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La Relation Bilatérale Franco-Syrienne Depuis 2000 Ruptures Et Continuités À Travers Le Prisme De La Présidentialisation De La Politique Étrangère Française
BANQUE DES MEMOIRES Master « Sécurité et défense » Dirigé par le Professeur Olivier GOHIN 2017 La relation bilatérale franco-syrienne depuis 2000 Ruptures et continuités à travers le prisme de la présidentialisation de la politique étrangère française Quentin GABIRON Sous la direction du Professeur Nicolas HAUPAIS UNIVERSITÉ PANTHÉON-ASSAS – PARIS II Droit – Économie – Sciences sociales Année universitaire 2016-17 Master 2 Sécurité et défense LA RELATION BILATÉRALE FRANCO-SYRIENNE DEPUIS 2000 RUPTURES ET CONTINUITÉS À TRAVERS LE PRISME DE LA PRÉSIDENTIALISATION DE LA POLITIQUE ÉTRANGÈRE FRANÇAISE Mémoire préparé sous la direction de M. le Professeur Nicolas HAUPAIS présenté et soutenu publiquement pour l’obtention du Master 2 Sécurité et défense – finalité professionnelle par Quentin GABIRON JURY Président : M. le Professeur Nicolas HAUPAIS Assesseur : CGA Arnauld CHÉREIL de la RIVIÈRE LA RELATION BILATÉRALE FRANCO-SYRIENNE DEPUIS 2000 RUPTURES ET CONTINUITÉS À TRAVERS LE PRISME DE LA PRÉSIDENTIALISATION DE LA POLITIQUE ÉTRANGÈRE FRANÇAISE L’Université n’entend donner aucune approbation ni improbation aux opinions émises dans le mémoire; ces opinions doivent être considérées comme propres à leurs auteurs. TABLE DES ABRÉVIATIONS IDE : Investissement direct à l’étranger IFRI : Institut français des relations AEIA : Agence internationale de l’énergie internationales atomique INA : Institut national d’administration AFP : Agence France presse MAE : Ministre des Affaires étrangères APE : Analyse de la politique étrangère MAEDI : Ministre des -
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background the Yemen Civil War Is
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The Yemen civil war is currently in its fifth year, but tensions within the country have existed for many years. The conflict in Yemen has been labelled as the worst humanitarian crisis in the world by the United Nations (UN) and is categorized as a man-made phenomenon. According to the UN, 80% of the population of Yemen need humanitarian assistance, with 2/3 of its population considered to be food insecure while 1/3 of its population is suffering from extreme levels of hunger and most districts in Yemen at risk of famine. As the conditions in Yemen continue to deteriorate, the world’s largest cholera outbreak occurred in Yemen in 2017 with a reported one million infected.1 Prior to the conflict itself, Yemen has been among the poorest countries in the Arab Peninsula. However, that is contradictory considering the natural resources that Yemen possess, such as minerals and oil, and its strategical location of being adjacent to the Red Sea.2 Yemen has a large natural reserve of natural gasses and minerals, with over 490 billion cubic meters as of 2010. These minerals include the likes of silver, gold, zinc, cobalt and nickel. The conflict in Yemen is a result of a civil war between the Houthi, with the help of Former President Saleh, and the Yemen government that is represented by 1 UNOCHA. “Yemen.” Humanitarian Needs Overview 2019, 2019. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2019_Yemen_HNO_FINAL.pdf. 2 Sophy Owuor, “What Are The Major Natural Resources Of Yemen?” WorldAtlas, February 19, 2019. -
Egyptian Foreign Policy (Special Reference After the 25Th of January Revolution)
UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL PÚBLICO Y RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES TESIS DOCTORAL Egyptian foreign policy (special reference after The 25th of January Revolution) MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTORA PRESENTADA POR Rania Ahmed Hemaid DIRECTOR Najib Abu-Warda Madrid, 2018 © Rania Ahmed Hemaid, 2017 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Facultad de Ciencias Políticas Y Socioligía Departamento de Derecho Internacional Público y Relaciones Internacionales Doctoral Program Political Sciences PHD dissertation Egyptian Foreign Policy (Special Reference after The 25th of January Revolution) POLÍTICA EXTERIOR EGIPCIA (ESPECIAL REFERENCIA DESPUÉS DE LA REVOLUCIÓN DEL 25 DE ENERO) Elaborated by Rania Ahmed Hemaid Under the Supervision of Prof. Dr. Najib Abu- Warda Professor of International Relations in the Faculty of Information Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, 2017 Ph.D. Dissertation Presented to the Complutense University of Madrid for obtaining the doctoral degree in Political Science by Ms. Rania Ahmed Hemaid, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Najib Abu- Warda Professor of International Relations, Faculty of Information Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid. University: Complutense University of Madrid. Department: International Public Law and International Relations (International Studies). Program: Doctorate in Political Science. Director: Prof. Dr. Najib Abu- Warda. Academic Year: 2017 Madrid, 2017 DEDICATION Dedication To my dearest parents may god rest their souls in peace and to my only family my sister whom without her support and love I would not have conducted this piece of work ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgments I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Prof. Dr. Najib Abu- Warda for the continuous support of my Ph.D. -
Russian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Briefed on Syria Transition Roadmap
Contact: Hart Uhl FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Tel. (202) 828-1228 Email: [email protected] SYRIAN EXPERT HOUSE DELEGATION MEETS WITH DEPUTY MINISTER BOGDANOV Russian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Briefed on Syria Transition Roadmap Washington, DC – On April 16, 2014, Syrian Center for Political and Strategic Studies (SCPSS) Executive Director Dr. Radwan Ziadeh and a delegation from the Syrian Expert House met with Russian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Mikhail Bogdanov and other representatives of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Syrian Expert House Delegation included: Dr. Radwan Ziadeh - Executive Director of the Syrian Center for Political and Strategic Studies, President of the Syrian Commission for Transitional Justice Dr. Osama Kadi – President, Syrian Center for Political and Strategic Studies; Head, Assistance Coordination Unit Dr. Monzer Makhous – Representative in Paris, National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces Dr. Mahmoud al-Hamza – Chairman of the National Council of the Damascus Declaration Abroad In the meeting, the delegation gave a presentation on Syria Transition Roadmap, a document recently published by SCPSS and the Syrian Expert House detailing the Syrian opposition’s vision of the democratic political transition in Syria. The Roadmap covers constitutional reform and rule of law, political and administrative reform, electoral reform and political parties law, security sector reform, economic reform, and transitional justice and national reconciliation. The delegation highlighted the Syrian Expert House’s recommendations on electoral reform, explaining that future elections should be conducted in small districts and be based on a system of proportional representation. In addition, Dr Ziadeh stressed the necessity of reforming the security forces and dividing them into two branches: the national security forces and military intelligence. -
Armed Conflict Alone Does Not Explain the Devastation of Yemen's Health
Commentary BMJ Glob Health: first published as 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004740 on 23 February 2021. Downloaded from Armed conflict alone does not explain the devastation of Yemen’s health system 1 2 3,4 Tayseer AlKarim, Aula Abbara , Bothaina Attal To cite: AlKarim T, Abbara A, Driven by the prolonged internal conflict, Summary box Attal B. Armed conflict external aggression, economic decline and alone does not explain the scarcity of resources, Yemen faces the world’s Armed conflict alone in Yemen cannot explain the devastation of Yemen’s health 1 ► system. BMJ Global Health worst humanitarian crisis. The ongoing devastating humanitarian situation with other, non- 2021;6:e004740. doi:10.1136/ violence has played a fundamental role in conflict factors also culpable. bmjgh-2020-004740 shaping this humanitarian crisis. However, ► The traditional role of the central government has violence alone cannot account for the extent been incapacitated and replaced by an archipelago Handling editor Seye Abimbola of suffering across the country and the collapse of proto- states. of the health system; other factors need to be ► Fragmentation, poor coordination, poor transparency Received 13 December 2020 and weak governance have adversely affected the Accepted 15 December 2020 considered with the aim of drawing strategies to respond to the present and future health humanitarian response. The mandate of the United Nations (UN) to operate and humanitarian needs. ► through the governmental framework is invalid in the modern armed conflict and it needs to be developed. BACKGROUND TO THE CONFLICT ► The ongoing conflict has created war- business dy- namics that further systemised the corruption and Half a decade of relentless hostilities between patronage networks in the country, which in turn has state and non- state actors, backed by regional deprived Yemenis from equal and dignified access to and international powers, have devastated humanitarian aid. -
Bulletin De Liaison Et D'information
INSTITUT KUDE RPARD IS E Bulletin de liaison et d’information n°332 novembre 2012 La publication de ce Bulletin bénéficie de subventions du Ministère français des Affaires étrangères (DGCID) et du Fonds d’action et de soutien pour l’intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (FASILD) ————— Ce bulletin paraît en français et anglais Prix au numéro : France: 6 € — Etranger : 7,5 € Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France : 60 € — Etranger : 75 € Périodique mensuel Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 13 A.S. ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tél. : 01- 48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01- 48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: [email protected] Bulletin de liaison et d’information de l’Institut kurde de Paris N° 332 novembre 2012 • KURDISTAN D’IRAK : FORCES « DIJLA » CONTRE « HAMRIN », KURDES ET IRAKIENS AU BORD DE LA GUERRE • SYRIE : VERS UNE FORCE MILITAIRE UNIFIÉE DES KURDES ? • TURQUIE : DÉCISION DE JUSTICE STUPÉFIANTE DANS L’AFFAIRE PINAR SELEK • CULTURE : MORT DE SHOKROLLAH BABAN • CINEMA : TROIS FILMS KURDES À L’AFFICHE CULTURE KURDISTAN D’IRAK : FORCES « DIJLA » CONTRE « HEMRIN », KURDES ET IRAKIENS AU BORD DE LA GUERRE peine le conflit sur les région est sous la responsabilité pas reconnaître les forces Dijla ni hydrocarbures tempo - des Conseils provinciaux et les croire à leur succès opérationnel. rairement apaisé, c’est mouvements des forces Dijla À au sujet des régions déstabiliseront la sécurité de Loin de baisser le ton, Maliki a kurdes séparées du cette région et en bouleverseront envenimé la polémique en lan - Gouvernement Régional du la réalité politique. -
PPWG Assessment – Yemen Prepared for the United States Atrocity Early Warning Task Force
PPWG Assessment – Yemen Prepared for the United States Atrocity Early Warning Task Force Conflict Background: Yemen’s political instability began after a 2011 Arab Spring uprising that ousted President Ali Abdullah Saleh from power. Then Vice President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, became Yemen’s interim president for what was supposed to be a two-year term, as they moved to a more representative form of government with regular elections. In 2014, channeling the frustration of many Yemenis’ complaints of rampant corruption, unemployment, increase in fuel prices, and the subsequent unrest across Yemen including calls for an independent Southern Yemen, the Houthis took control of Yemen. They entered Sana’a in September with the assistance of ex- president Saleh, and put Hadi under house arrest. Saudi Arabia, having already fought with the Houthis in support of Saleh in 2009, were alarmed by the Houthis’ control of large parts of Yemen. After the Houthis took control of Sana’a, Yemen’s warring political factions began internal Yemeni peace negotiations, and were on the verge of a power-sharing deal mediated by former UN envoy Jamal Benomar. In press reports, Benomar indicated that he was completely unaware that Saudi Arabia would begin aid-raids while he was still in Sana’a on his diplomatic mission. With the stated goal of reinstating Hadi to power, Saudi Arabia formed a coalition of nine Arab countries including its major supporter in the war, the United Arab Emirates, and all Gulf Cooperation Council countries except Oman. Saudi Arabia framed the conflict in sectarian terms insisting Iran was supporting the Houthis, an indigenous group. -
Pushing Al-Qaeda out of Yemen Impossible Due to Its Ties with Government
Received by NSD/F A.RA Regi~tration Unjt 08/03/2018 11 :42:04 AM 81312018 Pushing AJ"Qaeda out of Yemen Impossible Due to Its Ties with Govemmen. t . .. ' . Homepage ~ Opinion Published by Ahmed Muthana in Opinion Pushing Al-Qaeda out of Yemen Impossible Due to Its Ties with Government f,',, Yemeni government fighters closing in on an al-Qaeda location in the Hadramawt province. Photo: Saleh Al Obeidi, AFP Five days after President Donald J. Trump took office, he directed his first military action against the al-Qaeda group in the Ar.J.}?ian Peninsula (AQAP), consid~red to be one of al-Qaeda's most dangerous branches. Despite the attempts to push al-Qaeda out of Yemen and the American drone operations aimed at degrading AQAP, all efforts have I . https://theglobepost.com/2018/08!02/al~qaeda-yemen-al--islah/ampn_twitter _impressfon=true 1/5 Received by NSD/F ARA Registration ,Unit 08/03/2018 11 :42:04 AM Received by NSD/FARA ~egistration Unit _08/03/2018 l l:42:04·AM 8/3/2018 Pushing Al=a_~e_da o_u~ of Y~m~n ln:ip9~_sibl_e D.ue ta _l_t~ "J'.i~s .wi!h Go~emn:ient Separatists fronithe Southern Resistance Forces, backed by the_u:s. arid the Uriited Atab Emirates, managed to defeat the te"rrorist group in most of south Yemen. However, the al~Qaeda branch is stronger than evet fo the north of the country. For the legitimate_government of President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, cutting ties with AQAP is an almost impossible mission. -
The Syrian War: Portraits with Political Meanings
Degree Project Level: Bachelor´s degree The Syrian War: Portraits with Political Meanings A Content Analysis of Al-Jazeera’s Coverage of the Intra-Syrian Peace Negotiations Author: Alexandra Kubresli Supervisor: Ulf Hansson Examiner: Mats Öhlén Subject/ main field of study: Political Science Course code: SK2016 Credits: 15 credits (hp) Date of examination: 2019-06-11 At Dalarna University it is possible to publish the student thesis in full text in DiVA. The publishing is open access, which means the work will be freely accessible to read and download on the internet. This will significantly increase the dissemination and visibility of the student thesis. Open access is becoming the standard route for spreading scientific and academic information on the internet. Dalarna University recommends that both researchers as well as students publish their work open access. I give my/we give our consent for full text publishing (freely accessible on the internet, open access): Yes ☒ No ☐ Dalarna University – SE-791 88 Falun – Phone +4623-77 80 00 Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyse the contents in texts about the intra-Syrian peace negotiations, as well as identify latent political meanings, through examining how the sides of the war are portrayed in al-Jazeera´s coverage. Dr Zainab Abdul-Nabi suggests in her analysis of al-Jazeera´s coverage of another event in the Syrian war, namely the chemical attack in Ghouta, that al-Jazeera has a catalysing role in the Arab Spring when covering the Syrian war in particular. This study continues along those lines that Abdul-Nabi suggests by analysing the coverage of another event in the Syrian war – the UN-led intra-Syrian peace negotiations. -
The Coast in Conflict Migration, Sectarianism, and Decentralization in Syria’S Latakia and Tartus Governorates
STUDY The Coast in Conflict Migration, Sectarianism, and Decentralization in Syria’s Latakia and Tartus Governorates KHEDER KHADDOUR July 2016 n The protracted Syrian conflict has created a steady flow of displaced Sunnis to the primarily Alawite coastal region. Rather than viewing these migrants as an undis- tinguished bloc of Sunnis, local communities treat them differently based on their regional and class identities. n To address both the need for more military manpower and the effects of increas- ing numbers of battle casualties on coastal communities, local charities aimed at supporting conflict-affected families and recruitment centers for pro-regime militias have sprung up in the Latakia and Tartus governorates. This has furthered the mutual dependence between the Assad regime and the coastal communities and extended the regime deeper into society, beyond the framework of formal state institutions. n The coast has been affected by the conflict, touched by dynamics of localization of power relations and de-institutionalization seen in other parts of the country. Hence, is not an island outside of the broader conflict. KHEDER KHADDOUR | THE COAST IN CONFLICT Contents 1. Introduction . 3 2. Methodology . 3 3. Local Communities versus Sects . 3 3 1. What is the Coast? . 4 3 .2 Newcomers and the Coast . 5 4. New Economies, Old Conflicts . .9 4 1. Latakia . 9 4 .2 Baniyas . .10 5. Regime and Coastal Alawites: A New Interdependence . .11 5.1 Charities . 12 5.2 Militia Recruitment Centers �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14 -
Yemen May 2021
Yemen Decision adopted unanimously by the IPU Governing Council at its 207th session (Virtual session, 25 May 2021) Yemeni members of parliament vote in Sana’a on 24 June 2000 to approve the 12 June border agreement signed with Saudi Arabia © Khaled Fazaa/AFP YEM09 - Abd al-Hameed Saif al-Batra’ YEM-57 - Mansour Ali Yahya Maflah al-Hanq YEM-10 - Insaf Ali Mohamed Mayou YEM-58 - Nasr Zayd Mahi al-Din YEM-11 - Ja'abal Mohamed Salem Mohsin Ta'iman YEM-59 - Hiba Allah Ali Saghir Sharim YEM-12 - Abd al-Rahman Ibrahim Abdah Nashtan YEM-60 - Abd Allah Saad Sharaf Abas al-Namani YEM-13 - Abd al-Khalek Abd al-Hafed Ben Shihoun YEM-61 - Abd al-Razaq Maslah al-Hijri YEM-14 - Abd al-Khalek Abdah Ahmad al-Barkani YEM-62 - Abd al-Karim Ahmad Yahya al-Sinissi YEM-15 - Mohamed Qasem Mohamed al-Naqib YEM-63 - Abd al-Karim Mohamed Mach’ouf al-Aslami YEM-16 - Mohamed Maqbal Ali Hasan al-Hamiri YEM-64 - Abd al-Aziz Abd al-Jabar Ghaleb Dabwan YEM-17 - Mafdal Ismail al-Abara YEM-65 - Othman Hasin Fayed Majli YEM-18 - Haza' Saad Mathar Yahya al-Masouri YEM-66 - Fathi Tawfiq Abd al-Rahim Mathar YEM-19 - Amine Mohamed al-Saloui YEM-67 - Mohsin Ali Omar Baserah YEM-20 - Abd al-Rahman Hasin Ali al-A'shbi YEM-68 - Isaac al’Qa’hm YEM-21 - Abd al-Aziz Ahmad Ali Mohamed Ja'bari YEM-69 - Ali Hassan Ahmad Jilan YEM-22 - Abd al-Wahab Mahmoud Ali Ma'wadah YEM-70 - Ibrahim Chouaib Mohamed al-Facheq YEM-23 - Ali Hasin Naser Ahmad al-A'nsi YEM-71 - Amine Ali Mohamed al-Akimi YEM-24 - Ali Mohamed Ahmad al-Ma'mari YEM-72 - Hamid Abd-Allah Saghir Ahmad al-Jabarati YEM-25 - Ali -
Foreign Influence on Gray Zone: an Analytical Approach to Yemen Conflict OUTLINE
Foreign Influence on Gray Zone: An Analytical Approach to Yemen Conflict OUTLINE • Introduction • Yemen Scene Setter • Nash Equilibrium • Bruce Bueno de Mesquita • Takeaways • Questions What is the influence of foreign involvement on gray zone conflicts in Yemen? Motivations & Constraints ● Think Differently ● Develop Tool for Analysis ● Narrow Case Study ● Scalable Model Yemen Scene Setter Timeline: ● 1990 - US facilitates unification of Yemen into one state ● 2004 - Houthis organize over perceived injustice ● 2009 - Houthis launch first attack but is put down, tension remains ● 2012 - 1st President forced to leave in non-violent transfer ● 2014 - Houthis rally around 1st President ● 2015 - Houthis invade capital of Sana’a, civil war begins Yemeni Government (status quo) • Key Leader: - Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi - President of Yemen (2012- Present) • Primary Interests: - Re-establish a unified Yemen - Coalesce power under his government Houthis (revisionist) • Key Leader: - Ali Abdullah Saleh - 1st President of a unified Yemen (1990-2012) • Primary Interests: - Return to 2-state system - Or, replace Yemeni government with Houthi Saudi Arabia (interventionist) • Key Leader: - Mohammed bin Salman • Primary Interest: - Maintain status quo - Prevent Iranian influence Nash Equilibrium Basic Mechanics - What is Nash Equilibrium? - What information does Nash Equilibrium provide? - What does the Yemen conflict look like using Nash Equilibrium? Assumptions • Both sides cannot conduct 1st Strike simultaneously • Both sides cannot conduct 2nd Strike