1.2 Data Classification.notebook September 08, 2016 Homework Answers 2. It's too impractical to use populations. 4. Descriptive and Inferential 46. a. volunteers in the study b. all people who took the test c. descriptive statistics
Sep 41:49 PM
1.2 Data Classification
Sep 47:56 AM 1 1.2 Data Classification.notebook September 08, 2016 Types of Data
Qualitative Data: consists of attributes, labels or nonnumerical entries
Quantitative Data: consists of numerical measurements or counts
Sep 47:58 AM
The populations of several U.S. cities are shown in the table. Which data are qualitative data and which are quantitative data?
City Population Baltimore, MD 636,919 Jacksonville, FL 807,815 Memphis, TN 669,651 Pasadena, CA 143,080 San Antonio, TX 1,351,305 Seattle, WA 598,541
Sep 48:02 AM 2 1.2 Data Classification.notebook September 08, 2016 Determine whether the data are quantitative or qualitative.
a. Number of picture a chimp correctly identifies
b. Leaf colors of two different trees in fall
c. Numbers on 43 Nascar cars
Sep 48:14 AM
Levels of Measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Data of the nominal level of measurement: are qualitative only. Data at this level are categorized using names, labels, or qualities. No mathematical computations can be made at this level.
Data of the ordinal level of measurement: are qualitative or quantitative. Data at this level can be arranged in order, or ranked, but differences between data entries are not meaningful.
Sep 48:16 AM 3 1.2 Data Classification.notebook September 08, 2016
Consider the following data sets. For each data set, decide whether the data are at the nominal level or at the ordinal level.
1. The final standings for the Pacific Division of the National Basketball Association 2. A collection of phone numbers
Sep 48:24 AM
*The two highest levels of measurement consist of quantitative data only.
Data at the interval level of measurement: can be ordered, and meaningful differences between data entries can be calculated. At the interval level, a zero entry simply represents a position on a scale; the entry is not an inherent zero.
Data at the ratio level of measurement are similar to data at the interval level, with the added property that a zero entry is an inherent zero. A ratio of two data values can be formed so that one data value can be meaningfully expressed as a multiple of another.
*An inherent zero is a zero that implies "none.": $0 = no money. A nonexample of inherent zero: 0oC does not mean no temperature.
Sep 48:17 AM 4 1.2 Data Classification.notebook September 08, 2016 Extra Example 3... Decide whether the data are at the interval level or at the ratio level. • The body temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) of an athlete during an exercise session • The heart rates (in beats per minutes) of an athlete during an exercise session
Sep 48:50 AM
*The following tables summarize which operations are meaningful at each of the four levels of measurement. When identifying a data set's level of measurement, use the highest level that applies.
Determine if Arrange Subtract one Level of Put data in data in data data value is a measurement categories order values multiple of another
Nominal Yes No No No Ordinal Yes Yes No No Interval Yes Yes Yes No Ratio Yes Yes Yes Yes
Sep 48:51 AM 5 1.2 Data Classification.notebook September 08, 2016 Identify the level of measurement for each of the following: a. military title Lieutenant, Captain, Major ordinal b. categories of clothing hat, shirt, pants, socks nominal c. heat measured in degrees celsius interval d. city of birth
Sep 48:58 AM
Homework
Page 13: 16, 729 odd
Sep 49:02 AM 6