Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Southwest Asia

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E Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. ______• Iran CLASS CLASS continued Persian Gulf Countries Persian

• Oman • Iraq • Bahrain• Saudi Arabia Kuwait • • United Emirates Arab • Qatar In the north, Iran also borders the landlocked Caspian Sea. Sea. Caspian landlocked the borders north, the also In Iran The region’s highest mountains are the Hindu Kush range. It range. Kush Hindu the are mountains highest The region’s merge Iran western in Mountains of Iran. much cover Plateaus has Turkey bodies of water. borders several Asia Southwest Persian the by shaped is Peninsula Arabian northeast, the the In The Dead Sea, between Israel and Jordan, is also landlocked. body lowest world’s the it is level, sea below m) feet (395 1,300 At elevation. land lowest world’s the represents Its shore of water. Guiding Question in resources and landforms main the are What Asia? Southwest were They Asia. Southwest dominate plateaus and Mountains between four collisions by years million 100 past the formed over earthquakes. caused also has movement This plates. tectonic Southwest Asia’s Physical Features Physical Asia’s Southwest nation's that along and of Afghanistan much across stretches form natural ranges Mountain Asia. South in Pakistan with border are passes mountain As a result, trade. and travel to barriers Pass, Khyber the is famous most One of the area. this in important for served a route as It has Pakistan. and between Afghanistan of years. for thousands armies invading and trade across spreads Plateau Anatolian The Turkey. of eastern those with vast a single, is Peninsula Arabian The Turkey. western and central peninsula’s the to parallel lie that ranges mountain Long plateau. plateau. edges of the deeply eroded the actually are coasts Syria, Seas. Black and Aegean, Mediterranean, on the coasts Lebanon, and coasts Israel on have the Mediterranean Sea. Jordan, has The Red Sea Red Sea. the border Yemen and Arabia, Saudi Suez Egypt’s since waterways busiest been world’s one of the with Sea Mediterranean links the The canal opened 1869. in Canal and Yemen Peninsula, Arabian southeastern the In Red Sea. the Ocean. a part Sea, Indian of the Arabian on the coasts have Oman called waterway a strategic by ocean the to connected It is Gulf. very become important has Gulf of Hormuz. The Persian Strait the region’s of the Eight 1900s. of the middle the affairs world since in Gulf. Persian the border countries 15 Physical Geography of Southwest Asia, Asia, Southwest of Geography Physical Conclusions Text Describing Explaining What makes the Dead Dead the makes What distinct? Sea Why do you think think do you Why of Hormuz Strait the is strategically important? Read the text on the right. the Highlight that bodies of water Asia. border Southwest Where is the Khyber Khyber the is Where it is why and Pass, important? Reading Essentials and Study Guide Guide Study and Essentials Reading

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1. NAME ______DATE Lesson 1: Lesson 1: 208 Southwest Asia Southwest Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Lesson 1: Southwest Asia areas where underground water allows plants to grow all year. and sheep. There are known as thepeople Bedouin keep herds ofcamels, horses, nomadic areas, some In settlements. human permanent no are ofthe peninsula.southern part Theclimate that is there sodry sea in the world is the Rub‘ Quarter, orEmpty al-Khali, in the seas, which are unbroken expanses ofsand. Thelargest sand in the region. Ithasdesert many landscapes, including sand Desert covers most of the Arabian Peninsula. It is the largest Mesopotamia, which is Greek for“land the rivers.” between eastern Syria. This area has known since been ancient times as Theplainfloods. covers most ofIraq,southeastern Turkey, and alluvial plain In their lower courses, they parallel flow to each other through an same river system. They begin in the mountains ofeastern Turkey. Tigris and the Euphrates. They considered are often ofthe part settlement patterns. Thekey resources are oil and natural gas. Lack ofwater has shaped the region's human and history people in Southwest Asia? How do natural resources influence the lives of Guiding Question Natural Resources highland climate. Glaciers are found among their high peaks. summerbetween and winter. TheHindu Kush mountains have a Afghanistan have continental climates. Temperatures greatly vary and dry. Themountains ofeastern Turkey, western Iran, and central temperatures and moderate rainfall in winter. Summers are warm of western Turkey, the climate is Mediterranean. There are mild ranges. mountain and highlands in are dry. These somewhat green. Areas at zones the are edgesofthe dry normally dry. Seeds sprout within hours, turning the plains wadis through race water of torrents Iran. Temperatures can rise to 129°F (54°C). Whenrains come, coverDeserts most ofthe Arabian Peninsula andof large parts Most of Southwest Asia has an arid, or very dry, climate. other physical features climate affect in Southwest Asia? What are some ways that mountains, seas, and Guiding Question Southwest Asia’s Climates AE______DT ______DATE ______NAME Deserts spread acrossDeserts much ofSouthwest Asia. TheArabian Southwest Asia’s longestand most rivers two important are the By the region’san the By Mediterranean . This is aplain created by soil deposited by river Physical Geography of Southwest Asia, oases in the Theseare Arabian Desert. d Aegean coasts and in much , or streambeds that are, orstreambeds that semiarid , or Reading Essentials and Study Guide continued 6. Reading 5. 8. Reading 7. Defining Marking Marking the CLASS Southwest Asia? in landforms shape crustal plates—helped movement ofEarth's is, activity—that How has tectonic is. Rub‘al-Khali the what explain that Underline the words without irrigation? farmers grow crops Southwest Asia could of In what parts wadi. an oasisbetween and a the difference Describe Text Progress Check Progress Check ______209 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. ______CLASS CLASS continued industrial oil; plastics, cloth fibers industrial oil; plastics, • of petroleum Gaseous form • of petroleum Liquid form • and heating, Gasoline; diesel,

Crude Oil Natural Gas Natural The world’s largest known deposits of petroleum are in in are of petroleum known deposits largest The world’s industrialized export to oil of their most These countries variety resources. boasts of mineral a great also The region Southwest Asia. Most of them are concentrated around and under under and around concentrated are of them Most Asia. Southwest Arabia, gulf—Saudi the border that countries Five Gulf. Persian the half than more Emirates—hold Arab United and Iraq, Kuwait, Iran, known oil. world’s the tremendous brought wealth Petroleum have countries. revenues areas, a few in Only exporting people the a few countries. in to of the lives the improve been to used wealth the has however, aboutpeople bring modernization. or to Phosphates, of coal. deposits significant have Iran and Turkey Syria. and Iraq, Israel, in mined are fertilizers, in used are which Afghanistan in geologists American Between 2010, 2006 and Among them minerals. deposits enormous of many discovered earth elements rare and lithium, gold, cobalt, copper, iron, were devices. electronic make to used export that it? affected petroleum countries has the How Asia? of Southwest features physical major the are What Physical Geography of Southwest Asia, Asia, Southwest of Geography Physical Progress Check Text Five countries that that countries Five Gulf Persian the border half than more hold been has that oil the indiscovered the of three Name world. the countries. Read the text on the right.recent Highlight made in discoveries Afghanistan that may rise country this help out of poverty. Reading Essentials and Study Guide Guide Study and Essentials Reading 2. Expository 2. 1. Expository1. Marking the Marking

Reading 10. 9. Writing Writing for Understanding Check NAME ______DATE Lesson 1: Lesson 1: 210 Southwest Asia Southwest