body. One of experiencing achieve this end, Mr. Holleb proposed rental cost of apartments is certain to be re the deep devotion and pride of those that State and local governments: First, garded by them as a positive development. American whose daily lives are spent in drop the real estate tax on the landlord; There are four alternative solutions to the second, assess the same tax as a pro inequity between homeowner and tenant keeping with the best traditions of both that are worthy of careful study. They are the Old World and the New. rata legal liability of the tenant; and discussed 1n turn in the following para I wish also that all of the political third, provide that the landlord collect graphs. leaders of all of the nations of the world the tax as agent and pay it to the tax ELIM1:NATE THE HOMEOWNER'S TAX could have attended the St. Petersburg ing authority. DEDUCTION International Folk Festival with me, to By shifting the liability of the prop The solution that suggests itself first is to personally observe how so many people, ety tax, tenants would be allowed to claim eliminate entirely the deductions now with so many different backgrounds and the property tax payment-which they available to taxpayers from property taxes national origins, from so many parts of already pay through the rent-for Fed and interest arising from personal housing the world, can work and play together eral income tax purposes. Neither the costs. It may be argued that no justifica with such a beautiful spirit of mutual housing cost of renters nor the Federal tion exists for such deductions since real income tax liability of landlords would estate taxes and mortgage interest are sim friendship and trust. If it were possible ply personal expenses much like clothing for the political leaders of the world to increase under Mr. Holleb's proposal. The and· fuel. A tax deduction for a real estate experience this feeling, I know that many same end is achieved by H.R. 84. My bill tax payment or mortgage interest payment of the hostilities that exist between na recognizes that landlords are merely act- is for the individual a gratuitous blessing tions would evaporate. But while the ing as transfer agents for State and/or In Canada neither real estate taxes nor in· world's lea(iers could not attend, in their local governments and therefore allows terest are deductible in income tax calcula absence, I know that God was watching, tenants to claim the property tax pay tions for homeowners. However, given to and I am sure He was pleased. ment for Federal income tax purposes. day's housing costs, many current home- 7694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 owners could not retaln their homes with to retain the "known evil" rather than risk Any state statute providing for tenant lia out the deductions. This indirect housing the unpopular features of other taxes. bility for the tenant's proportionate share of subsidy has come to be accepted as a virtual A proposed revenue program that, lf the property tax should provide that the necessity. But that view has its critics.t adopted, would substantially reduce the im statute becomes effective only after an un It is our national housing goal to provide pact of property taxes (and so eliminate the conditional revenue ruling by the Internal a "decent home and suitable living environ inequity existing between homeowners and Revenue Service applicable to the !acts of ment !or every American family." This was renters) would impose on the states the en the proposed statute. To do otherwise would officially established by Congress in 1949 and tire cost of financing publlc education and risk a situation in which neither the landlord reaffirmed in 1968. However, without sub have the federal government assume the nor the tenant may receive a deduction and sidies that goal would be unattainable since burden of financing and administering basic therefore result in a clear discrimination. a large segment of our population is not income maintenance programs. Even though The plan most likely to succeed is the one financially able to afford housing, either property taxes would still be required for recently proposed by the Temporary State owned or rented, which meets minimum purely local services, their impact might well Commission on Living Costs and the Econ standards established by state and local be so small as to be inconsequential. How omy of the State of New York. It would make building and zoning codes. ever, at this time there seems little prospect all residential tenants directly liable (with It has been estimated that about one out of the broad adoption of this two-pronged the landlord) for the pro rata payment of of every six new housing units built in the program. the real property tax. Individual tenant lia United States during the past five years was SHOULD RENTAL INCOME BE IMPUTED TO bility would depend on t)le area and income aided by direct interest subsidy programs HOMEOWNERS? his leasehold represents as a part of net under FHA Section 235-236. In fiscal 1971, usable space. The tenant's rent would be re A third alternative. called the "Imputed duced by the amount of the tax, and the ten the total cost of such direct housing sub use value" or "imputed net rental income" sidies was about $1.46 blllion. However, in ant would pay the amount of the redudtton approach, treats the homeowner simul as real estate tax to the landlord, who, as direct subsidies in the form of federal tax taneously as both landlord and tenant. The benefits to homeowners amounted to about agent, would hold the tax sum in an escrow homeowner's revenue as landlord is deemed account !or payment to the appropriate col $5.7 bllllon in 1971. Over two-thirds o! this to be equal to the amount payable as rent federal tax-saving gift was received by for comparable housing. Concurrently, his lector. The tenant would be liable in a civil households with incomes over $10,000. Clear expenses of property ownership are deducted action for tbe tax, even 1f it were not collected ly, present housing subsidies benefit middle as if they were business expenses. The differ by the landlord. FaUure to pay also would and upper-income families significantly ence between the assumed rental income create a lease default. The landlord would more than the poor. As Peter Marcuse said, and the deductible expenses represents im be motivated to collect since lt would ensure "[I]! Congress wants to put so many blllions puted net income which would be taxable a credit to him against the property tax into housing subsidies, there must be a more as any other income. llabillty. equitable, efficient and accountable way to The imputed net rent method has actually The tenant tax proposal seems to do the distribute such a stgnlftcant portion of the trick. It 1s fair to the landlord who, as agent, been tried by some European countries, acts as a conduit for the funds. His taxable federal budget." 2 principally Great Britain. Despite its theo income remains unchanged. For him, it's a THE CASE FOB ELIMINATING THE PROPERTY retical logic there were overwhelming dtm "pass through." It is fair to tenants because, TAX culties ln trying to measure the !air market as a deductible tax llabllity, it would bring With special favors benefiting such an rental value of an owned home. The British some economic relief and would reduce some overwhelming percentage of the population, experiment !ell into disfavor and was dis of the unjustified ineo11it ies which exist be clearly the elimination of these subsidies is continued in 1963. tween the tenant and homeowner. For these not polltically feasible. A second alternative WHY NOT ASSESS PROPERTY TAXES reasons, this proposal has qutte properly been would be to eliminate the property tax on DIRECTLY TO TENANTS? named the "Tenants' Equaltty Act." housing--or at least reduce it drastically. The three suggested alternatives to correct This proposed plan would, ln part, equal The case !or ellmlnatlng property tax on the current tax inequity between homeown ize tax benefits between homeowners and housing is well documented. Its economic ef ers and renters all seem politically impossi some renters, but not all. For, to claim the fects are regressive and, as a consumer tax, ble. How, then, to right the wrong? deduction, a taxpayer would need an income it falls most heavily on the low-income A proposal that is fair, simple and likely to large enough to benefit from itemizing rather people.3 Consumer taxes or sales taxes gen succeed 1s this: than taking the standard deduction. erally range !rom 4 to 8 percent, Bales taxes Drop the real estate tax on the landlord. TAX RELIEF FOR TENANTS WHO DO NOT on liquor, tobacco, and gasoline are some Assess that same tax as a pro rata legal ITEMIZE DEDUCTIONS what higher, going up to 10 percent. How llablllty of the tenant. There are ways to bring tax relief to renters ever, taxes on housing are generally esti Provide that the landlord collect the tax whose income does not justl!y itemizing. For mated to be about 23 to 25 percent of hous as agent and pay it to the taxing authority. example, California has provided renters with ing costs. According to Richard Netzer, "[I]t The landlord and the municipality are ln credits of $25 to $45 against state income is simply inconceivable that, 1! we were the same position as before, but the tenant, starting to develop a tax system !rom scratch, just as the homeowner, has picked up an taxes. This is a gesture to· the renter to try to we would single out housing for extroardi itemized deduction in the calculation of his equallze homeowners' prlvUeges under the nary high levels of consumption taxation. income taxes. state tax rules. Dllnols has a "circuit breaker" More likely we would exempt housing en Th! difficulty of using such a simple ap program for the elderly. Its benefits are avaU tirely from taxation, just as many states proach lies principally with the language of able to renters sixty-five years or older or exempt food from sales tax." ' Section 164 of the Internal Revenue Code.6 anyone suffering from certain dlsablllties; it Under this language, the courts have ruled provides direct grants up to 25 percent of There are other specific criticisms. The rent when property taxes attributable to the property tax is full of administrative weak against allowing a tenant to deduct property taxes, even when the lease specifically makes premises exceed 4 percent of the household's nesses. It is the only major revenue source adjusted gross income, up to a $10,000 income !or which the base is determined in a subjec the tenant liable for such taxes, because the tenant is not the one against whom the ceiling. The purpose 1s to protect such per tive manner. The base of an income tax, by sons !rom loss of their residence due to in contrast, 1s computed wlth few subjective tax 1s initially imposed. What needs to be done, therefore, ls to creased property taxes. (A slmllar program options such as depreciation rates. aids homeowners.) Vermont and Michigan High property taxes make more dtmcult impos"' a true and direct property tax lta bility on the tenant. Where this has been also have this type o! program. •the problems of improving deteriorating done, the Internal Revenue Service has al John Shannon, Assistant Director of thu central cities as residential locations. They Advisory Commission on Intergovernmenta · impede the rehabllitation of old housing and lowed the deduction. For example, HawaU imposed direct llablllty !or real estate taxes Relations, not es that the "circuit breaker.. the construction of new. They accelerate the program is the most prevalent form o! prop rate of abandonment of housing. on tenants under leases with terms of fifteen years or more; a 1964 revenue rullng held erty tax relle! and has become so popula" These and other reasons make the prop that the tenant 1n such event could deduct that even the federal government is trying t«• erty tax extremely unpopular. Unfortu the taxes.8 Further, 1! under state law the get in on the act. If these relle! measures wer· • nately, elimination of the property tax !or owner of a condominium 1s liable to the lo adopted in all fifty states, they would "rep residential users is not a simple matter. The cal taxing authority for the tax ass~ment resent the most significant change in tho property tax raises a great deal of money on his proportionate interest 1n the land and country's tax structure since World Warn." s for local governments-moneys not other building. the taxpayer 1s allowed to deduct Nine states and the District of Columbia wise available from .other politically accepta the taxes paid on his share of the property.? currently provide tax relief to renters 1n the ble taxable sources. No tax 1s subject to Under Section 216 of the Code, this concept form of an income tax credit. In some states more widespread criticism than the property has been extended to a tenant-stockholder tax; yet it remains the mainstay of local renters must be over sixty-five, or disabled, 1n a cooperative housing corporation, and a or earning less than some specified amount in government finance and produces some $45 deduction is allowed him for amounts paid billion a year. When proposals to replace tt order to be eligible for the credit. The credit are put to the voters, they generally choose or accrued to the corporation wtthin the tax is usually a portion of the property tax paid payer's taxable year representing his pro by the landlord on the taxpayer's residence. portionate share of real estate taxes paid or The property tax burden attributable to an Footnotes at end of article. incurred by the corporation. individual renter is usually held to be equal March 15, 19~7 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7695 to a certain percentage of his rent. No state districts affected immediately set up a pro expansion of operational weather modifica allows a deduction, as opposed to a credit, for test. tion programs and development of water property tax burdens borne by renters.9 Everyone's in favor of economy, but not in control and conservation programs. CONCLUSION their own area. The board's action followed a two-day There's a factor, however, that keeps the meeting ln which it reviewed the lack of Current income tax laws create inequities present fight to forestall President Carter's rainfall the last six to 12 months and the between homeowners and renters. There is attempt to stop funding for 19 federal water effect on the state's ·7a.ter supplies. no reasonable justification for such inequi projf"cts from being an ordinary example of Wllliams said the board also considered ties. A variety of alternative proposals to help this sort of thing. implications of the posslblllty the drought eradicate this discrimination have been That factor is drought. wlll prevail into the spring and summer found unacceptable, such as: eliminating the Most of the projects are in the west, where months. real property tax and mortgage interest de rainfall has been below normal and some Williams said under Kansas statutes ductions for housing; eliminating entirely parts of the western United States are county commissioners can declare by reso the property tax on housing; and taxing the threatened With the most severe water short lution that a drought emergency exists and homeowner by using the imputed rent ages in many years. then can drlll, construct or obtain drought method. To be certain, the projects under consider relief wells and pumps, and can purchase The "tenant property tax" is proposed as ation will not be completed in t!me to afD.e equipment necessary for pumping from the best solution to reduce the inequities be llorate the present problem. But when there's streams. tween the homeowner and renter. It should drought, people begin to care passionately be coupled with the state "circuit breaker" about water. WATER WAR FUELED BY CARTER CUTS or "rent credit methods" to bring some meas Grove Reservoir is the only threatened proj (By Grace Lichtenstein) ure of relief to homeowners and renters who ect in Kansas. Its primary purpose is to assure do not benefit from itemizing income tax Topeka a water supply in the future. For DENVER.-President Carter's controversial ded uctlons. the present Topeka is all right, but only be attempt to stop funding for 19 federal water FOOTNOTES cause of the presence upstream of Tuttle projects during this drought year has inten sified a. century-old battle in the West-the 1 Creek, which, when it was built, was one of Henry J. Aaron suggests a better way to war of wa. ter politics. the most controversial projects ever in Kan distribute the benefits of housing subsidies is Five of the six most expensive projects cut through allowances based on personal in sas. by Carter from the budget proposed last come, net worth, and local housing costs. See It might not matter significantly 1f fund ing or Grove were delayed a year or two, but January by President Ford are in the West. Aaron, Shelter and Subsicties (Brookings Most have been hotly contested practically Studies in Social Economics 1972). it does seen essential that it be built, and de from the moment they were proposed. Some 2 lay has a way of becoming permanent. Marc use, "McKinsey Report: Toward a have been dreamed of for years. New Deal for Renters," N.Y. Magazine, March Moreover, in most of the projects the Presi 1972, p. 123. dent has si.,..gled out, millions of dollars al Grove Reservoir near Topeka. is one of the 19 projects facing the proposed cuts. Carter 3 The Property Tax: Progressive or ready have been spent. It seems poor econ Aaron, has suggested cutting out the $1 mlllion Regressive? A New View of Property Tax Inci omy to throw that money down the drain by targeted for the reservoir for next year. dence 212-235 (American Economic Associa leaving them uncompleted. tion, May 1974). And the prospect of drought which may Rep. Martha Keys, in whose district the '"Impact of the Property Tax," The Na proje<:t was, said she was "disappointed" continue through this summer makes it seem over the cut "since one area of the reservoir tional Commission on Urban Problems, Be the more unwise to cut back on any water search Report No. 1 (1968). is to provide water to the city of Topeka." conservation projects in the area most heavily The latest skirmish over Western water 5 "(a) General Rule-Except as otherWise affected. provided in this section, the following taxes projects wlll get even more frenzied between shall be allowed as a deduction for the tax now and April 15. That is the deadline that PLAN SET FOR CARRYING WATER FROM RESER Carter has set for a report on what to do able year within which paid or accrued: (1) voms-TO FIGHT DROUGHT state and local, and foreign, real property about 320 additional water projects across the taxes . ..." ToPEKA.-The Kansas Water Resources country. 8 Rev. Rul. 64-327, 1964-2 C.B. 56. Board has arranged with the Army Corps of Meanwhile, Western governors and mem 7 Rev. Rul. 64-31, 1964-1 C.B. 300, Pt. 1. Engineers to allow peopl~ to haul reservoir ben of Congress are lobbying furiously tore 8 3 Search, A Report From the Urban Insti water for livestock 1f drought persists, board store funds for the projects already in tute (Sept.-Oct. 1973). chairman Dale Willlams said Saturday. trouble. 9 Information on existing state law is taken If county commissioners declare a drought At st ";~ ke is not only blllions of federal from the State Tax Guide (Commerce Clear emergency and the governor of the board dollars for what some have long contended ing House 1976). It should be noted that approves, then the Corps of En~ineers wUl are uneconomic "porkbarrel" dams, reser while, 1n general, "income" refers to the total set a location for people to withdraw water voirs, pumping facilities and aqueducts. The income of all members of a household, this from reservoirs, Willtams said. fundamental question is where to find enough is not always made clear in the source we He sald county commissioners would be re water as more and more people, high-yield used. Also, in most states, "rent" does not in sponsible for equipment to pump water from farms and utilities flock to the driest part clude the portion of a tenant's payment to reservoirs into containers for haullng. of the country. his landlord that covers the costs of utllitles. "The board is extremely concerned about Everyone in the West competes for what is the drought condition in Kansas and has di really very little water. An average of fewer rected the staff of the Water Resources Board than 20 inches of precipitation falls on most to develop contingency emergency drought of the West each year, compared with 30 to policies dealing with coordinated efforts be 38 inches on the states east of the MisslssippJ WESTERN DROUGHT AND THE tween various federal and state agencies to River. WATER PROJECT CUTS support expansion of operational weather The water question has nagged the West mocHficatlon programs and development of in wet and dry years alike. It is a political water control and conservation programs," fight that pits northern California against HON. DAN GLICKMAN Wllliams said. southern California, eastern Colorado against OF KANSAS He said county commissioners, after de western Colorado, state against state, farmer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES claring a drought emergency, can determine against farmer and sometimes a polltician where surplus water exists or is avallable against himself. Tuesday, March 15, 1977 in reservoirs where a land owner received a The paradox of water polltlcs may be best Mr. GLICKMAN. Mr. Speaker, Presi reduction in assessed value when he con lllustrated by Gov. Jerry Brown of California, dent Carter's recent deferral of funding structed a dam. whose state contains 50 per cent of the West's The owner must allow access to the reser population. for 19 water projects in the Western voir, Wllliams sald. He describes the drought as a manifesta United States has intensified conce'm He sairi that under Kansas statutes dating tion of an "era of llmits" and says people in my district over the severe drought to the 1930s, county commissioners can de must "adjust their lives" accordingly. On the situation in the West. I would like to sub clare a drought emergency and can obtain other hand, he 1s marshallng support for ex mit the following articles from newspa drought rellef wells and pumping equipment. pansion of the State Water Project, which pers in my district concerning the west would cost from $2 billion to $4 blllion in ern drought and the President's water EMERGENCY WATER PLAN ORDERED state and federal money~ project cuts: ToPEKA, KAN .-The Kansas Water Re A few veterans of water wars think the WATER PROJECTS NEEDED sources Board directed its staff Friday to de drought and the water projects' controversy velop contingency emergency drought poll make this an ideal time to revive old, out- Anyone who has paid attention ·to the dated ideas about Western water. news over the years recognizes a familiar sit cles. uation: A president or the Congress at Dale WUllams, Garden City, chairman, said "We ought to learn," said Mahamed El tempts to save a little money by cutting some the board wants coordinated efforts between Asbry of the Environmental Defense fu nd in works project out of the budget and the various federal and state agencies to support Denver, "to utilize this opportunity for a 7696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 more progressive water resources pollcy that power plants, coal gasification plants, coal WIND EROSION IN KANSAS DAMAGES 291,900 does not use dams as a way of managing slurry pipelines and oil shale developments, ACRES water already in short supply." all of which would swallow giant gulps of SALINA, KAN.-Wind erosion this winter in Gov. Richard Lamm of Colorado remarked: Western water. 47 western and south-central Kansas coun "The days of large-scale Western water proj One of the proposed power projects is ties has damaged 291,900 acres of land and ects are coming to an end. Grandiose schemes Wichita's $1.25-billlon coal gasification plant. destroyed crops on 174,700 acres of undam about making deserts bloom? Some of us have The city of Wichita and Panhandle E::tster aged land, according to Robert K. Griffin, more modest goals and expectations now. Pipe Line Co. are conducting feasiblllty state conservationist for the Agriculture De· "I very strongly believe there's a limit to studies for the plant. partment's Soil Conservation Service. the carrying capacity of the West. We're going The traditional solution to growing water Griffin said some 3,390,500 acres are in to have to cut down our growth rate." needs has been to dam rivers, gouge reser condition to blow while farmers already have But he quickly added that he would fight voirs, dig tunnels and to build aqueducts. used emergency tlllage to protect 295,200 to save the three threatened Colorado dam But the drought has increased h1k of, and acres. projects on Carter's list. in some cases forced, water conservation. Surveys made Feb. 28 indicated the And Rep. Morris Udall, D·Arlz., who has Also, environmentalists now contend that amount of acreage ready to blow. It com always been known as a conservationist, dams provide only short-term benefits to pared with 2,623,000 acres two months ago. neverthless defended the massive $1.4-bllllon only a small number of people. "While the Feb. 23 dust storm was prob Central Arizona Project, which has been The long-term answers, they say, include ably the worst in much of western Kansas threatened by Carter's budget proposal. improving existing water projects, sprinkling since February 1954, wind erosion to date Most westerners felt the President was un rather than flooding some irrigated hlnd, has not yet had a major effect upon the wise to begin the latest fight over water managing land better so that sprawling Kansas wheat crop," Griffin said. politics in a drought year. However, there is Western cities do not gobble up productive "During the February 23 duster, particu every indication that he knew his decision farms and ranges, applying tough conserva larly in the most severely blowing area, it would be met with protest. tion measures and recycllng waste water. may have appeared the whole countryside Bert Lance, director of the Office of Man Inflation has also become a big factor in was blowing away. Closer analysis showed agement and Budget, called water projects water project fights. The Bureau of Reclama that the damage occurred on individual "very sensitive" and said there was "never tion uses statistics known as a "benefit-cost fields not protected by conservation meas a good year" in which huge programs that ratio" to judge whether a project is eco ures. poured federal funds into the pockets of dam nomically feasible. "Crop residues are protecting farm surfaces builders and nearby communities could be In all eight Bureau of Reclamation water from blowing on about 4.5 mlllion acres in trimmed. projects that are among the 19 disputed the area.." He noted that, although the drought was ones, the cost has increased much faster The amount of land in condition to blow critical, the disputed water projects would than the predicted benefits. as of Feb. 23 was 26 per cent greater than the not have helped to solve it for years to come. 2,585,500 acres at the end of February a year Meanwhile, the President told Congress BoARD PLANS FOR WATER To SAVE THIRSTY ago, Griffin said. But a greater amount ot that the projects appeared "unsupportable" LIVESTOCK land damaged, 500,000 acres, and crops de· on economic, environmental and/or safety ToPEKA, KAN .-The chairman of the Kan stroyed on undamaged land, 571,045 acres, grounds." was reported last year. Whether Carter can really stop the 19 proj sas Water Resources Board says the board ects is open to question. Traditionally, water has made arrangements with the Tulsa and projects have been choice slivers of the fed Kansas City district offices of the Army Corps eral pie that congressmen in the sparsely of Engineers that will allow individuals to populated West can offer to their con haul reservoir water for livestock if drought COLUMN DISTORTS FIGHT FOR stituents. conditions persist. OPEN AMENDMENT PROCESS One political scientist wrote recently that Dale Williams said county commissioners "presidents do not often play important roles must declare a drought emergency exists and in water resources development policy" be the governor of the board must approve. He said the Corps of Engineers then would desig HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON cause Congress guards dam proiects. OF ILLINOIS "Among the very few presidential vetoes nate the location where pumping fac1lities overridden by Congress in the last two would be set up to withdraw water from the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reservoir. decades, a substantial number have been on Tuesday, March 15, 1977 water project bills," said Dean Mann of the Williams said the county commissioners would be responsible for pumping equip Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. University of California at Santa Barbara. ment to pump water from the reservoir into Rep. Jim Wright, D-Tex., the House major containers for hauling. Speaker, while it is always difficult to ity leader, said last week that he thought "The board is extremely concerned about explain to the public the importance of Congress might restore funds for most of the the drought condition in Kansas and has certain procedural fights in this body, let disputed projects, over the President's objec directed the stat! of the Water Resources alone the complexities of the process, this tions. Board to develop contingency emergency problem is greatly compounded when the Westerners must first persuade congress drought policies dealing with coordinated press misreports and distorts such proce men from the East that all water projects are efforts between various federal and state not of the pork barrel variety-that is, the dural debates. I was recently dismayed to agencies to support expansion of operational in appropriation of public funds for political weather modification programs and develop read a column by Mary McGrory the patronage. ment of water control and conservation pro Washington Star in which she implied "A Georgia boondoggle is a Colorado vital grams," Williams said. that support for an open amendment project," Lamm said ln defending the three The board chairman said county commis process on the ethics resolution was a Colorado projects on the President's list. "I sioners, after declaring a drought emergency minority plot to defeat that resolution. don't mean there aren't boondoggles out exists, can then determine where surplus As one who both supported the Obey here. But reclamation has been an important water supplies exist or are available in reser commission's recommendations but also ingredient in the West, and you don't cut voirs where the land owner received a re vigor<>usly fought for permitting amend off projects already started." duction in assessed value at the time he No matter how the 19 projects eventually constructed a dam. ments to be offered, I resent this misrep fare. Western water poUtics has entered a Willlams said the owner of the land, on resentation of the facts, as I am sure do new phase. Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Colorado, which the dam is constructed must, after many of my colleagues who took a stand Utah, New Mexico and Wyoming were among being notified by the commissioners, allow for openness while at the same time sup the eight fastest-growing states in the first access to the reservoir to persons needing porting a strong code of conduc~. If sup half of this decade. Water consumption has water supply in accordance with the pro port for democratic procedures 1s ~ow to increased 220 percent in Phoenix and 248 cedures described by commissioners. be construed as antireform sentrment, percent in Tucson in the last 30 years. Williams said under Kansas statutes dat I Agriculture is stm the largest consumer of ing back to the 1930s, county commissioners then would suggest that certain me?'l water in the West. Even in California, the can declare by resolution that a drought bers of the press are relying on Orwelhan nation's most populous st:lte, farming ac emergency exists and then can drill, con "newspeak" instead of comm~nsense, counts for nearly 85 percent of the water struct or obtain drought relief wells and logic, and the truth. used. In Colorado, the figure is 95 percent. pumping equipment and can purchase At this point in the RECORD I include Moreover, new irrigation technique&' plus equipment necessary for pumping from the text of a letter I sent yesterday to a proliferation of federally funded diversions streams. the editor of the Star as well as the have brought thousands of acres of once-dry He said a number of such wells, county land under cultivation. commissioners constructed in the 1930s and McGrory column to which it has Waiting in the wings are dozens of new 1950s, stlll exist In eastern Kansas. reference: March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7697
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES , No. Pike was talking about the congres· ketable, salable somet hing that goes with Washingt on, D.C., March 14, 1977. sional code of ethics, and he was speaking being a member of this body," he said EDITOR, from the heart about the importance of out bluntly. Washington Star, side earned income. It is always extraordi Rep. Claude Pepper, D-Fla.., age 77, made a Washington, D.C. nary what consideration of its own interests powerful appeal to the sufferers by telling DEAR Sm: I must take strong exception does to Congress. Nothing-war, peace or how, after being driven from the Senate by to columnist Mary McGrory's version of the impeachment--generates the same passion a smear campaign, he had pulled himself out House debate on the financial ethics resolu and fire as peril to its pocketbook. of debt by a diligent practice of the law, tion (Star, March 4, 1977). The whole impli The air rang with words like "sacrifice, •• which he wished to contin ue. cation of her column was that Republlcans "injustice," "suffering," all embodied in the But of all the speeches, only one in the were trying to destroy t he reform by insist heartless Obey Commission recommendation end, mattered. ing that the resolution be open to amend to llmit congressmen to out side income of At 9:15, the Speaker of the House, Thomas ments. Nothing could be further from the only 15 percent of their present salaries, P. O'Neill Jr., lumbered to the well. He has truth! Our Republican Poltcy Committee and which were recently increased to a. mere been, he has tol d the members at every op Task Force on Reform had not only endorsed $57,000. They were closing the door to the portunity, taking the "whaling of my life" most of the recommendations of the Obey Abraham Lincolns, turning the people's over the pay raise. Commission (with the exception of the $5,000 house into a. millionaires' club. His speech was not remarkable, but the increase in official expense allowances per Pike spoke with immense feeling. He had message was irresistible: You have had your Member) , but had also recommended several made a vow never to need a. political job so pay raise. Now you pay for it with a code of additional tough ethical standards which we he could feed his family. Needing the job ethics. were prohibited from offering in the House too much "is the largest single cause of polit A godfather strain had emerged from his due to the no-amendment procedure. These ical corruption" he knows about. He derives genial bulk during the struggle. He had lob amendments included requiring detailed undisclosed sums from his law practice and a bied fiercely, called for lists of Democratic public disclosure of all mass maiUngs sent by hospital directorship. defectors. Members, disclosure of Member and commit The members listened with aching atten O'Nelll was elected Speaker of the House tee expense vouchers, disclosure of Members' tion. Richard Nixon would be ethical because two months ago. Wednesday night, he be· relatives working !or the House, and inclu income from writing is not outlawed, while came its leader. The code of et h ics won 402- sion on the financial disclosure statements income from speeches is. 22. of positions held with any corporat ion, busi Pike rolled into a bravura. finish: "Is it not ness or union. Unfortunately, the column kind of funny to visualize some unethical wretch Uke me down in the well of the made no mention of the fact that these seri KEEP IT SWEET: DON'T BAN ous and constructive amendments were the House, being censured by the speaker for reason for our effort to open the resolution having gone home and worked during the SACCHARIN to amendment. district work period instead of going off on I am especially disturbed that Ms. Mc a junket the way he was supposed to?" Grory has apparently bought the Democratic The chamber gave him a standing ovation. HON. JAMES G. MARTIN leadership line that reforms wlll be destroyed Rep. Morgan Murphy, D-Ill., who earns al OF NORTH CAROLINA most as much as his congressional salary i! Members are permitted to offer amend IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments from the House fioor. While a. few from his Chicago law firm, said he could be Members were opposed to certain provisions accused of having some self-interest in his Tuesday, March 15, 1977 in the ethics resolution, the great majority wife, children and self-"We have grown ac were truly interested in passing a strong customed to eating." Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, all Mem ethics pack age to help restore public confi The Republicans said they craved a code bers of the House have been hearing from dence in the House. I cannot imagine any of ethics, but saw in the way it was being constituents regarding the proposal of frivolous or subversive amendments being handled, through a. "closed" rule, a. threat to the Food and Drug Administration to supported by a majority. That would have the whole democratic process as we know it." ban saccharin from the food supply. been polit ically suicidal. To Rep. John Anderson, R-Ill., who has five This is an especially critical issue, since Finally, I find tt ironic that Ms. McGrory chtldren and a lucrative lecture sideline, the saccharin is the last remaining, hereto apparently cheers the consideration of a re method suggested that the House was com fore regarded safe and legal artificial form measure under a. "closed" or no-amend posed of "a bunch of mischievous schoolboys, ment rule which has long been the bane of who are going to be inscribing graffiti on the sweetener available for public consump congressional reformers. Whatever hapoened decalogue if we are given the chance to tion. to "sunshine" and openness? Apparently they amend the work of the Obey Commission." The people are riled. must now be sacrificed !or the good of re Reoublican Leader John J. Rhodes, who They believe that no persuasive case form (we had to destroy the Hou!'e in order receives an amount exceeding hal! his con has been made that saccharin in normal to save it). We are now expected to subscribe gressional salary from an insurance com doses causes cancer in ·humans. They to an "ends justlfie~ the means" wav of doing pany, bemoaned the lack of courage-simi are puzzled and angered that FDA was things by the ma.1or1ty lea.dershtp : question lar, he thought, to the pay raise, which was required to "post the bans" on saccharin able and undemocratic tactics must be usP.rl! accepted without a vote. on the basis of bladder tumors in rats to produce a code of ethics. Rep. Joe Waggonner, a Democrat from Perhaos the most telUng a.soect of Ms. Plain Dealing, La., berated the press, which fed massive overdoses of saccharin by McGrorv's column wns her eaua.tion of "p:od was in large and gleeful attendance. He found Canadian researchers. father strain" with "leader" in referring to their presence offensive and oporess!ve. Never The people recognize that this research the manner in which the Sneaker had ram on hand during debates of b1lls "trat affect does not prove that normal doses of rodded the resolution through without every life and the very security of this cou n saccharin are unsafe. They properly in amendments. While Ms. McGrory had right try," they were adding immeasurably t<> the terpret as bizarre the analogy given by fullv condemned the "godfather strain" in complicated "emotional climate." the White House under a previous Admin the Acting Director of FDA that the ex istration. she a.ooarent now embraces the Rep. Richard Bolling, D-Mo., brought a perimental conditions are like unto a life new "godfather" of the House of Represent touch of Cromwell. time daily diet of 800 cans-12 ounces atives. The Republicans, he charged, were finding of diet soda. In fact, Mr. Speaker, no one Very truly yours, it "unbearable" to allow a. Democratic Con can swallow 800 cans of drink: the first JOHN B . ANnERSON, gress to "enact real and important reform." 50 cans would contain enough water to Member of Congress. When he w~s roundly booed, he shouted, "I don't mind their booing, let them reveal kill most of us. [From the Washington Star, Mar. 4, 1977) themselves." Put another way, one would have to RINGING WORDS DEFEND HOUSE'S OuTSIDE But the "open" rule went down by a vote gulp 1,850 half -grain saccharin tablets JOBS of 267-153. daily for life; or the same number of (By Mary McGrory) Hours later, the "earned outside income" packets of saccharin powder. That's The speaker, to judge !rom the effect on brought the whole argument to a. rolling boU nearly 4 pounds of the stuff every day. his audience, had done what every orator again. You cannot do it. dreams of, to "touch men's hearts with A younger member, Norman D'Amours, D glorv." In contrast with this is the more Rep. Otls Pike, D-N.Y .. leaned back from N.H .. stripped off the seven veils about moon reliable finding, from epidemiological the podium. as half the chamber Ieaot to H~htlng. A lawyer in civllian llfe-••no barn statistics of large human populations. burner," he a9pended modestly-he had its fePt a.nrt fl11Pd the "hamber with chPPrs. that saccharin is not harmful in normal Had he called on the country to march upon hie; election to the House been fiooded on Uganda~r the IRS? Had he summoned wit h offers to join other law firms. use. Yet under the present law the them to rush out and to welcome the spring· "I think the mere fact I was getting those Delaney Clause does not allow the FDA time? offers tends to indicate that there is a mar- or the Secretary of HEW to consider 7698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 this evidence; the ban is automatic. It is amend the Federal Water Pollution Con and hearings of Senate committees, sub absolute prohibition with zero tolerance. trol Act. This act was designed to provide committees, joint committees, and com How did this happen? Mr. Speaker, it a comprehensive program to clean up our mittees of conference. This title requires happened by legislative design as the Nation's waterways and prevent further all such committees to notify the Office most cautious way evident in 1958 to pollution. Unfortunately, the Environ of the Senate Daily Digest-designated protect the public from hazardous ex mental Protection Agency, under the by the Rules Committee-of the time, posure to carcinogenic additives to the dictates of this law, has gone overboard place, and purpose of all meetings when food supply. No one today wants the in requiring the purification of bodies of scheduled, and any cancellations or public exposed knowingly and avoid water which were not polluted to start changes in meetings as they occur. ably to substantial risk of cancer. This with. This is being done by requiring sea As an interim procedure until the is further testimony to the great con food processors to invest in expensive computerization of this information be tribution of the gentleman from New technology designed to modify their comes operational, the office of the Sen York (Mr. DELANEY) in leading the wastewater discharges. ate Daily Digest will prepare such infor examination of food additives two dec The State of Alaska, along with other mation daily for printing in the Exten ades ago. coastal States, considers the fishing in sions of Remarks section of the CoNGRES The saccharin ban controversy is the dustry to be a major part of its economic SIONAL RECORD. first clear case in 19 years since its lifeblood. Congress has shown that it too Any changes in committee scheduling adoption where tl;le public benefits of an is concerned with the welfare of fisher will be indicated by placement of an as additive to be banned under the Delaney men by passing the Fisheries Conserva terisk to the left of the name of the clause clearly exceed the public risks of tion and Management Act and by closely unit conducting such meetings. permitting its use. reviewing foreign fishing agreements. Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, Great care, however, must be exercised Yet, of what use is a revitalized fishing March 15, may be found in the Daily Di to be certain that proposals to amend industry if the fishermen are unable to gest section of today's RECORD. this standard are faithful to the basic sell their fish because processors cannot The schedule follows: principle of the Delaney concept to pro operate? MEETINGS SCHEDULED tect the public interest. There are some who will say that this MARCH 17 Accordingly, I have drafted a b111 to amendment will weaken the law. I say 9:00a.m. amend the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act that it will not. In fact, we may be doing Appropriations to authorize the Secretary of HEW to the aquatic environment a service by Agriculture Subcommittee make a finding regarding the public risks adding nutrients to the food change. To continue hearings on proposed budget and benefits of a food additive, taking Furthermore, charges that cannery estimates !or fiscal year 1978 !or the into account the best evidence and expert wastes are dangerous are largely un Department o! Agriculture. 1224 Dirksen Building judgment possible, before finding it not founded. For example, a study conducted 9:30a.m. to be safe. It is my view that such au by the University of Washington in Bris Appropriations thority is hi~;hly desirable ree-arding sub tol Bay and Kodiak, Alaska, showed "no Interior Subcommittee stances known from the best evidence serious or significant detrimental effect To continue bearings on proposed budget and expert judgment to have little risk on the ecology of marine organisms" in estimates !or fiscal year 1978 !or the in normal use by humans. My amend receiving waters in the vicinity of salm Bureau o! Indian A1fairs. ment preserves the Delaney clause, while on canneries. A subsequent study in 1114 Dirksen BuJ.lding 9:45a.m. adding what I hope many of its other Petersburg, Alaska, stated that "canning Appropriations supporters will regard as a useful im operations had little, if any, influence Defense Subcommittee provement in the light of current under on reducing the varieties of organisms." To consider Subcommittee portion ot standing. I am confident that similar studies in proposed supplemental appropriations While this proposal has been fashioned other States would show the same results. !or fiscal year 1977 for the defense with valuable technical assistance from Therefore, to prevent further economic establishment. FDA personnel and various public inter damage to this vital segment of the fish Room 8-128, Capitol ing industry, I introduce this legislation 10:00 a.m. est groups. I invite my collea'!Ues to assist Appropriations me in perfecting its provisions in hear and urge my colleagues to support it. Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov ings next Monday before the House Com The text of the bill follows; ernment Subcommittee merce Subcommittee on Health and En H.R. 5077 To continue bearings on proposed budget vironment. A b111 to amend the Federal Water Pollution estimates for fiscal year 1978 !or the My bill specifically includes an addi Control Act relating to the definition o! Committee for the Purchase o! Prod tional section, similar to those introduced the term "pollutant" ucts and Services !or the Blind and by other Members, to suspend the pro Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Other Severely Handicapped, General .Representatives of the United States of Services Administration . posed ban on saccharin until such time 1318 Dirksen Building as it is found, using the best judgment America in Congress assembled, That para graph (6) of section 502 of the Federal Appropriations contemplated under the foregoing sec Water Pollution Control Act is amended by District of Columbia Subcommittee tion, to constitute an unreasonable risk striking out the period at the end of the last To consider supplemental appropriations to the public. This unequivocal remedy sentence thereof and inserting in lieu thereof for fiscal year 1977 for the District o! for saccharin is clearly required if we are a semicolon and the following: "or (C) Columbia. to respond to the needs of millions of wastewaters resulting from commercial proc Room 8-126, Capitol essing of seafoods where such wastewaters Appropriations American consumers who, for reasons of District of Columbia Subcommittee health-diabetes, heart illness, age, and are discharged into bodies o! water affected by tidal action, the territorial sea, the con To consider supplemental appropriations metabolic problems-must restrict their tiguous zone, river currento; or the ocean, requests for fiscal year 1977 !or the use of sugar. unless the appropriate permit issuing au District o! Columbia. You will be hearing from them. I hope thority under section 402 ho.s found that the Room 8-126, Capitol this bill will assist you in responding to discharge of such wastewater from a partic Armed Services them. ular point source wm interfere with the pro To receive testimony on the fiscal year tection and propag3/tion o! a balanced, in 1978 Navy shipbuilding claims, cost growth, and other production consid digenous population of shellfish, fish, plants erations. and wildlife in, on, or on the floor o! the body AMENDMENT TO FEDERAL WATER 212 Russell Building POLLUTION CONTROL ACT of water into which the discharge is to be Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs made." To mark up S. 69 and 92, to amend and extend the Export Administration Act, HON. DON YOUNG and related matters. OF ALASKA SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS 5302 Dirksen Building IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SCHEDULED Budget To bold hearings in preparation !or re- Tuesday, March 15, 1977 Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, agreed porting the first concurrent resolution Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, to by the Senate on February 4, 1977, on the fiscal year 1978 budget. I am today introducing legislation to calls for establishment of a system for 357 Russell Building March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7699 Commerce, Science, and Transport ation Uc Works programs, to hear testimony Commerce, Science, an d Transportation Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and on national security programs. Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space 8-146, Capitol Space To resume hearings on S. 365, authoriz Commerce, Science. and Transportation To resume hearings on S. 365, authoriz ing funds for fiscal year 1978 for the To hold hearings on bills calling for ing funds for fiscal year 1978 for the National Aeronautics and Space Ad more stringent oil tanker safety st and National Aeronautics and Space Ad ministration. ards (S. 682, 586, 182, 715). ministration. 235 Russell Building 5110 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building Energy and Natural Resources 2:30p.m. MARCH 21 Subcommittee on Energy Research and Armed Services 9 :00a.m. Water Resources. To receive testimony on Naval forces and Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry To hold hearings on proposed author requirements. Subcommit tee on Foreign Agricultural ization for fiscal year 1978 for the En 212 Russell Building Policy ergy Research and Development" Ad MARCH 18 To con tinue oversight hearings on the ministration. 9:00a.m. P .L. 480 program (overseas food aid) . 3110 Dirksen Building Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 322 Russell Building F inance Subcommittee on Foreign Agricultural 9:30 a.m. To mark up H.R. 3477, to provide for a Polley Conunerce,-Science, and Transportation refund of 1976 individual income To hold oversight hearings on P.L. 480 Communications Subcommittee taxes; to reduce individual and busi programs (overseas food aid). To hold hearings to inquire into domes ness income taxes, and to simplify and Human Resources tic communications common carrier reform certain other tax provisions. Labor Subcommittee policies (i.e., telephones, computers, 2221 Dirksen BuUding To hold hearings on S. 924, to provide etc.). Foreign Relations for equal treatment of craft and in 1202 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on the following nomi dustrial workers, and to establish a Commerce, Science, ar.d Transportation nations: Gale W. McGee, of Wyoming, national framework for collective bar Subcommittee on Aviation to be Permanent Representative to the gaining in the construction industry. To hold hearings on bills proposing regu OAS, with the rank of Ambassador; Until 1 p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building latory reform in the air transportation Lucy Wilson Benson, of Massachusetts, 10:00 a.m. industry, including S. 292 and S. 689. to be Under Secretary of State of Appropriations 5110 Dirksen Building Coordinating Security Assistance pro Defense Human Resources grams; John J. Gilligan, of Ohio, to be To resume hearings on proposed budget Handicapped Subcommittee AID Administrator; Terence A. Tad estimates for fiscal year 1978 for re To hold oversight hearings on develop man, of the Virgin IslandS, to be As search, development, testing and mental dlsab111ties. sistant Secretary of State for Inter evaluation program. Room to be announced American Affairs; and Richad Hoi 1223 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. brooke, of District of Columbia, to be Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Appropriations an Assistant Secretary of State. To hold hearings on the nominations of HUn-Independent Agencies Subcommittee 4221 Dirksen Building Robert Campbell Embry, Jr., of Mary To resume hearings on proposed budget land, apd Lawrence B. Simons, of New estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Governmental Affairs National Aeronautics and Space To resume hearings on S. 591 and S. 826, York, each to be an Assistant Secre tary; and Jay Janis, of Florida, to be Adminlstra tion. to establish a Department of Energy in 1318 Dirksen Building the Federal Government to direct a Under Secretary, all of Housing and Urban Development. Appropriations coordinated national energy policy. Defense and M111tary Construction Sub 3302 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation commit tees Human Resources Merchant Marine and Tourism Subcom To hold joint hearings on the adminis Labor Subcommittee mittees tration's proposal to close the Uni To hold hearings on S. 924, to provide To hold oversight hearings on ocean formed Services University of the for equal treatment of craft and in shipping practices. Health Sciences. dustrial workers, and to establish a 235 Russell Building 1223 Dirksen Building national framework for collective bar Foreign Relations Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on Financial Institutions gaining in the construction industry. Subcommittee on Foreign Economic Polley Until 6 p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on activities To resume hearings to receive testimony of the Electronic Fund Transfer Sys Select Intelllgence on an overview of American foreign tem Commission. Subcommittee on Budget Authorization economic policy. 5302 Dirksen Building To hold closed hearings on proposed tis 4221 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources cal year 1978 authorization for Gov 10:30 a.m. 'l:o hold hearings on S. 9, to establlsh a ernment intelllgence activities. Appropriations policy for the management of oil and 5-407, Capitol •Labor-HEW Subcommittee natural gas in the Outer Continental Shelf. 10:30 a.m. To continue hearings on proposed budget Appropriations estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 3110 Dirksen Building To consider proposed appropriations for Governmental Affairs Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Permanent Subcommittee on Investiga economic stimulus programs for fiscal Health Administration, and Saint year 1977 (H.R. 4876) tions Elizabeths Hospital. To hold hearings to release a "Supple Room S-128, Capitol S-128, Capitol 2 :00p.m. mental Staff Study of Severance Pay Commerce, Science, and Transportation Life Insurance Plans Adopted by Union Appropriations To continue hearings on bllls cal11ng for Locals." Labor-HEW Subcommittee more strin~ent oil tanker safety stand 3302 Dirksen Building To consider its portion of proposed sup ards (S. 682, 586, 182, 715). 2:00p.m. plemental appropriations for fiscal 5110 Dirksen Building Appropriat ions year 1977. Human Resources Public Works Subcommitt ee Room 8-128, Capitol Health and Scientific Resources Subcom To resume hearings on proposed budget Appropriations mittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for pub Treasury, Postal Service and General Gov lic works programs, to hear representa To consider S. 754 and 755, extending tives of Environmental Research and ernment Subcommittee through fiscal year 1978 all expiring Development Administratton. To continue hearinj!s on proposed budget health pro~rams utlder the Public Room to be announced estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Health Service Act and the Community Committee for the Purchase of Prod Mental Health Centers Act. MARCH 22 ucts and Services for the Blind and Until: 12:30 p.m. 6226 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m. Other Severely Handicapped, General Appropriations 2:00p.m. Interior Subcommittee Services Administration. Appropriations 1318 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on proposed budget Labor-HEW Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Appronria tlons To continue hearings on proposed budget office of the Secretary; the Office of Public Works Subcommittee estimates for fil'cal year 1978 for the the Sollcitor; and the Navajo-Hopl Re To resume hearings on proposed budget Department of HEW. location Commission. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for Pub- 8-128, Capitol 1114 Dirksen Building 7700 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 Commerce, Science, and Transportation to reorganize certain export functions Energy and Natural Resources Communications Subcommittee of the Federal Government so a.s to Subcommittee on Energy Research and To hold hearings to inquire into domes promote more efficient administration. Water Resources tic communications common carrier 6226 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed authori policies (i.e., telephones, computers, Govern men tal Affairs zations for fiscal year 1978 for the etc.). Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Rela Energy Research and Development 235 Russell Building tions Administration. Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on S. 2, to require re 3110 Dirksen Building Subcommittee on Aviation authorization of Government programs Governmental Affairs To hold hearings on bills proposing reg at least every 5 years (proposed Sunset Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Rela ulatory reform in the air transporta Act). tions. tion industry, including S. 292 and 6226 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 2, to require re s. 689. Judiciary authorization of Government pro 5110 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on the nomination of grams at least every five years (pro Human Resources Peter F. Flaherty, of Pennsylvania, to posed Sunset Act). Handicapped Subcommittee be Deputy Attorney General. 3302 Dirksen Building To receive testimony on the administra 2228 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs - tion's legislative proposals for programs Select Intelllgence Energy Subcommittee tor the handicapped. · Subcommittee on Budget Authorization To hold hearings on S. 897, to strengthen Room to be announced To resume closed hearings on proposed U.S. policies on nonproliferation, and 10:00 a.m. fiscal year 1978 authorizations for Gov to reorganize certain export functions Appropriations ernment intelllgence activities. of the Federal Government so as to Defense Subcommittee S-407, Capitol promote more efficient administration. To continue hearings on proposed budget 2:00p.m. 6226 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1978 !or the Appropriations Select Intelllgence defense establishment, to hear officials Treasury, Postal Service, and General Gov Subcommittee on Budget Authorization of the Defense Communications ernment Subcommittee To resume closed hearings on proposed Agency, Mapping Agency, Nuclear To continue hearings on proposed budge1 fi!5cal year 1978 authorizations for Gov Agency, a..nd Supply Agency. estimates for fiscal year 1978 tor the ernment intelligence activities. 1223 Dirksen Building Department of the Treasury, the Postal S-407, Capitol Appropriations Service, and General Government, to Select Small Business Foreign Operations Subcommittee hear public witnesses. To hold hearings on S. 972. authorizing To resume hearings on proposed budget 1224 Dirksen Building the Small Business Administration to estimates for fiscal year 1978 for for Appropriations make grants to suoport the develop eign aid programs, to hear officials of Labor-HEW Subcommittee ment and ooeration of small business AID. To continue hearings on proposed budget development centers. S-126, Capitol estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Until: 1 p .m. 424 Russell Bu1ldlng Appropriations National Institute o! Education. 2:00p.m. HUn-Independent Agencies Subcommittee S-128, Capitol Aopronria tlons To continue hearings on proposed budget MARCH 23 Labor-HEW Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 9:00a.m. To continue hearings on nronosed bud~et National Aeronautics and Space Ad Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry estimates for fisr-.8.1 vear 1978 for school ministration. To continue hearings on proposed legis assistance in Federallv aft'ected areas 1318 Dirksen Building lation to amend and extend the Agri and for emergency school ald. Appropriatlons culture and Consumer Protection Act, S-128, Capitol Labor-HEW Subcommittee to hear Secretary of Agriculture Berg MARCH 24 To continue hearings on proposed budget land. 9:00 a..m. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Until: noon 322 Russell Building SelP.ct Nut.rltlon and Hnman Needs Office of the Assistant Secretary for Finance To resume heRrings to examine the rela Education and the Commissioner of To hold hearings on pending Depart tionship bP.t.ween diet and health, to Education. ments of the Treasury and HEW nomi receive testimony on beef consump S-128, Capitol nations. tion. Appropriatlons 2221 Dirksen Building Untl11 p .m. 457 Russell Bullding Treasury, Postal Service, and General Gov 9:30a.m. 9:30a.m. ernment Subcommittee Appropriations Aonronriatlons To continue hearing on proposed budget Interior Subcommittee Interior Subcommittee estimate for fiscal year 1978 for the To continue hearings on proposed budget To continue hearin!!'S on proposed budg Department of the Treasury, the estimates for fiscal year 1~7~ for the et estimates !or fiscal year 1978 for the Postal Service, and General Govern Bureau of Land Management. Smithsonian Institution. ment. 1114 Dirksen Building 1114 Dirksen Bulldlng 1224 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Commerce, Science and Transportation Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Communications Subcommittee Subcommittee on Aviation Subcommittee on Financial Institutions To hold hearings to inquire into domes To hold hearings on bills pronosin~ reg To hold oversight hearings on activities tic communication common carrier ulatory reform ln the air transporta of the Electronic Fund Transfer Sys policies (i.e., telephone, computer, tion industry, Including S. 292, and tem Commission. etc.). s. 689. 5302 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation 10:00 a.m. Budget Subcommittee on Aviation Annronriations To hold hearings in preparation for re To hold hearings on bllls proposing regu Labor-HEW Subcommittee port~ng the first concurrent resolution latory reform in the air transportation To continue hearinp;s on proposed budg on the fiscal year 1978 budget, to re industry, including S. 292 and S. 689. et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for ceive testimony on U.S. Monetary 5110 Dirksen Bulldlng programs for education of the handi policy. 10:00 a.m. capped, and for occupational, voca 357 Russell Building Approprla tlons tional, and adult education programs. En~>r~y and Natural Resources Defense Subcommittee S-128, Capitol Subcommittee on Energy Research and To hold hearln~s on certain proposed Appropriations WatE'r Resources reprogramming of funds for fiscal year Foreign Ooerations Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed authoriza 1977. To continue hearings on proposed budg tions for fiscal year 1978 for the Energy 1223 Dirksen Bulldlng et estimates !or fiscal year 1978 for Research and Development Adminis Approprla tlons forelP'n ald programs, to hear omclals tration. Labor-HEW Subcommittee of AID. 3110 Dirksen Building 1~18 nirksen Building Finance To continue hearings on proposed budg Banking. Housing, and Urban Atratrs et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for To hold hearings on legislation to extend To hold heartn2s on S. 406, the proposed the Emergency Unemployment Com elementary and secondary education Community ReinvE-stment Act. pensation Act (H.R. 4800). programs. 5302 Dirksen Bulld.lng 2221 Dirksen Bullding S-128, Capitol Commerce, Science and Transnortatlon Governmental Affairs Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Surface Transoortatton Subcommittee Energy Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 406, the proposed To hold hearin{!'S on S. 9?.2 authorizing To hold hearings on S. 897, to strengthen Community Reinvestment Act funds for fiscal year 1978 for the U.S. U.S. policies on nonproliferation, and 5902 Dirksen Building Railway Association, and on funds for March 15, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7701 the Office of Ran Publlc Council MARCH 28 Appropriations within the Interstate Commerce Com 9:30a.m. HOD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee mission. Commerce, Science, and Transportation To resume hearings on proposed budget 235 Russell Building Subcommittee on Aviation estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings on bills proposing regu Department of Housing and Urban De To hold oversight hearings on proposal latory reform in the air transporta velopment. for an international petroleum trans tion industry, including S. 292 and 1318 Dirksen Building shipment port and storage center to s. 689. Appropriationa be located on the Palau District, West 5110 Dirksen Building Labor-HEW Subcommittee ern Caroline Islands, Trust Territory 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on proposed budg of the Pacific Islands. Appropriations et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for 3110 Dirksen Building HOD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee the Office of Human Development. Energy and Natural Resources To resume hearings on proposed budget 8-128, Capitol Subcommittee on Energy Research and estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Appropriations Water Resources Department of Housing and Urban Transportation Subcommit tee To hold hearings on proposed authoriza Development. To resume hearings on proposed budget tion for fiscal year 1978 for Energy 1318 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Research and Development Adminis Appropriations Federal Railroad Administ ration tration. Public Works Subcommittee (Northeast Corridor). Room to be announced To continue hearings on proposed budget 1224 Dirksen Bullding Governmental Affairs estimates for fiscal year 1978 for pub Appropriations Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Re lic works projects, to hear Members Public Works Subcommittee lations of Congress and public witnesses. To continue hearings on proposed budg To hold hearings on S. 2, to require re Room to be announced et estimates !or fiscal year 1978 for authorization of Government pro Appropriations public works projects, to hear mem grams at least every five years (pro Transportation Subcommittee bers of Congress and public wit nesses. posed Sunset Act). To continue hearings on propoEed budget Room to be announced 6226 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Energy and Natural Resources 2:00p.m. Federal Aviation Administration. To hold hearings on proposed legislation Appropriat ions 1224 Dirksen Building dealing with utllization of coal re- Foreign Operations Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportat ion sources. To continue hearings on proposed budg Communications Subco::nmittee 3110 Dirksen Building et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for To resume hearings to inquire into do Governmental Affairs mestic communications common car foreign aid programs, to hear officials Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Re of AID. rier policies (i.e., telephones, computer, lations 1318 Dirksen Building etc.). 1202 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 2, to require re Appropriations authorization o! Government pro Labor-HEW Subcommittee Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings on proposed legislation grams at least every five years (pro To continue hearings on proposed budg posed Sunset Act). et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for dealing with ut111zation of coal re sources. 6226 Dirksen Building higher education, welfare programs, Select Intelligence and for library resources. 3110 Dirksen Building 8-128, Capitol Governmental Affairs Subcommittee on Budget Authorization MARCH 25 Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Rela To resume closed hearings on proposed 9:00a.m. tions fiscal year 1978 authorization for Gov Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry To hold hearings on S. 2 to require re ernment intelligence activities. Subcommittee on Nutrition authorization of Government pro 8-407, Capitol To hold oversight hearings on the food grams at least every 5 years (proposed 2:00p.m. stamp program. Sunset Act). Appropriations 322 Russell Building 3302 Dirksen Building Labor-HEW Subcommittee 9:30 a.m. 2:00p.m. Approprla tions To continue hearings on proposed budg Commerce, Science and Transportation et estimates !or fiscal year 1978 for Subcommittee on Aviation Public Works Subcommittee To hold hearings on b1lls proposing reg the National Technical Institute for To continue hearings on proposed budget the Deaf; the American Printing House ulatory reform in the air transporta estimates for fiscal year 1978 for public tion industry, including S. 292 and !or the Blind; Gallaudet College, and works projects, to hear Members of Howard University. s. 689. Congress and public witnesses. 8-128, Capitol 5110 Dirksen Building Room to be annqunced 10:00 a .m. Appropriations Appropriations MARCH 29 Public Works Subcommittee Defense Subcommittee 9:30a.m. To continue hearings on proposed budg To continue hearings on proposed budg Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Subcommittee on Rural Development public works projects, to hear mem Defense Establishment, to hear con To hold hearings on medicare reimburse bers of Congress and public witnesses. gressional witnesses. Room to be announced 1223 Dirksen Building ments for rural-health care clinics. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 322 Russell Building MARCH 30 To hold hearings on S. 406, the proposed Appropriations 9:30a.m. Community Reinvestment Act. Interior Subcommittee Appropriations 5302 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on proposed budget Interior Subcommittee Commerce, Science and Transportation Merchant Marine and Tourism Subcom estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To resume hearings on proposed budget Fish and Wildlife Service. estimates for fiscal year 1978 !or the mittees 1114 Dirksen Building To hold oversi~ht hearings on ocean National Park Service. shipping practices. Commerce, Science, and Transportation 1114 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building Subcommittee on Aviation Commerce, Science, and Transportation Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings on b1lls proposing reg Subcommittee on Aviation Subcommittee on Energy Research and ula tory reform in the air transporta To hold hearings on b1lls proposing reg Water Resources tion industry, including S. 292 and S. ulatory reform in the air transporta To hold hearings on proposed authoriza 689. tion industry, including S. 292, and tions for fiscal year 1978 for Energy 5110 Dirksen Building s. 689. Research and Development Adminis 10:00 a .m. 5110 Dirksen Building tration. Room to be announced Appropriations 10:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m. Defense Subcommittee Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry •veterans' Affal.rs To resume hearings on proposed budget Subcommittee on Agriculture Production, To hold hearings to receive legislative estimates for fiscal yeu- 1978 for the Marketing and Stabilization of Prices recommendations for 1977 from offi Defense Establishment to hear Con To hold oversight hearings on problems cials of Amvets. gressional witnesses. of Flue-cured tobacco farmers. UntU Noon. 1202 Dirksen Building 1223 Dirksen Building 322 Russell BuUdlni: 7702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 Appropriations 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. Defense Subcommittee Appropriations Energy and Natural Resources To continue hearings on proposed budg Defense Subcommittee Subcommittee on Energy Research and et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To continue hearings on propos~d Water Resources Defense Establishment, to hear con budget estimate for fiscal year 1978 for To hold hearings on S. 419, to test gressional witnesses. the defense establishment, to hear the commercial, environmental, and 1223 Dirksen Building public witnesses. social viability of various oil-shale Appropriations 1223 Dirksen Building technologies. Foreign Operations Subcommittee Appropriations 3110 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on proposed budget Labor-HEW Subcommitte! APRIL 4 estimates for fiscal year 1978 for for To continue hearings on proposed 10:00 a.m. eign aid programs, to hear officials of budget estimate for fiscal year 1978 for Appropriations the Export-Import Bank, and Over the Social Security Administration. HOD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee seas Private Investment Corporation. S-128, Capitol To resume hearings on proposed budgat 1318 Dirksen Building Appropriations estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Appropriations Public Works Subcommittee Department of the Treasury, on funds Labor-HEW Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed for New York City financing. To resume hearings on proposed budget budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 for 1318 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the public works projects, to hear Mem Appropriations Social and Rehabll1tation Service. bers of CO'llgress and public witnesses. Public Works Subcommittee S-128, Capitol Room to be announced To continue hearings on proposed budg Appropriations Appropriations et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for Public Works Subcommittee Transportation Subcommittee public works projects to hear Mem· To continue hearings on proposed budget To continue hearings on proposed bers of Congress and public witnesses. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for public budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 for Room to be announced works projects, to hear Members of National Highway Traffic Safety Ad Commerce Science, and Transportation Congress and public witnesses. ministration. To hold hearings on S 263, to require Room to be announced 1224 Dirksen Building Federal agencies having jurisdiction Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Commerce, Science, and Transportation Science Technology and Space Subcommit over transportation regulations to re To mark up proposed legislation on cor view their administrative laws. tee porate bribery and investment dis 235 Russell Building closure. To considerS. 365, authorizing funds for 2:00p.m. 5302 Dirksen Building fiscal year 1978 for NASA. Appropriations Energy and Natural Resources 235 Russell Building; Public Works Subcommittee Subcommittee on Public Lands a.nd Re Energy and Natural Resources To continue hearings on proposed budg sources Subcommittee on Public Lands and Re et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for To consider S. 7, to establish in the De sources public works projects to hear Mem partment of the Interior an Office of To consider S. 7, to establish in the bers of Congress and public witnesses. Surface Mining Reclamation and En Department of the Interior an Office Room to be announced forcement to administer programs to of Surface Mining Reclamation and APRIL 5 control surface coal mining operations. Enforcement to administer programs 9:30a.m. 3110 Dirksen Building to control surface coal mining opera Appropriatlons Governmental Affairs tions. Interior Subcommittee Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Rela 3110 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on proposed budget tions Foreign Relations estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To hold hearings on S. 2, to require re Subcommittee on Oceans and Interna Forest Service. authorization of Government pro tional Environment 1114 Dirksen Building grams at least every 5 years (proposed Select Small Business Sunset Act). To hold hearings on S. Res. 49, favoring international agreement to a treaty Monopoly Subcommittee 3302 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on alleged restrictive Select Intelligence requiring the propagation of an inter national environmental impact state and anticompetitive practices in the Subcommittee on Budget Authorization eye glass industry. To resume closed hearings on proposed ment for any major project expected to fiscal year 1976 authorization for Gov have significant adverse effect on the 318 Russell Bullding physical environment. 10:00 a.m. ernment intelllgence activities. Appropriations 6--407, Capitol 4221 Dirksen Building 2:00p.m. HOD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee 2:00p.m. To continue hearings on proposed budg Appropriations Appropriations et estimates for fiscal year 1978 fo1' Public Works Subcommittee Labor-HEW Subcommittee the Consumer Product Safety Com. To continue hearings on proposed budget To continue hearings on proposed mission. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for pub budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 for Room to be announcA~l lic works projects, to hear Members of the Office for Civil Rights, Inspector Appropriations Congress and public witnesses. General, Policy Research and General Public Work Subcommittee Room to be announced Management. To continue hearings on proposed budg· MARCH 31 S-128, Capitol et estimates for fiscal year 1978 fo~ 9:00a.m. Appropriations public works projects, to hear memberu Select Nutrition and Human Needs Public Works Subcommittee of Congress and public witnesses. To continue hearings to examine the Room to be announce on oroooc;ed hou«ing 5302 Dirksen Butlding APRIL 19 and community development legisla tion with a view to reporting its final MAY 4 9:30a.m. 10:00 a .m. Appropriations recommendations thereon to the Budget Committee by May 15. Appropriations Interior Subcommittee Transportation Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget 5302 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Technology To resume hearin{!'s on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the estimates !or fiscal year 1978 for the Department of the Interior and Re Consumer Subcommittee To hold oversight hearings on activities Federal Highway Administration. lated Agencies, to hear public wit 1224 Dirksen Building Of the Consumer Product Safety nesses. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 1114 Dirksen Building Commission. To consider all proposed legislation un Appropriations 5110 Dirksen Building der its jurisdiction with a view to re Transportation Subcommittee Government Affairs porting its final recommendations to To resume hearings on proposed budget Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and the Budget Committee by May 15. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the , Management Federal Aviation Administration. 5302 Dirksen Building To hold hearings to examine Government MAY 5 1224 Dirksen Bullding accounting and auditing practices and Commerce, Science, and Technology 10:00 a.m. Science, Technology, and Space Subcom procedures. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs mittee 3302 Dirksen Building To consider all proposed legislation un To hold hearings on S. 126, the pro APRIL 22 der its jurisdiction with a view to re posed Earthquake Hazards Reduction 10:00 a.m. porting its final recommendations to Act. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs the Budget Committee by May 15. 6110 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed housinJZ: 6302 Dirksen BuUd.iwZ -
7704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 15, 1977 MAY 6 MAY 12 To continue hearings on proposed budget 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for DOT, Governmental A1fairs Banking, Housing, and Urban Mairs to hear Secretary Adams. Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and 1224 Dirksen Building To consider all proposed legislation un Management MAY 24 der its jurisdiction with a view to re To hold hearings to examine Govern porting its final recommendations to 10:00 a .m. ment accounting and auditing prac Governmental Affairs the Budget Committee by May 15. tices and procedures. 5302 Dirksen Building Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and 3302 Dirksen Building Management MAY 10 MAY 18 To hold hearings to examine Govern 10:00 a .m. 10:00 a.m. ment accounting and auditing prac Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fairs Appropriations tices and procedures. 3302 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on U.S. mon Transportation Subcommittee etary policy. To continue hearings on proposed budget MAY 26 5302 Dirksen Building estimates !or fiscal year 1978 !or DOT, 10:00 a.m. Governmental Affairs to hear Secretary o! Transportation Governmental Affairs Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and Adams. Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting, and Management 1224 Dirksen Building Management To hold hearings to examine Govern To hold hearings to examine Govern 2:00p.m. ment accounting and auditing prac ment accounting and auditing prac Appropriations tices and procedures. tices and procedures. Transportation Subcommittee 3302 Dirksen Building
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