sign in sign up
<<
Home , Reclaimed water

This project is funded by the European Union Stakeholder Participatory Sustainable Management at farm Level

Wastewater with a case study from Jordan and Palestine MEDWA PROJECT

اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق اﻷردﻧﻲ اﻟﻬﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ Reclaimed water reuse

Reclaimed water is the treated that is treated to a higher degree (depending on the location), instead of being discharged into a natural body of water, and used for a broad range of practical purposes. General Requirements

1- The reclaimed domestic standard has two primary components: a) Reclaimed water discharged to streams, wadis or water bodies. b) Reclaimed water for reuse 2- Reclaimed water must comply with the stated standard for each use. 3- Its not permitted to dilute or mix reclaimed water with pure water to comply with the requirements set in the standards. Standard requirements for reuse:

| This include reusing reclaimed water for artificial recharge of ground water and for purposes.

| Technical studies must be performed before using reclaimed water for irrigation purposes to verify that there is no effect on aquifers used for drinking purpose. Reclaimed water reuse for irrigation

| It is prohibited to use reclaimed water for irrigating that are eaten uncooked (raw). | It is prohibited to use sprinkler irrigation except for irrigating golf courses with preservation. | When using reclaimed water for irrigating fruit trees, irrigation must be stopped two weeks prior to fruits harvesting and those become in contact with must be disposed of. Water reuse in the Mediterranean

| In Mediterranean countries (MEDA-countries) with serious water shortage, the reuse of treated wastewater is increasingly demanded for different purposes like and tourism.

| Appropriate with low running costs, easy operation and producing a safe effluent for water reuse purposes are urgently needed. Introduction to MEDWA:

| It is one of the MEDA-water projects in the mediterranean. | It is a consortium between four partners from Austria, Spain, Palestine and Jordan. Hilfswerk, FPSC, PARC and JOHUD Project duration: | 3 years started from April 2004 and 1 year of extension starting from April 2007. Overall objective of the project:

| Improving of stakeholder participatory sustainable water management at farm level through MEDA cooperation with Jordan & Palestine Project locations

LAKE TIPERIAS IRBID

JORDAN AL-BALQA

DEAD MADABA SEA AL-KARAK

AL-TAFILAH

AQABA GULF

THE HASHEMITE KIGDOM WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP OF JORDAN Project main activities in Jordan

| Two pilot decentralized wastewater treatment plants. | 30 home gardens. | 5 communal water cisterns. | 90 individual water cisterns. | 24 Greywater treatment plants for households. | 2 water use associations. | Rehabilitation of 3 springs. | 24 training courses through professional trainers. Pilot wastewater treatment plants in Jordan & Palestine

| Number of pilot plants: 4 in Pal. & 2 in Jor.

| Purpose of construction:

Increase available water for agricultural purposes and at the same time solve the problem of wastewater in these communities. The treatment plants together with systems serve a group of about 50 families. The treated wastewater will be used mainly for complementary irrigation of fruit trees and some vegetables that will be eaten after been cooked. In a summary, the problem of wastewater will be solved at the level of 50 families and this will ensure about 7500 m3/day of treated water that will be used for irrigation. Pilot wastewater treatment plants in Jordan

| The two WWTP are constructed for treating wastewater transported by tankers to the plants location from the cesspools of the households.

| Tabqet Fahel plant is treating 50 m3/day and serves about 60 Donm* of the nearby planted areas.

| Ghor Al-Safi plant is treating 30 m3/day and serves about 40 Donm* of specially planted trees that are able to resist .

| The irrigation network needed to reuse the treated water will be installed by the beneficiaries (farmers from the surrounding areas of the plants).

*Donm= 1000 m2 Tabqet Fahel Treatment plant

| The treatment system consists of a two-step anaerobic high-rate reactor, UASB reactor followed by , chlorination and sand filter.

| will be collected in separate collection tank and then transported by tankers to an appropriate sludge treatment plant.

| The plant is designed to achieve a removal efficiency of 90%, and thus the effluent will be of an appropriate quality for reuse. Chlorine dosing system

Equalization UASB Extended Collection tank aeration tank

Sludge collection tank

Sludge will be transported to a sludge treatment plant To farms Ghor Al-Safi Treatment plant

| This plant is a two-step treatment system.

| It consists of SBR followed by 3 basins of vertical and horizontal constructed .

| Sludge will be collected and handled in a reed sludge drying bed and then composted and used in the surrounding agricultural farms.

| The plant is designed to achieve a removal efficiency of 90%, and thus the effluent will be of an appropriate quality for reuse. Anaerobic CWL CWL Collection reactor Vertical flow Horizontal flow tank

Reed Sludge drying bed To farms composting Influent WW quality

| Design septage influent quality

Parameter Value BOD 1,850 mg/L COD 7,353 mg/L TSS 6,424 mg/L TKN 322 mg/L Effluent standards

| Class B effluent reuse standards (JS 893/2002) have been adopted for the design.

| The treatment systems have been designed to the more stringent interpretation of the nitrate standards. Characteristics for reused water in Jordan Allowable limits per end use Parameter Unit Cooked Vegetables, Fruit Trees, Sides Field , Industrial Parks, of Roads Crops and Playgrounds outside city Trees and Sides of limits, and Roads within landscape city limits

AB C Biological Demand mg/l 30 200 300

Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 100 500 500

Dissolved Oxygen mg/l >2 - - mg/l 50 150 150 pH unit 6-9 6-9 6-9 NTU 10 - - Nitrate mg/l 30 45 45 Total mg/l 45 70 70 Escherishia Coli Most probable number or 100 1000 - colony forming unit/100 ml Intestinal Helminthes Eggs Egg/l < or = 1 < or = 1 < or = 1 Pilot wastewater treatment plants in Palestine

| There are four WWTP constructed for treating wastewater transported by sewer lines to the plants location from the cesspools of the households.

| Sir Village/ Qalqilia plant, is treating 14 m3/day for an average of 350 persons.

| Attil city/ Tulkarim plant, is treating 14 m3/day.

| Gaza Strip/ Khan Younis plant, the plant is treating 14 m3/day.

| Biddya plant, is treating 30 m3/day. | System used in Qalqilia, Tolkarim and Khan Younis: The system consists of a followed by an anaerobic (upflow) rock filter and a , with recirculation from the trickling filter back to the pumping tank.

| System used in Biddya: Vertical constructed is the system used for the treatment of wastewater in this location. The purpose of this plant is to increase the available water for agricultural purposes and at the same time solve the problem of wastewater disposal in the targeted communities. performance data of the first system

Parameter Average effluent Concentration Range (mg/L) BOD5 5-10 TSS 5-10 NH3 75% to 98% Nitrification Fecal Coliform 3 to 4 Log Reduction Total Nitrogen 80% to 95% Removal Performance characteristic of the second system, CW.

Influent Effluent characteristic. characteristic.

BOD: 750 Mg/l COD >85% COD: 1200 mg/l BOD >95% TDS: 1700 mg/l FCC ave. 102-103 TSS: 340 mg/l MEDWA greywater treatment units

|System used: Sub-surface horizontal flow constructed wetlands.

unit gravel sand gravel collection layer layer layer tank

mesh MEDWA greywater treatment units

|Location: - Two villages on the north and south of the kingdom.

|Number of units: 24 system to experiment the effect of local climatic conditions as well as the social behaviors that strictly influence the performance of these systems. | Constructed wetlands are near-natural systems for the treatment of wastewater. These systems function similar to natural wetlands and are an effective, aesthetic method to naturally remove pollutants from polluted water.

| Advantages of CWL: Low cost can be a part of the landscape High efficiency Low maintenance cost Requires minimal operational attention Lack of odors and insect vectors Long lasting unit | Greywater is any water that has been used, except water from , is called greywater. | Dish, shower, sink, and laundry water comprise 50-80% of residential "" water.

| This water can be reused for other purposes, especially landscape irrigation. Components of the System

| Inlet filter tank: this tank is 0.90*1.10*1.00 m3 and is covered by a screen to hold the large particles and solids.

These screens are supposed to be cleaned once every week to avoid breeding of odors and mosquitoes. | The wetland basin:

The area of the wetland is 11 m2 This system is gravel based (media of the system) Gravel mean sizes is 16/32 and 1/4 inch. The media are arranged in 3 layers vertically to achieve the purpose of purification and prevent inlet and outlet clogging. The bottom of the bed is sloped for 1% and has a mean depth of 0.75 m. the purpose of the sloping bottom is to provide sufficient hydraulic gradient to ensure subsurface flow in the bed. A liner with a thickness of 800 μm is used as a barrier to prevent seepage.

| Collection tank:

This tank is immersed into the third layer composed of gravel. The volume of this tank is 1 m3. The sides of the tank are perforated in order to let the treated water get in, and then be pumped out for the drip irrigation network fixed by the household. Description of the system

| This system is a biological system, considered to be a batch reactor for which the HRT is an important parameter. | The HRT needed is recommended to be a maximum of 3 days. | The media provides the surface area needed for the treatment. | 16 unit started to operate and are going to

be monitored for BOD5, COD, TSS, Ammonia and nitrite, and ability to remove grease and lipids. | The performance capacity of this system is designed to be 90% removal and its expected to maintain this criteria. | Through the monitoring program, design and operation manuals will be set to expand this treatment idea in the country. Selection of beneficieries:

| Houses that are not served with a sewer system. | Houses surrounded by home gardens. | Willingness of users to constuct treatment units in their home gardens. | Ability to separate the grey water from the waste water lines within the house. | Willingness of users to irrigate the surrounding home gardens with the treated greywater. | Uses of treated grey water Beneficiaries will be directed to use treated grey water for the irrigation of:

zOrnamentals zFruit trees zFences and wind breakers Constraints and problems

| Difficult-to-separate sewer systems | Design of Home gardens | Not enough area, i.e., fully planted | Effluent is not checked in regard of suitability for irrigation of vegetables. | Using non-degradable detergents in house keeping. | Commitment of beneficiaries to the operation and maintenance duties. www.medwa.org

Thank you…