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Disease Transmission

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Disease Transmission Rudolph Virchow Wild Pig Diseases: Father of modern Current Issues and pathology Potential Concerns First used the term “zoonosis” S. W. Jack, DVM, MS, PhD Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine Strong advocate of Pathobiology/Population Medicine “one medicine” Tenet of population medicine: Disease Transmission Most new problems are introduced •Source Accidental vs. malicious •Susceptible host 75% of emerging diseases in humans •Means of transmission are ZOONOTIC 80% zoonotic diseases involve wildlife 1 Source of the agent Susceptible Host Diseased animals Emigration (natural) Means Offal & other waste Importation (transportation) Means Vectors / fomites / environment Stressors (Population density, weather, REMEMBER : humans ARE animals ! ! + nutrition, other disease, etc) Disease Impact Means of Transmission Wildlife Direct contact Means Vectors / fomites / environment Public Agriculture/ Health Environment 2 Diseases of Swine More than Zoonotic Impact Abscesses Eclampsia Porcine Cytomegalovirus Infection (PCMV) Muscle Tearing Rabies Tetanus Bovine (Porcine) Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Actinobacillosis Electrocution Japanese B Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome (PDNS) Mycoplasma Arthritis Rectal Stricture Encephalitis Virus (JE) Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVD) Actinobacillus Pleuropneumonia (App) Encephalomyocarditis Thin Sow Syndrome Porcine Enteropathy Mycotoxicosis Reproduction Jaw and Snout Brucellosis Agalactia Endometritis Deviation Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) Navel Bleeding Retroviruses Thrombocytopaenic Bursitis Anaemia Enteroviruses, SMEDI Purpura, Bleeding Porcine Parvovirus Infection (PPV) Nipah virus disease Rotavirus Infection Joint Ill in Piglets Bush Foot, Foot Rot Anthrax Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) Torsion of the Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Non-Antibiotic Growth Promoters Ruptured Blood Vessel Stomach and the Livestock health Campylobacter Intestines Arthritis, joint infections Eperythrozoonosis Porcine Respiratory Corona Virus Infection (PRCV) Oedema Disease Ruptures, Hernias Lameness Clostridial Diseases Atresia Ani - No Anus or No Rectum Salmonellosis Transmissible Gastro Porcine Spongiform Encephalopathy (PSE) Osteochondrosis, OCD Erysipelas Enteritis, TGE Coccidiosis (Coccidia) Atrophic Rhinitis (AR) Exudative Epidermitis Laminitis Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS) Osteodystrophy Savaging of Piglets (Cannibalism) Tuberculosis Colitis Aujeszky's disease AD, Fever Leg Weakness Post Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) Osteomalacia Scour (E. coli) Vulval Biting Congenital Tremor (CT) - Shaking Piglets Back Muscle Necrosis Foot-and-Mouth Disease Mange Mites, Prepucial Ulceration Environmental Osteoporosis Seasonal Infertility Sarcoptes Scabiei Cryptosporidiosis Biotin Deficiency Fractures Vulval discharge Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis (PAR) Pale Pig Syndrome Shoulder Sores syndrome Cystic Ovaries Blue Eye Disease Frostbite Mastitis degradation Pasteurellosis (Pasteurella multocidia) Prolapse of the Bladder Vulval Haematoma Spirochaetal Diarrhoea Cystitis and Pyelonephritis Border Disease (BD) Gastric Ulcers Meningitis Prolapse of the Rectum Penis Bleeding Splaylegs Worms / Nematodes Dipped Shoulder (Humpy Back, Kinky Back, Kyphosis) Bordetellosis (Bordetella bronchiseptica) Getah Viruses Metritis Prolapse of the Uterus Peritonitis Stillbirths Yersina Infection E. coli - Scour (Diarrhoea) Borna Disease Hps - (Haemophilus Parasuis) Middle Ear Infections Prolapse of the Vagina and Cervix Pneumonia Swine Influenza Virus (SI), Flu E.coli Diarrhoea Botulism Hypoglycaemia Pseudorabies PR Streptococcal Infections Swine Pox Glässers Disease Swine Fevers; African, Classical, Hog Cholera Greasy Pig Disease Ileitis (Lawsonia intracellularis) Udder Oedema, Failure of Milk Let Down Streptococcal Meningitis Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) Interstate commerce Leptospirosis Haematoma Inherited Thick Legs, Hyperostosis Vesicular Exanthema Sunburn Teat Necrosis webspace.pss.okstate.edu/dbarnall/Hunting_DBA.htm Listeriosis Heat Stroke Internal Parasites (Worms etc.) Vesicular Stomatitis Swine Dysentery Teschen Disease Lymphosarcoma Hepatitis E Virus Iron toxicity (Vitamin E Deficiency) Vice Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta, Imperfect skin M-Hyo (Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae) Infection Salt Poisoning, Water Deprivation Vomiting, Wasting Disease, Ontario Encephalitis Mammary Hypoplasia, Undeveloped Udder Infectious Diseases of Swine Diseases of Swine with Agricultural or Abscesses Porcine Cytomegalovirus Infection Rabies Actinobacillosis (PCMV) Encephalomyocarditis Mycoplasma Arthritis Bovine (Porcine) Spongiform Endometritis Other Animal Implications Actinobacillus Encephalopathy (BSE) Retroviruses Pleuropneumonia (App)Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Enteroviruses, SMEDI Mycotoxicosis Syndrome (PDNS) Rotavirus Infection Anthrax Nipah virus disease Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVD) Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) Rabies Anthrax Porcine Enteropathy Ruptured Blood Vessel Pasteurellosis Arthritis, joint infections Brucellosis Eperythrozoonosis Streptococcal Meningitis Oedema Disease Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) Salmonellosis Border Disease (BD) Transmissible Spongiform Atrophic Rhinitis (AR) Porcine Parvovirus Infection (PPV) Erysipelas Aujeszky's disease AD, Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Exudative Epidermitis Bordetellosis Encephalopathy (BSE) Blue Eye Disease Syndrome (PRRS) Scour (E. coli) TuberculosisTuberculosis Pasteurellosis (Pasteurella Campylobacter Foot-and-Mouth Disease Borna Disease multocidia) Yersina Infection Border Disease (BD) Porcine Respiratory Corona Virus Spirochaetal Diarrhoea Botulism Bordetellosis (Bordetella Infection (PRCV) Hps - (Haemophilus Parasuis) bronchiseptica) Clostridial Diseases Swine Influenza Virus (SI), Flu Brucellosis Borna Disease Coccidiosis (Coccidia) Swine Pox Vesicular Diseases Botulism Post Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Ileitis (Lawsonia intracellularis) Campylobacter Streptococcal Infections Syndrome (PMWS) Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) Clostridial Diseases Foot & Mouth Disease Greasy Pig Disease Cryptosporidiosis Internal Parasites (Worms etc.) Vesicular Exanthema Streptococcal Meningitis Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis (PAR) Teschen Disease PseudorabiesPseudorabies PR Swine Dysentery Cystitis and Pyelonephritis Tetanus HogHog Cholera (CSF) Vesicular Stomatitis Hepatitis E Virus Prolapse of the Uterus Japanese B Encephalitis Virus Classical, Hog Cholera E. coli - Scour (Diarrhoea) (JE) AfricanAfrican Swine Fever Fever Swine Vesicular Disease Leptospirosis Prolapse of the Vagina and Cervix Transmissible Gastro Leptospirosis Vesicular Exanthema Pseudorabies PR Enteritis, TGE Listeriosis Glässers Disease Swine Fevers; African, Tuberculosis Listeriosis Vesicular Stomatitis Mange Mites, Sarcoptes Scabiei Mastitis Meningitis Worms / Nematodes Yersina Infection 3 Zoonotic Diseases of Swine Leptospirosis Actinobacillosis #1 zoonotic disease world-wide Anthrax Rabies Botulism Salmonellosis BrucellosisBrucellosis Streptococcal Infections & Meningitis Clostridial Diseases Leptospira interrogans Swine InfluenzaInfluenza Virus (SI), Flu Coccidiosis (Coccidia) Campylobacter Swine Pox Serovars (pomona, hardjo, CryptosporidisisCryptosporidiosis Internal Parasites (Worms etc.) icterrohemorrhagica, bratislava, etc) E. coli - Scour (Diarrhea) Tetanus Encephalomyocarditis Tuberculosis Urine, contaminated water & Erysipelas Mange Mites, reproductive material and fluids Japanese B Encephalitis Virus (JE) Sarcoptes Scabiei LeptospirosisLeptospirosis Yersina Infection Listeriosis Nipah virus disease Domestic and wild animals Carnivores, hooved stock, rodents Brucellosis Leptospirosis Undulent fever, Malta Fever, Bang’s Dz Brucella sp. canis, suis, melitensis, abortus, ovis Mainly affect liver & kidney (B melitensis not in USA) Usually low morbidity / mortality jaundice / icterus ZOONOTIC / Reportable Flu-like signs (fever, aches, ADR) can cause abortion / infertility Cattle, sheep, goats, IncubationWarm moist is lateseveral summer days to weeks pigs, horse, bison, ContactWater exposure your physician (include animals) reindeer, elk, camels, Mucous membrane contact otters, dolphins, humans 4 Brucellosis SALMONELLOSIS & E. coli Animals Gram negative enteric (GI) bacteria Abortion / infertility Orchitis, spondylitis (vertebrae) STD ! ! Common food-borne pathogen Equine “fistulous withers” Fecal-oral transmission Watery to bloody diarrhea (+ fatal) Trichinella Intestinal Parasites Giardia (#2 parasite in humans) “backpackers’ disease” Under-cooked pork “beaver fever” Muscle Any warm-blooded animal Muscle pain Beaver, muskrat, bear Fecal-oral transmission Cryptosporidia Mammals, reptiles, birds, fish 5 Foreign Animal Diseases Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s Dz) (Porcine Herpes Virus type 1) Vesicular diseases Foot and Mouth Disease NOT zoonotic Vesicular Exanthema Other mammals (dogs, cats, cattle) Swine Vesicular Disease www.fwi.co.uk/blogs/lincolnshire- “MAD ITCH” farming-blog/foot%20and%20mouth.jpg “CALL THE FEDS ! ! !” Reportable Interstate commerce Foreign Animal Diseases INFLUENZA www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0756e/T0756E122.jpg Swine Fevers Classical or “CALLHog Cholera Multiple strains http://medicineworld.org/images/blogs/avian-flu-virus-342390.jpg African Swine Fever Great variation (H, N) THE Recombination / mutation Amplification host FEDS ! !” Spill-over to humans www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0756e/T0756E05.htm 6 Recent Non-Scientific Recent Non-Scientific Telephone Poll Telephone Poll Does your state (region) have a feral swine problem ? 10 USDA-APHIS-Wildlife
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