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Reading Essentials and Study Guide Glencoe Reading Essentials and Study Guide Student Workbook To the Teacher Glencoe World History Reading Essentials and Study Guide is designed to help you use recog- nized reading strategies to improve your reading-for-information skills. For each section of the student textbook, you are alerted to key terms and are asked to draw from prior knowl- edge, organize your thoughts with a graphic organizer, and then follow a process to read and understand the text. The Reading Essentials and Study Guide was prepared to help you get more from your textbook by reading with a purpose. Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Glencoe World History. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission from the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240 ISBN 0-07-865365-7 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 009 08 07 06 05 04 Table of Contents Chapter 1: The First Humans Section 1: Early Humans .........................................................................................1 Section 2: The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization.............................5 Chapter 2: Western Asia and Egypt Section 1: Civilization Begins in Mesopotamia........................................................9 Section 2: Egyptian Civilization: “The Gift of the Nile” .........................................14 Section 3: New Centers of Civilization ..................................................................20 Section 4: The Rise of New Empires......................................................................24 Chapter 3: India and China Section 1: Early Civilization in India......................................................................27 Section 2: New Empires in India ...........................................................................33 Section 3: Early Chinese Civilizations....................................................................38 Section 4: Rise and Fall of Chinese Empires..........................................................44 Chapter 4: Ancient Greece Section 1: The First Greek Civilizations .................................................................48 Section 2: The Greek City-States ...........................................................................52 Section 3: Classical Greece ....................................................................................57 Section 4: The Culture of Classical Greece ............................................................62 Section 5: Alexander and the Hellenistic Kingdoms ..............................................67 Chapter 5: Rome and the Rise of Christianity Section 1: The Rise of Rome..................................................................................71 Section 2: From Republic to Empire ......................................................................76 Section 3: Culture and Society in the Roman World .............................................81 Section 4: The Development of Christianity ..........................................................85 Section 5: Decline and Fall ....................................................................................89 Chapter 6: The World of Islam Section 1: The Rise of Islam ..................................................................................92 Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors .....................................................96 Section 3: Islamic Civilization..............................................................................101 Section 4: The Culture of Islam ...........................................................................104 Chapter 7: Early African Civilizations Section 1: The Development of Civilizations in Africa.........................................108 Section 2: Kingdoms and States of Africa............................................................112 Section 3: African Society and Culture ................................................................116 Chapter 8: The Asian World Section 1: China Reunified ..................................................................................120 Section 2: The Mongols and China ......................................................................124 iii Section 3: Early Japan and Korea ........................................................................128 Section 4: India After the Guptas ........................................................................134 Section 5: Civilization in Southeast Asia .............................................................138 Chapter 9: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire Section 1: Transforming the Roman World .........................................................143 Section 2: Feudalism ...........................................................................................147 Section 3: The Growth of European Kingdoms....................................................151 Section 4: The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades ............................................156 Chapter 10: Europe in the Middle Ages Section 1: Peasants, Trade, and Cities .................................................................161 Section 2: Christianity and Medieval Civilization ................................................167 Section 3: The Culture of the High Middle Ages..................................................171 Section 4: The Late Middle Ages .........................................................................175 Chapter 11: The Americas Section 1: The Peoples of North America............................................................180 Section 2: Early Civilizations in Mesoamerica .....................................................184 Section 3: Early Civilizations in South America ...................................................188 Chapter 12: Renaissance and Reformation Section 1: The Renaissance .................................................................................191 Section 2: The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance............................................196 Section 3: The Protestant Reformation................................................................200 Section 4: The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response....................205 Chapter 13: The Age of Exploration Section 1: Exploration and Expansion .................................................................210 Section 2: Africa in an Age of Transition.............................................................215 Section 3: Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade ......................................218 Chapter 14: Crisis and Absolutism in Europe Section 1: Europe in Crisis: The Wars of Religion ...............................................222 Section 2: Social Crises, War, and Revolution .....................................................226 Section 3: Response to Crisis: Absolutism...........................................................231 Section 4: The World of European Culture..........................................................235 Chapter 15: The Muslim Empires Section 1: The Ottoman Empire ..........................................................................239 Section 2: The Rule of the Safavids.....................................................................244 Section 3: The Grandeur of the Moguls...............................................................247 Chapter 16: The East Asian World Section 1: China at Its Height ..............................................................................252 Section 2: Chinese Society and Culture ...............................................................256 Section 3: Tokugawa Japan and Korea ................................................................259 iv Chapter 17: Revolution and Enlightenment Section 1: The Scientific Revolution ....................................................................264 Section 2: The Enlightenment..............................................................................269 Section 3: The Impact of the Enlightenment........................................................274 Section 4: Colonial Empires and the American Revolution..................................279 Chapter 18: The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1: The French Revolution Begins ............................................................284 Section 2: Radical Revolution and Reaction ........................................................289 Section 3: The Age of Napoleon..........................................................................294 Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 1: The Industrial Revolution ...................................................................299 Section 2: Reaction and Revolution.....................................................................304 Section 3: National Unification and the National State .......................................309 Section 4: Culture: Romanticism and Realism .....................................................315 Chapter 20: Mass Society and Democracy Section 1: The Growth of Industrial Prosperity...................................................319 Section 2: The Emergence of Mass Society..........................................................323
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