Glencoe Reading Essentials and Study Guide Student Workbook To the Teacher Glencoe World History Reading Essentials and Study Guide is designed to help you use recog- nized reading strategies to improve your reading-for-information skills. For each section of the student textbook, you are alerted to key terms and are asked to draw from prior knowl- edge, organize your thoughts with a graphic organizer, and then follow a process to read and understand the text. The Reading Essentials and Study Guide was prepared to help you get more from your textbook by reading with a purpose. Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Glencoe World History. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission from the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240 ISBN 0-07-865365-7 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 009 08 07 06 05 04 Table of Contents Chapter 1: The First Humans Section 1: Early Humans .........................................................................................1 Section 2: The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization.............................5 Chapter 2: Western Asia and Egypt Section 1: Civilization Begins in Mesopotamia........................................................9 Section 2: Egyptian Civilization: “The Gift of the Nile” .........................................14 Section 3: New Centers of Civilization ..................................................................20 Section 4: The Rise of New Empires......................................................................24 Chapter 3: India and China Section 1: Early Civilization in India......................................................................27 Section 2: New Empires in India ...........................................................................33 Section 3: Early Chinese Civilizations....................................................................38 Section 4: Rise and Fall of Chinese Empires..........................................................44 Chapter 4: Ancient Greece Section 1: The First Greek Civilizations .................................................................48 Section 2: The Greek City-States ...........................................................................52 Section 3: Classical Greece ....................................................................................57 Section 4: The Culture of Classical Greece ............................................................62 Section 5: Alexander and the Hellenistic Kingdoms ..............................................67 Chapter 5: Rome and the Rise of Christianity Section 1: The Rise of Rome..................................................................................71 Section 2: From Republic to Empire ......................................................................76 Section 3: Culture and Society in the Roman World .............................................81 Section 4: The Development of Christianity ..........................................................85 Section 5: Decline and Fall ....................................................................................89 Chapter 6: The World of Islam Section 1: The Rise of Islam ..................................................................................92 Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors .....................................................96 Section 3: Islamic Civilization..............................................................................101 Section 4: The Culture of Islam ...........................................................................104 Chapter 7: Early African Civilizations Section 1: The Development of Civilizations in Africa.........................................108 Section 2: Kingdoms and States of Africa............................................................112 Section 3: African Society and Culture ................................................................116 Chapter 8: The Asian World Section 1: China Reunified ..................................................................................120 Section 2: The Mongols and China ......................................................................124 iii Section 3: Early Japan and Korea ........................................................................128 Section 4: India After the Guptas ........................................................................134 Section 5: Civilization in Southeast Asia .............................................................138 Chapter 9: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire Section 1: Transforming the Roman World .........................................................143 Section 2: Feudalism ...........................................................................................147 Section 3: The Growth of European Kingdoms....................................................151 Section 4: The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades ............................................156 Chapter 10: Europe in the Middle Ages Section 1: Peasants, Trade, and Cities .................................................................161 Section 2: Christianity and Medieval Civilization ................................................167 Section 3: The Culture of the High Middle Ages..................................................171 Section 4: The Late Middle Ages .........................................................................175 Chapter 11: The Americas Section 1: The Peoples of North America............................................................180 Section 2: Early Civilizations in Mesoamerica .....................................................184 Section 3: Early Civilizations in South America ...................................................188 Chapter 12: Renaissance and Reformation Section 1: The Renaissance .................................................................................191 Section 2: The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance............................................196 Section 3: The Protestant Reformation................................................................200 Section 4: The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response....................205 Chapter 13: The Age of Exploration Section 1: Exploration and Expansion .................................................................210 Section 2: Africa in an Age of Transition.............................................................215 Section 3: Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade ......................................218 Chapter 14: Crisis and Absolutism in Europe Section 1: Europe in Crisis: The Wars of Religion ...............................................222 Section 2: Social Crises, War, and Revolution .....................................................226 Section 3: Response to Crisis: Absolutism...........................................................231 Section 4: The World of European Culture..........................................................235 Chapter 15: The Muslim Empires Section 1: The Ottoman Empire ..........................................................................239 Section 2: The Rule of the Safavids.....................................................................244 Section 3: The Grandeur of the Moguls...............................................................247 Chapter 16: The East Asian World Section 1: China at Its Height ..............................................................................252 Section 2: Chinese Society and Culture ...............................................................256 Section 3: Tokugawa Japan and Korea ................................................................259 iv Chapter 17: Revolution and Enlightenment Section 1: The Scientific Revolution ....................................................................264 Section 2: The Enlightenment..............................................................................269 Section 3: The Impact of the Enlightenment........................................................274 Section 4: Colonial Empires and the American Revolution..................................279 Chapter 18: The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1: The French Revolution Begins ............................................................284 Section 2: Radical Revolution and Reaction ........................................................289 Section 3: The Age of Napoleon..........................................................................294 Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 1: The Industrial Revolution ...................................................................299 Section 2: Reaction and Revolution.....................................................................304 Section 3: National Unification and the National State .......................................309 Section 4: Culture: Romanticism and Realism .....................................................315 Chapter 20: Mass Society and Democracy Section 1: The Growth of Industrial Prosperity...................................................319 Section 2: The Emergence of Mass Society..........................................................323