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Home , Acer glabrum, Arnica sororia, Artemisia ludoviciana, Betula occidentalis, Calamagrostis canadensis, Erigeron compositus

RECOMMENDED For Native Landscaping In

The species listed here were selected for their successful use in landscaping settings in the Missoula area. Consider the species found in your local environment as the best guide for what will work in your landscaping project.

© 2008 Montana Native Plant Society, Clark Fork Chapter

Grasses Ground Covers Blue Grama Bouteloua gracilis Avens, Mountain Dryas octopetala Bluegrass, Alpine Poa alpina Buckwheat, Sulfur Eriogonum umbellatum Bluegrass, Canby's Poa canbyi Bunchberry Cornus canadensis Bluegrass, Sandberg's Poa sandbergii Juniper, Creeping Juniperus horizontalis Brome, Mountain Bromus carinatus Kinnickinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Fescue, Festuca idahoensis Grape Mahonia (Berberis) repens Fescue, Rough Festuca scabrella Pipsissewa Chimaphila umbellata Hairgrass, Tufted Deschampsia caespitosa Smoke Geum triflorum Junegrass, Prairie Koeleria cristata Pussytoes, Rosy Antennaria microphylla Mannagrass, Northern Glyceria borealis Pussytoes, Umber Antennaria umbrinella Needle and Thread Stipa comata Sagewort, White ludoviciana Needlegrass, Green Stipa viridula Sedge, Carex geyerii Needlegrass, Achnatherum (stipa) richardsonii Strawberry, Wood's Fragaria virginiana Richardson's Twinflower Linnaea borealis Pinegrass rubescens Whortleberry, Grouse Vaccinium scoparium Reedgrass, Bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis Achnatherum (Oryzopsis) Ricegrass, Indian hymenoides Squirreltail, Bottlebrush Elymus elymoides (Sitanion hystrix)

Tickle Grass Agrostis scabra

Timothy, Mountain Phleum alpinum Pseudoroegneria (Agropyron) Wheatgrass, Bluebunch spicatum Wheatgrass, Slender Elymus trachycaulus Wildrye, Blue Elymus glaucus Wildrye, Elymus canadensis Wildrye, Leymus (Elymus) cinereus

Shrubs Willow, Bebb Salix bebbiana Alder, Mountain Alnus incana Willow, Geyer Salix geyeriana Ash, Cascade Mountain scopulina Willow, Peachleaf Salix amygdaloides Bitterbrush, Antelope Purshia tridentata Cherry, Bitter Prunus emarginata Cherry, Pin Prunus pensylvanica Aspen, Quaking Black Twinberry Lonicera involucrate , River Betula occidentalis Buckbrush, Snowbrush Ceanothus velutinus Cottonwood, Black Populus trichocarpa Buffaloberry, Russet canadensis Cottonwood, Lanceleaf Populus acuminata Buffaloberry, Silver Shepherdia argentea Cottonwood, Narrowleaf Populus angustifolia Chokecherry, Common Prunus virginiana Fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii Cinquefoil, Shrubby Potentilla fruticosa Hawthorn, Douglas douglasii

Currant, Golden Ribes aureum Juniper, Rocky Mountain Juniperus scopulorum Currant, Wax Ribes cereum Larch, Western Larix occidentalis Dogwood, Red-Osier Cornus stolonifera Pine, Limber Pinus flexilis Elderberry, Black Sambucus racemosa Pine, Lodgepole Elderberry, Blue Sambucus cerulea Pine, Ponderosa Grouse Whortleberry Vaccinium scoparium Pine, Whitebark Pinus albicaulis Hawthorn, River Crataegus douglasii Spruce, Engelmann Mahogany, Mountain Cercocarpus ledifolius , Rocky Mountain Acer glabrum Vines Mockorange, Lewis' lewisii Clematis, Rock Clematis columbiana Mountain Boxwood Pachystima myrsinites Honeysuckle, Western Lonicera ciliosa Trumpet Ninebark, Mallow malvaceus Ocean Spray discolor White Virgin's Bower Clematis ligusticifolia

Penstemon, Shrubby Penstemon fruticosus Rabbitbrush, Green Chysothamnus viscidiflorus Rabbitbrush, Rubber Chrysothamnus nauseosus Raspberry, Red Rubus idaeus , Woods Rosa woodsii Sagebrush, Mountain Big Serviceberry, Western Snowberry, Common Spiraea, Pink Spirea douglasii Spiraea, Rosy Spiraea densiflora (Subalpine) Spiraea, White Spiraea betulifolia Thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus

Willow, Sandbar Salix exigua

Wetland Arrow- Groundsel triangularis Blue-eyed Grass Sisrynchium montanum Bulrush, Hardstem Scirpus acutus Bulrush, Softstem Scirpus validus

Cottongrass, Russett Eriophorum chamissonis Dogwood, Red-Osier Cornus stolonifera Honeysuckle, Twinberry Lonicera involucrata , Rocky Mountain Iris missouriensis Mannagrass, Fowl Glyceria striata Mannagrass, Northern Glyceria borealis Monkeyflower, Yellow Mimulus guttatus Rush, Baltic Juncus balticus Rush, Juncus confusus Rush, Parry's Juncus parryi Rush, Slender Juncus tenuis Rush, Torrey's Juncus torreyi Rush, Tuberous Juncus nodosus

Sedge, Kellog's Carex lenticularis Sedge, Beaked Carex utriculata Sedge, Clustered Carex arcta Sedge, Cusick's Carex cusickii Sedge, Mertens' Carex mertensii Sedge, Carex nebrascensis Sedge, Sawbeak Carex stipata Sedge, Water Carex aquatilis Sedge, Wooly Carex lanuginosa Shooting Star, Jeffrey's Dodecatheon jeffreyi Spikerush, Common Eleocharis palustris Spikerush, Needle Eleocharis acicularis Yellow Violet glabella

Wildflowers Golden-pea Thermopsis montana Alumroot, Roundleaf Heuchera cylindrica Goldenrod Solidago missouriensis , Heartleaf Arnica cordifolia Groundsel, Silvery Senecio canus Arnica, Twin Arnica sororia Hairy Golden Aster Chrysopsis (Heterotheca) villosa Arrowleaf Balsamroot Balsamhoriza sagitatta Harebell,Common Campanula rotundiflora Aster, Showy Aster conspicuus Horsemint, Nettle-leafed Agastache urticifolia

Aster, Smooth Blue Aster laevis Iris, Rocky Mountain Iris missouriensis Ballhead Waterleaf Hydrophyllum capitatum Jacob’s Ladder, Showy Polemonium pulcherrimum Baneberry rubra Larkspur, Little Delphinium bicolor Beargrass Xerophyllum tenax Lomatium, Fern-leaf Lomatium dissectum Beebalm Monarda fistulosa Lupine, Silvery Lupine argenteus Beeplant, Rocky Meadowrue, Western Thalictrum occidentale Cleome serrulata Mountain Mint, Field Mentha arvensis Lewisia rediviva Monkeyflower, Lewis' Mimulus lewisii Blanketflower Gaillardia aristata Monkeyflower, Yellow Mimulus guttatus Bluebells, Leafy Mertensia oblongifolia Onion, Nodding Allium cernuum Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium montanum Oregon Sunshine Eriophyllum lanatum Bog Orchid, White Habenaria (Platanthera) dilatata Pasqueflower Anemone patens Brittle Prickly-Pear Opuntia fragilis Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea Buckwheat, Cushion Eriogonum ovalifolium Penstemon, Small- Penstemon procerus Buckwheat, Sulfur Eriogonum umbellatum flowered Buttercup, Sagebrush Ranunculus glabberimus Penstemon, Albert’s Penstemon albertinus Clarkia Clarkia pulchella Penstemon, Fuzzytongue Penstemon eriantherus Coneflower, Prairie Ratibida columnifera Penstemon, Lyall's Penstemon lyallii Daisy, Cutleaf compositus Penstemon, Wilcox’s Penstemon wilcoxii Dogbane, Spreading Apocynum androsaemifolium Phacelia, Franklin’s Phacelia franklinii Douglasia, Rocky Phacelia, Narrowleaved Phacelia linearis Douglasia montana Mountain Phlox, Kelsey's Phlox kelseyi Evening Primrose, Tufted Oenethera caespitosa Pussytoes, Rosy Antennaria microphylla Evening Primrose, Yellow Oenothera flava White Sagewort Artemisia ludoviciana Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium Sandwort, Mountain Arenaria capillaris Flax, Blue Linum lewisii Scarlet Gilia Ipomopsis (Gilia) aggregata Fleabane, Shaggy Erigeron pumilus Scarlet Globemallow Sphaeralcea coccinea Fleabane, Showy Erigeron speciosus Shooting Star Dodecatheon sp. Fleabane, Spreading Erigeron divergens Stonecrop, Lance-leaved Sedum lanceolatum Fringecup Mitella stauropetala Sweet Cecily, Western Osmorhiza occidentalis Fringed Sagewort Artemisia frigida Violet, Western Viola adunca Gentian, Explorer's Gentiana calycosa Violet, Yellow Viola glabella Geranium, Sticky Geranium viscosissimum Yarrow Achillea millefolium GRASSES Comments Sun Height Height Season Soil Type

Common Name Scientific Name Bunch/Sod Soil Moisture

drought greens up late; great for summer lawns & erosion Blue Grama Bouteloua gracilis sod former 12 in sandy - clay Warm Full Sun tolerant control; known as "eyebrow" grass 18-20 loam with short grass with 12" purplish seedhead; high Bluegrass, Alpine Poa alpina dry Full Sun Bunchgrass in humus Cool elevation restoration species not Bluegrass, Canby's Poa canbyi 2 ft dry Full Sun fills spaces between taller grasses Bunchgrass particular Cool sandy - drought needs well-drained spot; fills spaces between taller Bluegrass, Sandberg's Poa sandbergii 1 ft Full Sun Bunchgrass loam tolerant Cool grasses Brome, Mountain Bromus carinatus Bunchgrass 3 ft loam moist Cool Full Sun tall grass; good for high elevations blue-green foliage - blue color deepens with Fescue, Idaho Festuca idahoensis 1-2 ft sandy - clay dry Full Sun Bunchgrass Cool drought sandy - Fescue, Rough Festuca scabrella 2-3 ft dry Full Sun forms large draping bunches Bunchgrass loam Cool good in irrigated areas; bronze colored ornamental Hairgrass, Tufted Deschampsia caespitosa 3 ft loam - clay moist to wet Full Sun Bunchgrass Cool seedhead 10-18 sandy - dry; drought early to green up in spring; ornamental; prefers Junegrass, Prairie Koeleria cristata Full Sun Bunchgrass in loam tolerant Cool disturbed sites Mannagrass, Northern Glyceria borealis sod former 4-5 ft sandy - clay moist to wet Cool Full Sun grows in shallow water sandy - drought seeds are troublesome to animals and get stuck in Needle and Thread Stipa comata 3-4 ft Full Sun Bunchgrass loam tolerant Cool socks dry; mod. works well in well-drained irrigated gardens; good Needlegrass, Green Stipa viridula 3 ft loam - clay drought Full Sun for range seeding and revegetation Bunchgrass tolerant Cool dry; mod. Needlegrass, sandy - Achnatherum (stipa) richardsonii 2-3 ft drought Full Sun drooping seed heads Richardson's loam Bunchgrass tolerant Cool 18-24 sandy - PS - beautiful lime green color; found under ; Pinegrass sod former dry to moist in loam Cool Shade produces seed when disturbed tall grass; slightly purple seedheads; good for Reedgrass, Bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis sod former 4-5 ft loam - clay dry to moist Full Sun Cool irrigated gardens drought delicate ornamental seedheads; and wildlife Ricegrass, Indian Achnatherum (Oryzopsis) hymenoides 2-3 ft sandy Warm Full Sun Bunchgrass tolerant like seeds bushy seedhead; established easily on disturbed Squirreltail, Bottlebrush Elymus elymoides (Sitanion hystrix) 18 in sandy - clay dry Full Sun Bunchgrass Cool sites delicate, hairlike blooms; established easily on Tickle Grass Agrostis scabra 18 in sandy - clay moist Full Sun Bunchgrass Cool disturbed sites 12-16 not shorter than cultivated timothy; cylindrical Timothy, Mountain Phleum alpinum dry to moist Full Sun Bunchgrass in particular Cool seedhead; good for irrigated gardens Montana State Grass; blue-green, hardy, nice Pseudoroegneria (Agropyron) drought Sun - Wheatgrass, Bluebunch 2-3 ft loam-clay ornamental spicatum tolerant PS Bunchgrass Cool GRASSES p. 2 Comments Sun Height Height Season Soil Type

Common Name Scientific Name Bunch/Sod Soil Moisture

dry to moist, Wheatgrass, Slender Elymus trachycaulus 2-3 ft loam - clay mod. drought Full Sun short-lived but important in mixes; quick to establish Bunchgrass tolerant Cool sandy - PS - Wildrye, Blue Elymus glaucus 3 ft moist blue-green foliage; good erosion control Bunchgrass loam Cool Shade sandy - Wildrye, Canada Elymus canadensis 3 ft dry to moist Full Sun short-lived ornamental; good quick cover Bunchgrass loam Cool Winter moist, summer dry, erosion control; ornamental; wildlife cover and Wildrye, Great Basin Leymus (Elymus) cinereus Bunchgrass 4-7 ft loam - clay Cool Full Sun drought browse tolerant Note: height includes seed head

GROUND COVERS Comments Sun Height Height Annual, Annual, Biennial Soil Type Perennial, Bloom Time Time Bloom Color Flower Color

Common Name Scientific Name Soil Moisture

dry to sandy, mod. PS-full mat forming; deep green waxy Avens, Mountain Dryas octopetala 6-8 in yellow rocky moist sun perennial May-July foliage 2-12 yellow sandy-loam dry full sun perennial June-July mat forming; semi-evergreen foliage Buckwheat, Sulfur Eriogonum umbellatum in Bunchberry Cornus canadensis 4-8 in white organic Moist Shade perennial June-Aug coral red berries 6-12 sandy, Juniper, Creeping Juniperus horizontalis in na rocky dry full sun perennial na blue-green berries dry to mod. PS-full Kinnickinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 2-6 in white/pink loam-clay moist sun perennial May-June evergreen; bright red berries dry to 8-12 mod. PS- Oregon Grape Mahonia (Berberis) repens in yellow loam-clay moist shade perennial May-June edible (bitter) grape-like berries dry to 4-12 mod. Pipsissewa Chimaphila umbellata in pink loam moist shade perennial June-Aug evergreen dry to also called "Old Man's Whiskers", 4-14 mod. wispy seed heads Prairie Smoke Geum triflorum in pink sandy-clay moist PS-sun perennial May-July dry to 4-14 mod. PS-full Pussytoes, Rosy Antennaria microphylla in rose pink sandy-loam moist sun perennial May-June mat forming; semi-evergreen foliage PS-full Pussytoes, Umber Antennaria umbrinella 3-6 in white/brown sandy-loam dry sun perennial July mat forming; semi-evergreen foliage dry to 12-16 mod. PS-full August- mat forming; weed resistant; Sagewort, White Artemisia ludoviciana in yellow sandy-clay moist sun perennial September aromatic 6-18 PS- Sedge, Elk Carex geyerii in brown/yellow loam-clay dry shade perennial May-June evergreen dry to mod. PS-full small delicious ; spreads quickly Strawberry, Wood's Fragaria virginiana 2-6 in white sandy-loam moist sun perennial May-July by stolons PS- Twinflower Linnaea borealis 4-6 in pink organic moist-wet shade perennial June-July vine-like; grows under trees 8-12 PS-full red foliage in fall; grows under conifer Whortleberry, Grouse Vaccinium scoparium in pink sandy-loam moist sun perennial June-July trees; acidic soils ok

SHRUBS

Comments Sun Fruit

Common Name Scientific Name Height Soil Type Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Soil Moisture

April- small brown PS-full loam-clay moist inconspicuous grey ; likes water; forms thickets Alder, Mountain Alnus incana 10-13 ft sun May cones scarlet- PS-full May- 15-20 ft loam moist white clusters of fruit attracts birds; prefers high Ash, Cascade Mountain Sorbus scopulina sun June berries elevations sandy- June- Bitterbrush, Antelope Purshia tridentata 4-6 ft full sun dry yellow inconspicuous useful for erosion control; can be loam July aggressive; attracts bees 12-16 PS-full dry to May- very bitter black Red-purple twigs; fragrant ; forms sandy white Cherry, Bitter Prunus emarginata ft+ sun moist June berries thickets shiny bright red sandy- dry to May- Only flesh of berries is edible - no other 3-15 ft full sun white berries in Cherry, Pin Prunus pensylvanica loam moist June part; good for jellies clusters PS-full sandy- May- inedible black riparian; also called Bracted 3-5 ft moist yellow Black Twinberry Lonicera involucrate sun loam July berries Honeysuckle dry to June- 2-5 ft full sun loam moderately white inconspicuous Buckbrush, Snowbrush Ceanothus velutinus July Evergreen; high elevation; glossy green dry leaves moderately yellow to red PS-full sandy- May- rusty dots on leaves; dioecious; berries 5-6 ft dry to yellow berries (female Buffaloberry, Russet sun loam June attract birds moist plant) sandy- moderately May- red edible dioecious: good for poor soils; forms 8-10 ft full sun yellow Buffaloberry, Silver Shepherdia argentea clay dry June berries clumps - good for windbreaks; moderately PS-full sandy- May- dark red to black Forms clumps; edible berries - good for 12-15 ft dry to creamy white Chokecherry, Common Prunus virginiana sun clay June berries jelly; drought tolerant; attracts birds moist dry to PS-full sandy- June- 3 ft moderately yellow inconspicuous nice summer color; good for borders Cinquefoil, Shrubby Potentilla fruticosa sun clay July dry moderately PS-full sandy- May- yellow to red 5-6 ft dry to yellow edible berries; hummingbirds; browse; Currant, Golden Ribes aureum sun clay June berries moist PS-full rocky or moderately May- 3-5 ft white-pink red berries attracts birds; good for hedges Currant, Wax Ribes cereum sun sandy dry July moderately PS-full June- red-purple twigs; red-purple leaves in 8-10 ft loam-clay dry to white white berries Dogwood, Red-Osier Cornus stolonifera sun July fall; forms clumps; birds eat berries moist PS-full June- berries edible if cooked; attracts bees, 6-8 ft organic moist white black clusters Elderberry, Black Sambucus racemosa sun July birds and bears SHRUBS p. 2 Comments Sun Fruit Height Height

Common Name Scientific Name Soil Type Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Soil Moisture

full sandy- June- silvery-blue berries edible if cooked; attracts bees, 10-12 ft shade- moist white Elderberry, Blue Sambucus cerulea clay July clusters birds and bears full sun full good for acidic soils; forms lacy 11-12 sandy- June- bright red shade - moist pink groundcover under conifers; attracts Grouse Whortleberry Vaccinium scoparium in loam July berries PS birds (grouse) and small mammals

PS-full sandy- June- edible berries attract birds; beautiful red 6-12 ft moist white black berries Hawthorn, River Crataegus douglasii sun loam July color in fall; forms thickets; large thorns

dry to PS-full sandy- June- long, twisted, browse; high elevations; good for 6-20 ft moderately inconspicuous Mahogany, Mountain Cercocarpus ledifolius sun loam July bristly achene rock gardens dry moderately new twigs are red-purple, older wood is PS-full sandy- May- winged seed 8-25 ft dry to white grey; yellow fall foliage; browse for elk Maple, Rocky Mountain Acer glabrum sun loam June pods moist and moose dry to large fragrant flowers; ornamental; birds PS-full sandy- May- 6-8 ft moderately white inconspicuous attracted to seeds' also known as Mockorange, Lewis' Philadelphus lewisii sun loam June dry 'Syringa' moderately evergreen; high elevation; small glossy PS-full sandy- May- 8-20 in dry to dark red inconspicuous green leaves used in floral Mountain Boxwood Pachystima myrsinites sun loam August moist arrangements dry to PS-full sandy- June- forms thickets; brown shredding bark; 3-6 ft moderately white inconspicuous Ninebark, Mallow sun clay July orange to red foliage in fall dry moderately PS-full sandy- June- large plumes of fragrant flowers; 4-10 ft dry to white inconspicuous Ocean Spray sun loam August ornamental; birds attracted to seeds moist sandy- dry to PS-full well- July- attracts hummingbirds and bees; good 6-24 in moderately blue-lavender inconspicuous Penstemon, Shrubby Penstemon fruticosus sun drained August for borders and dry sites dry loam Chysothamnus sandy- August- tufted seed good in disturbed areas; attracts Rabbitbrush, Green 2-5 ft full sun dry yellow viscidiflorus clay October heads butterflies Chrysothamnus sandy- August- tufted seed good in disturbed areas; attracts Rabbitbrush, Rubber 2-3 ft full sun dry yellow nauseosus clay October heads butterflies; silvery-grey thin leaves

edible berries; similar to cultivated PS-full sandy- moderately June- 3-6 ft white red berries raspberries - 2nd year canes produce Raspberry, Red Rubus idaeus sun clay moist July fruit; spreads; thorns SHRUBS p. 3 Comments Sun Fruit Height Height

Common Name Scientific Name Soil Type Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Soil Moisture

PS-full sandy- June- naturalizes quickly, especially with 2-7 ft moist pink red rose hips Rose, Woods Rosa woodsii sun loam July water; attracts birds and bees dry to Sagebrush, Mountain sandy- July- greyish leaves; aromatic; deer and cattle 3-6 ft full sun moderately yellow inconspicuous Artemisia tridentata clay October resistant; Big dry moderately PS-full sandy- April- purple-black edible berries; attracts birds; forms 8-12 ft dry to white Serviceberry, Western Amelanchier alnifolia sun loam July berries thickets; preferred browse for animals moist full unpalatable berries persist through sandy- dry to June- 2-4 ft shade- pink-white white berries winter; spreads via ; can be Snowberry, Common Symphoricarpos albus clay moist August PS aggressive; drought tolerant PS-full 3-6 ft loam moist rose-red August inconspicuous conical flower heads Spiraea, Pink Spirea douglasii sun Spiraea, Rosy partial rocky or July- Spiraea densiflora 1-3 ft moist pink-red inconspicuous common in stony forests (Subalpine) sun sandy August PS-full July- easily grown but spreads quickly via 2-3 ft loam moist white inconspicuous Spiraea, White Spiraea betulifolia sun August rhizomes; flat-topped clusters of flowers full sandy- dry to May- berries similar to raspberries though less 4-6 ft shade- white red berries Thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus loam moist July flavorful; large leaves; browse; birds PS PS-full sandy- moist to May- slender, erect gray stems with reddish 12-15 ft inconspicuous inconspicuous Willow, Sandbar Salix exigua sun loam wet June branches; linear leaves full moist to May- 13 ft shade- sandy inconspicuous inconspicuous good for erosion control; deer browse Willow, Bebb Salix bebbiana wet June PS PS-full moist to May- yellow-green twigs; lance shaped 13 ft sandy inconspicuous inconspicuous Willow, Geyer Salix geyeriana sun wet June leaves; clumps and branches moist to 10-16 ft full sun loam-clay yellow June inconspicuous yellow twigs Willow, Peachleaf Salix amygdaloides wet

TREES

Comments Sun

Common Name Scientific Name Height Soil Type Soil Moisture

not moderately dry forms groves; shallow roots; yellow fall 6-98 ft sun-PS Aspen, Quaking Populus tremuloides particular to moist foliage Shiny cinnamon bark; prune suckers to 20-25 ft full fun sandy-loam moist Birch, River Betula occidentalis form multi stem fast growing; common in higher 150 ft full fun sandy-loam moist Cottonwood, Black Populus trichocarpa elevations Cottonwood, Lanceleaf Populus acuminata 65 ft full fun sandy-clay moist yellow foliage in fall; fast growing Common on stream sides at lower 60-90 ft full fun loam moist Cottonwood, Narrowleaf Populus angustifolia elevations moderately dry fast growing; common in higher 165 ft full fun-PS sandy-loam Fir, Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii to moist elevations white flowers; purple berries; red-orange moderately dry 12-14 ft full sun-PS loam-clay fall color; large thorns; good habitat for to moist Hawthorn, Douglas Crataegus douglasii birds and small mammals moderately dry drought tolerant; wind break; good for 15-19 ft full sun-PS sandy-clay Juniper, Rocky Mountain Juniperus scopulorum to dry browse and birds moderately dry prefers cool north aspect; needles turn 164 ft PS-full sun loam-clay Larch, Western Larix occidentalis to moist yellow before falling; long lived moderately dry 50-60 ft full sun-PS sandy-clay unique form; drought tolerant Pine, Limber Pinus flexilis to dry prefers cool temps and well-drained soil; moderately dry 60-70 ft full sun sandy-loam found at higher elevations; slender, to dry Pine, Lodgepole Pinus contorta straight moderately dry Montana state tree; drought and wind 120-160 ft full sun sandy-clay Pine, Ponderosa Pinus ponderosa to dry tolerant; attracts and birds found in higher elevations; seeds are moderately dry 60-65 ft full sun sandy-clay food source for Clark's Nutcrackers and to dry Pine, Whitebark Pinus albicaulis small mammals found in higher elevations; good for wind 60-65 ft full sun-PS loam moderately dry Spruce, Engelmann Picea engelmannii breaks and birds

VINES

Comments Sun

Common Name Scientific Name Height Soil Type Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Soil Moisture

dry to Clematis blue- full shade- June- 6 ft loam moderately fluffy seed heads; climbs trees Clematis, Rock purple PS August columbiana dry dry to Honeysuckle, orange- full shade- red berries in dense clusters; twining, woody vine; 9-18 ft loam moderately June-July Lonicera ciliosa yellow PS attracts hummingbirds and butterflies Western Trumpet dry White Virgin's Clematis dry to June- Fluffy seed heads; good on fences; climbs trees; 9-18 ft white loam PS-full sun Bower ligusticifolia moist August can be aggressive

Note: All vines above need support to climb

WETLANDS

Comments Sun

Common Name Scientific Name Height Clumps Soil Type Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Bunch, Sod or Bunch, Wetland Type* Type* Wetland full loam- sun- facultative June- grows into large clumps; 1-5 ft yellow clumps Arrow-leaf Groundsel Senecio triangularis organic partial wetland August rhizomatous; shade Sisrynchium 3-20 full facultative iris-like leaves; long-blooming with Blue-eyed Grass blue loam-clay na April-July montanum in sun wetland water full provides habitat for waterfowl; dark sun- June- 3-9 ft loam-clay obligate sod prefers poorly drained soils; robust Bulrush, Hardstem Scirpus acutus brown partial August once established shade full provides habitat for waterfowl; sun- 3-9 ft red loam-clay obligate sod June-July tolerant of saline conditions; prefers Bulrush, Softstem Scirpus validus partial poorly drained soils shade found in bogs and marshes; flowers Eriophorum 8-20 white- full June- loam obligate sod are fluffy, white tufts resembling Cottongrass, Russett in brown sun August chamissonis cotton full 8-10 sun- facultative red-purple twigs; red-purple leaves in white loam-clay clumps June-July Dogwood, Red-Osier Cornus stolonifera ft partial wetland fall; forms clumps; birds eat berries shade full riparian; also called Bracted Honeysuckle, sandy- sun- facultative 3-5 ft yellow na May-July Honeysuckle or Black Twinberry; Lonicera involucrata loam partial wetland Twinberry spreads easily shade full pale blue 8-20 sun- facultative to deep loam-clay clumps May-July forms clumps via rhizomes Iris, Rocky Mountain Iris missouriensis in partial wetland blue shade full greenish- sun- fine foliage; spreads via rhizomes 1-3 ft purple loam-clay obligate sod May-June Mannagrass, Fowl Glyceria striata partial and sometimes forms tussocks brown shade full Mannagrass, sandy- sun- Glyceria borealis 2-4 ft green obligate sod July-August Northern clay partial shade *Wetland Types: Obligate - Plant always occurring in wet to saturated soil Facultative Wetland - Plant usually occurring in wet but probably not saturated soil Facultative - Plant often found in wet soil, but found in uplands as well, probably never in saturated soils

WETLANDS p. 2

Comments Sun

Common Name Scientific Name Height Clumps Soil Type Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Bunch, Sod or Bunch, Wetland Type* Type* Wetland

full sun- bright yellow, snapdragon-like flower; 4-20 sandy- April- yellow partial obligate na annual but reseeds freely; will spread Monkey flower, Yellow Mimulus guttatus in clay August shade quickly greenish- 8-30 sandy- June- saline or alkaline areas; easy to purple full sun obligate sod Rush, Baltic Juncus balticus in clay August grow; competitive brown full sun- 6-15 sandy- July- brown partial facultative bunch easy to grow Rush, Colorado Juncus confusus in clay September shade sandy- full sun- 4-12 June- brown coarse partial facultative bunch Rush, Parry's Juncus parryi in August soils shade 12-18 partial June- brown loam-clay facultative sod easy to grow Rush, Slender Juncus tenuis in shade August ornamental seed heads and red 6-14 light partial facultative- loam-clay sod July-August stems; iris-like leaves; rapid growth Rush, Torrey's Juncus torreyi in brown shade wetland via rhizomes 12-24 sandy- green full sun obligate sod May-June Rush, Tuberous Juncus nodosus in clay 6-30 facultative June- green loam full sun bunch Sedge, Kellogg's Carex lenticularis in wetland August yellowish June- Good bank stabilizer; attracts 2-4 ft loam-clay full sun obligate sod Sedge, Beaked Carex utriculata green September waterfowl 12-18 loam- partial June- brown obligate bunch Found in wet forests Sedge, Clustered Carex arcta in organic shade September 12-30 June- found on shorelines, wet meadows brown organic full sun obligate bunch Sedge, Cusick's Carex cusickii in September and ditches full sun- 14-36 green- loam- June- partial facultative bunch one of our most attractive sedges Sedge, Mertens' Carex mertensii in brown organic September shade green- June- wide blue-green foliage; seed are a 1-3 ft loam-clay full sun obligate sod Sedge, Nebraska Carex nebrascensis brown September food source for waterfowl *Wetland Types: Obligate - Plant always occurring in wet to saturated soil Facultative Wetland - Plant usually occurring in wet but probably not saturated soil Facultative - Plant often found in wet soil, but found in uplands as well, probably never in saturated soils

WETLANDS p. 3

Comments Sun

Common Name Scientific Name Height Clumps Soil Type Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Bunch, Sod or Bunch, Wetland Type* Type* Wetland

green- Partial June- Sedge, Sawbeak Carex stipata 1-2 ft loam-clay obligate bunch brown shade September light June- Good bank stabilizer; easy to grow; 1-3 ft loam full sun obligate bunch Sedge, Water Carex aquatilis green August attracts waterfowl June- 1-3 ft purplish loam-clay full sun obligate sod also known as Carex pellita Sedge, Wooly Carex lanuginosa September 6-14 loam- partial facultative- grows easily from seed in rich, most, magenta na May-August Shooting Star, Jeffrey's Dodecatheon jeffreyi in organic shade wetland partly shaded areas; perennial graceful, slender plant that forms a 4 -15 sandy- May- carpet via rhizomes; tolerant of many brown full sun obligate sod Spikerush, Common Eleocharis palustris in clay September soil types; also called Creeping Sedge sandy- June- 1-3 in brown full sun obligate bunch small rush, good for edge of ponds Spikerush, Needle Eleocharis acicularis clay August 4-10 loam- partial facultative perennial with heart shaped edible yellow na May-August Yellow Violet Viola glabella in organic shade wetland leaves *Wetland Types: Obligate - Plant always occurring in wet to saturated soil Facultative Wetland - Plant usually occurring in wet but probably not saturated soil Facultative - Plant often found in wet soil, but found in uplands as well, probably never in saturated soils

WILDFLOWERS

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Common Name Scientific Name Height Soil Type Perennial, Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Soil Moisture Annual, Biennial Annual, white- sandy- dry to mod. PS-full likes dry shade; long stemmed Alumroot, Roundleaf Heuchera cylindrica 16-18 in perennial May-July yellow loam moist sun flowers; somewhat deer resistant grows under conifers; daisy like Arnica, Heartleaf Arnica cordifolia yellow 12-14 in loam dry to moist perennial shade June-July flowers sandy- dry to mod. PS-full creates loose mats; responds well to Arnica, Twin Arnica sororia yellow 8-24 in perennial June-July clay moist sun cultivation; yellow daisy-like flowers may take 5 years to bloom; goes sandy- vernally Arrowleaf Balsamroot Balsamhoriza sagitatta yellow 1-3 feet perennial full sun May-June dormant with summer heat; prefers loam moist spring moisture, then dry dry to mod. creeping rhizomes; rarely blooms in Aster, Showy Aster conspicuus violet-blue 1-2 ft loam perennial PS July-Aug moist full shade dry to mod. attracts butterflies; leggy if too much Aster, Smooth Blue Aster laevis purple 3 ft loam perennial full sun July-Sept moist moisture prefers spring moisture, then dry; ball sandy- vernally Ballhead Waterleaf Hydrophyllum capitatum lavender 4-10 in perennial PS-shade May-July shaped flowers hide underneath clay moist attractive foliage clusters of red or white berries; found Baneberry white 2-3 ft loam moist perennial PS-shade May-July in understory leaves form large tussocks; prefers sandy- vernally Beargrass Xerophyllum tenax white 3-5 ft perennial full sun June-Aug high elevations and well-drained loam moist spots sandy- dry to mod. PS-full aromatic, attracts bees and Beebalm Monarda fistulosa pink 18-24 in perennial June-July loam moist sun butterflies sand- self seeds from pods; flower attracts Beeplant, Rocky Mountain Cleome serrulata pink-purple 3-4 ft dry annual full sun July-Aug loam pollinators Montana state flower; leaves wither Bitterroot Lewisia rediviva pink 3 in rocky soil dry perennial full sun June before it flowers sand- attracts butterflies; long blooming; Blanketflower Gaillardia aristata yellow-red 2 ft dry to moist perennial full sun June-Aug loam can be short lived rocky vernally PS-full drooping clusters of tubular flowers, Bluebells, Leafy Mertensia oblongifolia blue 7-12 in perennial June-July soils moist sun leaves tulip-like dry to mod. forms small clumps with flat, iris like Blue-eyed Grass Sisyrinchium montanum blue-purple 4-10 in loam perennial full sun June-July moist leaves Habenaria (Platanthera) PS-full Bog Orchid, White white 1-3 ft loam wet perennial June-Aug fragrant spike of orchid flowers dilatata sun sandy- long spines and short bristles; showy Brittle Prickly-Pear Opuntia fragilis yellow 6-12 in dry perennial full sun June-July rocky blooms; great for rock gardens WILDFLOWERS p. 2

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Common Name Scientific Name Height Soil Type Perennial, Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Soil Moisture Annual, Biennial Annual,

great rock garden plant; white or white- sandy- Buckwheat, Cushion Eriogonum ovalifolium 2-6 in dry perennial full sun July-Aug yellow ball shaped flowers turn yellow rocky burgundy as they age sandy- Buckwheat, Sulfur Eriogonum umbellatum yellow 6-12 in dry perennial full sun June-July mat forming; semi-evergreen foliage loam vernally PS-full March- Buttercup, Sagebrush Ranunculus glabberimus yellow 1-4 in loam perennial one of earliest wildflowers moist sun April sandy- sow seed in fall; self-seeds; long Clarkia Clarkia pulchella fuchsia 8-20 in dry annual full sun June-Aug loam blooming under cultivation Coneflower, Prairie Ratibida columnifera yellow 2 ft sandy dry to moist perennial full sun June-Aug short lived but self seeds Daisy, Cutleaf white 3-8 in sandy dry perennial full sun June-July self-seeds; delicate daisy-like flower well- spreads easily via rhizomes; good drained PS-full Dogbane, Spreading Apocynum androsaemifolium white-pink 8-20 in dry perennial July-Aug erosion control; produces 3-4 in long rocky sun seed pods loam Douglasia, Rocky sandy- forms small clusters - great for rock Douglasia montana pink 1-3 in dry perennial full sun May-June Mountain rocky gardens large fragrant flower; spreads; sandy- Evening Primrose, Tufted Oenethera caespitosa white 6 in dry perennial full sun June-July blooms at night; does not compete loam well spreads easily; attracts night sandy- Evening Primrose, Yellow Oenothera flava yellow 6 in dry to moist perennial full sun July-Aug pollinators; basal rosette of leaves loam with seed pods under leaves spreads easily via rhizomes and dry to mod. Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium pink 4-8 ft loam perennial full sun July-Aug seeds; flourishes with water; young moist shoots are edible; follows fire sandy- self-seeds; short-lived; will reflower if Flax, Blue Linum lewisii blue 18-24 in dry to moist perennial full sun June-Aug clay cut back; long blooming in cultivation occasionally white or pink; good in sandy- Fleabane, Shaggy Erigeron pumilus lavender 10-20 in dry perennial full sun June-July rock gardens each produces clay 50-100 flowers sandy- purple daisy-like flower; good cut Fleabane, Showy Erigeron speciosus lavender 10-30 in dry to moist perennial full sun July-Sept loam flower; deer resistant spreads out to about 2 feet around; Fleabane, Spreading Erigeron divergens purple 8-12 in sandy dry to moist perennial full sun July-Sept colors vary; covered with flowers; self-seeds Fringecup Mitella stauropetala pink 10-18 in loam dry to moist perennial PS May-July attractive clumping foliage sandy- mat-forming; silvery foliage; deer Fringed Sagewort Artemisia frigida yellow 4-12 in dry perennial full sun July-Aug clay resistant WILDFLOWERS p. 3

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Common Name Scientific Name Height Soil Type Perennial, Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Soil Moisture Annual, Biennial Annual, wonderful color; cluster of stems with Gentian, Explorer's Gentiana calycosa deep blue 6-12 in loam moist-wet perennial full sun July-Aug individual flowers sandy- dry to mod PS-full long blooming in cultivation; colorful Geranium, Sticky Geranium viscosissimum pink-purple 1-3 ft perennial July-Aug loam moist sun fall foliage

sandy- vernally yellow pea-like flowers; distasteful to Golden-pea Thermopsis montana yellow 1-3 ft perennial full sun June-July loam moist animals; spreads not dry to mod spreads via rhizomes and seeds; can Goldenrod Solidago missouriensis yellow 12-30 in perennial full sun Aug-Sept particular moist be invasive Groundsel, Silvery Senecio canus yellow 4-12 in rocky dry perennial full sun June-Aug silvery-gray foliage in basal cluster Chrysopsis (Heterotheca) sandy- vernally forms a nice mound of flowers; Hairy Golden Aster yellow 6-20 in perennial full sun July-Aug villosa clay moist reseeds easily not delicate bell shaped flower; good Harebell,Common Campanula rotundifolia purple 8-12 in dry perennial full sun May-Aug particular filler among taller plants sandy- may need staking; reseeds easily; Horsemint, Nettle-leafed Agastache urticifolia pink-purple 1-5 ft moist perennial full sun June-Aug loam used medicinally vernally PS-full sword shaped leaves; attracts birds Iris, Rocky Mountain Iris missouriensis blue-white 8-24 in loam perennial July-Aug moist sun and bees dry to mod PS-full will flop if soil too rich; may be short- Jacob’s Ladder, Showy Polemonium pulcherrimum lavender 10-18 in loam perennial June-July moist sun lived; self seeds sandy- dry to mod PS-full goes dormant in summer; attracts Larkspur, Little Delphinium bicolor violet-blue 6-12 in perennial May-July loam moist sun hummingbirds; poisonous to livestock dry to mod Lomatium, Fern-leaf Lomatium dissectum yellow 1-5 ft rocky perennial full sun May-June large fern-like leaves moist sandy- PS-full best direct seeded; scarify seed coat Lupine, Silvery Lupine argenteus purple 18 in dry perennial May-June loam sun and use innoculant purple- male and female rhizomatous plants; Meadowrue, Western Thalictrum occidentale 1-3 ft loam moist perennial PS-shade June-Aug brown vigorous in cultivation fragrant edible herb for wet areas; Mint, Field Mentha arvensis pink-purple 1-2 ft loam moist perennial full sun June-July attracts bees PS-full long lived and blooming; needs Monkey Flower, Lewis' Mimulus lewisii fuchsia 10-24 in loam moist perennial June-July sun constant moisture PS-full reseeds freely; attracts Monkey Flower, Yellow Mimulus guttatus yellow 2 in - 3 ft organic moist annual June-July sun hummingbirds; great riparian flower pink- sandy- dry to mod PS-full edible ornamental; clumps will slowly Onion, Nodding Allium cernuum 10-24 in perennial June-July lavender loam moist sun increase sandy- dry to mod forms large clumps; reflowers after Oregon Sunshine Eriophyllum lanatum yellow 4-24 in perennial full sun May-Aug loam moist pruning; 1" ray flowers WILDFLOWERS p. 4

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Common Name Scientific Name Height Soil Type Perennial, Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Soil Moisture Annual, Biennial Annual, also known as wild crocus; bloom sandy- dry to mod Pasqueflower Anemone patens purple 2-10 in perennial PS May-June before foliage; one of the earliest loam moist wildflowers not dry to mod nice in dried flower arrangements; Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea white 7-27 in perennial full sun June-Aug particular moist male and female plants Penstemon, Small- sandy- great for rock gardens; reseeds Penstemon procerus blue 12-16 in dry perennial full sun May-Aug flowered loam easily sandy- reseeds easily; perfect for rock Penstemon, Albert’s Penstemon albertinus blue 4-12 in dry perennial full sun May-July loam gardens sandy- Penstemon, Fuzzytongue Penstemon eriantherus lavender 12-16 in dry perennial full sun June-July relatively short lived; will self seed loam long-stalked clusters of 2" tubular Penstemon, Lyall's Penstemon lyallii lavender 12-24 in rocky dry perennial full sun July-Aug flowers attracts butterflies and PS-full Penstemon, Wilcox’s Penstemon wilcoxii purple 16-40 in rocky dry perennial May-July hummingbirds; will reflower after sun pruning; dark green waxy foliage sandy- dry to mod Phacelia, Franklin’s Phacelia franklinii blue-purple 6-20 in biennial full sun July-Aug attractive plant rocky moist sandy- Phacelia, Narrowleaved Phacelia linearis lavender 10-12 in dry perennial full sun May-July nice filler in dry gardens loam sandy- Phlox, Kelsey's Phlox kelseyi white-blue 2-6 in dry perennial full sun May-June great rock garden plant rocky sandy- dry to mod PS-full Pussytoes, Rosy Antennaria microphylla rose 6-16 in perennial May-July great groundcover loam moist sun sandy- dry to mod White Sagewort Artemisia ludoviciana yellow 16-24 in perennial full sun July-Aug aromatic; spreads into loose mats clay moist sandy- fine leaves are tufted and look like a Sandwort, Mountain Arenaria capillaris white 6-8 in dry perennial full sun July-Aug rocky bunch grass sandy- hummingbirds love it; will bloom into Scarlet Gilia Ipomopsis (Gilia) aggregata red 18 in dry biennial full sun July-Aug loam fall in cultivation Scarlet Globemallow Sphaeralcea coccinea orange 8-24 in sandy dry perennial full sun July-Aug great in rock gardens; spreads vernally PS-full dormant after flowering; cannot Shooting Star Dodecatheon sp. fuchsia 3-9 in loam perennial April-June moist sun compete with larger plants sandy- groundcover; produces flowerlets Stonecrop, Lance-leaved Sedum lanceolatum yellow 4-6 in dry perennial full sun June-Aug rocky that root easily leaves have anise-like odor when Sweet Cecily, Western Osmorhiza occidentalis white 1-3 ft loam moist perennial PS July-Aug crushed; sandy- Violet, Western Viola adunca purple 2-5 in moist perennial PS-shade April-Aug rhizomatous; 2-6 in wide clusters loam rhizomatous and reseeds Violet, Yellow Viola glabella yellow 2/8 in loam moist perennial PS-shade May-July

WILDFLOWERS p. 5

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Common Name Scientific Name Height Soil Type Perennial, Bloom Time Time Bloom Flower Color Flower Color Soil Moisture Annual, Biennial Annual, sandy- PS-full fast growing and can be invasive; Yarrow Achillea millefolium white 8-40 in dry perennial June-Aug clay sun deer resistant