Needles are short, flat, Leaves are scale-like, blunt and are arranged closely pressed to the in feathery flat spray stem in an overlapping (should feel soft). Nee- shingled arrangement dles are yellowish-green on top and are whitish Bark is grey to reddish with 2 fine stomata below brown and peels off in strips on mature trees You’ll know it’s a hem- lock if it looks as though it is drooping. Douglas Western Hemlock firs and Grand firs stand Western Red Cedar more upright and have Tsuga heterophylla Thuja plicata generally tougher-feeling TSUHET THUPLI needles

Leaves are 3-5 lobed and Opposite leaving struc- coarsely toothed ture

On young shoots, the Deeply 5 lobed leaves may be fully divid- ed into three parts rather Young bark is green and than simply lobed smooth

Twigs are a reddish grey Unlike Rocky Mountain color Maple, it is not toothed Rocky Mountain Maple Bigleaf Maple (even when young) Acer glabrum Acer macrophyllum ACEGLA ACEMAC

Needles are spirally ar- Needles are in bundles ranged around the whole of 5 branch Needles are blue-ish Needles are flat and green, slender and flex- yellowish-green (with 2 ible, and 5-10 cm long white bands of stoma- (much longer than the ta on underside), have other conifer species in pointed tips the reservoir)

Cones look as if it has little mouse tails peeking Douglas Fir out of it (3 bracts that Western White Pine Psuedotsuga menziesii extend beyond scales) Pinus monticola PSEMEN PINMON Flat needles, tips round- Leaves are lance shaped, ed and notched, dark tapering to a long tip, green when mature margins are finely (yellow/orange when toothed. Young leaves are distressed) densely hairy, but older leaves are not hairy and 2 distinct, light colored whitish underneath stomatal lines under- neath the needle Prominent kidney shaped stipules (wart like More sturdy and shiny glands near the leaf base) Grand Fir than hemlock and doug- Pacific Willow Abies grandis las fir Salix lucida Twigs are usually hairless ABIGRA SALLUC and brittle at the base

Leaves are blue-green More tolerant in dry to silver and very hairy spots on terraces than the when young Sitka Willow

With age, the leaves get Leaves are alternate, more smooth broad and widest above the middle Leaves are pointed or Leaves are dark green round at the tip with underside that is hairy, but not reflective like the Sitka

Bark is dark brown and Hooker’s Willow Scouler’s Willow gray and does not have Salix hookeriana Salix scoulerania lenticels SALHOO SALSCO

Alternate leaf pattern Leaves are more finely toothed than Alnus rubra Leaves are wider above and lack the rolled-under the middle (taper to edge that is characteristic the base). Upper side of Alnus rubra leaves of leaf is bright green and underside is velvety Leaves also feel less sub- with short hairs that are stantial/thinner pressed flat and are high- ly reflective of light Leaves are shiny and slightly sticky beneath Bark is dark brown and Sitka Willow gray and does not have Slide Alder Salix sitchensis lenticels Alnus viridis SALSIT ALNVIR Leaves are alternate, Bark is dark grey with broadly oval, and pointed white spots (lenticels) at the tip and base. Leaf margins are wavy and Hairless leaves, shiny irregularly toothed dark green above, under- side whitish with rusty Underside of leaf looks specks like the leaf’s edge is slightly rolled over No stipules

In summer, alder leaves Many black cottonwood may be sticky on the top leaves also have an en- Red Alder surface Black Cottonwood gorged yellow spots from Alnus rubra Populus balsamifera fungus. ALNRUB POPBAL

Opposite, oval leaves, Leaves are irregularly mostly sharp pointed lobed, generally are oval at the base with a pointed Many stems and opposite tip and finely toothed branches margins

Bright red stem Dark green leaves and paler underneath 5-7 parallel veins on leaf that converge at the tip Twigs and branches sometimes look like they have thorns, but these are the places where fruits/ Red Osier Dogwood Pacific Crab Apple flowers are produced Cornus sericea Malus fusca CORSER MALFUS

Branches grow from Oval shaped leaves in central root system alternate pattern, leath- ery and shiny above with Brighter green leaves whitish-green surface in an alternate pattern below that are not toothed, have cucumber smell Leaves do not have teeth when crushed except when young

Flowers in clusters, Young bark is soft yel- fruits are small and lowish beige and older hard, dark purple bark is dark brownish red Indian Plum Pacific Madrone (maroon) and looks as if Oemleria cerasiformis Arbutus menziesii it is peeling off OEMCER ARBMEN Reddish-purple bark on Opposite leaves younger stems Young twigs are green- Finely toothed leaves 1-3 ish and 4-angled in inches long, rounded at cross-section the tip Leaves are elliptical to Multi-stemmed broadly lance shaped, pointed at end, with Pair of glands at the base some hairs of the leaf Shiny black “twinber- Bitter Cherry Bark is a shiny red- Twinberry ries” cupped by purplish Prunus emarginata dish-brown with horizon- Lonicera involucrata bracts PRUEMA tal rows of lenticels/pores LONINV

Alternate leaves, oval Dark grey to reddish shaped and toothed bark above the middle

Leaves are alternate, thin, Dark green leaves and and round to oval shaped sometimes woolly-grey underneath Leaves tend to be toothed in the upper third/ top Young growth is a red- half dish-brown color Flowers are clustered and pink

Saskatoon Hardhack, Spiraea Amelanchier alnifolia Spiraea douglasii AMEALN SPIDOU

Alternate leaves, oval, Thick, leathery leaves 3-10 cm, finely toothed Leaves are oval but Smooth, reddish-pur- broadest at tip, saw- plish stalks and bark toothed margins

3 main veins from base Top end of leaf has 5-9 of leaf lobes

Alternate leaf structure

Redstem Ceanothus Black Hawthorn Thorned grey bark that is Ceanothus sanguineus Crataegus douglasii rough and scaley CEASAN CRADOU Stressed leaves can be Opposite leaves, wide red, yellow, or orange ovals colored Distinguishable by 3 Densely packed leaves, well-defined veins from alternate, dull green, leaf base underneath hairy, broadly egg shaped to triangular. Lobed or Short-stalked leaves coarsely toothed Flowers are aromatic Leaves have variation but when trees are large Ocean Spray retain unique general Mock Orange Holodiscus discolor shape of deep lobes Philadelphus lewisii HOLDIS PHILEW

Leaves alternate on the Leaves are alternate, branches leathery, thick, egg shaped, sharply and finely Lobes of leaves are toothed toothed and deeply veined Leaves are evergreen, 5-10 cm long Leaves are shiny green with hairs underneath Hairy branched stems

Brown, shredding bark Reddish-blue “berries” Pacific Ninebark Salal Physocarpus capitatus Gaultheria shallon PHYCAP GAUSHA

Pink-red flexible stalk Silver-gray bark Stems of the Leaves Shiny green leaves clus- wrap around the main tered near the end of stalk twigs, egg shaped to oblong Smells like minty pine- sol (can be made into a Veins indent the leaves, tea that tastes just like it making them wavy (feels smells) like a washboard) Leaves sometimes Cascara Sometimes reddish Yerba buena slightly shiny on top Rhamus purshiana young stalks Satureja douglasii RHAPUR SATDOU Opposite leaves that are Large prickles at the base incredibly variable in of each leaf shape: can be elliptical to oval with margins that are Alternate, compound, smooth to wavy-toothed toothed leaflets (5-7 leaves/leaflet) Erect, hairless branches Leaves have more or less Twigs are very fine rounded tips

Pink and white flowers, Common Snowberry white berries Nootka Rose Symphoricarpos albus Rosa nutkana SYMALB ROSNUT

Numerous soft, straight Trailing stem along prickles covering stems ground, sometimes white/ green/purple with curved Distinguishable from prickles Nootka rose by dense prickles on stem Leaves are alternate with 3 leaflets 3-7 cm long Alternate, compound, toothed leaflets (5-9 Leaflets are 3 lobed, dark leaves/leaflet) green and toothed

Flowers are white to pink, Baldhip Rose Trailing Blackberry fruits are black berries Rosa gymnocarpa Rubus ursinus ROSGYM RUBURS

Alternate leaves 3 (sometimes 5) egg shaped, crinkly, sharp- Trifoliate to 5-foliate toothed leaflets with shiny white undersides Leaflets toothed and covered with white hairs Erect, arching stems with below leaf a whitish hue, curved but flattened prickles Stout, recurved prickles Berries are dark purple/ White to pink flowers black raspberries

Himalayan Blackberry Blackcap Raspberry Rubus armeniacus Rubus leucodermis RUBARM RUBLEU 3 leaflets that are sharp- Erect, unarmed stems ly toothed (the two (young stems can have bottom leaflets look like glandular hairs) butterflies) Leaves are LARGE, soft, Erect, with scattered maple-leaf shaped, 3-7 prickles (does not have lobed, and fuzzy on both as defined thorns as sides Rubus ursinus or Rubus leucodermis) Red berries that resemble raspberries Thimbleberry Salmonberry Bark is golden brown and looks shredded Rubus parviflorus Form dense thickets Rubus spectabilis RUBPAR RUBSPE Berries are orange/red

Erect, unarmed, reddish brown bark

Young growth stem is finely hairy

Alternate, 5-lobed leaves

Blue/purple berry Leaves have toothed margins, Large thick spines with the upper side of the leaf at leaf nodes, hairy Distinguishable from the dark green and glossy (not thorns on stalk other gooseberries hairy) by its lack of spines/thorns Bristly, purple berries Red Flowering Currant Black Gooseberry Alternate leaves, most Ribes sanguineum Ribes lacustre with 5 deeply indented RIBSAN RIBLAC lobes

1-3 spines only where leaves are attached *** Smooth berries This guide was created in the summer of 2017 by Lydia Petroske and Olivia Won using Illustrator and Leaves are alternate and InDesign. The information and drawings included in somewhat maple shaped, this guide are based on their experience doing plant with a heart shaped base, transects in the Mills reservoir, supplemented with and toothed margins notes from Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast by Pojar and Mackinnon. Wild Gooseberry Ribes divaricatum RIBDIV