Karl Toepfer
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cover next page > title : Empire of Ecstasy : Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935 author : Toepfer, Karl Eric. publisher : University of California Press isbn10 | asin : 0520206630 print isbn13 : 9780520206632 ebook isbn13 : 9780585299853 language : English subject Physical education and training--Germany--History--20th century, Dance--Germany--History--20th century, Nudism-- Sociological aspects--Germany--History--20th century, Nudity in dance--Germany--History--20th century, Body image-- Germany. publication date : 1997 lcc : GV251.T64 1997eb ddc : 613.7/0943 subject : Physical education and training--Germany--History--20th century, Dance--Germany--History--20th century, Nudism-- Sociological aspects--Germany--History--20th century, Nudity in dance--Germany--History--20th century, Body image-- Germany. cover next page > < previous page page_i next page > Page i Empire of Ecstasy < previous page page_i next page > < previous page page_ii next page > Page ii Helmi Nurk, Bremen, 1926, from RLM, plate 54; Gertrud Leistikow dancing, Amsterdam, 1917, ink drawing by Jan Sluijters, from Jan Sluijters 18811957 (1981), 115. < previous page page_ii next page > < previous page page_iii next page > Page iii Empire of Ecstasy Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 19101935 Karl Toepfer < previous page page_iii next page > < previous page page_iv next page > Page iv University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 1997 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Toepfer, Karl Eric, 1948 Empire of ecstasy: nudity and movement in German body culture, 19101935 / Karl Toepfer. p. cm.(Weimar and now; 13) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-520-20663-0 (alk. paper) 1. Physical education and trainingGermanyHistory20th century. 2. Dance GermanyHistory20th century. 3. NudismSociological aspectsGermanyHistory 20th century. 4. Nudity in danceGermanyHistory20th century. 5. Body image Germany. I. Title. II. Series GV251.T64r 1998 613.7'0943dc20 96-34015 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.481984. < previous page page_iv next page > < previous page page_v next page > Page v for Carlos Tindemans < previous page page_v next page > < previous page page_vii next page > Page vii Contents List of Illustrations ix List of Abbreviations xiii Acknowledgments xv Figure One 1 Early Nackttanz 22 Nacktkultur 30 Feminist Nacktkultur 39 Erotic Nacktkultur 48 Nacktballett 74 Schools of Bodily Expressivity 97 Solo Dancing 155 Pair Dancing 207 Group Dancing 234 Theatre Dancing 284 Mass Dancing 300 Music and Movement 321 Dance Criticism 334 Dance as Image 358 Ecstasy and Modernity 382 References 387 Index 411 < previous page page_vii next page > < previous page page_ix next page > Page ix Illustrations Frontispieces. Helmi Nurk, 1926; Gertrud Leistikow, 1917 (following p. 96) 1. Dancer at the Ida Herion School in Stuttgart 2. Dancer at the Ida Herion School in Stuttgart 3. Ursula Falke in a pose from Der Prinz (1925) 4. Karla Grosch performing Metalltanz (1929) 5. Open-air rhythmic gymnastics at the Dalcroze school in Hellerau 6. Gertrud Leistikow, near Ascona, 1914 7. Olga Desmond in nude tableau 8. Male nudists 9. Male and female nudists exercising together 10. Students of the Hagemann school in Hamburg 11. Woman gymnast of the Hagemann school 12. Brother and sister nudists 13. Claire Bauroff, Vienna, 1925 14. Grete Wiesenthal performing Pantanz 15. Dancer at the Elisabeth Estas school in Cologne 16. Drawing by Hata Deli < previous page page_ix next page > < previous page page_x next page > Page x 17. Dancer at the Ida Herion school in Stuttgart 18. Dancer at the Ida Herion School 19. Dancer at the Ida Herion School 20. Dancers at the Ida Herion school in Stuttgart 21. Dancers at the Ida Herion School 22. Dancers at the Ida Herion School 23. Kirchner, watercolor study for the "Color Dance" mural 24. Jeanne Mammen, watercolor of social dancing in a Berlin bar 25. Chorus girls in a Berlin nightclub 26. Anita Berber and Sebastian Droste 27. Outdoor movement choir 28. Laban sketch of human movement 29. Mary Wigman's Zweitanz (Studie) 30. Masked solo figure from Wigman's Totentanz 31. The "prophetess" section of Wigman's Frauentänze 32. Female Loheland student 33. Page from manual on the Sokol system 34. Men performing Swedish gymnastics 35. Design by Lothar Schreyer for Maria im Mond 36. Image from Schlemmer's The Triadic Ballet 37. Experimental dance at the Bauhuas 38. The Staff Dance performed by Manda van Kreibig at the Bauhaus 39. Edith von Schrenck 40. Edith von Schrenck's Kriegertanz 41. Edith von Schrenck's Polichinelle 42. Grit Hegesa performing Groteske 43. Grit Hegesa dancing 44. Portrait of Grit Hegesa, Berlin, ca. 1925 45. Vogeler, The Dancer Charlotte Bara, 1918 < previous page page_x next page > < previous page page_xi next page > Page xi 46. Sent M'ahesa in a pose from an Egyptian dance (following p. 320) 47. Mila and Elia Cirul performing Tentation 48. Niddy Impekoven performing Gefangene Vogel 49. Gret Palucca 50. Kandinsky, drawing of Gret Palucca 51. Valeska Ger 52. Walter Holdt and Lavinia Schulz as "Tobaggan" and Springvieh" 53. Clotilde von Derp and Alexander Sacharoff 54. Yvonne Georgie 55. Harald Kreutzberg in Gozzi's Turandot 56. Vera Skoronel 57. A scene from Skoronel's Das Tanzspiel 58. Scene from Hertha Feist's Die Berufung 59. Students of Jutta Klamt 60. Gertrud Bodenwieser's Dämon Maschine (1924) 61. A scene from Lola Rogge's Amazonen 62. Group movement from Wallmann's Das jungste Gericht 63. Students from the Margarete Schmidts school 64. Ecstatic mass movement in the Flemishmassatooneel 65. Flemish mass movement 66. Nationalist celebration, Olympic Stadium, Berlin, 1937 67. Jaap Kool's movement notation 68. The "shadows" section of Mary Wigman's Der Weg (1932) 69. Poster by Ursula Falke 70. A woman dancing while wearing glasses 71. Erika Vogt 72. Luise Grimm, Tanzszene < previous page page_xi next page > < previous page page_xii next page > Page xii 73. Mary Wigman and her dance group 74. Frans Masereel, Jazz 75. John Bulloch Souter, The Breakdown 76. Toni Freeden cradling steel sculpture of her head 77. Dancers rehearsing, Atlantis House, Bremen 78. Photography by Gerhard Riebicke 79. Study of Russian Dancers 80. Experimental dance 81. Dore Hoyer 82. Olga Gzovska performing her Salome dance 83. Photograph by Frantisek Drtikol 84. Composition photograph by Frantisek Drtikol < previous page page_xii next page > < previous page page_xiii next page > Page xiii Abbreviations AI Archives Internationales de la Danse, No. 3 (15 July 1934) DG Dorothee Günther, Der Tanz als Bewegungsphänomen (1962) DS Dirk Scheper, Oskar Schlemmer, das Triadische Ballett und die Bauhausbühne (1988) ESG Eva van Schaik, Op gespannen voet. Geschiednis van Nederlandse teaterdans vanaf 1900 (1981). EST Emanuel Siblik, Tanec, mimo nás i v nás (1937) FGK Fritz Giese, Körperseele (1924) FGW Fritz Giese and Hedwig Hagemann, Weibliche Körperbildung (1924) FP Frank-Manuel Peter, Valeska Gert (1985) HB Hans Brandenburg, Der moderne Tanz (1921) HFH Hans W. Fischer, Hamburger Kulturbilderbogen (1924) HFT Hans W. Fischer, Das Tanzbuch (1924) HK Horst Koegler, ''Tanz in den Abgrund" (1981) HM Hedwig Mueller, Mary Wigman (1986) LF Lothar Fischer, Anita Berber, Tanz zwischen Rausch und Tod (1984) LF Lothar Fischer, "Getanzte Körperbefreiung" (1989) LS Lothar Schreyer, Expressionistisches Theater (1948) JJ Joe Jencik, Anita Berberova (1930) KT K. Toepfer, "Speech and Sexual Difference in Mary Wigman's Dance Aesthetic" (1992) KTP Konzert, Tanz und Presse (19201921) MS H. Mueller and Patricia Stöckemann (eds.), " . jeder Mensch ist ein Tänzer" (1993) MWB Mary Wigman, The Mary Wigman Book (1973) OG Otto Goldmann, Nacktheit, Sitte und Gesetz (1924) OS Oskar Schlemmer, The Theater of the Bauhaus (1961) OSI Oskar Schlemmer, Idealist der Form (1990) PS Patricia Stöckemann, Lola Rogge (1991) < previous page page_xiii next page > < previous page page_xiv next page > Page xiv RB Rudolf Bode, Expression-Gymnastics (1932) RL Rudolf Laban, Die Welt des Tänzers (1920) RLM Rudolf Lämmel, Der moderne Tanz (1928) VP Valerie Preston-Dunlop and Susanne Lahusen (eds), Schrifttanz (1990) WBD J. W. F. Weremeus Buning, Dansen en danseressen (1926) WBT J. W. F. Weremeus Buning, Tooneel en dans (1925) WS Werner Suhr, Der künstlerische Tanz (1922) < previous page page_xiv next page > < previous page page_xv next page > Page xv Acknowledgments A book of this magnitude appears because many people in many ways participated in its development and production. They participated, often with lavish generosity, because they were eager for a history of German body culture to be told on a larger scale than previously attempted. They wanted a history that revealed the contributions to German body culture of people whose achievements were much more significant than their obscurity in archives would indicate. The adventure of producing this book therefore brought me into contact with numerous people who made extraordinary efforts and sometimes great personal sacrifices to help me solve problems, answer questions, or excavate valuable but barely accessible evidence. Professor Anton Kaes at the University of California, Berkeley, showed tenacious faith in