Univrsiteti I Prishtinës

THE SCHOOL NETWOK IN PRISHTINA TOWN AND ITS REGARD TO THE SURROUNDING

Fitim Humolli1, Diturie Gashi2, Florim Isufi3, Shpejtim Bulliqi4, Bashkim Kastrati5

1345 Members of Departamet of Geography, Faculty of Maths and Natural Sciencies, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina-Republic of KOSOVA 2Masters student, Departamet of Geography, Faculty of Maths and Natural Sciencies, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina-Republic of KOSOVA 3 Corresponding: E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] , Tel. +377(0) 44 241 463

ABSTRACT

In this work it was put a idea of including the urban area of Prishtina town as a capital city of Kosova as well as the school network in this special area, which is little researched in this aspect. Since the education is one basic function in life, attempts were made to analyze the distribution of the school network in two levels in Prishtina town, gravitated zones of schools in the town, enough school space for the pupils, number of pupils in the schools as well as gravitated zones of pupils in the schools. Analyzes were made and schools were divided into two levels regarding the socio-economic structure of the gravitating zone (parents) of pupils. The manner of traveling for pupils in high schools. After 1945, Prishtina became a administrative, cultural and economic center of Kosova. Dispite of objective and subjective obstacles, the network of elementary schools in Albanian language is developing rapidly as compared to other towns in Kosovo. The network of schools was expecially extended during years of 70-ties and 80-ties of XX Century. By adopting old schools facilities and by building new school facilities four elementary schools were opened. In 1990 the number reached in 15 elementary schools (elementary), while in 2010 were functioning 19 high and lower schools, and 12 high schools. The aim of the work consist to confirm the actual situation, the tendency of development in recent years and to make a prognose for distributing the school network in Prishtina town in the future.

Key Words: School network, Education, Elementary Schools, High Lower schools, Socio-economic structure.

Introduction

The work “School network in Prishtina function of education of population. To analyze town and the proportion with surrounding” has a the rhythm of developmenet of schools during aim to include the urban area of Prishtina town as certain periods and to select gravitating zones of a capital city of Kosova and expecially the each school. school network of schools, which is a little To make selection of schools according to the researched in this aspect. number of pupils, interior and external space and level of conctaration of pupils in the schools as Within this work attempts will be made well as selection of high and upper schools. to analyze the distribution of elementary schools The aim of this work consists in network, high lower schools and high schools, in verifying the current situation, the tendency of

July 2013. Vol. 2, No.3 ISSN 2307-227X International Journal of Research In Social Sciences © 2013 IJRSS & K.A.J. All rights reserved www.ijsk.org/ijrss development in recent years and to make the In developed countries and regions, the number prognose for distributing the school network in of schools is higher as compared to less Prishtina town in the future. developed countries and regions. The level of economical development determines the level of In Geography was given more education, while the education helps economic importance to the factors that have transformed development by preparing the designated staff. the geographic surrounding and analyzees were The need for higher economic development, for conducted regarding this transformation. which exist conditions. The multirateral The society which is included more in the economic development stimulates the process of industrialization, urbanism and multirateral development of education and with intensifying other economic activities, should be its own request enriches it. included in different levels of education.

METODOLOGY OF WORK

For realization of this work we used the historic method, questionere,mathemathical- The harthographic method was used to statistical method, harthoghraphy, typology present the school network in Prishtina town. method, comprehensive method, genetic method The typological method enabled us to as well as using the geographic literature. The select the types of schools and their typization historic method has enabled us in chronologic according to the socio-economic structure of manner to follow the historic development of gravitated zones (parents). schools. The comparative method enabled to The questionere method as a make comperation of movement of pupils and unchangeble and main method for researching increasing and development of school network in this problematic and it was used to collect data Prishtina town during certain periods. throughout schools in Prishtina town. The questionere was conducted with directors of The genetic method enabled the analyze schools in Prishtina town, from which were of development of school network in Prishtina secured data for number of pupils in the town since the past and uptoday. This for sure gravitating zone of pupils. will enable drafting the strategy for future development of school network and education in The traveling manner, the success of general and their relations with the surrounding. pupils and socio-economic structure in gravitating zone (parents) etc. By using the literature a base was created for further work and reaching sooner the With mathematical- statistical method propose of the work by using the experience of attempts were made to find rules and legitimaties other authors. for data that are in possession, and then analyzes were made in a table and graphical manner.

SHORT HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN PRISHTINA TOWN

From the research known up to now, the education of population, because without education initiatives in Prishtina have started in educated people it was impossible to organize the middle age. Small notes that were kept are production, trade and other economic activities. predominantly for religious schools (manastrty Therefore, by the end of XVIII century, at the and medresea schools). time of trade conjucture and later with the rise of The infliltration of capitalism in this national aspirations, beside religious schools area, even late has reinforced the need for were presented also laic schools. 34

The World War II changed the map of By the end of XIX century, Prishtina Balkans. The largest part of Kosovo was attached was having six male schools and one female to Albania, which was occupied by the Italy [5]. school (“Sibian Mektebi”) in Turkish language, one elementary school in Serbian language and In year 1941/42, the Minsitry of one half religious and laic for jews [5]. Education of Albania, in Kosovo and other territories with Albanian population in the In the period between two world wars, Kingdom of former Yugoslavia, opened the schools in Kosovo were running only in Albanian schools and for this purpose send about Serbian language. They were running in areas 400 Teachers with duty to educate and eliminate inhabited by Slavic people, more prececly with the de-nationalization effects which were Serbian and Montenegrian colonizators. In this practiced by the shovinist politics towards the school a small number of Albanians was Albanian Nation [5]. attending, for which in the first year was organized preparing classes (preparing classes Even after Second World War, the were formed) with the aim to learn the Serbian Matrix State ( PR-Peoples Republic of Albania) language and educating them to attend the school helped that the Albanian School in Kosovo to in Serbian language in same classes with Serbian continue its continuance started in the year 1941, pupils [5]. to enlarge the network with the aim to include a larger possible number of population in The Kingdom of Yugoslavia allowed to elementary education. Many of teachers coming every nation to exercise its own faith as well as from Albania, worked in Kosovo until the middle opening regilioust schools. By using this right of year 1948, where they went from Kosovo [5]. the Islamic Community, which was operating in the areas inhabited by Albanians (because over After 1945, Prishtina became 99% were belonging to Islam community), administrative, cultural, and economic center, opened a considerable number of lower religious dispite objective and subjective obstacles, the schools in Arabic and Turkish language, but network of Albanian schools in this town was since the Albanians were not able to speak those developing rapidly compared to other towns in languages, the commenting was mainly done in Kosovo. The network of Schools was extended Albanian language. expecially in the years of 70-ties and 80-ties of XX Century. By adopting the old education There were some Immams (teachers of facilities and building new facilities , in the first Islam) wich were educating the attenders of high years of Second World War in Prishtina town religious schools, the Alphabeth of Albanian were opened four elementary schools, and language and the history of Albanian Nation. In reaching in 1990 the number of 15 elementary the school year 1938/39 in the territory of schools (eight school years), while in year 2010 Prishtina were runnig 24 high religioust schools were functioning 19 elementary and high schools (13 for males and 11 were mixed). (here are included also private schools).

THE NETWOK OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS AND HIGH AND LAWER SCHOOLS IN PRISHTINA, THE EXISTENCE OF NETWORK AND LOCATION OF SCHOOLS

The Town Prishtina has a good and One in area “Dardania”, one in the are “Calabria” developed network of elementary and high lower (former-“Emshiri” area), one in the area Schools. In Prishtina town were functioning 19 “Besiana” (former known as Vranjevc) and lately elementary schools and high medium schools, two schools started their work in 01 of but by mechanic increase of Population in September 2009, one is located in the area “Mati Prishtina after the last war in 1999, the number 1” (-former known as Lagjja e Spitalit area) and of pupils was increased. The Municipal the other in the area of “Vreshta”. However, Government in recent years build some some parts of the town still have a need to build Elementary Schools and High Lower Schools. new school facilities. 35

The large need to build the elementary school school facilities by the Municipal Goverment has the area ‘Arbëria” (former known as was having obstacles in finding enough “Dragodan”). It is to mention that building locations.

Figure 1. Network of elementary and high lower schools in Prishtina town.  In the Map were presented two schools build in the year 2009; the school in the area Mati 1“ Pavarësia” and the school in Vreshta Area “ Xhavit Ahmeti”.

Movement of number of pupils in elementary classes in Elementary School and High Lower schools and high lower schools inmmmm Schools in Prishtina Town. Prishtina town

According to statistical data taken from the Directory of Education in Municipality of Prishtina, and based on analyzes conducted it was noticed a movement of number of pupils and

Table 1. Number of pupils in elementary schools and high lower schools in Prishtina according to year: 2000/01, 2001/02, 2002/03, 2003/04, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09. 2009/10 [4].

No Name of school 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009/ /01 /02 /03 /04 /05 /06 /07 /08 /09 10

pupils

No. of No. of pupils No. of pupils No. i of pupils No. of pupils No. i of pupils No. of pupils No. of pupils No. of pupils No. pupils of 1. Asim Vokshi 1660 1618 1552 1603 1883 1982 1023 1008 1039 965 2. Dardania 3154 3063 2885 2432 1761 1628 1638 1656 1659 1647 3. Elena Gjika 1257 1188 1104 1311 1537 1229 1400 1627 1701 1742 4. Emin Duraku 1079 1088 967 962 1460 1010 1004 889 1001 1003 5. Faik Konica 1197 1203 1197 1255 1418 1373 1355 1358 1395 1278 6. Gjergj Fishta 1744 1763 1642 1661 1831 1730 1688 1688 1616 1403 7. Hasan Prishtina 2372 2390 2339 2402 2781 2672 2725 2726 2734 2081 8. Iliria 1503 1530 1483 1538 1712 1663 1682 1618 1626 1535 9. Ismail Qemali 2029 2038 1837 1848 2093 2057 2095 2144 2192 2191 10. Meto Bajraktari 1642 1683 1697 1754 2015 2013 1980 2002 1985 1947 11. Naim Frashëri 1301 1300 1155 1180 1300 1281 1264 1244 1286 1148 12. Nazim Gafurri 2064 2070 1814 1817 2008 1911 2175 2194 2205 1330 13. Pjetër Bogdani 1326 1343 1330 1354 1440 1357 1327 1323 1376 1089 14. Zenel Hajdini 1560 1565 1586 1572 1976 1791 1704 1714 1704 1719 15. 7 Marsi 415 465 475 507 523 552 537 16 Xhemail 1065 1029 1073 1102 1128 1133 Mustafa 17. Hilmi Rakovica 1022 1159 1227 1284

Pavarësia 1154 18. 19. Xhavit Ahmeti 1448 2388 2384 2263 2323 2702 25201 2566 25975 26426 2663 Total 8 2 7 2 4 2 4

Movment of No. studentsin the primary and secondary low school in Prishtina town.

28000

26000

24000

22000

20000 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Yers

Number of students of Number Figure 2.

Location of elementary schools and high lower located. The pupils are bound to travel from schools, interance with socio-economic other areas to the school. The socio-economic structure of the area (gravitating zone) and structure of parents in these schools is different, the success of pupils so among them there are parents with social assistance, therefore the success of pupils of The Town Prishtina as a capital of Kosovo these schools is not in satisfactory level. in the past and now has developed economy and terciar activities. Permanently the population was 3. In the third group are included schools growing in the town and at the same time the that are located in peripheric parts of Prsihtina need for building school facilities in all parts of town as: “Zenel Hajdini”, “Asim Vokshi”, the town. Current school facilities somehow “Nazim Gafurri”, “Pjetër Bogdani”, “Emin fulfill the needs of pupils for education, but the Duraku”, “Iliria”, “7 Marsi”, “Hilmi Rakovica”, society in near future should find new locations “Pavarësia” and “Xhavit Ahmeti”. to build school facilities in all levels. The pupils in these schools are oblidged to come also from other areas where the school is Locations of Elementary Schools and located, exapt the school “Zenel Hajdini” and High Lower Schools in Prishtina town based on “Hilmi Rakovica”. The socio-economic situation the data and the questionere results that three of parents and pupils of these schools is mainly groups according to socio-economic structure difficult. According to data of the questionere 20 and parents of pupils and their success. % of population of these areas live from the social assistance. In these area it is present high 1. In the first group were ranged these unemployment and powerty rate. As a result of schools; “ Ismail Qemali”, “ Faik Konica”, these factors the success is lower as compare to “Dardania”, “Xhemail Mustafa”, “Hasan other schools in Prishtina town. Prishtina” and “Naim Frashëri”. In this group were systematized mainly School space and its role in success of pupils the schools that are in the center of the town and in the areas which were build by the state (the One of relevant factors to organize the town quart with high and modern buildings). education process is a school facility and its In these areas where these schools are functionality. Without it, it is impossible to located is inhabitated by the intellectuall conduct education. population of the Prishtina town- the middle and higher level of population. Therefore, the socio- School space plays an important role in economic situation of parents and these pupils is education process and success of pupils. The in high and medium level. As a result the majority of schools in Prishtina town do not successs of the pupils is high as compared to fulfill conditions for normal process of other schools. In the success of these pupils has education. Due to the small space and large impact the clossiness of the school towards number of pupils in some elementary schools and residence areas. high lower schools, the class is organized in three levels. According to normal standards, one pupil 2. In the second group are included these should have 2,5 m² surface of school facility. schools; “Meto Bajraktari’, “Elena Gjika”, When mentioned the school space, here it is also “Gjergj Fishta”. Eventhough these schools are included the surface of yard and green surface. located in the center of the town, gravited zone of pupils is in other areas which the school is

THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SCHOOLS IN PRISHTINA TOWN

Regarding the initial years of eduationa and its genesis in Kosovo, expecially in Prishtina In 1941, the Ministry of Education of exist many material evidences, historical Albania opened the first high school in Prishtina documents and accurate science studies of and in Kosovo with education in Albanian different field and disciplines [3]. 39

July 2013. Vol. 2, No.3 ISSN 2307-227X International Journal of Research In Social Sciences © 2013 IJRSS & K.A.J. All rights reserved www.ijsk.org/ijrss language, the Gymnasium „Sami Frashëri” Since 1968 the lessons are hold also in Albanian (Anonymus, 1965)[1]. language.

Within the Gymnasium was operating so Technical School is operating since 1947. called “Shkolla Normale”, which was later on In the beginning as school of pupils in economy. transferred in Gjakova. After World War II, Since 1959/60 as technical & professional exept Gymnasium, which was changed the name school. from “Sami Frashëri” into “Ivo Lola Ribar”, and other high schools were formed. These schools In 1964 in the high schools of Prishtina were mixed. The lessons were organized in were attending 5788 pupils, from them 2254 Albanian and Serbian language [3]. were Albanians and 178 Turkish [1].

With the development of economic In 1968, as a part of the Intgrating Organ activities and enforcing the social services the was formed the Center for education activity for network of schools was extended. Adult and Youth (age 17-37 years), which was preparing qualified workers of production „Shkolla Normale“in Prishtina operated according to needs of economic enterprises. since 1953, (which was transformed from Gjakova) until the year 1972, when it was closed In 1979 this center was named as a forever. Education Center for Technical Proffessions bearing the name QAMO ( High Oriented Center The Agriculture School “Abdyl Frashëri” of Education) of technical professions “Shtjefën in Prishtina started to operate in 1946; the classes Gjeqovi”. were hold mainly in Serbian language. For Albanian pupils the education was conducted in By the end 1972, the called “Shkolla Albanian language only for mother tongue Normale” was closed. Inside the building at the subjects- history and geography, while same year was opened Pedagogic Academy, as a professional subjects were tought in Serbian four year high school as well Methematical language. In this school the education process Gymnasim with Hostel Character. was organized in Albanian language since the year 1970. Since 1971 begann the education lessons also the Gymnasium “ Xhevdet Doda”, which in The High Medical School was opened in the beginning was called as Second Mixed 1959, at that time the lessons were hold only in Gymnasium, and was ruuning inside the Serbian language. In that year was only one class premises of agriculture school. The High with 23 pupils, from which one was Albanian. In Teology School Medressa “Alauddin” began to the school year 1960/61 were exepted 174 pupils operate in Septemebr 1962. During 50 years of from which 43 were Albanians, the lessons were activity of Medressa “Alauddin”, 1800 pupils hold in Serbo-Croatian language. In the school have graduated. year 1963/ 64 the education began to be conducted in two languages. The High Medical In school year 1979/80 at the high schools School started to operate in the facilities of High in Kosovo was conducted the reform of Economic School. On 15 September 1963 was education. During this period the high school transferred in the Gymnasium facilities, then in was named as high oriented education and was the facilities of Music School. On 30 September separated in two parts:In common bases, which 1965 the lesson started in its own facilities, was lasting two years and where all general where today still operates. subjects were taught and on the second part, the Economic School started to operate in 1961. high oriented education was lasting one or two High School of Cultural Physic started to operate years [6]. In Prishtina were two types of 1958 and was closed in 1964. Education Centers: Education Center of Common Basis, in High Music School was opened in 1968, which was organized the lessons for first and and in the beginning the education was second class, in which were registered pupils conducted only in Serbo-Croation language. after completing Common Basis. 40

general and professional. The Assembly of By forming the Education Centers of SAPK (Socialist Autonomous Province of different professions, which includes pupils from Kosovo); the Room of Joint Work on 28.05.1990 third class, many branches were opened with issued the decision about the network of High professions, which were required for the Schools in Kosovo [2] According to this economy of Prishtina. As the time was passing Decision in Prishtina was designed this net of the education reform of 1979 was noticed at High Schools: unsuccsseful and weaked the the high school,

Table 2. Network and types of high schools in Prishtina town. No. Name of School Section Sort of school Education Branch Area 1. Sami Frashëri Theranda Gymnasium General Social Science Maths- Informatics Maths-natural 2. Xhevdet Doda Medical Center Gymnasium Natural Science 3. Eqrem Qabej Normale Gymnasium Linguistics School 4. Dr.Ali Sokoli Center of Proffessional- Tek.i dhëmbëve Medicine Medicine Pharmacy Nursing of Acciucheuse 5. 28 Nëntori Gjinollët Proffessional- Graphics Technical Geodesy Construction Architecture Traffic 6. Shtjefën Gjeqovi Arta Proffessional Machinery Textile 7. Hoxhë Kadri Prishtina Kalabria Proffessional- Ekonomik Ekonomic-Law Commercial Law 8. 7 Shtatori Tasligje Proffessional Trade Tourism Hostels 9. Abdyl Frashëri Kalabria Proffessional- Agroculuture Technician Agroculture Vet. Technician Tek. Ushqimor 10. Prenkë Jakova Dodona Proffessional-Music General 11. Gjin Gazulli Normale Proffessional- Computor technician Electronics Energetic Technician Technician of Telecommunicative Systems 12. Alauddin Medreseja Teology General

Surce: The data were collected from the Directors of schools in the town.

Gravitated Zone of pupils in High Schools in Lypjan and surrounding villages. The pupils Prishtina Town, Travelling Manner, the Role travelled by public bus, Van and other alternative of Distance in Success and Attendance means, but not in organized manner in medium distance till 30 km in one direction, since Gravitated Zone of pupils in High Schools Prishtina town has a lack of Hostels for pupils in in Prishtina Town is very high. According to data High Schools. The time distance and the distance of the questionere which was conducted in High from the house in the school has negative impact Schools in Prishtina Town it results that in High in success of pupils (delays in the first lessons), Schools of Prishtina gravitated pupils from 63 (The data regarding the gravitating zone were places of Kosovo Valley, starting from Besiana, collected from Directors of Schools). Vushtrri, Kastriot, Fushë Kosova, Drenas,

CONCLUSION

The territory of Prishtina Town is in pupils in the town was grown and in 2005, north-east of Fushë Kosova. The old part of the Prishtina town was having 27024 pupils, in town is laying in the valleys of the rivers, while Elementary School and High School. the new part at the end of valleys in Fushë Based on given argumnets given in this work it Kosova. can be concluded:

The importance of geographic position of The Town of Prishtina during 70-ties Prishtina Town is explained since long time ago and 80-ties faced large changes as far as the by having good communication links. Pre- number of population is concerned, of pupils and dispositions have and an impact on Geographic facilities of Elementary and High Lower Schools Area of Prishtina where are crossroad the roads as well as High Schools. Also, after the period of with local and regional character, which have last war 1999 there was a large concentration of enabled the development of the town population and at the same time the number of pupils was increased in both education levels. As After the war of 1999 there was a a result of large number of pupils there was a intensive immigration of population in Prishtina. need of constructing new school facilities, It is supposed that Prishtina has reached the expecially for the first level of education. number of 300 000-400 000 Inhabitans. Parallell to growth and development of Prshtina town, Since 2002-2010 in Prishtina Town were initiatives for education in the town are since the build 5 Schools, 1 High School- Gymnasium middle age. „Xhevdet Doda“, and some anexes in some schools which were having lack of classroom. The World War II changed the Map of According to analysez, the distribution of Balkans. In 1941/ 42, were opened first Albanian Elementary and High School does not fulfill the Schools in the town. Since after 1945, Prishtina requirements of pupils in the quarters of became administrative, cultural and economic Prishtina, because the quarters are developing center of Kosovo, despite objective and and enlarging more than the possibilities of the subjective obstacles, the Albanian school society to build school facilities. Also high network in the town was developed rapidly as schools are not having cpacity to include all compared to other towns in Kosovo. The School interested pupils for pre-university schooling. Network was expanded expecially during 70-ties and 80-ties of XX Century. In first years of Based on analyzes it can be concluded that World War II in Prishtina town were opened four Prishtina with natural resourses and the structure elementary school, 1990 reaching the number of of Elementary, High Lower, and High Schools as 15 elementary schools, while in 2005 are well as interst of population for education can be functioning 18 Elementary and High Schools very good area for investing in the future from (here are included the private schools), but with the internal and international factor for rise of population in Prishtina, in the large scale development of economy in this town. after the end of last war in 1999, the number of

References

1. Anonymus (1965), Monography of Municipal 4. Directory of Education in the Municipality of Assembly of Prishtina, Prishtina. Prishtina.

2. Demi Z (1990), The Role of Education Senile 5. Gashi Z (1990), The History of Elementary of the Republic of Kosovo towards the Schools in Prishtina until, Manuscript. Independent Albanian School, Prishtina. 6. The Law on High Oriented Education,(1980) 3. Gashi N (2002), The network of High Schools “Officielle Gazette of SAPK” No. 3/80. in Kosovo, accordance of school structure with economic structure, PHD Study, Prishtina.