Reclaimed Water As an Alternative Water Source for Crop Irrigation Lawrence R
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Reuse: a Safe and Effective Way to Save Water
SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT Water Reuse: A safe and effective way to save water ON THE INSIDE The demand for water is projected to increase over the long term in n Reclaimed water and reuse explained South Florida. Urban populations, agricultural operations and the environment depend on adequate water supplies. Fresh ground n Reuse success stories water and surface water will not be sufficient to satisfy all future n Reuse on a regional level demands. Meeting this growing thirst hinges on efforts to develop How water is reclaimed n alternative water sources. This brochure looks at one of the ways to n Purple pipes signify conserve Florida’s water resources — reclaiming water for reuse. reclaimed water Consider what happens to the water used inside the home. Once down the drain, this water is piped to the local wastewater treatment plant where it undergoes treatment to meet state standards for disposal. Historically, most of the water was disposed by injecting it deep underground or by discharging to surrounding waters or to the ocean. This is a wasteful way to treat such a valuable resource. More and more communities are finding that wastewater need not be wasted. They are reclaiming this water for irrigation of residential lots, golf courses, sports fields and orange groves; industrial cooling; car washing; fire protection; and Reclaimed water sign in Collier County groundwater recharge. Reuse is also beneficial to the environment. Success Stories During times of drought, reclaimed water •Pompano Beach – The city takes is a dependable source of water because wastewater being piped to the ocean, its availability is not dependent on rainfall. -
Direct Potable Reuse in Small-To-Medium Sized Inland Communities: Lessons Learned for Public Education and Outreach Claudia B
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Architecture and Planning ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fall 11-16-2017 Direct Potable Reuse in Small-to-Medium Sized Inland Communities: Lessons Learned for Public Education and Outreach Claudia B. Pratesi University of New Mexico Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/arch_etds Part of the Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons Recommended Citation Pratesi, Claudia B.. "Direct Potable Reuse in Small-to-Medium Sized Inland Communities: Lessons Learned for Public Education and Outreach." (2017). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/arch_etds/34 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Architecture and Planning ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Claudia Pratesi Candidate Water Resources and Community and Regional Planning Department This thesis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Thesis Committee: Caroline Scruggs , Chairperson John Fleck Robert Berrens i Direct Potable Reuse in Small-to-Medium Sized Inland Communities: Lessons Learned for Public Education and Outreach By Claudia Pratesi Previous Degree Environmental Studies THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Water Resources, and Master of Community and Regional Planning The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico December, 2016 ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my father, Riccardo Pratesi. I could not have done it without his support and help during this journey through graduate school. -
Draft National Water Reuse Action Plan: Appendix A
Appendix A: Discussion Framework AAppppppeeeennnnddddiiiixxxx A::: DDDDiiiissssccccuuuussssssiioooonnnn FFFFrrrraaaammmmeeeewwwwoooorrrrkkkk Appendix A contains the EPA’s Discussion Framework for Development of a Draft Water Reuse Action Plan. This document was publicly released on April 18, 2019, in conjunction with the opening of the docket to receive early public input on development of the draft National Water Reuse Action Plan. The Discussion Framework is provided in this appendix unaltered from its initial release as posted on the EPA’s water reuse website: it does not reflect the contributions of commenters, outreach, or literature consulted since its release. DDDDiiiissssccccllllaaiiiimmmmeeeerrrr This Discussion Framework is intended to frame the context for the draft Action Plan and provide key background information about the business case for reuse, potential water reuse applications, potential framework for the draft Action Plan, potential collaborators and contributors, example forums for discussion, and published water reuse literature. It is not a draft Action Plan, but rather a framework for discussion about the development of a draft Action Plan. It may be revised or updated. It is not intended, nor can it be relied on, to create any rights enforceable by any party in litigation with the United States. The EPA and its employees do not endorse any products, services, or enterprises. Mention of trade names, entities, or products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The contents of the Discussion Framework are not exhaustive. Nothing in the Discussion Framework is intended to reflect the EPA’s position regarding any water-related policy or solicitation of public comments. Draft National Water Reuse Action Plan—September 2019 | A-1 Discussion Framework for Development of a Draft Water Reuse Action Plan 4/18/2019 Discussion Framework for Development of a Draft Water Reuse Action Plan A Collaborative Call for Action: Development of a Water Reuse Action Plan On February 27, 2019, at a water reuse summit in San Francisco, the U.S. -
Wastewater Treatment: Overview and Background
Wastewater Treatment: Overview and Background Claudia Copeland Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy October 30, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov 98-323 Wastewater Treatment: Overview and Background Summary The Clean Water Act prescribes performance levels to be attained by municipal sewage treatment plants in order to prevent the discharge of harmful wastes into surface waters. The act also provides financial assistance so that communities can construct treatment facilities to comply with the law. The availability of funding for this purpose continues to be a major concern of states and local governments. This report provides background on municipal wastewater treatment issues, federal treatment requirements and funding, and recent legislative activity. Meeting the nation’s wastewater infrastructure needs efficiently and effectively is likely to remain an issue of considerable interest to policymakers. Congressional Research Service Wastewater Treatment: Overview and Background Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Federal Aid for Wastewater Treatment ............................................................................................ 1 How the SRF Works .................................................................................................................. 2 Other Federal Assistance .......................................................................................................... -
The Role of Water Reclamation in Water Resources Management in the 21St Century
THE ROLE OF WATER RECLAMATION IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY K. Esposito1*, R. Tsuchihashi2, J. Anderson1, J. Selstrom3 1*: Metcalf & Eddy, 60 East 42nd Street, 43rd Floor, New York, NY 10165 2: Metcalf & Eddy, 719 2nd Street, Suite 11, Davis, CA 95616 3: Metcalf & Eddy, 2751 Prosperity Ave Suite 200, Fairfax, VA 22031 ABSTRACT In recognition of the existing and impending stress to traditional water supply, water planners must look beyond structural developments and interbasin water transfers to secure supply into the future. In this process, it is becoming evident that various issues related to water must be integrated into a whole system approach, including water supply, water use, wastewater treatment, stormwater management, and management of surrounding water environment. In bringing disparate water assets together, alternatives to traditional water supply should arise. Integrated water resources management can provide a realistic framework for examining the feasibility of water reuse. This paper evaluates how water reuse can become a strategic alternative in water resources management. The key challenges that limit water reclamation as one of the key elements in integrated water resources management scheme are discussed, including limitations with typical centralized wastewater treatment systems and public health protection, particularly the implications of trace contaminants. The key considerations to address these challenges are presented including (1) selection of appropriate treatment processes and reuse applications, (2) scientific and engineering solutions to emerging concerns, (3) consideration for cost effective and sustainable system, and (4) public acceptance. Recent water reclamation projects are presented to illustrate the response of the engineering community to the challenges of making water reclamation and reuse a real and sustainable solution to water supply system management planning. -
The Biological Treatment Method for Landfill Leachate
E3S Web of Conferences 202, 06006 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206006 ICENIS 2020 The biological treatment method for landfill leachate Siti Ilhami Firiyal Imtinan1*, P. Purwanto1,2, Bambang Yulianto1,3 1Master Program of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia 3Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia Abstract. Currently, waste generation in Indonesia is increasing; the amount of waste generated in a year is around 67.8 million tons. Increasing the amount of waste generation can cause other problems, namely water from the decay of waste called leachate. Leachate can contaminate surface water, groundwater, or soil if it is streamed directly into the environment without treatment. Between physical and chemical, biological methods, and leachate transfer, the most effective treatment is the biological method. The purpose of this article is to understand the biological method for leachate treatment in landfills. It can be concluded that each method has different treatment results because it depends on the leachate characteristics and the treatment method. These biological methods used to treat leachate, even with various leachate characteristics, also can be combined to produce effluent from leachate treatment below the established standards. Keywords. Leachate treatment; biological method; landfill leachate. 1. Introduction Waste generation in Indonesia is increasing, as stated by the Minister of Environment and Forestry, which recognizes the challenges of waste problems in Indonesia are still very large. The amount of waste generated in a year is around 67.8 million tons and will continue to grow in line with population growth [1]. -
Wastewater Irrigation on Farms Contaminates Food
Wastewater Irrigation on Farms Contaminates Food The use of recycled wastewater in agricultural fields has implications for human health and the environment by Nikita Naik of information on the chronic effects of CEC exposure on human health, their persistence in and effects on the environment, the ef- The use of recycled wastewater, an increasingly attractive op- fectiveness of various treatments in removing these contaminants tion in face of growing water shortages and droughts in the U.S. from wastewater effluents, lack of analytical detection methods, and abroad for uses such as agriculture, landscaping, and drink- and more. Additionally, the cost of decontamination, if techno- ing water, raises serious questions about dietary exposure to logically feasible, is typically left to taxpayers and local water and toxic chemicals such as antibacterial pesticides. Concerns about sewage authorities. chemical exposure through the food supply are being raised just as water recycling is being advanced as a sound environmental Background alternative that reduces strain on water resources and vulnerable The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) describes the ecosystems, decreases wastewater discharge, and cuts down on recycling of wastewater or “water recycling” as “reusing treated pollution. wastewater for beneficial purposes such as agricultural and land- scape irrigation, industrial processes, toilet flushing, and replen- Recycled wastewater presents a risk to human health and the en- ishing a ground water basin.”2 While the terms “water recycling” vironment due to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that and “water reuse” may seem redundant since all water is reused are not removed even by high level water treatment processes, in one way or another within the water cycle, the distinction sug- and can persist in the water for long periods of time, especially gests the use of technology to hasten the reuse process or mul- when used for agricultural irrigation. -
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technologies Fitxategia
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES Image by Frauke Feind from Pixabay licensed under CC0 Estibaliz Saez de Camara Oleaga & Eduardo de la Torre Pascual Faculty of Engineering Bilbao (UPV/EHU) Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Industrial Wastewaters (IWW) means the water or liquid that carries waste from industrial or processes, if it is distinct from domestic wastewater. Desalination plant “Rambla Morales desalination plant (Almería - Spain)” by David Martínez Vicente from Flickr licensed under CC BY 2.0 IWW may result from any process or activity of industry which uses water as a reactant or for transportation of heat or materials. 2 Characteristics of wastewater from industrial sources vary with the type and the size of the facility and the on-site treatment methods, if any. Because of this variation, it is often difficult to define typical operating conditions for industrial activities. Options available for the treatment of IWW are summarized briefly in next figure. To introduce in a logical order in the description of treatment techniques, the relationship between pollutants and respective typical treatment technology is taken as reference. 1. Removal of suspended solids and insoluble liquids 2. Removal of inorganic, non-biodegradable or poorly degradable soluble content 3. Removal of biodegradable soluble content 3 Range of wastewater treatments in relation to type of contaminants. Source: BREF http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/ 4 3.1. CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS CLASSIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS -
Industrial Reuse-V4a.Indd
PROFILES IN REUSE: Industrial Reuse The amount of water on Earth does not change—through nature all water has been recycled since the beginning of time. While nearly 70 percent of the planet is covered by water, only two and a half percent is freshwater, and only one percent is accessible. Water reuse, also known as water recycling, is the process of intentionally capturing wastewater, stormwater, saltwater, or graywater and cleaning it for a designated beneficial freshwater purpose such as drinking, industrial processes, surface or ground water replenishment, and environmental restoration. THE BUSINESS CASE FOR INDUSTRIAL REUSE Industrial facilities adopt water reuse for a variety of business reasons: WATER SECURITY $ As persistent drought, increasing demand, and other pressures strain local fresh water resources, water reuse offers a reliable option for facilities that depend on water to operate. COST SAVINGS WHAT IS $ Recycled water for industrial processes and irrigation is often less expensive than water treated INDUSTRIAL to drinking water standards because of the reduced treatment costs required to produce it. REUSE? ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE As state$ and local governments increase water quality-related regulations, water reuse is $ an effective strategy to achieve regulatory compliance; in fact, several jurisdictions now Industrial reuse refers stipulate the use of recycled water for new plant construction. to water that is used SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY more than once in Industrial reuse plays an important role in an organization’s corporate vision and an industrial setting. environmental stewardship goals, helping to achieve corporate sustainability and Water is treated and lessen impact on water supply in a local community. -
14 Industrial Wastewater Treatment with Electron Beam
JP0150463 JAERI-Conf 2001-005 14 Industrial Wastewater Treatment with Electron Beam Bumsoo HAN, Jaeln Ko, JinKyu KIM, Yuri KIM, WooHo Chung Central Research Institute of Samsung Heavy Industries Co. 103-6 Munji-dong Yusung-ku, Taejon 305-380, Korea (rep. of) Abstract Global withdrawals of water to satisfy human demands have grown dramatically in this century. Between 1900 and 1995, water consumption increased by over six times, more than double the rate of population growth. This rapid growth in water demand is due to the increasing reliance on irrigation to achieve food security, the growth of industrial uses, and the increasing use per capita for domestic purposes. Given the seriousness of the situation and future risk of crises, there is an urgent need to develop the water-efficient technologies including economical treatment methods of wastewater and polluted water. In the Central Research Institute of Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI), many industrial wastewater including leachate from landfill area, wastewater from papermill, dyeing complex, petrochemical processes, etc. are under investigation with electron beam irradiation. For the study of treating dyeing wastewater combined with conventional facilities, an electron beam pilot plant for treating l,000m3/day of wastewater from 8O,OOOm3/day of total dyeing wastewater has constructed and operated in Taegu Dyeing Industrial Complex. A commercial plant for re-circulation of wastewater from Papermill Company is also designed for S-paper Co. in Cheongwon City, and after the successful installation, up to 80% of wastewater could be re- used in paper producing process. 1. Introduction Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI) was established in 1974 and has managed to enter a wide range of successful business areas. -
Water Reuse Context & Terminology
Water Reuse Context & Terminology Produced through a collaborative process by various workgroups of the WateReuse Association (WRA), WRA California Section, the California Association of Sanitation Agencies (CASA), and the Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA) Updated by WateReuse Association California Communications Collaborative Group, October 2019 Approved by the Board of Directors of WateReuse California and Association of California Water Agencies With water reuse playing an increasingly important role in water supply portfolios throughout the United States, consistent use of terms and their definitions is critical to public education and outreach. Aligning the way we talk about water reuse can go a long way toward helping the public understand how it fits in a community’s overall strategy to improve water supply reliability and resiliency. In 2016, various workgroups of the WateReuse Association (WRA), WRA California Section, the California Association of Sanitation Agencies (CASA), and the Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA) collaborated to produce a list of terms that could be distributed for use by members of all the organizations. As water agencies throughout California have continued to implement both non-potable and potable water reuse projects, WateReuse California’s Communications Collaborative Group (CCG) recommends that this document be updated to reflect both research and real-world experience talking to community members about reuse. This revised document provides public education and outreach professionals with an updated framework to discuss water reuse with the public and a glossary to help navigate the technical terms frequently encountered. One particular phrase, “Toilet-to-Tap,” is often used to describe potable reuse projects. While it is totally incorrect, it is most often used by headline writers who want to entice readers of a story about a potable reuse project – and will probably remain in use, especially by those who want to cast aspersions about the potable reuse process. -
Sustainable Action Plan for County Operations 4890-012418 RTP-HT Table of Contents
REPORT CARD: FY 2016/2017 Sustainable Action Plan for County Operations 4890-012418 RTP-HT Table of contents Table of contents . 3 . Report card: FY 2016/2017 . 4 . How to use this report . 4 Progress summary . 5. Chapter 1 Chapter 4 Chapter 7 Minimizing the Carbon Footprint Alternative Fuel Waste of County Operations 6 Vehicles 12 Reduction 18 Noteworthy accomplishments . 6 Noteworthy accomplishments . 12 Noteworthy accomplishments . 18 Benefits & Performance . 7 Benefits & Performance . 13 Benefits & Performance . 19 Chapter 2 Chapter 5 Chapter 8 Renewable Energy & Energy Water Conservation Green Efficiency 8 & Management 14 Purchasing 20 Noteworthy accomplishments . 8 Noteworthy accomplishments . 14 Noteworthy accomplishments . 20 Benefits & Performance . 9 Benefits & Performance . 15 Benefits & Performance . 21 Chapter 3 Chapter 6 Chapter 9 Green Land Conservation Health & Building 10 & Management 16 Wellness 22 Noteworthy accomplishments . 10 Noteworthy accomplishments . 16 Noteworthy accomplishments . 22 Benefits & Performance . 11 Benefits & Performance . 17 Benefits & Performance . 23 Glossary . 24 References . 26 . Sustainable Action Plan for County Operations • Report Card: FY 2016/2017 | 3 REPORT CARD: FY 2016/2017 Sustainable Action Plan for County Operations n May 17, 2014, the Pima County Board of Supervisors adopted the 2014 Sustainable O Action Plan for County Operations . This plan seeks to achieve a “balance between economic development, social well-being and environmental protection to ensure the needs of current generations can be met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs .” Measuring progress is crucial to the success of Pima County’s sustainability efforts . The purpose of this report card is to inform County decision makers and the broader community about Pima Construction workers restore and preserve the Pima County’s progress toward meeting the goals and County Historic Courthouse .