National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Space Technology Mission Directorate Program and Budget Update

Joint Meeting of the Aeronautics and Space Engineer Board, Space Studies Board

Presented by: Jim Reuter STMD Deputy Associate Administrator for Programs

April 26, 2016

www.nasa.gov/spacetech Space Technology… …. an Investment for the Future

• Enables a new class of NASA missions Addresses National Needs

beyond low Earth Orbit. A generation of studies and reports (40+ since 1980) document the need for • Delivers innovative solutions that regular investment in new, dramatically improve technological transformative space technologies. capabilities for NASA and the Nation. • Develops technologies and capabilities that make NASA’s missions more affordable and more reliable. • Invests in the economy by creating markets and spurring innovation for traditional and emerging aerospace business. Over 700 STMD projects w/ Academic Partnerships • Engages the brightest minds from academia and small businesses in solving NASA’s tough technological challenges. Benefits from STMD: Value to NASA Value to the Nation The NASA Workforce Academia Small Businesses The Broader Aerospace Enterprise

2 Space Technology Mission Directorate

Commercial PartnershipsConnues maturaon of promising low TRL technologies from CIF, SBIR, etc… Game Changing Development Game Changing Development Program SBIR/STTR Program Flight Opportunities Program Centennial Challenges Program Regional Economic Development Small Spacecraft Mid TRL Small Spacecra Technologies Program

Low TRL High TRL

Early Stage NASA Innovave Adv Concepts Program Space Technology Research Grants Program Technology Demonstrations Center Innovaon Fund Program Technology Demonstraon Missions Program

3 3 Enabling Future Exploration Missions

Space Technology focus investments in 8 thrust areas that are key to future NASA missions and enhance national space capabilities.

Advanced Entry In- Space High Life Support Descent and Space Lightweight Space Propulsion Bandwidth & Resource Landing Robotic Space Deep Space Observatory Space Comm Utilization Systems Systems Structures Navigation Systems Create improvements Substantially Human exploration Permits more Extends our reach by Targets large Allows for more Allows for significant in thrust levels, increase available missions beyond low capable science helping us remotely decreases in capable science gains in science specific power, and bandwidth and data earth orbit will require and future human explore planetary structural mass for and human capabilities including: alternatives to rates for near earth highly reliable missions to terrestrial bodies, manage in- launch vehicles and exploration coronagraph traditional chemical and deep space, technologies (e.g. bodies. Includes, space assets and spacecraft materials missions; enables technology to propulsion systems for currently limited by reclaiming water hypersonic and support in-space using nanotech, more precise entry characterize exo- destination-agnostic, power and frequency reuse of trash, air supersonic operations by composites and in trajectories for planets, advances in deep space allocation limits. revitalization) to aerodynamic enhancing the efficacy space manufacturing inserting into orbits surface materials and exploration spacecraft Assure robust and minimize resupply decelerators, next- of our operations. capabilities. around planets and better control systems gen TPS materials, bodies like Mars, for large space optics. systems. reliable requirements and Europa, and Titan. interconnected increase retro-propulsion, space network. independence from instrumentation External Application: earth. and modeling. External Application: Human-safe Robotics External External Application: External Industrial Materials External Application: External Application: for industrial use, Application: Enhanced propulsion Application: and Composites for External Application: Mining Industry and Returning commercial disaster response, & Next Generation capabilities for High bandwidth for large structures Industrial Materials, other closed assets from space and overall autonomous GPS and build new Commercial and OGA Commercial and research from ISS (rockets, aircraft) Earth Observation Satellites OGA Satellites environments; OGA operations industrial base

4 FY 2017 Budget Request

FY 2016 Notional Plan Budget Authority ($M) FY 2017 Initial Op FY 2015 FY 2018 FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 Plan

Agency Technology & Innovation (AT&I) $31.3 $31.5 $34.3 $35.0 $35.7 $36.4 $37.1

SBIR & STTR $190.7 $200.9 $213.0 $213.2 $213.5 $213.8 $213.8

Space Technology Research & Development (STR&D) $378.3 $451.0 $579.4 $456.2 $469.3 $482.7 $496.6

Early Stage $43.6 $51.0 $82.4 $83.8 $85.2 $86.7 $88.2

Commerical Partnerships $14.2 $19.9 $22.9 $23.3 $23.8 $24.3 $24.8

S Game Changing Development (GCD) $129.3 $123.8 $158.4 $111.1 $117.6 $124.3 $131.2 T R Technology Demonstration Missions (TDM) $172.0 $236.0 $288.9 $210.5 $214.8 $219.0 $223.4 & D In-Space Robotic Servicing (ISRS) / Restore-L $10.0 $133.0 $130.0 $66.3 $67.6 $69.0 $70.4

All other TDM Projects $162.0 $103.0 $158.9 $144.2 $147.1 $150.1 $153.1

Small Spacecraft Technologies (SST) $19.3 $20.3 $26.8 $27.3 $27.9 $28.4 $29.0

TOTAL SPACE TECHNOLOGY $600.3 $683.4 $826.7 $704.4 $718.5 $732.9 $747.5

5 TDM Portfolio

Notional

Green Propellant Infusion Mission TDM Goal: Bridge the gap between early developments and mission Deep Space Atomic Clock infusion by maturing crosscutting, system- level, technologies through demonstration Tipping Point & Announcement of Collaborative Opportunity in a relevant operational environment

Laser Communications Relay Demonstration

Evolvable Cryogenics Evolvable Cryogenics

Restore-L Satellite Servicing

Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment

Terrain Relative Navigation

Solar Electric Propulsion

Legend Ground Demo Deep Space Optical Communications Flight Demo 6 Restore-L Satellite Servicing

NASA’s Restore-L is a groundbreaking mission that uses robotic technology to rendezvous with and refuel a government-owned satellite in low Earth orbit, autonomously and via remote control.

The primary mission objective is to advance technologies critical for human and commercial spaceflight infrastructure including the following to operational status: • autonomous rendezvous capability with a satellite not designed for servicing

• robotic capture and servicing Rendezvous & • non-cooperative refueling Prox Ops System* Servicing Avionics*

Dexterous Preliminary schedule: Robotics* • FY 2016: MCR and KDP-A • FY 2017: SRR/MDR and KDP-B Robotic Tools & Tool Drive* • FY 2019: LRD (notional) Fluid Transfer

*Aligns with ARRM Technologies 7 Solar Electric Propulsion

Developing & demonstrating SEP components for NASA exploration missions and commercial applications • Reduced mass and more efficient packaging of solar arrays for more capable and affordable commercial satellites (2x lighter and 4 times less stowed volume for amount of electricity produced than commercially ATK Megaflex testing available arrays) • High-power Hall thrusters with magnetic shielding for all-electric commercial satellites and other applications (2.5x power level of highest powered electric thrusters in use; withstands 4x more radiation exposure) • SEP technology demonstration is planned for the Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission (ARRM) DSS ROSA testing Electric Thrusters and Power Processing Unit (PPU) • Demonstrated full performance compatibility between thruster and PPUs • Electric Propulsion System Procurement RFP released in July 2015 • NASA selected Aerojet Rocketdyne to design and develop an advanced electric propulsion system, April 2016 ATK Ultraflex array on Cygnus Infusion Successes: • Space Systems Loral signed agreement with DSS for STMD developed ROSA solar arrays on future commercial communication satellites (CDR completed; targeting GEO satellites launching in 2018) • Orbital ATK flew Ultraflex array on Cyngus cargo spacecraft in December 12.5 kW, 3,000 s 2015 that employed STMD-sponsored technology advancements hot-fire thruster test 8 Laser Communication Relay Demonstration

Demo Description (STMD/HEOMD): • Two-year flight demonstration to advance optical communications technology toward infusion into operational systems while growing the capabilities of industry (FY2019 Launch Readiness Date) Objectives: • Demonstrate bidirectional optical communication between GEO and Earth • Measure and characterize system performance over a variety of conditions • Provide on-orbit capability for test and demonstration of standards for optical relay communications • Transfer laser communication technology to industry for future missions • DoD Partnership to add encryption capability Anticipated Benefits: • A reliable, capable, cost effective optical communication technology for infusion into future operational systems Anticipated Mission Use: • Next-gen TDRS and near-earth science; ISS & human spaceflight • LCRD project is taking major steps toward commercialization and infusion into industry 9 GPIM & DSAC Missions

Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM) Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC)

GPIM is a multi-partner effort between NASA and industry DSAC is a NASA JPL-led effort that will validate a miniaturized, that will demonstrate dramatic improvements to overall ultra-precise mercury-ion atomic clock that is 100 times more propellant efficiency while reducing toxic handling concerns stable than today’s best navigation clocks.

Objectives: Objectives:

• Demonstrate the on-orbit performance of a complete AF- • Develop advanced prototype (Demo Unit) mercury-ion M315E propulsion system suitable for an ESPA-class atomic clock for navigation/science in deep space & Earth spacecraft • Focus on maturing the new technology – ion trap and optical • Demonstrate AF-M315E steady-state performance of systems – other system components (i.e. payload delivered volumetric impulse at least 40% greater than controllers, USO, GPS) size, weight, power (SWaP) hydrazine dependent on resources/schedule Team: Team:

• Ball Aerospace – Build spacecraft & host payload • JPL – Build clock system & operate payload • Aerojet – Green Propellant Propulsion Subsystem • Surrey – Host mission provider; integrate & operate OTB • NASA – Modeling & Testing • Moog Broad Reach – GPS Receiver • AFRL – Propellant Loading • Frequency Electronics – Ultra Stable Oscillator • AF SMC – Ground Stations & Operations • Laboratory for Atmospheric Space Physics – UV Detector

Mission Launch GPS Ball BCP 100 Launch Provider Satellites Spacecraft USAF STP-2

Rocket Vendor SpaceX Falcon Heavy

Launch Site KSC; Launch Complex-39A

Green Propellant Launch Date Propulsion Subsystem 1st Quarter – CY 2017 10 STMD Public-Private Partnerships

STMD continues to foster partnerships with the commercial space sector for expanding capabilities and opportunities in space.

Objective: Deliver critical space technologies needed for future missions by leveraging previous investment by U.S. industry and providing new opportunities for collaboration that accelerate development and utilization.

Market Research Revealed Two Categories of Industry-led Space Technologies: • Those at a “tipping point”, where a final demonstration or validation would result in rapid adoption and utilization - - “STMD Tipping Point Solicitation” • Those that could directly benefit from NASA’s unique experience, expertise, facilities - - “STMD Announcement of Collaboration Opportunity (ACO)”

Results: • Both Tipping Point and ACO were released May 2015 • Topics included: Robotic In-Space Manufacturing, Small S/C Systems, Remote Sensing Instrumentation, Advanced Thermal Protection, Launch Systems Development • Nine Tipping Point and Thirteen ACO industry-led projects selected November 2015 • Issue new Tipping Point solicitation in late FY16 and ACO in FY17

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Game Changing Development Program*

• Low Cost Upper Stage AEDL • Resource Prospector Rover • Additive Construction for Mobile • Entry Systems Modeling • National Robotics Initiative RRAS Emplacement • Mars Entry Descent and Landing • Pop-Up Flat Folding Explorer Robotics • Bulk Metallic Glass LMAM Instrument (MEDLI-2) (PUFFER) • Manufacturing Initiative • Propulsive Descent Technology • Astro Bee • Materials Genome Initiative • Heatshield for Extreme Entry • Autonomous Cryo Loading Operations • National Center for Advanced Environment TPS (HEEET) Manufacturing • Conformal Ablative TPS • National Nanotechnology Institute • Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Lightweight Revolutionary Materials and • Nanotechnology: Ultra-light Core Decelerator (HIAD) Robotics and Advanced Materials; Wires and Cables • Adaptable, Deployable Entry Autonomous Manufacturing Placement Technology (ADEPT) Systems (RRAS) (LMAM)

Advanced Entry, Future Propulsion Descent and Landing and Energy (AEDL) Systems (FPES) Affordable Destination Systems and Instruments (ADSI) • Advanced Energy Storage Systems • High Performance Spaceflight • Extreme Environment Solar Power Computing (HPSC) • Affordable Vehicle Avionics • Ultra-Low Temperature Batteries • Nuclear Thermal Propulsion • Thick Gamma Cosmic Ray Shield FPES • Ultra-Low Temperature Radiation • Iodine Hall Thruster • SpaceCraft Oxygen Recovery Hard Electronics • Upper Stage Engine Testing • High Performance EVA Gloves • Station Explorer for X-Ray Timing • Design & Manufacture Cryo Prop Tank • TPS Phase Change Material and Navigation Technology for Air Launched Liquid Rocket (SEXTANT) • High-Capacity Cryocooler • Flight Qualification of 5N Green • Landing Guidance Navigation and • Synthetic Biological Membrane Monopropellant Thruster Control ADSI • Icy Body Mobility * Not a complete project list 12 Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP)

Goal: Address critical challenges Path to fielding an NTP system that is relevant to establishing the viability within NASA’s resources could depend of NTP as a faster, more efficient, on a shift from highly enriched uranium to and more affordable alternative on low enriched uranium (LEU) fuel deep space exploration missions elements Why NTP? • Faster transit times and reduced crew radiation hazards • Reduced architectural mass and HIP can assembly fewer SLS launches for pure W samples 7-hole W-UO2 in CFEET and post • Decreased sensitivity to mission testing up to 2500 C prior to welding departure and return dates NTP Development Challenges Being Addressed Key GCD Project Deliverables (FY16-18) • Reactor fuel design that achieves higher • Scale up production of isotopically pure tungsten temperature while minimizing erosion and fission product release • Design, develop, and manufacture low enriched • Focus on establishing an NTP design based around uranium fuel element segments suitable for testing LEU fuel elements to enable an affordable NTP − Goal to enable use of LEU for space reactors system • NTP engine design utilizing LEU fuel elements • Mature critical technologies associated with LEU fuel • System-level assessment and cost estimate for a element materials and manufacturing potential future NTP development and • Evaluate the implications of using LEU on NTP demonstration effort to assess NTP viability for engine design to establish that the engine can human exploration transportation systems affordably meet the NTP performance requirements 13 Partnering with Universities to Solve the Nation’s Challenges

U.S. Universities have been very successful in responding to STMD’s competitive solicitations • STMD-funded university space technology research spans the entire roadmap space • More than 135 U.S. universities have led (or are STTR partners on) more than 900 awards since 2011 • In addition, there are many other partnerships with other universities, NASA Centers and commercial contractors • FY 2017 request will enable and increase in awards to academia.

# University-led Program # awards Upcoming Opportunities awards • Early Career Faculty Space Technology 373 373 • Early Stage Innovations Annually Research Grants • NASA Space Technology Research Fellowships • NIAC Phase I NIAC 117 38 Annually • NIAC Phase II Game Changing Various topics released as Appendices to 50 18 Annually Technology Dev SpaceTech-REDDI Smallsat Technology Partnerships Cooperative Small Spacecraft 34 21 Agreement Notice (released as Appendix to Annually Technology SpaceTech-REDDI)

Tech advancement utilizing suborbital flight Twice Flight Opportunities 139 67 opportunities – NRA to U.S. Universities, Annually non-profits and industry are planned. 246 w/ univ Annual STTR solicitation STTR 263 partners 4 Challenges 40 teams (9 univ- • One or more challenges annually Centennial (2 university- led, 2 univ-led • Challenge competitions with a procurement track to Challenges run) winners) fund university teams via grants 14 Key Milestones in 2016-17

Deep Space Green Atomic Clock Propellant Infusion Mission

Solar Electric Propulsion

Small Spacecraft Technology

Restore L Satellite Laser Communication Servicing Relay Demonstration 15 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Technology Drives Exploration

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