DroughtDrought TolerantTolerant GardeningGardening withwith PhotosPhotos fromfrom thethe MosesMoses LakeLake DemoDemo GardenGarden

WSU Grant/AdamGrant/Adamss Master Gardener Program Cynthia Calbick, Master Gardener

FFallall 2008 Revised Spring 2015 Cooperating agencies: Washington State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Grant and Adams Counties. Extension programs and employment are available to all without discrimination. Evidence of noncompliance may be reported reported through your local Extensions office. WhyWhy useuse droughtdrought toleranttolerant plants?plants? WhenWhen establishedestablished theythey are:are:

Lewisia rediviva MoreMore toleranttolerant ofof locallocal conditions,conditions, MoreMore pestpest resistantresistant ifif unstressed,unstressed, NeedNeed lessless fertilizerfertilizer andand NeedNeed lessless addedadded water.water. WhatWhat makesmakes aa plantplant droughtdrought tolerant?tolerant?

1. Adaptations of the stomata to reduce water loss, such as reduced numbers of stoma or waxy leaf surfaces. 2. Water stored in succulent above-ground parts or water-filled tubers. 3. Adaptations in the root system to increase water absorption. 4. Trichomes (small hairs) on the leaves to absorb atmospheric water. ColumbiaColumbia BasinBasin conditionsconditions

1. Hot temperatures up to 110 ° 2. Long sunny days, 12 +hours of sun 3. Dry, low precipitation - 4 to 7 inches 4. Alkaline soil is common 5. Sandy, rocky or clay type soils common 6. Lack of natural organic material GuideGuide toto WaterWater WiseWise GardeningGardening

 1.1. DesignDesign gardengarden planplan –– color,color, contrast,contrast, waterwater zones,zones, purpose,purpose, areasareas  2.2. AnalyzeAnalyze site,site, soil,soil, grade,grade, sunsun exposureexposure  3.3. PreparePrepare youryour soilsoil  4.4. SelectSelect youryour plantsplants andand turfturf  6.6. PlanPlan andand installinstall youryour irrigationirrigation andand plantsplants  5.5. MulchMulch forfor protection,protection, healthhealth andand beautybeauty  7.7. ObserveObserve andand maintainmaintain landscape,landscape, IPMIPM

AnalyzeAnalyze site,site, soil,soil, grade,grade, exposureexposure

1. MeasureMeasure andand drawdraw aa sketchsketch ofof youryour site.site. 2. HaveHave youryour soilsoil analyzed/tested.analyzed/tested. 3. WhatWhat isis degreedegree ofof slope/drainageslope/drainage ?? 4. WhatWhat isis thethe sunsun exposureexposure throughthrough--outout thethe day?day? LandscapeLandscape designdesign basicsbasics

 IdentifyIdentify needsneeds andand purposepurpose ofof areas,areas, useuse ofof space,space, desireddesired structuresstructures  IrrigationIrrigation needsneeds andand placementplacement  PlantPlant sizessizes ––largelarge --‘‘bones,bones,’’ toto smallsmall  ChooseChoose texturestextures andand colorscolors  SelectSelect andand placeplace plantsplants  Softscape,Softscape, turf,turf, mulch,mulch, groundground covercover  Hardscape,Hardscape, gravel,gravel, bricks,bricks, pathspaths

DevelopDevelop aa waterwater useuse planplan

 PlanPlan 33 wateringwatering byby zones:zones: higher,higher, medmed && lowlow waterwater useuse areas.areas. BackgroundBackground plantsplants

 TreesTrees  LargeLarge ShrubsShrubs  GrassesGrasses

ForegroundForeground plantsplants

 SmallSmall TreesTrees  Shrubs,Shrubs, largelarge andand smallsmall  FloweringFlowering PerennialsPerennials  GroundGround CoversCovers  AnnualsAnnuals

““PutPut thethe RightRight PlantPlant inin thethe RightRight PlacePlace””

 North,North, south,south, easteast oror westernwestern exposureexposure  ShadeShade oror sun;sun; HowHow manymany hourshours ofof eacheach  SoilSoil nutrients,nutrients, type,type, pH,pH, drainagedrainage  WaterWater availabilityavailability

LimitLimit PlantPlant Stress.Stress.

KnowKnow 20+plant20+plant requirementsrequirements forfor sun,sun, shade,shade, water,water, nutrients,nutrients, soilsoil andand moremore  PutPut plantsplants inin theirtheir favoritefavorite locationlocation  Compost!Compost! addadd organicorganic materialsmaterials toto soilsoil  MulchMulch toto managemanage heat,heat, waterwater && weedsweeds  KeepKeep soilsoil foodfood web,web, ((mycorrhiza),mycorrhiza), thethe micromicro andand macromacro critterscritters healthy.healthy. ReduceReduce turfturf areas.areas.

Lawns are a money pits for residences. Lawn grass is the second largest crop in America after corn, another grass. In fact, we grow more lawn grass than anyone else in the world. It takes more time, more resources and results in more pollution than other crops. ProtectProtect andand improveimprove youryour soil.soil.

Use cover crops, compost, limit tilling, limit chemicals save the soil food web, feed the living microbes and mycorrhiza. Mulch!!Mulch!! withwith wood,wood, straw,straw, leaves,leaves, stone,stone, compostcompost andand others.others. SelectSelect appropriateappropriate plantsplants SupplementSupplement irrigationirrigation andand draindrain efficiently.efficiently.

Dip and soakers Observe,Observe, maintain,maintain, regularlyregularly evaluateevaluate

IPM IntegratedIntegrated PestPest ManagementManagement

--PreventPrevent pestspests earlyearly --RemoveRemove food,food, shelter,shelter, water,water, entriesentries forfor pestspests --InspectInspect regularlyregularly forfor signssigns ofof pestpest damagedamage toto determinedetermine ifif youyou havehave aa problemproblem --IdentifyIdentify youryour pest,pest, disease,disease, oror problemproblem --TrackTrack youryour pestspests --EliminateEliminate existingexisting populationpopulation (trap,(trap, biologicals)biologicals) --UseUse bestbest managementmanagement optionoption (WSU(WSU MGs)MGs) --EvaluateEvaluate effortsefforts andand successsuccess PhotosPhotos fromfrom MosesMoses LakeLake MasterMaster GardenerGardener DroughtDrought TolerantTolerant andand NativeNative PlantPlant GardenGarden 55th AveAve andand PioneerPioneer WayWay golden yarrow Achillea filipendulina Achillea filipendulina golden yarrow blue fortune Agastache Agastache blue fortune rosy pussytoes Antennaria microphylla Antennaria microphylla rosy pussytoes ursi ursi - - kinnickinnick Arctostaphylos uva Arctostaphylos uva kinnickinnick clandonensis clandonensis Worcester gold Worcester gold Caryopteris Caryopteris mountain bluet Centaurea montana Centaurea montana mountain bluet purple coneflower Echinacea purpurea Echinacea purpurea purple coneflower purple coneflower Echinacea purpurea Echinacea purpurea purple coneflower parsnip flowered buckwheat Eriogonum heracleodies Eriogonum heracleodies parsnip flowered buckwheat Douglas snow buckwheat Eriogonum nivum Eriogonum nivum Douglas snow buckwheat flower buckwheat flower buckwheat - - sulpher Eriogonum umbellatum Eriogonum umbellatum sulpher native blanket flower Gaillardia aristata Gaillardia aristata native blanket flower twirling butterflies Gaura lindheimeri Gaura lindheimeri twirling butterflies prairie smoke Geum triflorum Geum triflorum prairie smoke fall fall - - blue oat grass Helictotrichon sempervirens Helictotrichon sempervirens blue oat grass winter winter - - blue oat grass Helictotrichon sempervirens Helictotrichon sempervirens blue oat grass

small perennial poppy Papaver rupifonagum Papaver rupifonagum small perennial poppy hot rock penstemon Penstemon deustus Penstemon deustus hot rock penstemon firecracker penstemon Penstemon strictiformus Penstemon strictiformus firecracker penstemon Rocky Mountain penstemon Penstemon Penstemon Rocky Mountain penstemon Venus penstemon Penstemon Venustus Penstemon Venustus Venus penstemon Penstemon virens Penstemon virens Russian sage Perovskia atriplicifolia Perovskia atriplicifolia Russian sage golden current golden current Ribes aureum Ribes aureum European elderberry Sambucus guincho purple Sambucus guincho purple European elderberry elderberry elderberry European European

Sambucus nigra Sambucus nigra Guincho Purple Guincho Purple elderberry elderberry European European Guincho Purple Sambucus nigra Sambucus nigra Guincho Purple autumn joy autumn joy Sedum telephinum Sedum telephinum Ohme garden thyme Thymus serpyllum Thymus serpyllum Ohme garden thyme garrettii garrettii s hybrid s hybrid ’ ’ owmann owmann B Zauschneria Zauschneria B WashingtonWashington NativeNative PlantsPlants

Courtesy of Ted Alway

Derby Canyon Natives Vine Maple Acer circinatum Acer circinatum Vine Maple Douglas Maple Acer glabrum Acer glabrum Douglas Maple Mountan Alder Alnus incana Alnus incana Mountan Alder Douglas Hawthorn Crataegus douglasii Crataegus douglasii Douglas Hawthorn Rocky Mountain Juniper Juniperus scopulorum Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain Juniper Lodgepole Pine Pinus contorta Pinus contorta Lodgepole Pine Western White Pine Pinus monticola Pinus monticola Western White Pine Doulglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Pseudotsuga menziesii Doulglas Fir Western Red Cedar Thuja plicata Thuja plicata Western Red Cedar ShrubsShrubs Service Berry Amelanchier alnifolia Amelanchier alnifolia Service Berry ursi ursi - - Kinnikinnik Arctostaphylos uva Arctostaphylos uva Kinnikinnik Stiff Sagebrush Artemisia rigida Artemisia rigida Stiff Sagebrush Threetip Sagebrush Artemisia tripartita Artemisia tripartita Threetip Sagebrush Goatsbeard Aruncus dioicus Aruncus dioicus Goatsbeard Ceanothus sanguineus Ceanothus sanguineus Redstem ceanothus Redstem ceanothus Snowbrush ceanothus Ceanothus velutinus Ceanothus velutinus Snowbrush ceanothus Blue Clematis Clematis columbiana Clematis columbiana Blue Clematis Western Clematis Clematis ligusticifolia Clematis ligusticifolia Western Clematis Red Osier Dogwood Cornus sericea Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood Dasiphora fruticosa Dasiphora fruticosa Shrubby Cinquefoil Shrubby Cinquefoil Rabbitbrush Ericameria nauseosa Ericameria nauseosa Rabbitbrush Oceanspray Holodiscus discolor Holodiscus discolor Oceanspray Twinflower Linnaea borealis Linnaea borealis Twinflower Orange Honeysuckle Lonicera ciliosa Lonicera ciliosa Orange Honeysuckle Twinberry Lonicera involucrata Lonicera involucrata Twinberry Tall Oregon Grape Mahonia aquifolium Mahonia aquifolium Tall Oregon Grape Mountain Boxwood Pachistima myrsinites Pachistima myrsinites Mountain Boxwood Mockorange Philadelphus lewisii Philadelphus lewisii Mockorange Mallow Ninebark Physocarpus malvaceus Physocarpus malvaceus Mallow Ninebark Bitter Cherry Prunus emarginata Prunus emarginata Bitter Cherry Chokecherry Prunus virginiana Prunus virginiana Chokecherry Bitterbrush Purshia tridentata Purshia tridentata Bitterbrush Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac Golden Currant Ribes aureum Ribes aureum Golden Currant Wax Currant Ribes cereum Ribes cereum Wax Currant flowering Currant flowering Currant - - Red Ribes sanguineum Ribes sanguineum Red Nootka Rose Rosa nutkana Rosa nutkana Nootka Rose Timbleberry Rubus parviflorus Rubus parviflorus Timbleberry Coyote Willow Salix exigua Salix exigua Coyote Willow Pacific Willow Salix lucida Salix lucida Pacific Willow Mackenzie Willow Salix prolixa Salix prolixa Mackenzie Willow s Willow s Willow ’ ’ Scouler Salix scouleriana Salix scouleriana Scouler Purple Sage Salvia dorrii Salvia dorrii Purple Sage Blue Elderberry Sambucus nigra Sambucus nigra Blue Elderberry Red Elderberry Sambucus racemosa Sambucus racemosa Red Elderberry Western Mountain Ash Sorbus scopulina Sorbus scopulina Western Mountain Ash Birchleaf Spirea Spiraea betulifolia Spiraea betulifolia Birchleaf Spirea Hardhack Spirea douglasii Spirea douglasii Hardhack Snowberry Symphoricarpus albus Symphoricarpus albus Snowberry Black Huckleberry Vaccinium membranaceum Vaccinium membranaceum Black Huckleberry GrassesGrasses Indian Ricegrass Achnatherum hymenoides Achnatherum hymenoides Indian Ricegrass Pinegrass Calamagrostis rubescens Calamagrostis rubescens Pinegrass Tufted Hairgrass Deschampsia caespitosa Deschampsia caespitosa Tufted Hairgrass Idaho Fescue Festuca idahoensis Festuca idahoensis Idaho Fescue Alpine Fescue Festuca ovina var. brevifolia Festuca ovina var. brevifolia Alpine Fescue Junegrass Koeleria cristata Koeleria cristata Junegrass Basin Wildrye Leymus cinereus Leymus cinereus Basin Wildrye Bluebunch Wheatgrass Pseudoroegneria spicata Pseudoroegneria spicata Bluebunch Wheatgrass Perennial Flowers

AchielleaAchiellea millefoliummillefolium YarrowYarrow Hummingbird Mint Agastache cana Agastache cana Hummingbird Mint Sunset Hyssop Agastache rupestris Agastache rupestris Sunset Hyssop Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly Everlasting Blackcap Rubus lasiococcus Rubus lasiococcus Blackcap Rosy Pussytoes Antennaria microphylla Antennaria microphylla Rosy Pussytoes Red Columbine Aquilegia formosa Aquilegia formosa Red Columbine Prairie Wormwood Artemisia frigida Artemisia frigida Prairie Wormwood leafed Balsam Root leafed Balsam Root - - Arrow Balsamorrhiza sagittata Balsamorrhiza sagittata Arrow Purple Poppy Mallow Callirhoe involucrata Callirhoe involucrata Purple Poppy Mallow Sundrops Calylophus serrulatus Calylophus serrulatus Sundrops Wenatchee Mt Paintbrush Castilleja elmeri Castilleja elmeri Wenatchee Mt Paintbrush Brittlebush Encelia farinosa Encelia farinosa Brittlebush leafed Daisy leafed Daisy - - Line Erigeron linearis Erigeron linearis Line Showy Daisy Erigeron speciosus Erigeron speciosus Showy Daisy leafed Buckwheat leafed Buckwheat - - Heart Eriogonum compositum Eriogonum compositum Heart Buckwheat Buckwheat ’ ’ Douglas Eriogonum douglasii Eriogonum douglasii Douglas Creamy Buckwheat Eriogonum heracleoides Eriogonum heracleoides Creamy Buckwheat Snow Buckwheat Eriogonum niveum Eriogonum niveum Snow Buckwheat headed Buckwheat headed Buckwheat - - Round Eriogonum sphaerocephalum Eriogonum sphaerocephalum Round leafed Buckwheat leafed Buckwheat - - Thyme Eriogonum thymoides Eriogonum thymoides Thyme Sulphur Buckwheat Eriogonum umbellatum Eriogonum umbellatum Sulphur Buckwheat Woolly Sunflower Eriophyllum lanatum Eriophyllum lanatum Woolly Sunflower Blanketflower Gaillardia aristata Gaillardia aristata Blanketflower Sticky Geranium Geranium viscosissimum Geranium viscosissimum Sticky Geranium Golden Aster Heterotheca villosa Heterotheca villosa Golden Aster leafed Alumroot leafed Alumroot - - Round Heuchera cylindrica Heuchera cylindrica Round sepaled Globemallow sepaled Globemallow - - Long Iliamna longisepala Iliamna longisepala Long Mountain Hollyhock Iliamna rivularis Iliamna rivularis Mountain Hollyhock Scarlet Gilia Ipomopsis aggregata Ipomopsis aggregata Scarlet Gilia Columbia Lewisia Lewisia columbiana Lewisia columbiana Columbia Lewisia Siskyou lewisia Lewisia cotyledon Lewisia cotyledon Siskyou lewisia Bitterroot Lewisia rediviva Lewisia rediviva Bitterroot s lewisia s lewisia ’ ’ Tweedy Lewisia tweedyii Lewisia tweedyii Tweedy Blue Flax Linum lewisii Linum lewisii Blue Flax Bigleaf Lupine Lupinus polyphyllus Lupinus polyphyllus Bigleaf Lupine Silky lupine sericeusLupinus sericeusLupinus Silky lupine Wyeth Lupine Lupinus wyethii Lupinus wyethii Wyeth Lupine Blazing Star Mentzelia laevicaulis Mentzelia laevicaulis Blazing Star clock clock ’ ’ Wild Four o Mirabilis multiflora Mirabilis multiflora Wild Four o Coyote Mint Monardella odoratissima Monardella odoratissima Coyote Mint Tufted Evening Primrose Oenothera caespitosa Oenothera caespitosa Tufted Evening Primrose Ozark Evening Primrose Oenothera macrocarpa Oenothera macrocarpa Ozark Evening Primrose Pale Evening Primrose Oenothera pallida Oenothera pallida Pale Evening Primrose Showy Evening Primrose Oenothera speciosa Oenothera speciosa Showy Evening Primrose Cardwells Penstemon Penstemon cardwelii Penstemon cardwelii Cardwells Penstemon s Penstemon s Penstemon ’ ’ Davidson Penstemon davidsonii Penstemon davidsonii Davidson Hot Rock Penstemon Penstemon deustus Penstemon deustus Hot Rock Penstemon Firecracker Penstemon Penstemon eatonii Penstemon eatonii Firecracker Penstemon Shrubby Penstemon Penstemon fruticosa Penstemon fruticosa Shrubby Penstemon Rock Penstemon Penstemon gairdneri Penstemon gairdneri Rock Penstemon Hairy Penstemon Penstemon hirsutus Penstemon hirsutus Hairy Penstemon s Penstemon s Penstemon ’ ’ Palmer Penstemon palmeri Penstemon palmeri Palmer Pineleaved Penstemon Penstemon pinifolius Penstemon pinifolius Pineleaved Penstemon flowered Penstemon flowered Penstemon - - Small Penstemon procerus Penstemon procerus Small Chelan Penstemon Penstemon pruinosus Penstemon pruinosus Chelan Penstemon leafed Penstemon leafed Penstemon - - Cut Penstemon richardsonii Penstemon richardsonii Cut Showy Penstemon Penstemon speciosus Penstemon speciosus Showy Penstemon Rocky Mountain Penstemon Penstemon strictus Penstemon strictus Rocky Mountain Penstemon Lovely Penstemon Penstemon venustus Penstemon venustus Lovely Penstemon s Penstemon s Penstemon ’ ’ Whipple Penstemon whippleanus Penstemon whippleanus Whipple Silky Phacelia Phacelia sericea Phacelia sericea Silky Phacelia Prairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera Ratibida columnifera Prairie Coneflower leafed Stonecrop leafed Stonecrop - - Lance Sedum lanceolatum Sedum lanceolatum Lance Orange Globemallow Sphaeralcea munroana Sphaeralcea munroana Orange Globemallow s Ears s Ears ’ ’ Mule Wyethia amplexicaulis Wyethia amplexicaulis Mule  PlantPlant listlist compiledcompiled byby TedTed AlwayAlway,, DerbyDerby CanyonCanyon Natives,Natives, PeshastinPeshastin,, WAWA  SomeSome photosphotos byby PaulPaul SlichterSlichter,, ThayneThayne TuasonTuason ,, TrondTrond SteenSteen andand CynthiaCynthia CalbickCalbick