DOCSLIB.ORG

Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA § 311.12

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA § 311.12 Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA § 311.12 shall apply for actinomycosis and acti- (6) Azoturia. nobacillosis, and carcasses of livestock (7) Infectious equine encephalomye- with generalized lesions of either such litis. disease shall be condemned. (8) Toxic encephalomyelitis (forage (b) Carcasses of livestock in a well- poisoning). nourished condition showing uncompli- (9) Infectious anemia (swamp fever). cated localized lesions of actinomy- (10) Dourine. cosis or actinobacillosis may be passed (11) Acute influenza. for human food after the infected or- (12) Generalized osteoporosis. gans or other infected parts have been (13) Glanders (farcy). removed and condemned, except as pro- (14) Acute inflammatory lameness. vided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this (15) Extensive fistula. section. (b) Carcasses of livestock affected (c) Heads affected with actinomy- with or showing lesions of any of the cosis or actinobacillosis, including the following named diseases or conditions tongue, shall be condemned, except shall be condemned, except when re- that when the disease of the jaw is covery has occurred to the extent that slight, strictly localized, and without only localized lesions persist, in which suppuration, fistulous tracts, or lymph case the carcass may be passed for node involvement, the tongue, if free human food after removal and con- from disease, may be passed, or, when demnation of the affected organs or the disease is slight and confined to the other parts: lymph nodes, the head including the (1) Anaplasmosis. tongue, may be passed for human food (2) Bacillary hemoglobinuria in cat- after the affected nodes have been re- tle. moved and condemned. (3) Babesiosis (piroplasmosis). (d) When the disease is slight and (4) Bluetongue. confined to the tongue, with or without (5) Hemorrhagic septicemia. involvement of the corresponding (6) Icterohematuria in sheep. lymph nodes, the head may be passed (7) Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. for human food after removal and con- (8) Leptospirosis. demnation of the tongue and cor- (9) Malignant epizootic catarrh. responding lymph nodes. [35 FR 15569, Oct. 3, 1970, as amended at 36 FR 12004, June 24, 1971] § 311.10 Anaplasmosis, anthrax, babesiosis, bacillary hemo- § 311.11 Neoplasms. globinuria in cattle, blackleg, bluetongue, hemorrhagic septi- (a) An individual organ or other part cemia, icterohematuria in sheep, in- of a carcass affected with a neoplasm fectious bovine rhinotracheitis, lep- shall be condemned. If there is evi- tospirosis, malignant epizootic ca- dence of metastasis or that the general tarrh, strangles, purpura condition of the animal has been ad- hemorrhagica, azoturia, infectious versely affected by the size, position, equine encephalomyelitis, toxic or nature of the neoplasm, the entire encephalomyelitis (forage poi- carcass shall be condemned. soning), infectious anemia (swamp fever), dourine, acute influenza, (b) Carcasses affected with malignant generalized osteoporosis, glanders lymphoma shall be condemned. (farcy), acute inflammatory lame- ness, extensive fistula, and § 311.12 Epithelioma of the eye. unhealed vaccine lesions. (a) Carcasses of animals affected with (a) Carcasses of livestock affected epithelioma of the eye, or the orbital with or showing lesions of any of the region shall be condemned in their en- following named diseases or conditions tirety if one of the following three con- shall be condemned: ditions exists: (1) Anthrax. (1) The affection has involved the os- (2) Blackleg. seous structures of the head with ex- (3) Unhealed vaccine lesions tensive infection, suppuration, and ne- (vaccinia). crosis; (4) Strangles. (2) There is metastasis from the eye, (5) Purpura hemorrhagica. or the orbital region, to any lymph 143 VerDate Sep<11>2014 12:13 Mar 29, 2019 Jkt 247029 PO 00000 Frm 00153 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Q:\09\9V2.TXT PC31 § 311.13 9 CFR Ch. III (1–1–19 Edition) node including the parotid lymph node, ucts thereof may give rise to food poi- internal organs, muscles, skeleton, or soning shall be condemned. This in- other structures, regardless of the ex- cludes all carcasses showing signs of: tent of the primary tumor; or (1) Acute inflammation of the lungs, (3) The affection, regardless of ex- pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, or tent, is associated with cachexia or evi- meninges. dence of absorption or secondary (2) Septicemia or pyemia, whether changes. puerperal, traumatic, or without any (b) Carcasses of animals affected with evident cause. epithelioma of the eye, or the orbital (3) Gangrenous or severe hemorrhagic region, to a lesser extent than as de- enteritis or gastritis. scribed in paragraph (a) of this section (4) Acute diffuse metritis or may be passed for human food after re- mammitis. moval and condemnation of the head, (5) Phlebitis of the umbilical veins. including the tongue, provided the car- (6) Septic or purulent traumatic peri- cass is otherwise normal. carditis. (7) Any acute inflammation, abscess, § 311.13 Pigmentary conditions; mela- or suppurating sore, if associated with nosis, xanthosis, ochronosis, etc. acute nephritis, fatty and degenerated (a) Except as provided in § 311.19, car- liver, swollen soft spleen, marked pul- casses of livestock showing generalized monary hyperemia, general swelling of pigmentary deposits shall be con- lymph nodes, diffuse redness of the demned. skin, cachexia, icteric discoloration of (b) The affected parts of carcasses the carcass or similar condition, either showing localized pigmentary deposits singly or in combination. of such character as to be unwholesome (8) Salmonellosis. or otherwise adulterated shall be re- (b) Implements contaminated by con- moved and condemned. tact with carcasses affected with any of the disease conditions mentioned in § 311.14 Abrasions, bruises, abscesses, this section shall be thoroughly pus, etc. cleaned and sanitized as prescribed in All slight, well-limited abrasions on part 308 of this subchapter. The equip- the tongue and inner surface of the lips ment used in the dressing of such car- and mouth, when without lymph node casses, such as viscera trucks or in- involvement, shall be carefully excised, spection tables, shall be sanitized with leaving only sound, normal tissue, hot water having a minimum tempera- which may be passed for human food. ture of 180 °F. Carcasses or parts of car- Any organ or other part of a carcass casses contaminated by contact with which is badly bruised or which is af- such diseased carcasses shall be con- fected by an abscess, or a suppurating demned unless all contaminated tissues sore shall be condemned; and when the are removed within 2 hours. lesions are of such character or extent as to affect the whole carcass, the § 311.17 Necrobacillosis, pyemia, and whole carcass shall be condemned. Por- septicemia. tions of carcasses which are contami- From the standpoint of meat inspec- nated by pus or other diseased material tion, necrobacillosis may be regarded shall be condemned. as a local infection at the beginning, and carcasses in which the lesions are § 311.15 Brucellosis. localized may be passed for human food Carcasses affected with localized le- if in a good state of nutrition, after sions of brucellosis may be passed for those portions affected with necrotic human food after the affected parts are lesions are removed and condemned. removed and condemned. However, when emaciation, cloudy swelling of the parenchymatous tissue § 311.16 Carcasses so infected that con- of organs or enlargement of the lymph sumption of the meat may cause nodes is associated with the infection, food poisoning. it is evident that the disease has pro- (a) All carcasses of animals so in- gressed beyond the condition of local- fected that consumption of the prod- ization to a state of toxemia, and the 144 VerDate Sep<11>2014 12:13 Mar 29, 2019 Jkt 247029 PO 00000 Frm 00154 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Q:\09\9V2.TXT PC31.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Study Sheet #1
    Pathogens 1. Acinetobacter a. A. calcoaceticus i. Animals, Man – Opportunistic Infections 2. Actinobacillus a. A. actinomycetemocomitans i. Animals – Opportunistic Infection ii. Man – Opportunistic Infection b. A. equuli i. Equine – Actinobacillosis c. A. lignieresii i. Bovine – Actinobacillosis d. A. pleuropneumoniae i. Porcine – Pleuropneumonia 3. Aeromonas a. A. hydrophilia i. Animals, Man – Opportunistic Infection 4. Alcaligenes a. Alcaligenes species i. Animals, Man – Opportunistic Infection 5. Bacillus a. B. anthracis i. Animals, Man – Anthrax b. B. cereus i. Man – Food Poisoning 6. Bordetella a. B. bronchiseptica i. Canine – Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough) ii. Porcine – Atrophic Rhinitis b. B. pertussis i. Man – Pertussis (Whooping Cough) 7. Brucella a. B. abortus i. Bovine –Abortion, Orchitis b. B. canis i. Canine - Abortion, Orchitis c. B. melitensis i. Ovine - Abortion, Orchitis d. B. ovis i. Ovine - Abortion, Orchitis e. B. suis i. Porcine - Abortion, Orchitis 8. Burkholderia a. B. mallei i. Equine – Glanders b. B. pseudomallei 9. Campylobacter a. C. fetus fetus i. Ovine – Epizootic abortion b. C. fetus veneralis i. Bovine – Campylobacteriosis c. C. jejuni i. Man – Enteritis d. i. Animal, Man – Melioidosis 10. Clostridium a. C. botulimum i. Animals, Man – Botulism b. C. chauvoei i. Bovine – Blackleg c. C. perfringens i. Ovine – Enterotoxemia ii. Man – Gas Gangrene d. C. tetani i. Animals, Man – Tetanus 11. Corynebacterium a. C. diphtheriae i. Man – Diphtheria b. C. psuedotuberculosis i. Ovine – Caseous lymphadenitis c. C. renale i. Bovine – Contagious pyelonephritis 12. Dermatophilus a. D. congolensis i. Animals, Man – Dermatophilosis 13. Erysipelothrix a. E. rhusiopathiae i. Porcine – Erysipelas ii. Man – Erysipeloid 14. Enterococcus species a. Opportunistic pathogens of humans and domestic animals b.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Skin Infections
    BACTERIAL SKIN INFECTIONS SPEAKER: DR LUIZ ALBERTO BOMJARDIM PÔRTO DERMATOLOGIST BRAZIL MRSA INFECTIONS • Concept: Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus • Epidemiology: Gradual increase of resistance. • Nosocomial MRSA risk factors: Hospitalization, ICU, invasive procedures, previous antibiotic therapy, health professionals, diabetes mellitus, EV drugs, immunosuppression and chronic diseases. MRSA INFECTIONS • Community MARSA risk factors: Children, EV drugs, indigenous, homosexual men, military, prisoners and athletes. • Microorganisms more virulent by genetic characteristics. MRSA INFECTIONS • Clinic caracteristics: -Abscess, cellulitis, folliculitis, impetigo, infected wounds, external otitis, paronychia and colonization of the skin in cases of atopic dermatitis. - Increased morbidity. • Propedeutics: Culture blood, tissue or secretion. MRSA INFECTIONS • Treatment: - Pathology-specific treatment. - Prefer non-beta-lactam antibiotics, such as: clindamycin, sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim and tetracyclines. - On suspicion of MARSA infection, start empirical antibiotics and stagger specific antibiotics by culture with antibiograma. MRSA INFECTIONS • Treatment: - Decolonization: systemic antibiotic therapy, topical 2% mupirocin, personal hygiene with antiseptic or antimicrobial solutions (iodine-povidine, chlorhexidine or triclosan). MRSA INFECTIONS • Prevention: - Avoid skin-to-skin contact and share personal belongings / clothing. - Hand washing. - Use of alcohol gels. - Cover wounds. - Isolation contact of MARSA carriers. - Early
    [Show full text]
  • Disease Transmission
    Rudolph Virchow Wild Pig Diseases: Father of modern Current Issues and pathology Potential Concerns First used the term “zoonosis” S. W. Jack, DVM, MS, PhD Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine Strong advocate of Pathobiology/Population Medicine “one medicine” Tenet of population medicine: Disease Transmission Most new problems are introduced •Source Accidental vs. malicious •Susceptible host 75% of emerging diseases in humans •Means of transmission are ZOONOTIC 80% zoonotic diseases involve wildlife 1 Source of the agent Susceptible Host Diseased animals Emigration (natural) Means Offal & other waste Importation (transportation) Means Vectors / fomites / environment Stressors (Population density, weather, REMEMBER : humans ARE animals ! ! + nutrition, other disease, etc) Disease Impact Means of Transmission Wildlife Direct contact Means Vectors / fomites / environment Public Agriculture/ Health Environment 2 Diseases of Swine More than Zoonotic Impact Abscesses Eclampsia Porcine Cytomegalovirus Infection (PCMV) Muscle Tearing Rabies Tetanus Bovine (Porcine) Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Actinobacillosis Electrocution Japanese B Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome (PDNS) Mycoplasma Arthritis Rectal Stricture Encephalitis Virus (JE) Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVD) Actinobacillus Pleuropneumonia (App) Encephalomyocarditis Thin Sow Syndrome Porcine Enteropathy Mycotoxicosis Reproduction Jaw and Snout Brucellosis Agalactia Endometritis Deviation Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) Navel Bleeding Retroviruses
    [Show full text]
  • The Power of Homeopathy in Animal Diseases
    Balaji Deekshitulu P V, IJAR, 2019; 4:27 Review Article IJAR (2019) 4:27 International Journal of Animal Research (ISSN:2575-7822) The Power of Homeopathy in Animal Diseases Dr Balaji Deekshitulu P V Homeopathy Physician and Counseling Psychologist, Sri Balaji Homeopathy & Personal Counseling Center, Tirupati, A.P, India.cell:8885391722 / 7207255557. ABSTRACT Homeopathy a medicine (remedy) is selected which would pro- *Correspondence to Author: duce in a healthy body the same symptoms found in the sick Dr Balaji Deekshitulu P V animal (“like cures like”). This substance is selected from herbs, Homeopathy Physician and Coun- minerals, and natural compounds which are then diluted beyond seling Psychologist, Sri Balaji the point of possible toxicity.This review article explains that Ho- Homeopathy & Personal Coun- meopathy Treat met is best treatment in animals also. seling Center, Tirupati, A.P, India. cell:8885391722 / 7207255557. Keywords: Diseases, Homeopathy, Animals How to cite this article: Balaji Deekshitulu P V, The Power of Homeopathy in Animal Diseases. International Journal of Animal Re- search, 2019; 4:27. eSciPub LLC, Houston, TX USA. Website: https://escipub.com/ https://escipub.com/international-journal-of-animal-research/ 1 Balaji Deekshitulu P V, IJAR, 2019; 4:27 Introduction • Belladonna: Sudden and high fever, redness, pain, dilated pupils and panting. Homeopathy has been found one of the best holistic and safest treatments for many people. • Borax: For fear of thunderstorms and This has been found true for animals and plants fireworks as well. Veterinary homeopathy is a safe, • Bryonia: Colic, all symptoms worse with effective and powerful form of medicine. Most motion and better by resting or staying veterinarians choose homeopathy due to the perfectly still, thirst for large amounts of chronic and recurring nature of many ailments water, vomiting bile after eating, in animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Serological Patterns of Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma
    Wallgren et al. Acta Vet Scand (2016) 58:71 DOI 10.1186/s13028-016-0252-1 Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica RESEARCH Open Access Serological patterns of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis in pig herds affected by pleuritis Per Wallgren1,2*, Erik Nörregård3, Benedicta Molander3, Maria Persson1 and Carl‑Johan Ehlorsson3 Abstract Background: Respiratory illness is traditionally regarded as the disease of the growing pig, and has historically mainly been associated to bacterial infections with focus on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuro- pneumoniae. These bacteria still are of great importance, but continuously increasing herd sizes have complicated the scenario and the influence of secondary invaders may have been increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae and M. hyopneumoniae, as well as that of the secondary invaders Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis by serology in four pig herds (A–D) using age segregated rearing systems with high incidences of pleuritic lesions at slaughter. Results: Pleuritic lesions registered at slaughter ranged from 20.5 to 33.1 % in the four herds. In herd A, the levels of serum antibodies to A. pleuropneumoniae exceeded A450 > 1.5, but not to any other microbe searched for. The seroconversion took place early during the fattening period. Similar levels of serum antibodies to A. pleuropneumoniae were also recorded in herd B, with a subsequent increase in levels of antibodies to P. multocida. Pigs seroconverted to both agents during the early phase of the fattening period. In herd C, pigs seroconverted to P. multocida during the early phase of the fattening period and thereafter to A.
    [Show full text]
  • Prioritization of Health Services
    PRIORITIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES A Report to the Governor and the 74th Oregon Legislative Assembly Oregon Health Services Commission Office for Oregon Health Policy and Research Department of Administrative Services 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures . iii Health Services Commission and Staff . .v Acknowledgments . .vii Executive Summary . ix CHAPTER ONE: A HISTORY OF HEALTH SERVICES PRIORITIZATION UNDER THE OREGON HEALTH PLAN Enabling Legislatiion . 3 Early Prioritization Efforts . 3 Gaining Waiver Approval . 5 Impact . 6 CHAPTER TWO: PRIORITIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES FOR 2008-09 Charge to the Health Services Commission . .. 25 Biennial Review of the Prioritized List . 26 A New Prioritization Methodology . 26 Public Input . 36 Next Steps . 36 Interim Modifications to the Prioritized List . 37 Technical Changes . 38 Advancements in Medical Technology . .42 CHAPTER THREE: CLARIFICATIONS TO THE PRIORITIZED LIST OF HEALTH SERVICES Practice Guidelines . 47 Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) . 47 Chronic Anal Fissure . 48 Comfort Care . 48 Complicated Hernias . 49 Diagnostic Services Not Appearing on the Prioritized List . 49 Non-Prenatal Genetic Testing . 49 Tuberculosis Blood Test . 51 Early Childhood Mental Health . 52 Adjustment Reactions In Early Childhood . 52 Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders in Early Childhood . 53 Disruptive Behavior Disorders In Early Childhood . 54 Mental Health Problems In Early Childhood Related To Neglect Or Abuse . 54 Mood Disorders in Early Childhood . 55 Erythropoietin . 55 Mastocytosis . 56 Obesity . 56 Bariatric Surgery . 56 Non-Surgical Management of Obesity . 58 PET Scans . 58 Prenatal Screening for Down Syndrome . 59 Prophylactic Breast Removal . 59 Psoriasis . 59 Reabilitative Therapies . 60 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) CHAPTER THREE: CLARIFICATIONS TO THE PRIORITIZED LIST OF HEALTH SERVICES (CONT’D) Practice Guidelines (Cont’d) Sinus Surgery .
    [Show full text]
  • SALMONELLA in the LYMPH NODES of CATTLE PRESENTED for HARVEST by Sara Elizabeth Gragg, M.S. a Dissertation in ANIMAL SCIENCE Su
    SALMONELLA IN THE LYMPH NODES OF CATTLE PRESENTED FOR HARVEST By Sara Elizabeth Gragg, M.S. A Dissertation In ANIMAL SCIENCE Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved Dr. Mindy Brashears Chair of Committee Dr. Guy H. Loneragan Dr. J. Chance Brooks Dr. Mark Miller Dr. Michael San Francisco Dominick Casadonte Dean of the Graduate School December, 2012 Copyright 2012, Sara Elizabeth Gragg Texas Tech University, Sara Elizabeth Gragg, December 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my advisor, Dr. Mindy Brashears, I thank you for the opportunity to learn from you both personally and professionally over the previous fifteen years. You have provided me with amazing opportunities and have been an outstanding role model. I have the utmost respect for you and am truly blessed to call you my mentor and my friend. To my committee, Drs. Mindy Brashears, Guy Loneragan, Chance Brooks, Mark Miller and Michael San Francisco, I look up to each of you and appreciate the guidance and support you have provided throughout my education at Texas Tech University. Thank you, Drs. Guy Loneragan and Kendra Nightingale, for the expertise and opportunities that you have shared with me. I have learned a great deal from each of you and consider you both great mentors of mine. I gratefully acknowledge the numerous graduate students, staff members and student workers who contributed significantly to the success of my research and made my graduate education memorable. Your friendship and support have been invaluable. A special thank you to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • VA Transboundary and Emerging Disease
    Office of Veterinary Services VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND CONSUMER SERVICES Transboundary and Emerging Animal Disease Field Manual 2020 A Resource Guide for USDA Accredited Veterinarian Duties in the Commonwealth of Virginia VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & CONSUMER SERVICES TRANSBOUNDARY & EMERGING ANIMAL DISEASE FIELD MANUAL Adapted from: Foreign Animal Disease Fact Sheets Center for Food Security and Public Health College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Emerging and Exotic Diseases of Animals 4th ED. Iowa State University Ames, IA 2010 Atlas of Transboundary Animal Diseases OIE (World Organization of Animal Health) 2010 OIE (World Organization of Animal Health) Technical Disease Cards https://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/technical-disease-cards/ Published April, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Biosecurity Procedures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 State Veterinarian Contact Numbers ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- 3 Laboratory Services Contact Information --------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Preliminary Investigation History Form----------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 African Horse Sickness-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 African Swine Fever----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 Anthrax---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Sulfonamides and Sulfonamide Combinations*
    Sulfonamides and Sulfonamide Combinations* Overview Due to low cost and relative efficacy against many common bacterial infections, sulfonamides and sulfonamide combinations with diaminopyrimidines are some of the most common antibacterial agents utilized in veterinary medicine. The sulfonamides are derived from sulfanilamide. These chemicals are structural analogues of ρ-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). All sulfonamides are characterized by the same chemical nucleus. Functional groups are added to the amino group or substitutions made on the amino group to facilitate varying chemical, physical and pharmacologic properties and antibacterial spectra. Most sulfonamides are too alkaline for routine parenteral use. Therefore the drug is most commonly administered orally except in life threatening systemic infections. However, sulfonamide preparations can be administered orally, intramuscularly, intravenously, intraperitoneally, intrauterally and topically. Sulfonamides are effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Some protozoa, such as coccidians, Toxoplasma species and plasmodia, are generally sensitive. Chlamydia, Nocardia and Actinomyces species are also sensitive. Veterinary diseases commonly treated by sulfonamides are actinobacillosis, coccidioidosis, mastitis, metritis, colibacillosis, pododermatitis, polyarthritis, respiratory infections and toxo- plasmosis. Strains of rickettsiae, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Clostridium and Leptospira species are often highly resistant. Sulfonamides are bacteriostatic antimicrobials
    [Show full text]
  • Actinobacillosis (Wooden Tongue)
    Ahmed M.A. Alsaidya , PhD Lecturer , Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq https://orcid.org/ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/ Morbid Anatomy | Part I | 4th year 2019 Actinobacillosis (Wooden tongue) It is a chronic suppurative inflammatory disease of ruminants, caused by actinobacillus ligniersi, characterized by inflammation of soft tissue of the head especially tongue (localized firm swelling of dorsum), less commonly pharyngeal lymph nodes, facial skin, nares and esophageal groove. It is sporadic and self-limiting disease. Etiology : Actinobacillus ligniersi (normal commensal organism in the oral flora of the cattle), • Gram negative coccobacilli or pleomorphic rods. • form sulfur granules as white or yellow-white cheesy accumulation of the organism. Predisposing factor : Oral mucosa injuries by fibrous feed materials or by foreign bodies and during oral manipulation by hand of owner or veterinarian. Pathogenesis : • The organisms are present in the mouth and upper respiratory tract. • Local infection by the organism causes an acute inflammatory reaction in the tongue and the subsequent development of granulomatous lesions in which necrosis and suppuration occur, often with the discharge of pus to the exterior. Spread to regional lymph nodes is usual. • Lingual involvement in cattle causes interference with prehension and mastication due to acute inflammation in the early stages and distortion of the tongue at a later stage. • Visceral involvement is recorded. Clinical signs : • Incubation period is unknown, morbidity and mortality rate is low and course of the disease is long. • The onset of glossal actinobacillosis is usually acute, the affected animal being unable to eat for a period of about 48 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 CFR Ch. I (1–1–00 Edition) § 71.3
    § 71.3 9 CFR Ch. I (1±1±00 Edition) from the quarantined area or will indi- serotype enteritidis may be moved cate the regulations under which inter- interstate in accordance with part 82 of state movements may be made. this chapter. [34 FR 15641, Oct. 9, 1969] (4) Swine infected with or exposed to pseudorabies may be moved interstate § 71.3 Interstate movement of diseased in accordance with part 85 of this chap- animals and poultry generally pro- ter. hibited. (d) Notwithstanding the provisions of (a) Animals or poultry affected with paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, any of the following diseases, which are livestock which is found to be diseased endemic to the United States: Equine may be moved interstate in accordance piroplasmosis, bovine piroplasmosis or with paragraphs (d)(1) through (6) of splenetic fever, scabies in cattle, this section: Provided, That such live- pseudorabies, acute swine erysipelas, stock is not tick infested or affected tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, brucel- with any disease referred to in this sec- losis, scrapie, bluetongue, anthrax, tion other than the diseases named in chlamydiosis, poultry disease caused this paragraph: And provided further, by Salmonella enteritidis serotype That such livestock is accompanied by enteritidis, and Newcastle disease, or a certificate, issued by an APHIS or any other communicable disease which State representative or accredited vet- is endemic to the United States, or erinarian stating the destination of the which are cattle fever tick infested, animals; the purpose for which they shall not be moved interstate. are to be moved; the number of animals (b) Animals or poultry affected with covered by the certificate; the point any of the following diseases, not from which the animals are moved known to exist in the United States: interstate; and the name and address of foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, Af- the owner or shipper.
    [Show full text]
  • Ovine Actinobacillosis
    Ovine Actinobacillosis JUNE 2015 Cause Actinobacillus spp. bacteria Risk of Exposure in Rare Illinois Risk of Transmission Unknown to exposed people Mode of Bite wound; direct contact Transmission Incubation Human: Variable Period Animal: Resident bacteria of oropharynx Clinical Signs- Wound infections with abscess formation on hands and Human forearms; septicemia (“blood poisoning”) Clinical Signs- None Animal Control and Good personal hygiene Prevention Comments None Additional http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds- Information ftss/actinobacillus-eng.php http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/generalized_conditions/a ctinobacillosis/overview_of_actinobacillosis.html?qt=actinoba cillosis&alt=sh Ovine Anthrax JUNE 2015 Cause Bacillus anthracis bacteria Risk of Exposure in Low Illinois Risk of High Transmission to exposed people Mode of Ingestion or inhalation of spores; handling contaminated carcass, Transmission wool, hide or hair Incubation Human: Cutaneous form: 3-10 days Period Inhalation form: 1-5 days Gastrointestinal form: 2-5 days Animal: 3-7 days with a range of 1-20 days Cutaneous form accounts for most human cases-red, raised Clinical Signs- lesion; blister Human Pulmonary form- fever; vague sense of ill-being; muscle pain; cough; respiratory distress; sweating; shock; death Gastrointestinal form- fever; vomiting; bloody diarrhea; general ill-being Clinical Signs- Acute form- sudden fever; incoordination; tremors; respiratory Animal distress; blood tinged diarrhea; blood in urine and milk; convulsions and *death Peracute form-
    [Show full text]