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Juliana HASEKIU-LLOSHI Prof REPUBLIKA E SHQIPËRISË UNIVERSITETI I ELBASANIT FAKULTETI I SHKENCAVE HUMANE DEPARTAMENTI I HISTORI - GJEOGRAFI TEMË DOKTORATURE FIGURA E DERVISH BEJ BIÇAKUT DHE KONTRIBUTI I TIJ NË HISTORINË E SHQIPËRISË DHE TË ELBASANIT Për Gradën Doktor i Shkencave në Albanologji Fusha: Histori Disertanti Udhëheqës shkencor Msc. Juliana HASEKIU-LLOSHI Prof. As. Dr. Majlinda PEZA-PERRIU Elbasan, Maj 2021 I DISERTACION PËR MBROJTJEN E GRADËS SHKENCORE “DOKTOR I SHKENCAVE” PËRGATITUR NGA JULIANA HASEKIU FIGURA E DERVISH BEJ BIÇAKUT DHE KONTRIBUTI I TIJ NË HISTORINË E SHQIPËRISË DHE TË ELBASANIT UDHËHEQËS SHKENCOR Prof.Asoc.dr. Majlinda PEZA-PERRIU Mbrohet më, përpara jurisë: 1. --------------------------------------- (Kryetar) 2. --------------------------------------- (anëtar) 3. ---------------------------------------- (anëtar) 4. --------------------------------------- (anëtar) 5. --------------------------------------- (anëtar) II FIGURA E DERVISH BEJ BIÇAKUT DHE KONTRIBUTI I TIJ NË HISTORINË E SHQIPËRISË DHE TË ELBASANIT DEKLARATË E VËRTETËSISË SË PUNIMIT DEKLAROJ NË PËRGJEGJËSINË TIME TË PLOTË SE KY PUNIM ËSHTË HARTUAR NGA UNË DHE PËR ÇDO IDE APO INFORMACION , I CILI NUK ËSHTË IMI, KAM RESPEKTUAR TË GJITHË RREGULLAT E CITIMIT DHE REFERIMIT. DEKLAROJ SE NË KËTË PUNIM NUK KA VËND PLAGJIATURA. JULIANA HASEKIU III IA KUSHTOJ PRINDËRVE TË MI DHE FAMILJES SIME IV FALENDERIME Në fillim të këtij punimi, dua të falenderoj profesorin tim të nderuar Prof.Dr. Liman Varoshi, i cili më ka mbështetur përgjatë kërkimeve të mia shkencore, mbi zbardhjen e figurës së Dervish Biçakut dhe që pa dyshim do të doja ta kisha sot në krah. Do të doja gjithashtu të shpreh falenderimet e mia të thella për të gjithë ata që më kanë qëndruar pranë dhe më kanë dhënë këshilla të vyera që nga fillimi i rrugëtimit të këtij punimi. Falenderime të veçanta shkojnë për udhëheqësen time shkencore, Prof.As.Dr. Majlinda Peza-Perriu e cila më ka ndihmuar në realizimin dhe përfundimin e këtij punimi. Falenderime dhe mirënjohje të veçantë ndaj të gjithë profesorëve dhe kolegëve të cilët me ndihmën dhe sugjerimet e tyre kanë bërë që ky punim të realizohet në mënyrën më të mirë të mundshme. Falenderimin më special dua ta bëj për Ajdin që mbetet frymëzimi im. V ABSTRAKT TEMA: FIGURA E DERVISH BEJ BIÇAKUT DHE KONTRIBUTI I TIJ NË HISTORINË E SHQIPËRISË DHE TË ELBASANIT. Disertacioni me temë: “Figura e Dervish bej Biçakut dhe kontributi i tij në historinë e Shqipërisë dhe të Elbasanit”, përbën një studim shkencor që synon të hedhë dritë mbi figurën e Dervish bej Biçakut dhe kontributin e tij në veprimtarinë politiko-arsimore në ngjarjet më të rëndësishme të Shqipërisë dhe të Elbasanit në fundin e shekullit XIX dhe fillimin e shekullit XX. Ky punim përpiqet ta sjellë sa më të plotë elbasanasin që guxoi të kundërshtojë Portën e Lartë; që guxoi të bëjë bashkë myslimanë e të krishterë në Kongresin e shkollave shqipe duke u ngritur mbi fanatizmin që mbizotëronte në qytet; që dha një kontribut të padiskutueshëm në vitet 1909- 1912 dhe që ishte një nga protagonistët e Shpalljes së Pavarësisë. Këtu pasqyrohet edhe censura që karakterizonte periudhën e koministe, që ka mohuar qëllimisht të gjithë veprimtarinë e Dervishit në funksion të çështjes shqiptare. Është trajtuar përfshirja shumë shpejt e tij në mbështetje të Lëvizjes Uniatiste, pra përpjekjeve të tij për shkollën shqipe dhe kishën kombëtare. Në vijim, shqyrtohet kontributi i tij në krijimin e klubit “Vllaznia”, ku Dervishi u zgjodh kryetar i këtij klubi. Jemi përpjekur të pasqyrojmë edhe veprimtarinë e tij, duke pasur parasysh faktin se ai ka pasur kontakte me emrat më të shquar të kohës. Faktet na kanë nxitur të ndalemi në evidentimin e rolit të tij “si kryemësonjës i komisionit të Normales”, i cili menaxhoi mirëfunsksionimin e kësaj shkolle duke e kryer këtë detyrë plot pasion dhe devotshmëri. Kështu kemi analizuar kontributin e tij në Shpalljen e Pavarësisë në Peqin e në Vlorë; rolin i tij në “Pleqësinë e Vlorës” dhe ndihmesën në ditët e para për formimin e Qeverisë së Vlorës. Vitet 1913 – 1914 janë vite që e vendosin Dervish beun herë në konflikt me Aqif Pashën, herë në kahun e mbështetësve të princ Vidit. Përmes burimeve arkivore, jemi përpjekur të evidentojmë arsyet se përse në maj të 1913-ës, Dervishi distancohet nga Ismail Qemali dhe sikurse një pjesë e patriotëve të njohur të asaj kohe, rreshtohet përkrah Esad pashë Toptanit. Ai padyshim mund të ketë problematikat e tij në qëndrimet që ka mbajtur në çështje të ndryshme, por ajo që vlen dhe nuk mund të mohohet dhe mund ta themi pa asnjë mëdyshje është që ai e deshi shumë qytetin e tij, që ishte mbështetës i flaktë i kishës kombëtare, mbështetës me shpirt i gjuhës shqipe dhe shkollës kombëtare, sepse siç ai vetë shkruan, ajo “asht gjallesa e vet kombit”. Dervish Biçaku, në gjithë veprimtarinë e tij gjatë 1912-ës, e shënoi emrin e tij, por edhe të Biçakçinjve në atë plejadë personalitetesh për të cilin çdo elbasanas dhe shqiptar do të ndihej krenar. Fjalë kyçe: Dervish bej Biçaku rilindje, patriot, lëvizja uniatiste, perandoria osmane, diplomaci ,klubi Vllaznia, Kongresi Elbasanit, shkolla normale, pavarësi. VI ABSTRACT TOPIC :THE FIGURE OF DERVISH BEY BIÇAKUT AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF ALBANIA AND ELBASAN "The figure of Dervish bey Biçaku and his contribution to the history of Albania and Elbasan" is a scientific study that aims to shed light on the figure of Dervish bey Biçaku and his contribution to the political and educational activity in the most important events of Elbasan and Albania at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. This piece of work tries to thoroughly describe the city of Elbasan that dared to oppose the High Gate; that dared to unite Muslims and Christians in the Congress of Albanian schools by rising above the fanaticism that prevailed in the city; that made an indisputable contribution during 1909 - 1912 and that was one of the protagonist cities of the Declaration of Independence. In almost all the publications we have been able to research, published during the period 1945-1990, there is a lack information regarding the contribution given by Dervish Biçaku in the Congress of Elbasan, as well as in the Declaration of Independence. This also reflects the censorship that characterized the above-mentioned period, which has deliberately denied all of Dervish's activity in function of the Albanian cause. His involvement in support of the Uniatism Movement, i.e., his efforts for the Albanian school and the national church, have been addressed in this piece of work as well. His contribution to the creation of the club "Vllaznia" is examined, where Dervish was even elected president of this club. The facts have prompted us to dwell on the evidence of his role "as the head teacher of the commission of the Normal school", who managed the well-functioning of this school by performing this task full of passion and devotion. Therefore, we have analysed his contribution to the Declaration of Independence in Peqin and Vlora; his role in the "Eldership of Vlora" and assistance in the first days for the formation of the government of Vlora. The years 1913 - 1914, are years that place Dervish bey sometimes in conflict with Aqif Pasha, sometimes on the side of the supporters of Esat Pasha Toptani. Through archival research, we have tried to identify the reasons why in May of 1913, Dervish distanced himself from Ismail Qemali and, similarly to some of the most well-known patriots of that time, he lined up next to Esat Pasha Toptani for pragmatic reasons. He could have had problematic attitudes regarding various issues, but what is valid and cannot be denied and hence, we can say without any hesitation, is that he loved his city very much, he was an ardent supporter of the national church, a staunch supporter of the Albanian language and the national school, because as he himself writes, it "is the lifeblood of the nation itself". Dervish Biçaku, in all his activity during 1912, marked his name, but also that of his family in that constellation of personalities for whom every person from Elbasan and every Albanian would feel proud. Keywords: Dervish bey Biçaku, Renaissance, Patriot, Pragmatist, Uniatism Movement, Ottoman Empire, Diplomacy, Vllaznia club, Congress of Elbasan, Normal school, Independence. VII PASQYRA E LËNDËS PARATHËNIE .................................................................................................................. IX HYRJE ................................................................................................................................ 1 KREU I: VEPRIMTARIA E BIÇAKÇINJVE NË KUADRIN E LËVIZJES KOMBËTARE NË FUND TË SHEK. XIX - FILLIMI SHEK. XX.....................................10 I. 1 Jetëshkrim i shkurtër për Dervish Biçakun ...................................................................... 10 I. 2 Përfshirja e Biçakçinjve në Lëvizjen Kombëtare Shqiptare ............................................. 15 I. 3 Lëvizja Uniatiste dhe Dervish Biçaku ............................................................................. 20 1.4 Fillesat e konfliktit me Aqif Pashë Biçakun ..................................................................... 32 I. 5 Veprimtari patriotike e Dervish Biçakut në vitet 1900-1908............................................. 34 KREU II: KORRESPONDENCA E DERVISH BIÇAKUT DHE VEPRIMTARIA NË KUADRIN E KLUBEV PATRIOTIKE ........................................................................... 39 II.1 Letërkëmbimet me Faik Konicën ..................................................................................
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