DOCSLIB.ORG

DTJ 9 15 35 55.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DTJ 9 15 35 55.Pdf Öz Çal›flmada 843-1204 y›llar› aras›nda, baflkent olarak tüm ekonomik, sosyal, ‹stanbul’da Orta Bizans mimari geliflmelerin merkezi durumundaki Konstantinopolis’te infla edilerek, günümüze ulaflabilen kiliselerden: Vefa Kilise, Atik Mustafa Pafla, Fethiye Dönemi’ne Ait Üç An›t ‹le (Pammakaristos Manast›r› Kilisesi) camileri koruma disiplini aç›s›ndan incelenmifltir. Bu yap›lar ve çevrelerinin özgün niteliklerinin korunmas›, kentsel Çevrelerinin Bütünleflik belle¤in süreklili¤i ve içinde bulunduklar› dokuyla bütünleflik de¤er oluflturmalar› aç›lar›ndan önemlidir. Ortaça¤ ‹stanbul’un- Olarak Korunmas› ‹çin dan günümüze, mimari üsluplar›, mekan tasar›mlar›, opus sectile, mozaik, fresk ve keramoplastik bezeme ö¤eleriyle, eflsiz birer tarihi belge niteli¤i tafl›yan bu üç an›t, Öneriler dönemlerinin yap›m tekniklerinin, estetik de¤erlerinin, mimari ve sosyal ortamlar›n›n Mine ESMER anlafl›lmas›na olanak sa¤lamaktad›r. Vefa, Çarflamba, Ayvansaray semtlerinde bulunan Plato Meslek Yüksekokulu, Mimari Restorasyon Program› bu önemli an›tlar, uzun süren bak›ms›zl›k Zeynep AHUNBAY ve koruma yönünde tutarl› bir program ‹stanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarl›k Fakültesi, Mimarl›k Bölümü olmamas› sonucu tahribe aç›kt›r. Ele al›nan üç an›t ve çevreleriyle ilgili ayr›nt›l› tarih- sel araflt›rma, hassas ölçümler, foto¤raf ve çizimle belgeleme yap›lm›fl ve koruma sorunlar› irdelenmifltir. Girifl öncelikle, atl› araba yar›fllar›n›n ise Yenikap› kurtarma kaz›lar› sonucunda, azalarak ortadan kalkt›¤›, halk›n daha içe Abstract The three Middle Byzantine-era monuments geçmiflinin günümüzden 8500 y›l öncesine dönük ve din odakl› bir yaflam biçimini (Vefa Kilise Camii, Atik Mustafa Pafla uzand›¤› anlafl›lan ve ‹stanbul’un bugün benimsedi¤i ‹konk›r›c› dönemin ard›ndan Camii and Fethiye Camii-Pammakaristos Tarihi Yar›mada olarak isimlendirilen gelen Orta Bizans döneminde, dini Monastery Church), which have been handled in this study, highlight the urban suriçi bölgesi, bin seneyi aflk›n süre Do¤u yap›lara, özellikle manast›rlara verilen fabric and are unique historical assets Roma ‹mparatorlu¤u’nun baflkenti önem artm›fl; yeni malzeme yerine which convey valuable information about the architectural styles, building tech- olmufltur. Bu alandaki kent gelifliminde devflirme malzeme kullan›lm›flt›r (Magdalino niques, decorative arts and social life of the Do¤u Roma ‹mpartorlu¤u’nun önemli bir 2002, 529). Bu dönemde yap› boyutlar›, plan Middle Ages. It is as important for their neighborhoods as the monuments them- yeri vard›r. Tarihi Yar›mada üzerinde, biçimleri, yap›m teknikleri ve selves to preserve the authentic features, UNESCO taraf›ndan Dünya Miras› malzemeleriyle özelleflen yeni bir mimari for the sustainability of the urban memory üslup özellikle kilise mimarisinde kendini and integrated value of a monument with Listesi’ne al›nan dört alan içinde de Do¤u its physical and social environment. In the Roma ‹mparatorlu¤u’na ait an›tlar çok göstermifltir (Ousterhout 2001, 3). course of the study, data from library and katmanl› kültür miras›n›n önemli bir archival research were collected, photographic surveys, measured drawings parças›n› oluflturur. Do¤u Roma ‹mpara- Çal›flmada hedeflenen 843-1204 y›llar› on the sites, descriptions and chronological torlu¤u’ndan günümüze ulaflan mimari aras›nda, baflkent olarak tüm ekonomik, analyses were prepared and evaluated in the scope of architectural conservation miras içinde karakteristik özellikleri ve sosyal, mimari geliflmelerin merkezi discipline. Bearing in mind the earthquake yap›m teknikleri ile Orta Bizans dönemi durumunda bulunan ‹stanbul’da infla risk, proposals for maintenance, repair, edilerek, günümüze ulaflabilen kiliselerden management and utilization of the (843-1204) kiliseleri bu çal›flman›n architectural and archeological values konusunu oluflturmaktad›r. üçünün (Vefa Kilise Camii, Atik Mustafa Pafla were put forward. Bizans mimarisi ve toplumunun sosyal Camii, Fethiye Camii ve Müzesi) incelenerek, Anahtar Kelimeler: ‹stanbul, Orta Bizans Dönemi, Kilise, Vefa yap›s›, Orta Bizans dönemini haz›rlayan yap›m teknikleri, malzemeleri, bilinen Kilise Camii, Atik Mustafa Pafla Camii, ‹konk›r›c› dönemde (7.yy. bafl›-843), onar›mlar›, bugünkü kullan›mlar› ve Fethiye Camii ve Müzesi, Pammakaristos Manast›r› Kilisesi, Dünya Miras›, Koruma. radikal olarak de¤iflmifl, nüfusun ve suyun çevreleriyle birlikte korunma sorunlar›n› Keywords: azalmas›yla büyük hamamlar kullan›lamaz saptamakt›r. ‹ncelenen yap›lar›n üçünün Istanbul, Middle Byzantine Period, Church, Kilise Camii, Atik Mustafa Pafla Camii, duruma gelmifltir (Magdalino 1990, 165). de Geç Bizans (1261-1453), Osmanl› ve Fethiye Camii/Pammakaristos Tiyatro, pandomim ve mim gösterilerinin Cumhuriyet dönemlerine ait ek ve Church/Museum, World Heritage, Peservation, Conservation. Say› 15, 2013 35 Mine Esmer, Zeynep Ahunbay onar›mlar› da çal›flma kapsam›nda ele yetkililerin mimarl›k miras›n›n 1 www.icomos.org.tr/.../ICO- al›nm›flt›r. korunmas›n da özel ve yayg›n MOSTR_0551444001353672589.doc Bu üç an›t ve çevrelerinin özgün nitelik- sorumluluklar› olmal›d›r ve bütünleflik lerinin korunmas›, kentsel belle¤in koruma ilkelerini uygularken, kentsel ve süreklili¤i ve içinde bulunduklar› dokuyla k›rsal topluluklardaki mevcut toplumsal ve bütünleflik de¤er oluflturmalar› aç›lar›ndan fiziksel gerçeklerin süreklili¤ini de hesaba önemlidir. Ortaça¤ ‹stanbul’undan katmak zorundad›rlar. Gelecek, geçmiflin günümüze, mimari üsluplar›, mekan pahas›na kurulamaz ve kurulmamal›d›r. Resim: 1 tasar›mlar›, opus sectile, mozaik, fresk ya Çal›flmada ele al›nan Süleymaniye ile Kilise Camii, da keramoplastik bezeme ö¤eleriyle, eflsiz Fener-Balat-Ayvansaray Kentsel kuzeybat›dan bak›fl (Esmer 2007) birer tarihi belge niteli¤i tafl›makta olan bu Bölgeleri, 2006’da yenileme alan› ilan Resim: 2 üç yap›, dönemlerinin yap›m tekniklerinin, edilmifllerdir. Ancak söz konusu alanlar Vefa Kilise Camii yak›n estetik de¤erlerinin, mimari ve sosyal Dünya Miras› Alan› içinde veya etkileflim çevresi, sarn›çlar mavi, Müflküle Sokak’tan ortamlar›n›n anlafl›lmas›na olanak bölgesinde yer almaktad›rlar. Yenileme ulafl›lan geçit ve oda ile sa¤lamaktad›r. Uzun zamand›r kapsaml› gibi bir kavramla bafltan z›t düflmeleri bir ‹stanbul Üniversitesi alan›nda kalan yap› bir bilimsel araflt›rman›n konusunu yana, ulusal ve uluslararas› koruma kal›nt›s› ise sar› renkle oluflturmayan bu yap›lara, önemleri ve mevzuat› çerçevesinde korunmas› gereken belirtilmifltir (Esmer çevrelerinin de acil müdahale gerektirmesi çok boyutlu bir kültür miras› içermekte- 2012, 273) Resim: 3 dolay›s›yla öncelik verilmifltir. dirler. Bu alanlarda uygulamaya Kilise Camii, d›flnarteks Bu dönemden günümüze ulaflan yap›lar›n sokulmaya çal›fl›lan yenileme projeleri mozaikleri detay (Esmer 2009). çevreleri, örne¤in içinde Vefa Kilise toplum yarar›n› de¤il, rant› ve ya¤may› Camisi’ni bar›nd›ran Süleymaniye öne ç›karmaktad›r. ‹stanbul’daki bu Bölgesi, Fethiye Camisinin bulundu¤u çöküntü bölgelerinin, yaflayanlar›n›n da Çarflamba ve Atik Mustafa Pafla kat›l›m› ile iyilefltirilmesi, toplumsal ç›kar- Camisi’nin bulundu¤u Ayvansaray semt- lar› gözeten, kat›l›mc›, fleffaf ve leri, son elli y›l içinde çöküntü bölgelerine denetlenebilir uygulamalar yürütülmesi dönüflmüfltür. Bu bölgelerdeki gerek gerekmektedir. Cumhuriyet dönemi, gerek daha öncesine ait kültürel miras, düflük gelir ve e¤itime 1. Kilise Camii ve Vefa Semti sahip kullan›c›lar›n elindedir. Bu durum, ‹stanbul’da, Süleymaniye kentsel çevreleri ile bir bütün oluflturan, bölgesindeki Vefa Semti’nde bulunan bulundu¤u fiziksel ve sosyal çevreden Kilise Camii’nin (fiekil 1) Bizans soyutlanamayan yap›lar›n, koruma bilinci olmayan kifliler taraf›ndan tahrip edilmesi Resim: 1 sonucunu do¤urmaktad›r. 1969’da Brüksel’de yap›lan Avrupa Konferans›’ndan itibaren, koruma kavram›n›n, “mimari miras” deyimi ile çevresiyle uyumlu ve kent planlama politikalar› ile “bütünleflmifl” bir kavram olarak kabulüne karar verilmifltir. 1975 y›l›nda kabul edilen Amsterdam Bildirgesi1 ’ne göre, bütünleflik koruma yerel yetkililerin sorumlulu¤unu da kapsar ve yurttafllar›n kat›l›m›n› gerektirir. Yerel 36 Say› 15, 2013 ‹stanbul’da Orta Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Üç An›t ‹le Çevrelerinin Bütünleflik Olarak Korunmas› ‹çin Öneriler dönemindeki as›l ad› konusunda kesin ileri sürmüfltür. Kilise Camii civar›nda bir bilgi yoktur (Müller-Wiener 2007, 169) bulunan sarn›çlar›n söz konusu (Resim 1). O dönemdeki flehir planlamas›na manast›rlara ait oldu¤u düflünülmektedir göre X. Regio’da, üçüncü tepenin bat› (Resim 2). Özellikle, Kilise Camii’nin yamac›nda yer almaktad›r (Müller-Wiener bat›s›nda ve güneyinde yer alan sarn›çlar, 2007, 169). Günümüzde, Molla fiemseddin yak›nl›klar› dolay›s›yla Kilise Camii ile Gürani Camii olarak da tan›nan eserin iliflkili olmal›d›rlar. Kilise Camii’nin güneybat›s›nda yer alan Müflküle Sokak’taki bir hurdac›dan, zemin seviyesi alt›ndaki bir geçit ve geçidin sonunda bir odaya ulafl›lmaktad›r (Resim 2). Kilise Camii d›flnarteks kubbelerinde yer alan mozaikler, ‹stanbul’da, yeniden Helenistik geleneklere dönülen bir Resim: 2 Resim: 3 vâk›f› fieyhü’l-islam Molla Gürani’dir rönesans olarak nitelendirilen Palaiologos (Ayvansarayi, 251). devri resim sanat›n›n, Fethiye ve Kariye camilerindeki fresk ve mozaiklerle ile 19. yy. tarihçilerinden ço¤u (Bayet, Lenoir, birlikte günümüze ulaflan en önemli üç Salzenberg), yap›n›n, Hz. Meryem’e örne¤inden biridir (Resim 3). sunulmufl olan Theotokos kiliselerinden biri oldu¤unu düflünmüfller ve kitaplar›nda Yap›n›n bat› cephesi önünde Bizans yap›y› bu flekilde adland›rm›fllard›r. döneminde farkl› bir merdiven bulundu¤u, Yap›n›n as›l ad› konusunda, yayg›n 1937’deki bir kanalizasyon inflaat› olarak kullan›lan di¤er bir isim ise s›ras›nda Mamboury taraf›ndan ortaya Theodoros’dur (Pulgher 1878, 22). Ancak, ç›kar›lm›flt›r. Mevcut durumdaki çift kilisenin hangi Theodoros kilisesi oldu¤u tarafl› merdiven yerine, cepheye dik, konusunda görüfl ayr›l›¤› vard›r; zira, tek ç›k›fl yönü bulunan bir merdivenin Bizans döneminde, flehirde, bu azize kal›nt›lar› görülmüfltür (Mamboury 1938, 307). adanan onalt› kiliseden söz edilmektedir (Janin 1953, 155-62). Yap›n›n çevresi Ad›n› 1550-1559 y›llar› aras›nda Kanuni Mango (1958, 429), Kilise Camii’nin Vefa Sultan Süleyman taraf›ndan yapt›r›lan civar›nda, 14.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Evaluation of Vanadium Enrichment in the Eastern Shelf Sediments of the Turkish Black Sea
    ISSN:2148-9173 IJEGEO Vol: 4(2) May 2017 International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO) is an international, multidisciplinary, peer reviewed, open access journal. An Evaluation of Vanadium Enrichment in the Eastern Shelf Sediments of the Turkish Black Sea Selma Ünlü, Bedri Alpar Editors Prof. Dr. Cem Gazioğlu, Prof. Dr. Dursun Zafer Şeker, Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Tanık, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şinasi Kaya Scientific Committee Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hasan Abdullah (BL), Assist. Prof. Dr. Alias Abdulrahman (MAL), Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdullah Aksu, (TR); Prof. Dr. Hasan Atar (TR), Prof. Dr. Lale Balas (TR), Prof. Dr. Levent Bat (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Füsun Balık Şanlı (TR), Prof. Dr. Nuray Balkıs Çağlar (TR), Prof. Dr. Bülent Bayram (TR), Prof. Dr. Şükrü T. Beşiktepe (TR), Dr. Luminita Buga (RO); Prof. Dr. Z. Selmin Burak (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gürcan Büyüksalih (TR), Dr. Jadunandan Dash (UK), Assist. Prof. Dr. Volkan Demir (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hande Demirel (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Demirel (TR), Dr. Arta Dilo (NL), Prof. Dr. A. Evren Erginal (TR), Dr. Alessandra Giorgetti (IT); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Gündüz (TR), Prof. Dr. Abdulaziz Güneroğlu (TR); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kensuke Kawamura (JAPAN), Dr. Manik H. Kalubarme (INDIA); Prof. Dr. Fatmagül Kılıç (TR), Prof. Dr. Ufuk Kocabaş (TR), Prof. Dr. Hakan Kutoğlu (TR), Prof. Dr. Nebiye Musaoğlu (TR), Prof. Dr. Erhan Mutlu (TR), Assist. Prof. Dr. Hakan Öniz (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hasan Özdemir (TR), Prof. Dr. Haluk Özener (TR); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Barış Salihoğlu (TR), Prof. Dr. Elif Sertel (TR), Prof. Dr. Murat Sezgin (TR), Prof. Dr. Nüket Sivri (TR), Assoc.
    [Show full text]
  • A Sustainable View to Fener ‐ Balat District
    Papers A Sustainable View to Fener ‐ Balat District Kishali E. Politecnico di Milano, Building Environment Science Technology (BEST) [email protected] Grecchi M. Politecnico di Milano, Building Environment Science Technology (BEST) [email protected] TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES AND DISTRICT REHABILITATION Sustainable rehabilitation and preservation strategies in historic quarters Industrialisation, started with Industrial Revolution in mid 18th century by the invention of machines but advanced fast in early 19th century by establishing factories in large areas, has changed various aspects of life in terms of economy, architecture, design, and construction, rate of production, social life and politics. However one aspect, the nature, became very important in architecture field when there have been various and serious problems on four basic elements of planet: earth, air, water and fire. All these elements have been influenced badly after industrialisation period due to high demand for rapid and heavy construction regarding the all aspects above. Nowadays, in architecture it is inevitable to find a link between nature and construction, engineering and design to preserve the resources of life which can be called sustainability. This link is very essential in today's new architectural designs to sustain environment but it is more interesting and difficult to find the sustainable link for historical buildings which were constructed during economical revolutions. The structures were constructed with peculiar technology, serviceability in its own environment and definite district, as the time passes the possibility to withstand changing environment conditions would become complicated. In this paper, historical residential buildings, constructed in 19th century in Fener – Balat Istanbul, Turkey, an important example of cultural heritage district, will be analysed in terms of three different views.
    [Show full text]
  • Advocacy Planning in Urban Renewal: Sulukule Platform As the First Advocacy Planning Experience of Turkey
    Advocacy Planning in Urban Renewal: Sulukule Platform As the First Advocacy Planning Experience of Turkey A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Community Planning of the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning by Albeniz Tugce Ezme Bachelor of City and Regional Planning Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Turkey January 2009 Committee Chair: Dr. David Varady Submitted February 19, 2014 Abstract Sulukule was one of the most famous neighborhoods in Istanbul because of the Romani culture and historic identity. In 2006, the Fatih Municipality knocked on the residents’ doors with an urban renovation project. The community really did not know how they could retain their residence in the neighborhood; unfortunately everybody knew that they would not prosper in another place without their community connections. They were poor and had many issues impeding their livelihoods, but there should have been another solution that did not involve eviction. People, associations, different volunteer groups, universities in Istanbul, and also some trade associations were supporting the people of Sulukule. The Sulukule Platform was founded as this predicament began and fought against government eviction for years. In 2009, the area was totally destroyed, although the community did everything possible to save their neighborhood through the support of the Sulukule Platform. I cannot say that they lost everything in this process, but I also cannot say that anything was won. I can only say that the Fatih Municipality soiled its hands. No one will forget Sulukule, but everybody will remember the Fatih Municipality with this unsuccessful project.
    [Show full text]
  • European Journal of Turkish Studies, 19 | 2014, « Heritage Production in Turkey
    European Journal of Turkish Studies Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey 19 | 2014 Heritage Production in Turkey. Actors, Issues, and Scales - Part I Producing an Official Heritage in a Time of "Neo-Ottomanism": Critical Approaches La fabrique du patrimoine en Turquie. Acteurs, enjeux, échelles - Partie I Le patrimoine officiel au prisme du « néo-ottomanisme » : approche critique Muriel Girard (dir.) Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ejts/4930 DOI: 10.4000/ejts.4930 ISSN: 1773-0546 Publisher EJTS Electronic reference Muriel Girard (dir.), European Journal of Turkish Studies, 19 | 2014, « Heritage Production in Turkey. Actors, Issues, and Scales - Part I » [Online], Online since 17 December 2014, connection on 28 March 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ejts/4930 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ejts.4930 This text was automatically generated on 28 March 2020. © Some rights reserved / Creative Commons license 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Ce que nous apprend le patrimoine de l’État et de la société turcs : vue d’ensemble sur ce numéro double English version also available Muriel Girard 1.a. Making of categories, setting-up the instruments Le discours sur la protection du patrimoine en Turquie des Tanzimat à nos jours Stéphane Yerasimos Heritagisation of the “Ottoman/Turkish House” in the 1970s: Istanbul-based Actors, Associations and their Networks Ipek Türeli Insurmountable Tension? On the Relation of World Heritage and Rapid Urban Transformation in Istanbul Vivienne Marquart 1.b. Ottoman heritage as narratives and assets Re-creating history and recreating publics: the success and failure of recent Ottoman costume dramas in Turkish media. Josh Carney Civil Society’s History: New Constructions of Ottoman Heritage by the Justice and Development Party in Turkey Gizem Zencirci 1.c.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Spaces in a Holy City. Crossing Religious Boundaries in Istanbul at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century
    9 (2019) Article 1: 34–56 Sacred Spaces in a Holy City. Crossing Religious Boundaries in Istanbul at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century MÉROPI ANASTASSIADOU-DUMONT INALCO/CERMOM, Paris, France This contribution to Entangled Religions is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC BY 4.0 International). The license can be accessed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. Entangled Religions 9 (2019) http://doi.org/10.13154/er.v9.2019.34–56 Méropi Anastassiadou-Dumont Sacred Spaces in a Holy City. Crossing Religious Boundaries in Istanbul at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century MÉROPI ANASTASSIADOU-DUMONT INALCO/CERMOM ABSTRACT The article examines Muslim pilgrimages to Christian places of worship in Istanbul after the 1950s. It aims to answer whether and how the Ottoman heritage of cultural diversity fits or does not fit with the pattern of the nation-state. After a brief bibliographic overview of the issue of shared sacred spaces, the presentation assembles, as a first step, some of the key elements of Istanbul’s multi-secular links with religious practices: the sanctity of the city both for Christianity and Islam; the long tradition of pilgrimages and their importance for the local economy; meanings and etymologies of the word pilgrimage in the most common languages of the Ottoman space; and the silence of the nineteenth century’s Greek sources concerning the sharing of worship. The second part focuses more specifically on some Orthodox Greek sacred spaces in Istanbul increasingly frequented by Muslims during the last decades. KEY WORDS Istanbul; Turkey; Greek-Orthodox; Christians; Muslims; pilgrimages; sacred places; sharing; holy city; relics; Hıderellez; St.
    [Show full text]
  • Arcadius 8; (Column
    index INDEX 319 Arcadius 8; (column of) 184 Balat 213–14 Archaeological Museum 93ff Baldwin, Count of Flanders 15 Argonauts, myth of 259, 263, 276 Balıklı Kilisesi 197–98 Major references, in cases where many are listed, are given in bold. Numbers in italics Armenian, Armenians 25, 189, 192, Balkapanı Han 132 are picture references. 193, 241–42, 258, 278; (Cemetery) Baltalimanı 258 268; (Patriarchate) 192 Balyan family of architects 34, 161, 193; Arnavutköy 255 (burial place of) 268 A Alexander, emperor 67 Arsenal (see Tersane) Balyan, Karabet 34, 247 Abdülaziz, sultan 23, 72, 215, 251; Alexander the Great 7; (sculptures of) 96 Ashkenazi Synagogue 228 Balyan, Kirkor 34, 234 (burial place of) 117 Alexander Sarcophagus 94, 95 Astronomer, office of 42 Balyan, Nikoğos 34, 246, 247, 249, Abdülhamit I, sultan 23, 118; (burial Alexius I, emperor 13, 282 At Meydanı (see Hippodrome) 252, 255, 274, 275 place of) 43 Alexius II, emperor 14 Atatürk 24, 42, 146, 237, 248; Balyan, Sarkis 34, 83, 247, 258, 272, Abdülhamit II, sultan 23, 251, 252, Alexius III, emperor 14 (Cultural Centre) 242; (Museum) 243; 267 278; (burial place of) 117 Alexius IV, emperor 15 (statue of) 103 Bank, Ottoman 227 Abdülmecit I, sultan 71, 93, 161, 164, Alexius V, emperor 15 Atik Ali Pasha 171; (mosque of) 119 Barbarossa, pirate and admiral 152, 247; (burial place of) 162 Ali Pasha of Çorlu, külliye of 119–20 Atik Mustafa Paşa Camii 216 250, 250; (burial place of) 250; Abdülmecit II, last caliph 24 Ali Sufi, calligrapher 157, 158 Atik Sinan, architect 130, 155, 212; (ensign
    [Show full text]
  • The Hagia Sophia in Its Urban Context: an Interpretation of the Transformations of an Architectural Monument with Its Changing Physical and Cultural Environment
    THE HAGIA SOPHIA IN ITS URBAN CONTEXT: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF AN ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENT WITH ITS CHANGING PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences of İzmir Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Architecture by Nazlı TARAZ August 2014 İZMİR We approve the thesis of Nazlı TARAZ Examining Committee Members: ___________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Zeynep AKTÜRE Department of Architecture, İzmir Institute of Technology _____________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Ela ÇİL SAPSAĞLAM Department of Architecture, İzmir Institute of Technology ___________________________ Dr. Çiğdem ALAS 25 August 2014 ___________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Zeynep AKTÜRE Supervisor, Department of Architecture, İzmir Institute of Technology ____ ___________________________ ______________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şeniz ÇIKIŞ Prof. Dr. R. Tuğrul SENGER Head of the Department of Architecture Dean of the Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Assist.Prof.Dr.Zeynep AKTÜRE for her guidance, patience and sharing her knowledge during the entire study. This thesis could not be completed without her valuable and unique support. I would like to express my sincere thanks to my committee members Assist. Prof. Dr. Ela ÇİL SAPSAĞLAM, Dr. Çiğdem ALAS, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erdem ERTEN and Assist. Prof. Dr. Zoltan SOMHEGYI for their invaluable comments and recommendations. I owe thanks to my sisters Yelin DEMİR, Merve KILIÇ, Nil Nadire GELİŞKAN and Banu Işıl IŞIK for not leaving me alone and encouraging me all the time. And I also thank to Seçkin YILDIRIMDEMİR who has unabled to sleep for days to help and motivate me in the hardest times of this study.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fener Greek Patriarchate
    PERCEPTIONS JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS March - May 1998 Volume III - Number 1 THE FENER GREEK PATRIARCHATE A. SUAT BİLGE Dr. A. Suat Bilge is Professor of International Relations and Ambassador (retired). A controversy concerning the Fener Greek Patriarchate started in Turkey in 1997. It was stated that the Patriarchate could be used both for and against the interests of Turkey. On the one hand, it was claimed that the Patriarchate had intentions to establish itself as an ecumenical church and become a state like the Vatican; that the Orthodox world was trying to gain power in Turkey. On the other hand, some people stated that Turkey could benefit from the prestigious position of the Patriarchate and suggested an improvement in its status. First of all, I want to stress that the Patriarchate no longer enjoys the importance it once possessed in Greek-Turkish relations. Today, the Patriarchate is trying to become influential in Turkish-American relations. The Fener Greek Patriarchate is a historical religious institution. After the division of the Roman Empire, it became the church of the Byzantine Empire and obtained the status of an ecumenical church. With the collapse of the Byzantine Empire, the Patriarchate became the church of the Greeks living within the Ottoman Empire. Besides its functions as a religious institution, the Patriarchate was also granted the right to act as a ministry of Greek affairs by Mehmet II. He granted increased authority and privileges to the Patriarch. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Fener Greek Patriarchate became the church of the Greeks living within the Republic of Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • Destination: Turkey
    Destinations / JOURNEY 066-071 Dest.JOURNEY.0517.indd 66 4/10/17 12:22 PM At the crossroads of the world, the layers of history offer an almost impossible list of things to do and see. BY MELANIE HAIKEN 066-071 Dest.JOURNEY.0517.indd 67 4/10/17 12:22 PM Destinations / JOURNEY ’M BLINKING IN the bright sunlight of Taksim ISTANBUL Square, squinting down at a small piece of note- I had a head start here, as Linnea, studying abroad at world- book paper covered with my daughter Linnea’s renowned Boğaziçi University, had already been in Turkey cramped but tidy writing. On one side, an almost for a jam-packed six weeks and had charted a distraction- ridiculously long list of things she says I absolutely free course for me to follow. And thanks to her adventurous Imust do during my time in Istanbul, divided carefully (read: risk-taking) tendencies, I found myself following her into neighborhoods and itineraries. And on the other suggestions to visit places most other tourists miss. side of the paper, step-by-step instructions for catching Take the colorful streets, mosques and cafes of Fener, the funicular and M1 tram that will take me down to the Balat and Fatih, some of Istanbul’s most traditional city’s oldest — and ridiculously picturesque — neigh- Islamic neighborhoods, where chador-clad women borhood, Sultanahmet. On today’s list alone: the Blue throng the markets and men play chess and gossip in the Mosque (officially Sultan Ahmed), multiple museums, cafe-lined squares. Instead of beelining to Chora Church Topkapi Palace with its grand gardens, and the Basilica to see its splendid Byzantine mosaics and frescoes depict- Cistern, the eerie sixth-century underground water ing the life of Christ, I took a ferry to Balat and zigzagged system of Constantinople.
    [Show full text]
  • Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, C. 1450–C. 1750
    Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Tijana Krstić and Derin Terzioğlu - 9789004440296 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 06:32:06AM via free access Islamic History and Civilization Studies and Texts Editorial Board Hinrich Biesterfeldt Sebastian Günther Honorary Editor Wadad Kadi volume 177 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ihc Tijana Krstić and Derin Terzioğlu - 9789004440296 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 06:32:06AM via free access Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Edited by Tijana Krstić Derin Terzioğlu LEIDEN | BOSTON Tijana Krstić and Derin Terzioğlu - 9789004440296 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 06:32:06AM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 648498). Cover illustration: “The Great Abu Sa’ud [Şeyhü’l-islām Ebū’s-suʿūd Efendi] Teaching Law,” Folio from a dīvān of Maḥmūd ‘Abd-al Bāqī (1526/7–1600), The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
    [Show full text]
  • Ayasofya Müzesi Yilliği Annual of Hagia Sophia Museum
    Ayasofya Müzesi Yayınları: XVII AYASOFYA MÜZESİ YILLIĞI ANNUAL OF HAGIA SOPHIA MUSEUM No:14 İstanbul 2014 AYASOFYA MÜZESİ YAYINLARI: XVII AYASOFYA MÜZESİ YILLIĞI ANNUAL OF HAGIA SOPHIA MUSEUM No: 14 İstanbul 2014 AYASOFYA MÜZESİ YAYINLARI Yayın No:17 Aralık 2014 – İSTANBUL Tasarım ve Uygulama: Nuray Erden Baskı-Cilt: Yılmazlar Basım Adres: Topkapı - İstanbul Tel: 0212 565 56 82 Ön Kapak: Ayasofya “Şehnâme-i Selim Hân” adlı eserden Nakkaş Osman ve Ali Nakkaş 6 Zilhicce 988 (Ocak 1581) Minyatür, 27 x 19 cm İstanbul, Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi A.3595, y. 156a. Arka Kapak: Ayasofya Külliyesi- Fotoğraf: Güngör Özsoy - 2005 Yayın Kurulu Prof. Dr. Zeynep AHUNBAY Prof. Dr. Selçuk MÜLAYİM Prof. Dr. Asnu Bilban YALÇIN Ayasofya Müzesi Yıllığı Yazışma Adresi: Ayasofya Müzesi Müdürlüğü Sultanahmet/İstanbul-Türkiye e-posta: [email protected] Adress for Correspondence: Directore of Hagia Sophia Museum Sultanahmet / Istanbul-Turkey e-mail: [email protected] Copyright© Yıllığın bu baskısı için Türkiye’deki yayın hakları AYASOFYA MÜZESİ ’ne aittir. Her hakkı saklıdır. Hiçbir bölümü ve paragrafı kısmen veya tamamen ya da özet halinde fotokopi, faksimile veya başka herhangi bir şekilde çoğaltılamaz, dağıtılamaz. Normal ve kanuni iktibaslarda kaynak gösterilmesi zorunludur. Yıllıktaki makalelerden yazarları sorumludur. AYASOFYA MÜZESİ YILLIĞI ANNUAL OF HAGIA SOPHIA MUSEUM İÇİNDEKİLER Önsöz Yerine Hayrullah CENGİZ, Ayasofya Müzesi Müdür Vekili . 7 Ayasofya İçin Bibliyografya Denemesi Prof. Dr. Selçuk MÜLAYİM . 13 Aya İrini Kilisesi Deprem Performans Değerlendirmesi ve Güçlendirme Projesi Hazırlanması Prof. Dr. Mustafa ERDİK . 50 Tarihi Kaynaklar Işığında Aya Sofya’nın Altıncı Yüzyıl Süslemesine Dair Bazı Notlar Asnu-Bilban YALÇIN . 94 Ayasofya’nın Aydınlatma Analizi Doç. Dr. Mehlika İNANICI .
    [Show full text]
  • Sulukule Ve Çingeneleri*
    SULUKULE VE ÇİNGENELERİ* Süleyman Faruk GÖNCÜOĞLU Şükriye Pınar YAVUZTÜRK Öz İstanbul’un eğlence hayatında önemli bir yer tutan bu çingeneler kendilerini diğer çingenelerden ayrı bir kategoriye oturtmuşlardır. Özellikle saz çalmada, dans etmede, şarkı söylemede kısacası çengilik alanında saldıkları ün dolayısıyla bu ayrımın kendiliğinden belirdiği görülmektedir. Keza kendileri de bu farkı betimlemek amacıyla çingene isminden ziyade “Roman” olarak kendilerini tanımlamışlardır. Önceleri sur dışında ikâmet eden bu çingeneler 1826 yılından itibaren sur içine girmeye başlamış, Topkapı ile Edirnekapı arasına yerleşenler Sulukule Çingeneleri olarak tanınmışlardır. Yaşam tarzları, giyim kuşamları, şiveleriyle toplum içinde kendilerini hemen belli eden bu insanlar viraneye benzeyen yapılarda yaşamaktaydılar. Sulukule’de, Osmanlı tebaasından normal insanların yapmayacağı meslekleri icra edenler bulunsa da bu meslekler çengicilik kadar yoğun değildi. Bir zamanların rağbet gören eğlence anlayışı çengiciliğe, dolayısıyla Sulukule’ye gösterilen ilginin azalması 1850 yılından takiben başlayan ve 20. yüzyıl başlarından itibaren kendini iyice hissettiren batılı eğlence tarzlarının Beyoğlu gibi semtlerde revaç bulmasıyla başlamıştır. Yakın dönemde çingenelerin evlerini eğlence mekânı olarak müşterilerine açmaları da 1990’lı yılların başında son bulmuştur. Ancak dönemin Emniyet Müdürü tarafından evlerinin kapattırılması bu mesleğe son vermemiş, bunların yer altına çekilmesine hatta çingenelerin fuhşa yönelmesine neden olmuştur. Günümüzde ise bu mahalle
    [Show full text]