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Cruikshank Athapaska ." '- l,,\ \ ( , c.. " j" ~ i' .' NATIONAL MUSEUM MUSEE NATIONAL OF MAN DE L:HOMME .MERCURY SERIES COLLECTION MERCURE CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SERVICE LE SERVICE CANADIEN D'ETHNOLOGIE PAPER No.57 DOSSIER No.57 ATHAPASKAN WOMEN: Lives and Legends JULlE CRUIKSHANK NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA MUSEES NATIONAUX DU CANADA OTTAWA 1979 r-------~- ------.~ National Museum of Man Musee national de l'Honme National HuseUllE of Canada Musees nationaux du Canada Board of Trustees Conseil d' Administration Dr. Sean B 0 Murphy Chainnan Juge Ren.e J 0 Marin Vice-president Mo Roger B 0 Hanel Merrbre Mere Ginette Gadoury Hercbre Mr 0 MiChael CoD. Habbs Menher Mr. GcMer !1arkle Merrber Mo Paul Ho Ianan Menbre Mr 0 Richard I-ioHo Alway Merrber Mr 0 Robert Go MacLeod Merrber Mr 0 Ian Co Clark SecretaIy General Secretaire general Dr 0 William Eo Taylor, Jr. Director Directeur National Museum of Man Musee national de l' Honme Ao McFadyen ClaIk Olief Chef Canadian Ethnology Service Service canadien d' Ethnologie Dr 0 David Wo Zi.mrerly General Editor Editeur general Canadian Ethnology Service Service canadien d' Etlmologie Cravn Copyright Reserved © Droits reserves au nom de la Couronne NATIONAL MUSEUM MUSEE NATIONAL OF MAN DE ~HOMME MERCURY SERIES COLLECTION MERCURE ISSN 0316-1854 CANADIAN ETHNOLOGY SERVICE LE SERVICE CANADIEN D'ETHNOLOGIE PAPER No.57 DOSSIER No.57 ISSN 0316 -1862 ATHAPASKAN WOMEN: Lives and Legends JULlE CRUIKSHANK NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA MUSEES NATIONAUX DU CANADA OTTAWA 1979 OB.JEX:T OF THE MERCURY SERIES '!he Mercm:y Series is a publication of the National Museum of Man, National MuseUIIE of Canada, designed to pennit the rapid dissemination of information pertaining to those disciplines for which the National Museum of Man is responsible. In the interests of making information available quickly, normal production procedures have been abbreviated. As a result, editorial errors IlE.y occur. Should that be the case, your in­ dulgence is requested, bearing in mind the abject of the Series. '!he opinions ~ressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect those of the National Museum of Man or the Federal Governrrent of Canada. Bur DE IA COLIEcrroN MERCURE La collection Mercure, publiee par le Musee national de I'Hamrre, Musees nationaux du Canada, a pour but de diffuser rapiderrent le resultat de travaux qui ont rapport aux disciplines pour lesquelles le Musee national de I'Harme est responsable. Pour assurer la pronpte distribution des exemplaires inpri.m§s, on a abrege les etapes de I' edition. En consequence, certaines erreurs de redaction peuvent subsister dans les exenplaires inpr:i.rn8s. Si cela se presentait dans les pages qui suivent, les editeurs reclarrent votre indulgence etant donne les abjectifs de la collection. Les opinions expri.IrEes par les auteurs ne refletent pas necessairenent celles du Mlsee national de I'Hamrre Oll du gouvernerrent federal du Canada. ii ABSTRl-\CI' Individual booklets of personal and family history and legends were pre­ pared for seven Athapaskan Indian wonen living in the Yukon Territory. The report presents a discussion of the a..ims of the project, excerpts frombiog­ raphies illustrating changes in -the lives of Athapaskan warren in the 20th CEIltu:ry, and legends told by older warren. Errphasis is on organization and presentation of data fram individual biographies rather than on detailed analysis. Materials presented in this way rra.y be of value to others interested in Athapaskan culture change and to students of carcparative ITlftllology. RESUME Sept livrets ont ete prepares a partir de legendes et d' elenents biogra­ phiqtEs recueillis aupres de sept Athabascanes habitant le Yukon. Le rapport etudie les buts du projet, donne des extraits des biographies pour illustrer les changenents survenus dans la vie des Athaba,scanes au xxe siecle et presente des legendes regues de femres d' age mGr. On s' attache surtout a I' organisation et la presentation des donnees tirees des biographies plurot qu' au detail de I' analyse. Ce genre de docurcentation peut s' averer utile a ceux qu' interesse particulierenent la transfonnation culturelIe des Athabascans ou la mythologie oorrpaI€e. res personnes desireuses de recevoir en franc;ais de plus anples ren­ seigneIIEI1ts sur cette publication sont priees d' adresser leurs demandes a: Service canadien d' Ethnologie Musee national de I 'Hcmre Musees nationaux du canada Ottawa, Ontario KlA eMa iii ACKNCMLEDG1ENT The Canadian Etlmology Service, National Huseum of Man wishes to express its appreciation to the Council of Yukon Indians for its pennission to re­ print the follCMing stories from "My Stories Are My Wealth", Council for Yukon Indians, Whitehorse (1977): CrON Stories by Angela Sidney and Kitty Smith Smart Beaver Stories by Angela Sidney, Kitty Smith and Rachel Dawson The Boy Who Stayed With Fish by Angela Sidhej' and Kitty Smith The Man Who Stayed With Groundhog by Angela Sidney and Kitty Smith 'lhe Dogrib Story by Angela Sidney The Girl and the Grizzly by Angela Sidney Sun Story by Angela Sidney Star Husband by Angela Sidney and Kitty Smith Good Luck Lady by Angela Sidney Animal Mother by Angela Sidney and Kitty Smith ']he First Potlatch by Kitty Smith and Rachel Dawson The Wam:m Taken Away by Angela Sidney The Girl With Two Husbands by Rachel Dawson Kakasgook by Angela Sidney The First Tine They KnON K'ochen by Kitty Smith 'lhe Man In 'Iile Moon by Angela Sidney iv This publication is co-sp::msored by the MARGARET HESS CANADIAN STUDIES FUND of the National Musetml of Man La publication de cet ouvrage a ete ooparrainee par lE MARGARET HESS CANADIAN STUDIES FUND du Musee national de l' Homrre v TABLE OF CDNTENTS PARI' I: INTROOOcrION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 Aims of the Project and WOrk Accamplished •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 PARI' 11: CHANGING THEMES IN THE LIVES OF ATHAPASKAN WOMEN IN THE YUKON ••• 5 CrilCD:lcx::>d. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 NaITd.rlg ••• /_ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13 Ptlber--t:}r • .'. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 14 ~iage ............................................................. 20 CrilCD::>irth ........................................................... 25 WCl£1'EI1 's Work.......................................................... 26 Yearly O:/cle •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••., ••••••• 27 Fcx::>d aIld Tedm.o IDgy' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • 30 ~ ~ciIles ..................................................... 32 'l11.e Plac:e, of S~rn.at1lral Event.s ..................................... 33 P~er aIld Hea.ling •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••• 34 Buslmen .............................................................. 38 -r:t::'ea tIrent of .Arli.rral.s ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••• 39 Same Aspects of Death and pying •••.••••••••.•.....••• ~ •.....• u ••••••• 41 Potlatdles. • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • . .. • • • • . • 42 PARI' Ill: CHANGING LIVES OF NORI'HERN ATHAPASKAN WOMEN IN THE ~ ~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••'............... 45 'l11.e Klondik.e CbldJ::"ush................................................. 45 Alrertlati~s, Af1:er 1898............................................... 48 Opportunities for Wage Work for Women ...•.•••..••.••....••.•••....... 50 'l11.e Alaska Higl1waj1 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • 52 S'lIIIITB..l:Y •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• '. • • • • • • • 56 PARI' IV: VERSIONS OF MYTHS AND LEGENDS '!OLD BY ATHAPASKAN WOMEN •••••••••• 57 1. CYcles of Stories ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 58 CrCJN Stories (Version 1) Birtll of Cr~................................................... 59 CrCJN Brings Light to the World.. • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • 59 Cr~ .Ma}ces 1:l1e Ea.J::'til..........,.................................. 60 CrQV'" .Ma}ces People............................................... 60 CrOrtl Ge:ts l\1aJ::ried............................................... 61 Cra'\1' Fcx:>ls His Brotiler •....••.......••...••••••.••••\............ 63 Crav- Finds His Blarl.k.et.......................................... 64 Crav IDses His ~e.............................................. 64 Crav lDses His Nose •••• ·••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ' 65 CrOil Mee:ts VVllale................................................ 66 CrClrl F<XJls His Brother Deer..................................... 66 Crow Finds a New Brotiler ..•••••.••••...•••••••••.•••••.••••••..• 67 CrCJN Falls in lDve witil his Mother-in-Law....................... 67 CrCJN Stories (Version 2) How C~ Made the World ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 68 St:ory- of Creation •••........•.............•.•...•••••..••••••.• '. 71 Hav IndiarlS Got Fire............................................ 72 Hav Crav Brought Fish to MaIl.................................... 73 vi Cr"aq aIld ~e........................ 75 Cr"av- ~ts G::r'izzly Bear•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 77 C:r"aol Stories (Version 3) ~d of C:r"aol................................................. 78 Snart Bea.1Jer Cycle (V~ion 1)...................................... 83 Little Bea~r ~ts GiaIlt.....................................
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