Black Hills, Badlands & Mount Rushmore

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COMPLIMENTARY $2.95 2017/2018 YOUR COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE PARKS BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE

ACTIVITIES • SIGHTSEEING • PRESERVATION EVENTS • TRAILS • HISTORY • MAPS • MORE

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Welcome to the Black Hills and Badlands of South Dakota! As you explore our fine state, I’m confident you’ll find some Zion National Park of the best scenery, most unique attractions, and friendliest is the result of erosion, people in the country. sedimentary uplift, and Our scenic drives, such as Spearfish Canyon and the 70-mile Peter Norbeck Scenic Byway, will surprise you with Stephanie Shinmachi. amazing views around every corner. Just 50 miles east, you’ll 8 ⅞ find a moon-like landscape in Badlands National Park. If you need to stretch your legs, you’ll find more than 400 miles of nature walks and hikes. 8 ⅜ South Dakota is also home to two of the world’s largest mountain carvings; patriotic Mount Rushmore National Me- morial and Crazy Horse Memorial, a tribute to Native Ameri- 7 ⅜ Chad Coppess, South Dakota Department of Tourism cans. I encourage you to visit both and learn the history and story behind each of these magnificent sculptures. Governor Dennis Daugaard 5 ⅞ & First Lady Linda Daugaard I also encourage you to take a drive through Custer State Park, the country’s second largest state park, where wildlife abounds. Along Wildlife Loop Road, you’ll 5 ⅜ have a chance to see antelope, deer, prairie dogs, “beg- ging” burros, and the park’s 1,300 member bison herd. In 4 ¾ fact, Austin-Lehman Adventures named Custer State Park one of the world’s Top 10 Wildlife Destinations. In addition to all of this, the Black Hills weaves in family attractions that have been around for generations, colorful Native American culture, vibrant Old West history, an abun- dance of outdoor adventure, two of the world’s longest caves, and several unique festivals and events. This Oh, Ranger! guide to the region was created in partnership with American Park Network. I hope you enjoy your time in South Dakota, and you’ll visit us again soon in the land of Great Faces and Great Places.

Sincerely,

Dennis Daugaard Governor Join the community at nationalparks.org

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American Park Network® publishes Plan Your Visit 8 OhRanger.com, Oh, Ranger! ParkFinder™ and Oh, Ranger!® guides —a collection of visitor Important Numbers 12 guides for public lands all across America. American Park Network is an official partner of the National Forest Foundation, National Parks Lodging & Dining 14 Conservation Association, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, American Hiking Society and History & Culture 15 the Student Conservation Association. Mount Rushmore 19 Publisher & Editor-in-Chief MARK J. SAFERSTEIN The Making of Rushmore 21 Associate Publisher & Executive Editor Savings can take you to sights. Joel S. Saferstein Badlands National Park 28 Savings can take you to amazing sights. Group Sales & Partnerships Director amazing Alex Frenkel Centerfold Map EDITORIAL / PRODUCTION Exploring the Black Hills 31 Managing Editor: Kate Morgan Editors: Nell Alk, Monette A. Bailey, Scott Deckman, Cinnamon Janzer, Julie McCool, Crazy Horse 33 Renee Sklarew, Andy M. Smith Proofreader: Shannon Kronstadt Things To Do 34 Graphic Designers: Mario Arce, Dennisse Cruz, Mike Dion, Yamileth Recinos, Tatiana Hurtado Camping 40 DIGITAL Technology Managers: Scott Falconer, Josh Eckstein Walking & Hiking 42 ADVERTISING SALES & MARKETING (212) 581-3380 Who’s Who at the Park 46 [email protected] Business Development: Sharon Burson, Nature & Wildlife 48 Randy Burton, Mary Pat Kaleth, Pat Keane, Craig King, Kristi Rummel Photography 52 Operations Manager: Matthew Price

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Some discounts, coverages, payment plans and features are not available in all states or all GEICO companies. FOR MORE INFORMATION For answers to all your questions, GEICO is a registered service mark of Government Employees Insurance Company, Washington, D.C. 20076; Distribution requests go to OhRanger.com Some discounts, coverages, paymenta Berkshire plans Hathaway and features Inc. subsidiary. are not available © 2017 in GEICO all states or all GEICO companies. [email protected] GEICO is a registered service mark of Government Employees Insurance Company, Washington, D.C. 20076; a Berkshire Hathaway Inc. subsidiary. © 2017 GEICO Oh, Ranger! Wi-Fi™ installation/sponsorship [email protected] WHAT’S NEW! WHY PARKS MATTER

There is nothing so American as our national parks. – Franklin Delano Roosevelt ®

Access to parks is one of the things that’s truly great about life in America. Not just national parks, like FDR stated, but all parks. Parks Mark, Joel & Alex – Support parks, stay healthy! afford everyone, regardless of race, income, social status or age, the opportunity to escape Take a deep breath in a park and you’ll immedi- the concrete jungle and step into the wild. It ately know the value of greenspace. doesn’t matter whether it’s a small step into a Health & Wellness Studies show a high local park or a giant leap into the backcountry. correlation between time spent in parks and The effect is the same. Time in nature feels improved health (and, in my view, happiness). good. Other values that parks bring may be You move more when you’re outside, which de- less obvious. Since we take care of the things creases stress, makes you more fit and reduces we value, I’d like to highlight a few other ben- the risk of many health issues, such as diabetes, efits we all receive from public lands: high blood pressure and heart disease. Exercise Economic Impact America’s federal, state (which parks inspire) also positively impacts your and local parks and public lands generate $200 cholesterol levels. A few years ago, I started bi- billion in annual economic activity and support cycling to work every day. A year later, my over- more than one million jobs! You might help a all cholesterol went down while my HDL—the dozen businesses during a weekend hiking trip. “good” cholesterol—went up. The results of Imagine the impact of a week-long national park a small change in your exercise routine can be adventure. Parks raise property values, too! amazing! Parks invite this change. Conservation Trees produce the oxygen The value of parks is undeniable, so follow we need to survive, but did you know that FDR’s lead and support our public lands. It’s they also help save money? It’s estimated that the all-American thing to do. (Congress, take trees in cities save $400 billion in costs to re- note!) You’ll save the country money while im- tain stormwater. A single tree can store 100 proving our nation’s health—and your own, too. gallons or more, which helps keep streets from Not a bad combination! flooding and reduces the need for artificial stor- age facilities. A tree can also absorb as much as three tons of carbon gas during its lifetime. [email protected] Five national parks GET CONNECTED AT YOUR FAVORITE PARKS! One iconic American road trip VisitUtah.com/itineraries Parks are about enjoying nature, but what if you want to share a great picture or are awaiting an important email? If you’re looking to add connectivity to your park, or if you already have Wi-Fi and would like help adding content or generating sponsor revenues, please let us know at [email protected]. ®

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159 W. BROADWAY STE 200 TEL 801 531 0122 SALT LAKE CITY UTAH 84101 FAX 801 531 0123

Client: UOT Publication: American Park Network Magazine Job #: 16-UOT-1731 Road To Mighty Issue: Due to Vendor 4/7 File: 16-UOT-1731 RTM_Brothers_AmericanPark_170407.pdf Bleed: 5.875” w x 8.875” h File Created: 03/27/2017 Trim: 5.375” w x 8.375” h Agency Contact: Robyn Reynolds Live: 4.75” w x 7.375” h Phone: 801-531-0122 Colors: 4C Email: [email protected] PLAN YOUR VISIT

South Dakota’s Black Hills are home to BLACK HILLS VISITOR one of the most famous monuments in INFORMATION CENTER the country. Mount Rushmore depicts four The visitor information center is open daily prominent presidents in America’s history. from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. in the winter. From May Carved into South Dakota granite, George 27 to August 13, hours are 8 a.m. to 10 p.m., Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore and from August 14 to September 30, hours Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln stare out at are 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. daily. The center, located the surrounding region. on the north side of Interstate 90 at Exit 61 The South Dakota Badlands are sure in Rapid City, provides free brochures, travel to amaze all who venture to the park. The guides and maps. The retail shop features stunning reds, oranges and sand tones re- local crafts, books, jewelry and more! Park veal breathtaking geology. The rocks’ sharp passes and fishing licenses are also sold edges pierce the sky while prairie intertwines here. The center is located at 1851 Discovery itself through the rugged landscape. Ironi- Circle, Rapid City, SD 57701. For more infor- cally, the originally proposed name for the mation, call (605) 355-3700. Badlands was Teton. Wind Cave and Jewel Cave offer untamed WEATHER underground beauty. Jewel Cave grabbed its Summer daytime temperatures in the name from the shining calcite crystals, and Black Hills average around 80°F and higher. at over 160 miles in length, it is the third-lon- Bring comfortable clothing, a hat and sun- gest cave in the world. Wind Cave is one of screen. Evenings cool down significantly the largest and most complex known caves with more noticeable temperature drops in the world. Both caves offer ranger-guided in higher elevations. In the fall, sunny tours and activities! days and crisp temperatures are common, though snowstorms may occur in October. GETTING TO THE BLACK HILLS Winter temperatures range from 40° to By Car: I-90 runs just north of the region –20°F, and icy roads and limited visitor ser- to the gateway towns of Spearfish and St- vices require that you plan your trips care- urgis. You can get free state highway maps fully. Even in the spring, the weather is from the South Dakota Office of Tourism by often cold and wet. It is recommended that calling (605) 773-3301 or (800) 732-5682; you bring warm clothing and rain gear just or visit travelsd.com. in case. By Air: Rapid City Regional Airport, located 10 miles southeast of Rapid City, VISITOR SERVICES Pre-Collision1 with Pedestrian 2 provides easy access to the Black Hills Detection standard. area. Flights to and from Phoenix, Las BANKS Pedestrians can come out of nowhere. So Pre-Collision with Pedestrian Detection can help spot them and brake Vegas, Chicago, Dallas, Minneapolis, At Mount Rushmore, there is an auto- for you. It’s just one of the standard Toyota Safety Sense™ P (TSS-P)3 features that give you more peace of mind. Denver and Salt Lake City are available mated teller machine (ATM) located in the

Options shown. Dramatization. 1. The TSS Pre-Collision System is designed to help avoid or reduce the crash speed and damage in certain frontal collisions only. It is not a substitute for safe and attentive driving. System effectiveness is on United Express, Delta, Allegiant and Carvers Cafe next to the restrooms. In dependent on road, weather and vehicle conditions. See Owner’s Manual for additional limitations and details. 2. The Pedestrian Detection system is designed to detect a pedestrian ahead of the vehicle, determine if impact is imminent and help reduce impact speed. It is not a substitute for safe and attentive driving. System effectiveness depends on many factors, such as speed, size and position of pedestrians, and weather, light and road conditions. See Owner’s American Airlines. downtown Hill City and Keystone, there are Manual for additional limitations and details. 3. Drivers are responsible for their own safe driving. Always pay attention to your surroundings and drive safely. Depending on the conditions of roads, weather and the vehicle, the system(s) may not work as intended. See Owner’s Manual for additional limitations and details. ©2017 Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. 8 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE |

S A ATCHI & S A ATCHI LOS ANGELES • 3501 SEPULVEDA BLVD . • TORRANCE, CA • 90505 • 310 - 214 - 6000 SIZE: Bleed: 5-7/8" x 8-7/8" Trim: 5-3/8" x 8-3/8" Live: 4-3/4" x 7-3/8" Mechanical is 100% of final BY DATE W/C DATE BY DATE W/C DATE No. of Colors: 4C Type prints: Gutter: LS: Output is 100% of final Project Manager Diversity Review Panel Print Producer Assist. Account Executive CLIENT: TMS Advertising EXECUTIVE CREATIVE DIRECTORS: F. Costa Studio Manager Account Executive JOB TITLE: MY17 Prius Print — Cellphone CREATIVE DIRECTOR: R. Braga Production Director Account Supervisor PRODUCT CODE: 120311- PRI ASSC. CREATIVE DIRECTORS: Art Buyer Management Director AD UNIT: 4CPB COPYWRITER: D. Sorgan Proofreading CLIENT Art Director TRACKING NO: 04652 PE ART DIRECTOR: L. Borges Ad Mgr./Administrator •Chief Creative Officer PRODUCTION DATE: March 2017 PRINT PRODUCER: R. Dallas-Noble Ph: 310.214.6233 National Ad Mgr. •Exec. Creative Director MECHANICAL NUMBER: ______STUDIO ARTIST: V. Lee Ph: 310.214.6224 VOG •Creative Director SHOT NO: PRS_MY17_0174_V001 •Assc. Creative Director Corp. Mgr., Mkt. Comm. V.P. Marketing Copywriter •Assc. Creative Director Legal/Product PROOF NUMBER ––––––––––––– SPECIAL INFO: Bill to B1194-006516-00 Product TMS Diversity Binder

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several banks and ATMs. Numerous full- picnic areas, parking areas and roads. It is POSTAL SERVICES thoroughfares of local communities. It is service banks are available in Rapid City. important to keep pets away from wildlife, At Mount Rushmore, there is a U.S. mail- important to remember to fill up before as they can transmit disease. Pets are not box in the food area, and visitors can also exploring the more remote areas of the GUIDED TOURS allowed on trails, in backcountry areas or leave stamped mail at the visitor center and Black Hills. Local companies offer bus tours to Mount public buildings. information center ranger desks. Full-service Rushmore, Black Hills National Forest, Custer Pets are not permitted anywhere in post offices are located in all communities, in- SPECIAL SERVICES - State Park and Crazy Horse Memorial. Con- Mount Rushmore National Memorial. cluding Keystone and Hill City. Facilities and activities that are tact Gray Line of the Black Hills at (800) 456- There are, however, dog-friendly ex- fully accessible to visitors with dis- 4461; Stagecoach West at (605) 343-3113; or ercise areas located at the edge of the RELIGIOUS SERVICES abilities are indicated throughout this Sturgis Bus Company at (605) 574-2249 for main parking lot. During the summer months, a Christian guide by this symbol: -. These will vary more information. ministry in the National Parks offers a nonde- by park and activity. KENNELS nominational service in the Mount Rushmore For additional information, please call PETS Kennels near Mount Rushmore are Amphitheater on Sundays starting at 8:30 a.m. (605) 574-2523. For an additional resource, It is important to keep in mind that many located in Custer and Rapid City. In In nearby Keystone, Catholic and nonde- consult Easy Access to the National Parks, parks have distinct policies regarding pets. Custer, contact Lynn’s Pet Motel at (605) nominational church services are held. In Hill which is published by the Sierra Club and For example, Badlands National Park 673‑3347. In Rapid City, contact the Black City there are Catholic, Lutheran, Assembly available in most bookstores. and Jewel Cave National Monument re- Hills Animal Hospital at (605) 343‑6067; of God and nondenominational services. quire that pets be kept on a leash no Meiners Animal Clinic at (605) 343-5089; REGULATIONS & SAFETY longer than six feet. They are allowed in or the Dakota Hills Veterinary Clinic at SERVICE STATIONS Parks can be an endless source of fun, developed areas such as campgrounds, (605) 342-7498. Gas stations are readily available in Hill but it is always important to keep a few City, Keystone and along all the major basic rules in mind to ensure a safe and Mike Tigas Mike

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Learn the history of Native Americans in the Black Hills at the Crazy Horse Memorial.

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IMPORTANT NUMBERS FEDERAL RECREATION LANDS PASSES NATIONAL PARKS A federal recreation pass is helpful if you plan to visit many national parks, forests or other (605) 433-5361 federal lands. For information, call (888) 275-8747 or visit store.usgs.gov/pass. Badlands National Park nps.gov/badl

(605) 673-8300 Type Cost Availability Details Jewel Cave National Monument nps.gov/jeca Annual This one-year pass is available on site, by $80 General Public (605) 574-2523 Pass phone or online (see above). Mount Rushmore National Memorial nps.gov/moru Senior This lifetime pass is available on site or via mail (605) 745-4600 $10 U.S. residents age 62+ Wind Cave National Park Pass order. ID required. nps.gov/wica Military U.S. military members and This one-year pass is available on site. Free LOCAL VISITOR ASSOCIATIONS Pass their dependents ID (CAC Card or DoD Form 1173) required.

(800) SDAKOTA (732-5682) or Access U.S. residents with perma- This lifetime pass is available on site or via mail South Dakota Office of Tourism Free (605) 773-3301 Pass nent disabilities order. ID and documentation required.

Black Hills, Badlands & Lakes Association (605) 355-3600 Volunteer 250 cumulative volunteer Inquire locally to obtain information about this Free Pass service hours one-year pass. Custer Chamber of Commerce (800) 992-9818

Deadwood Chamber of Commerce (800) 999-1876

Hill City Chamber of Commerce (605) 574-2368 enjoyable trip. It is crucial to remember mans with food, they lose their natural fear the environment you are in and the po- of people. These encounters can result in Hot Springs Chamber of Commerce (800) 325-6991 tential dangers. It is better to be safe and damage or personal injury. Do not approach Keystone Chamber of Commerce (605) 666-4896 prepared rather than in an unpleasant or animals, and give them as much space as risky situation. Your safety is always the possible. Bison and elk can cause signifi- Lead Chamber of Commerce (605) 584-1100 most important part of your journey. cant damage if they charge into cars. When Rapid City Chamber of Commerce (605) 343-1744 humans get too close, animals can be fright-

Spearfish Chamber of Commerce (800) 626-8013 PRAIRIE DOGS ened and feel threatened, which sometimes On your trip to the Black Hills, you may results in attacks. Respect wildlife at all times Sturgis Chamber of Commerce (605) 347-2556 spot a few prairie dogs during your adven- and do not leave garbage or food behind. Wall Chamber of Commerce (605) 279-2665 ture. These animals can carry transmit- Garbage attracts animals to areas such as table diseases, so keep a safe distance at campsites. Emergencies 911 all times. One of the main diseases is the CAMPING RESERVATIONS plague. The plague has been taking its toll on prairie dog populations for a number of National Forest Campsite Reservations (877) 444-6777 years. Animals and humans can be bitten PHOTO AMERICAN INDIAN CULTURE by fleas carrying the plague and transmit it to other hosts. OP! Red Cloud Heritage Center (Pine Ridge) (605) 867-5491 Send us your stories and photos and you could be a part of our guide! Siouxland Heritage Museums (605) 367-4210 DO NOT FEED THE ANIMALS Be a part of the Oh,Ranger! world! Remember that all animals in the parks are ohranger.com/badlands/photos Tribal Government Relations (605) 773-3415 wild. DO NOT feed them. Feeding is prohibited. When animals begin to associate hu-

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Accommodations are not available within hiking, rock climbing nearby. Sylvan Lake South Dakota’s first inhabitants lived Mount Rushmore National Memorial, but inns, Lodge Dining Room offers fantastic views more than 9,000 years ago. Most of these motels, hotels, bed-and-breakfasts and camp- with fare such as buffalo, freshwater trout nomadic tribes migrated with the massive grounds are plentiful throughout the Black Hills. and wapiti (elk).  herds of bison (commonly called buffalo) Forever Resorts operates Cedar Pass Lodge 3. State Game Lodge President Calvin that roamed the grasslands of the Great within Badlands National Park. Advance reser- Coolidge made this stone-and-wood lodge Plains. Early hunters relied on the furry vations are strongly recommended, especially his summer White House in 1927. It has beasts for everything from meat, cloth- in the summer. It’s best to call six months to seven rooms with adjacent motel and cot- ing and fuel for fire (from dung), to tools, one year in advance. Visit foreverresorts.com tages. The lodge is located in Custer State toys and weapons. For many centuries, for more information. Park off of U.S. Highway 16A. (888) 875- these peoples persevered, despite the oc- 1. Cedar Pass Lodge and Cabins Located 0001 • custerresorts.com AMENITIES The casional harsh weather and territorial dis- within Badlands National Park, the lodge lodge is close to hiking, fishing and a summer putes with neighboring tribes. and its new, eco-friendly cabins are open May stock theatre at the Black Hills Playhouse. The Arikara (or Ree) Indians had arrived 20 through September 14. Its location near State Game Lodge Dining Room serves by 1500 C.E. They were followed by the park headquarters makes it the perfect start- South Dakota specialities like buffalo, pheas- Cheyenne, Kiowa, Pawnee and Crow. A council of Sioux chiefs and tribal leaders met ing point to explore. (877) 386-4383 • cedar- ant and rainbow trout.  The Sioux (or Lakota) migrated from in Pine Ridge, South Dakota in 1891 in an effort to put an end to the warring. passlodge.com - AMENITIES Air-conditioned 4. Carvers Cafe is the only dining facility at Minnesota in the 1700s, driving the other cabins; gift shop with turquoise, silver, pottery, Mount Rushmore and located at the base of tribes north, west and south. For more groups known as tiyospaye. Hunting bi- Sioux quillwork, books, film and local jewelry. the monument. Choices include an espresso, than 150 years, the Sioux commanded a son, or tatanka, and processing the meat, Cedar Pass Lodge Restaurant serves every- ice cream, freshly baked cinnamon bun or a tract of land large enough to support the hide and bones were tasks for the entire thing from trout and steaks to tacos. Wine and full-course meal. Guests can enjoy their se- bison herds on which they subsisted. The tiyospaye. They built earthen lodges and beer are also available. The dining room has a lections inside near the Dakota slate fireplace center of this area is present-day South teepees of buffalo hide while their eastern view of the Badlands.  or on the terrace on a bright summer’s day, Dakota. cousins lived in bark-and-mat wigwams. 2. Sylvan Lake Lodge Located at the inter- all in full view of the memorial. Visit online at At the close of the 18th century, the section of Highways 87 and 89, Sylvan Lake xanterra.com. dominant Sioux were at the height of their NEWCOMERS Lodge has 67 rooms, some of which overlook Open daily 7 a.m. to 9 p.m., 8 a.m. to power, with numerous interrelated bands As European immigrants flooded Sylvan Lake, a dining room and a cozy lounge. 4:30 p.m. during winter. Closed Christmas covering more than 80 million acres. Com- the eastern United States, white settlers (605) 574-2561 • custerresorts.com AMENI- Day. Menus are seasonal and subject to prised of three major tribes—Yankton, gradually moved westward seeking fer- TIES guest cabins with fireplaces and kitch- change during winter hours.  Photo: Santee and Teton—they were excep- tile land and suitable town sites. enettes; swimming, paddleboating, fishing, Matthew Staver tional horsemen, skilled hunters and su- In the 1700s, French-Canadian ex- perior warriors. The Sioux tribes had no plorers began mapping the Missouri written language, but their history and River with an eye on the pelts and hides heritage were entrusted to storytellers they could buy from the American Indi- and recorded by “winter counts”—draw- ans and sell back East to be made into ings painted in a spiral on animal hides. shoes, hats and coats. Adventurers One drawing could depict one year, thus Francois “The Chevalier” and Louis- 1 2 3 4 a single hide could represent up to a half- Joseph La Verendrye claimed the re- century of Sioux history. gion for King Louis XV in 1743 at Fort KEY The Sioux were divided into bands and Pierre, near the present-day town of the Breakfast Lunch Dinner Wheelchair Access then again into smaller, extended family same name.

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Trappers and mountain men had been Later, the Rocky Mountain Fur Com- trading with native tribes for decades pany arrived with some of the Wild West’s when Thomas Jefferson became the characters: Jebediah Smith, Jim Bridger, nation’s third president. His policy of Hugh Glass and Thomas Fitzpatrick. westward expansion led to the 1803 purchase of the 828,000-square-mile Loui- HOMESTEADERS AND SODBUSTERS siana Territory from Napoleon of France During the 75 years following Lewis for three cents an acre. The land deal and Clark’s visit, immigrating pioneers included most of what would become built homesteads and small towns, tilled South Dakota. the land and waited to harvest the fruits

of their labors. Clockwise top from Library left: of Congress LEWIS AND CLARK The U.S. Congress passed the Home- With a new deed to an immense and stead Act in 1862, offering any able- largely unexplored territory, Jefferson bodied American citizen the chance to sent the Corps of Discovery into the purchase 160 acres for a token payment American West in 1803. Led by Jeffer- (about $18 an acre in parts of Dakota Ter- son’s personal secretary, Meriwether ritory). In return, settlers were expected Lewis, and Lewis’ friend William Clark, to build a dwelling and plant a crop. Be- the expedition set out to chart the Mis- cause few trees grew on the prairies, the souri River, map the supposedly short di- “sodbusters” often lived in small shanties vide to the Columbia River, observe the made of sod strips. growing British presence in the Pacific Northwest and introduce the concept of LAND TREATIES American government to American Indi- As the push for western expansion con- ans encountered en route. tinued, the federal government entered The 31-member party met little resis- into a series of treaties with the Sioux, tance from tribes as they passed through culminating with the Fort Laramie Treaty South Dakota. The journals of Lewis and of 1868. This treaty established the Great Clark frequently refer to the wide-open Sioux Reservation and granted all lands spaces and black herds of bison they from the Missouri River west to the Big- viewed from vantage points along the horn Mountains of western Wyoming to Missouri River. the tribes. In addition, the treaty established agencies, which would distribute MOUNTAIN MEN food, clothing and money to the tribes. As Lewis and Clark were mapping Soon, however, the well-intentioned the frontier for settlement, adventurous treaty would be broken. mountain men, traders and trappers were opening the American West to commerce. GOLD RUSH The St. Louis Fur Company organized fur In 1874, a brazen young lieutenant colo- Clockwise from top: Explorers Lewis and Clark created some of the earliest maps of the area while forging westward; Gutzon Borglum, sculptor of Mount Rushmore, planted a U.S. flag at the top, trading with various tribes, bringing fron- nel, George Armstrong Custer, led the credit: Charles D’Emery; teepees made from bison hide were portable and snug, perfectly adapted tier forts, pioneer settlements and skir- first official white expedition into the Black for nomadic living; credit: SD State Historical Society; Mount Rushmore stood out on the landscape mishes between American Indians and Hills, ostensibly to survey the uncharted as the perfect mountain for the presidential sculpture, credit: Rise Studios; Medicine man and leader, Sitting Bull, guided his people through turbulent times, credit: SD State Historical Society; Custer’s immigrants of European descent. region. When Custer’s dispatches con- hasty battlefield tactics resulted in a significant Sioux victory, credit: SD State Historical Society.

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firmed the presence of gold in the area’s Minniconjou Sioux of the Cheyenne Res- MOUNT RUSHMORE creeks and coulees, gold rush fever flared. ervation, became seriously ill with pneu- As hordes of treasure seekers swarmed monia. He decided to move his band to into the region, federal troops futilely at- the Pine Ridge Reservation to join Sioux Mount Rushmore National Memorial is minutes after sunset. During summer, the tempted to cordon off the Hills to protect chief Red Cloud. open year-round except December 25. There sculpture lighting coincides with the park’s tribal property boundaries. Negotiators in As they neared Wounded Knee Creek, is no admission charge, but there is a parking evening lighting ceremony. The ceremony Washington, fearing war, encouraged the after an exhausting 150-mile journey, Big fee of $11 per car for 24 hours. The Federal begins at 9 p.m. from May 27 through Au- tribes to sell the land for cash, which they Foot and his band of 350 men, women Recreation Lands Pass does not cover the fee. gust 13 and 8 p.m. from August 14 through desperately needed to survive as bison and children were confronted by the U.S. September 30. populations dwindled. cavalry. During the confusing encounter, GETTING TO MOUNT RUSHMORE Negotiations failed and the federal a shot rang out and troops began firing in- Car: The most direct route by car is via INFORMATION CENTER government ordered all tribal members discriminately, killing more than 200 Sioux, I–90: Take exit 57 to Highway 16 (Mount Stop at the information center for details to return to their reservations. Although including Big Foot and his daughter. Today, Rushmore Road) and continue on to the me- about activities and programs at the memo- winter weather delayed delivery of the a solitary stone memorial marks the site of morial entrance. From Rapid City, go south- rial. Exhibits, a bookstore and brochures are message, the government designated the tragic Massacre at Wounded Knee. west on Highway 16 for 23 miles. available to help you plan. those who did not comply with the order Air: Rapid City Regional Airport, located as “hostile.” U.S. Army troops were as- DAKOTA BOOM 10 miles southeast of Rapid City, is the clos- AUDIO TOUR sembled to round up all hostiles and re- In the 1880s and 1890s, new lands est airport. Rent an audio tour handheld wand for turn them to their reservations by force, opened up to homesteaders, gold was har- Train: No rail service is available. $5 at the Audio Tour Building across from if necessary. In response, Hunkpapa vested from the Black Hills, riverboats ran the information center. Follow an educa- Sioux leader and medicine man Sitting the rivers and railroad tracks were laid to new HOURS tional and engaging presentation. The Bull summoned 10 tribes of the Sioux town sites. By 1889, the population of South The information center and Lincoln Bor- award-winning audio tour is available in — plus the Arapaho and Northern Chey- Dakota was large enough to warrant state- glum Visitor Center are both open every day English, Spanish, German and Lakota. enne— to his camp in Montana Territory. hood, and on November 2 of that year, South of the year (except December 25), from 8 Together, they discussed their options, Dakota became a U.S. state. a.m. to 5 p.m. in the winter and until 10 p.m. GRAND VIEW TERRACE but no consensus was reached. In 1973, Wounded Knee was back in the in the summer, from May 27 through August Above the Lincoln Borglum Visitor news again, the site of a 10-week stand- 13. From August 14 to September 30, the Center is the Grand View Terrace, which is BATTLES AND LOSSES off between American Indians and federal centers close at 9 p.m. In winter, the sculp- the primary viewpoint for appreciating the On June 25, 1876, in the valley of the marshals. Two American Indians were killed ture is illuminated for one hour beginning 30 sculpture. Seating is available at the front of Little Bighorn River, Sitting Bull and his during the conflict, which helped raise aware- the terrace. Elevators and stairways give ac- 4,000 warriors were encamped when ness of the plight of natives in the United cess to the Lincoln Borglum Visitor Center Custer and his troops mounted their States at that time. THE LINCOLN and to the top of the amphitheater. infamous attack. Hopelessly outnum- BORGLUM MUSEUM bered, Custer and his entire force of more The museum contains two 125-seat RANGER PROGRAMS than 200 soldiers were killed. Congress “There is nothing so American as our theaters where visitors can view a 13-min- The National Park Service (NPS) offers a reacted quickly and began punishing even national parks...The fundamental idea ute orientation movie about how and why variety of interpretive programs. Various the peaceful Sioux. Rations of food and behind the parks...is that the country the memorial was carved. A bookstore guided walks and talks, including children’s belongs to the people, that it is in clothing were cut dramatically, and even- operated by the Mount Rushmore History programs and Presidential Trail walks, are process of making for the enrichment tually, a new treaty was enacted which Association, restrooms and water fountains available. Visit the Lakota, Nakota and Da- of the lives of all of us.” ceded tribal land in the Black Hills to the are also available. With more than 5,200 kota Heritage Village as you walk down the - President Franklin D. Roosevelt square feet of exhibit space, the building federal government. Presidential Trail. Inquire at the information details the history and development of the Following Sitting Bull’s death in 1890, center or Lincoln Borglum Visitor Center for OhRanger.com sculpture. Big Foot, the hereditary chief of the the schedule.

18 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | | BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS AND MOUNT RUSHMORE 19 MOUNT RUSHMORE THE MAKING OF SCULPTOR’S STUDIO RECYCLING Open spring through fall, this is the on-site Please place your paper and plastic in the RUSHMORE studio built by sculptor Gutzon Borglum. Fif- recycling bins located in the park. Mount teen-minute talks scheduled daily explore the Rushmore National Memorial recently Mount Rushmore National Memorial is as organizations and wrote letter upon letter. artist’s methods and show his original plaster achieved Climate Friendly Park status, which much a product of dreams and determination Many South Dakotans believed that a model and tools. means it has completed training and formed as it is the work of a talented sculptor. colossal sculpture would attract thousands a plan of action to promote sustainability and of visitors with heavy wallets. Others AMPHITHEATER PROGRAMS prevent climate change. THE FATHER OF RUSHMORE found the notion ludicrous. Finally, when Located below the sculpture, the In 1923, Doane Robinson, the aging the newspaper stories stopped and the amphitheater stages evening programs. Ask BOOKSTORE superintendent of the South Dakota State snickers ceased, Robinson enlisted the aid at the information center or Lincoln Borglum The Mount Rushmore Society operates Historical Society, had a vision of a mas- of the one man he knew could carry the Visitor Center about events. stores in the information center, Lincoln Bor- sive mountain memorial carved from stone torch — the respected U.S. Senator Peter glum Visitor Center and Sculptor’s Studio, so large it would put South Dakota on the Norbeck. PRESIDENTIAL TRAIL selling souvenirs and gifts, as well as books map. Robinson told all who would listen Norbeck, a frequent visitor at the White The Presidential Trail is 0.5 miles (with 422 and other educational products. of his dream of giant statues of Western House, had the admiration of his peers in stairs) and starts from Grand View Terrace figures such as Chief Red Cloud, Buffalo the Senate as well as that of the farmers and and follows a historic roadbed overlooking the Special Services - ranchers of South Dakota who had sent him

amphitheater, then winds through ponderosa All Mount Rushmore programs are ac- NPS to Washington. Robinson’s mountain-carv- pines and rocky outcrops to a point directly cessible to visitors. The Sculptor’s Studio ing proposal captured the senior senator’s below the sculpture, offering views of the is the only facility that requires special ac- imagination and he encouraged the historian four figures. cess. Ask at the information center for di- to seek a sculptor capable of commanding It continues to the Sculptor’s Studio before rections to the studio. such a project. looping back to Grand View Terrace. The first At the Lincoln Borglum Visitor Sculptor Gutzon Borglum, one of Amer- 0.25 mile of this 0.5-mile trail is fully acces- Center, the orientation film, Mount ica’s most prolific artists, received a letter sible to visitors with disabilities. Rushmore —The Shrine, is close captioned from Robinson proposing the project in Au- for the hearing-impaired. Memorial brochures gust 1924. It couldn’t have come at a more GIFT SHOP are available in Braille. Wheelchairs are avail- opportune moment, as Borglum was fed up Xanterra Parks & Resorts® operates the able for loan at the information center. with the project he was working on, a memo- Fred Harvey Trading Company, a gift shop For more information, please call rial in Georgia depicting Confederate Presi- that offers fine collectibles and mementos. (605) 574-2523 or consult Easy Access to the dent Jefferson Davis and generals Robert You’ll find clothing, wildlife posters, post- National Parks, published by the Sierra Club. E. Lee and Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson. cards, fine jewelry, local American Indian art Borglum worked on the Confederate Memo- and a book section. The gift shop is open PETS rial Carving for a year before quarreling with from 8 a.m. to 10:30 p.m. (summer) and from With the exception of service animals, the managing association and quitting the 8 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (winter). pets are not permitted in the memorial. project to start work on Mount Rushmore.

LOST AND FOUND OUR READER MIXED SIGNALS To report a lost or found item, please FEEDBACK Sculptor Gutzon Borglum spent the last 14 Upon his arrival in September 1924, the contact NPS at (605) 574-3465. years of his life working on Mount Rushmore. flamboyant Borglum politely, but force- "My family has always wanted to see Mount Rushmore. It was even more amazing in person fully, informed Robinson and Norbeck that PARKING FEES than we imagined it would be." Bill Cody, Lewis and Clark, and legendary his life’s work would not be spent immor- Parking fees are $11 per car and $50 per - Carl S. Sioux warriors marching along South talizing regional heroes. The sculptor in- bus for a daily pass. Dakota’s skyline. Robinson spoke to local sisted that the work demanded a subject

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PRESIDENTIAL ATTENTION stream and downstream from the president’s Then, in the spring of 1927, Presi- quarters. Lunker trout from a nearby fish dent Calvin Coolidge decided to spend hatchery were trucked in nightly — so many his three-week summer holiday in that Coolidge couldn’t help but fill his creel as

Library of Congress of Library the Black Hills. he “learned to fish.” State officials immediately began prepar- This extended vacation allowed Borglum ing for the visit by remodeling the rustic State and Norbeck enough time to convince Game Lodge in Custer State Park, which Coolidge to participate in the formal dedi- was selected to be Coolidge’s “summer cation of Mount Rushmore. On August 10, White House.” the president rode horseback to the moun- On June 15, Senator Norbeck and 10,000 tain, sporting cowboy boots and a 10-gal- South Dakotans warmly greeted President lon hat given to him by local residents. and Mrs. Coolidge, their two dogs and the “We have come here to dedicate a cor- First Lady’s pet raccoon as they stepped nerstone laid by the hand of the Almighty,” President Calvin Coolidge formally dedicated Mount Rushmore and pledged federal support for the from the train in Rapid City. They were soon Coolidge told a crowd of 1,000 South project during his 1927 summer vacation in the Black Hills. settled comfortably into the lodge and the Dakotans. In an impassioned speech by a Dakotan way of life. Their three-week visit man not known for his passion, Coolidge national in nature and timeless in its clad cliff known as Mount Rushmore, near turned into a three-month stay. became the first to refer to Mount relevance to history. the isolated mining town of Keystone. Coolidge couldn’t have known that his fish- Rushmore as a “national shrine,” then By selecting four great presidential It had southeastern exposure, giving it ing skills were greatly enhanced by park of- pledged federal support for the project. figures for the carving, the trio sought to direct sunlight most of the day, and was ficials. Before the president’s arrival, chicken After listening with satisfaction to the create an eternal reminder of the birth, made of sound granite relatively free from wire was stretched across the creek up- president’s remarks, the 60-year-old Borglum growth, preservation and development of fracture. Borglum carefully explored the a nation dedicated to democracy and the crevices and sampled the rock of Mount pursuit of individual liberty. Rushmore. With each test, he recon- Borglum soon embarked on a site firmed that he had found his mountain. searching trip to find a grouping of rocks massive enough to support a giant sculp- THE WAITING GAME ture. He examined the Needles, as Rob- Senator Norbeck and Congressman inson suggested, but found the rock too William Williamson easily secured federal brittle for carving and the spires dispro- legislation to allow a mountain carving in portionate to the human form. He left and Harney National Forest. A similar bill in returned next year. It was on Borglum’s the state legislature was passed in 1925. second trip — August 13, 1925 — that he But months passed as supporters found what he was seeking. Borglum and of the Rushmore project scrambled for his party climbed Harney Peak, at 7,242 funding. Environmentalists suggested feet, the highest point between the Rock- the project would deface the mountain- ies and the Swiss Alps. The surrounding side. Others asked how a mortal sculptor vista inspired him. could hope to improve on what a higher “Here is the place!” Borglum ex- authority had already designed. As the claimed. “American history shall march calendars changed to 1926, most South along that skyline.” Dakotans dismissed the whole fanciful He set his sights on the craggy, pine conception.

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thousands of bits for the pneumatic drills. closely spaced holes to exacting depths, Others set dynamite charges or completed a process known as “honeycombing.” PRESERVE RUSHMORE FUN FACTS delicate finishing work on the sculpture. The rock between these holes was then • Visit Mount Rushmore in the winter, Among the most highly skilled workers broken away using chisels and hammers. spring or fall to avoid summer Q. HOW MANY were those using dynamite. Using tech- The final process, known as “bumping,” overcrowding. PEOPLE WORKED niques he had developed at Stone Moun- used a pneumatic drill and a special bit to ON MOUNT • Deposit all litter in recycling bins and tain in Georgia, and relying on skills his leave the finished surface as smooth as RUSHMORE? trash cans located throughout the park. crew had acquired in mining, Borglum a concrete sidewalk. • Stay on established trails. Taking A. There were approximately used the explosive in an innovative way A skilled driller could make $1.25 per hour shortcuts increases erosion and 400 people who worked that helped to remove large amounts of on the project, which was better than the damages vegetation. at Mount Rushmore during the carving rock quickly and relatively inexpensively. mines were paying. Yet Borglum’s crew of- • Don’t attempt to climb the memorial. process from October 1927 to October His powder men became so skilled that ten had to endure extended layoffs due to It’s dangerous, destructive and against 1941. Fortunately, throughout this they could blast to within four inches of the a lack of funds and harsh winter weather. Lincoln Borglum Lincoln extremely dangerous work, there were finished surface and grade the contours When spring or more funding came again, the law. Violators will be fined. no lives lost. of the lips, nose, cheeks, neck and brow. the workers would report back to the moun- • Remember to leave all park resources In fact, 90 percent of the 450,000 tons of tain, eager to get back to work on their ad- where you find them — even the For answers to all your questions, granite removed from the mountain was opted cause. tiniest fossil or the smallest plant. go to OhRanger.com taken out with dynamite. As his dream neared completion, • Ask a National Park Service ranger Borglum’s biggest fear was leaving a about volunteer opportunities in the MODEL TO MASTERPIECE mystery for future generations. In 1938, park. climbed to the mountain’s craggy summit Borglum created a model of the four he began carving a giant vault in the and symbolically drilled six holes to mark presidents on a 1-to-12-inch scale, the commencement of carving. The Mount meaning an inch on the model repre- Rushmore dream would embrace the re- sented a foot on the cliff. This model maining 14 years of his life and leave a has been preserved for viewing at the monument unlike any other. Sculptor’s Studio. To transfer measurements from the model to the mountain, MEN AND MOUNTAIN workers determined where the top of At first, it was just a job, a way to put the head would be, then found the cor- food on the table, but as the four faces responding point on the model. A pro- emerged from the granite, the men who tractor was mounted horizontally on top helped carve the memorial began to share of the model’s head. A similar, albeit 12 the sculptor’s dream. These drill-dusty, times larger, apparatus was placed on unemployed miners, who had originally the mountain. By substituting feet for sought only a paycheck in the heart of inches, workers quickly determined the the Great Depression, became caught amount of rock to remove. up in a challenge that would produce Drillers then used the same measuring a national treasure. system and air-powered tools to drill In the six and a half years of work that occurred on and off between 1927 and WHAT WAS YOUR FAVORITE 1941, Borglum employed almost 400 local PLACE IN THE BLACK HILLS? workers. Some built roads, ran the hoist FOLLOW US! house, generated power or sharpened

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canyon wall directly behind Mount Rush- THE FACES OF RUSHMORE more, in which he planned to place records of the memorial, Western civilization and FUN FACTS individual liberty and freedom. Borglum’s Q. HOW BIG ARE THE

death and the country’s entry into World HEADS ON MOUNT Collins Christian War II, however, intervened and the Hall RUSHMORE? of Records was left unfinished (In 1998, A. The heads are about the National Park Service completed a 60 feet tall—the average scaled-down version of the hall). size of a six-story building. After Borglum’s death, his son, Lincoln, Washington’s nose is 21 feet 1 2 3 4 spent another seven months refining the long and the rest are approximately 20 1 George Washington, the “father of our coun- tion of Independence at age 33, giving the nation monument, but as America prepared feet. The eyes are about 11 feet wide try” and the nation’s first president, earned his place a plan for sovereignty and freedom. Jefferson also for war, funds were needed elsewhere. and the mouths are approximately 18 as the foremost figure in the presidential portrait. Born served as governor of his native state, as minister feet wide. pisaphotography On October 31, 1941, congress de- in 1732 in Virginia, he surveyed what was then con- to France and as secretary of state under President Washington. From 1801 to 1809, he served two clared the monument complete, leaving For answers to all your questions, sidered the western wilderness, the Shenandoah Val- successful terms as the nation’s third president. Mount Rushmore as we know it today: go to OhRanger.com ley of Virginia. At only 23 years old, he commanded the Virginia militia, then served as a member of the Jefferson was ultimately included by Borglum be- a truly American icon that will last for Virginia House of Burgesses. He was a justice of the cause of his vision of an America that spanned from generations. peace and then commander-in-chief of the Continen- coast to coast. His purchase of the vast Louisiana tal Army before assuming his most illustrious role as Territory, which more than doubled the size of the first president of the United States. young nation, brought this dream closer to reality. Washington is remembered for helping the nation Borglum chose to render Jefferson as a young man, using the life mask created by American artist

oddharmonic achieve independence from England and ensuring Americans have a representative government. John H. I. Browere. As depicted on Mount Rush- Before sculpting Washington, Borglum studied more, Jefferson is looking to the heavens, empha- portraits by Rembrandt, Peale and Gilbert Stewart, sizing his reputation as visionary and philosopher. and a life mask by French artist Antoine Houdon. 4 Abraham Lincoln. “The Great Emancipator,” 2 Theodore Roosevelt. The only presidential se- Abraham Lincoln, was born to impoverished par- lection to draw any measure of criticism was that ents in Kentucky’s backwoods in 1809. Lincoln of Theodore Roosevelt, the nation’s 26th president, taught himself law, served in the Illinois Legis- because some said history had not yet judged Roo- lature, then gained a seat in the U.S. House of sevelt’s presidency (he had been dead only eight Representatives. In 1858, he challenged Sena- years). But Borglum believed Roosevelt’s vision of tor Stephen Douglas and —through wit, wis- America’s role in the world community qualified him dom and a series of historic debates— won the for the fourth place on the mountain. Roosevelt had admiration of the American people, though he realized the dream of Christopher Columbus by com- lost the election. pleting the Panama Canal and connecting the waters Elected president in 1860, Lincoln oversaw one of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. of the most pivotal periods in American history, the More significantly, Borglum identified with Roo- Civil War. Through steadfast devotion to the nation, sevelt’s energy and charisma, and saw him as the he successfully preserved the Union. epitome of the American Spirit. Borglum sculpted Lincoln was Borglum’s favorite leader. In fact, him from memory, as he and “Teddy” were close the sculptor named his only son for the 16th presi- friends and confidants before, during and after dent. After studying photographs and a life mask Roosevelt’s presidency. of Lincoln, Borglum chose to portray him with the Gutzon Borglum’s 1-to-12-inch scale model of the monument has been preserved for viewing 3 Thomas Jefferson. Born in 1743 to Virginia beard and the determined look he wore during his at the Sculptor’s Studio. planters, Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declara- tenure in office.

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The stunning panorama of Badlands Na- Wind and the rushing waters of rivers now stevegeer/iStock tional Park rests just an hour east of Rapid long vanished eroded the dry, fragile soil, City on I-90 (exits 110 and 131). This 244,000- coursing through different layers of harder acre landscape is both barren and beautiful. and softer rock, gouging out channels and Wind and rain erosion have created an eerie gullies, and carving cliffs, spires and odd rock moonscape of deep gorges and jagged saw- formations. tooth ridges with rock layers painted in subtle Erosion continues to this day, frequently hues of sand, rose, gold and green. revealing long-buried fossils. Drawn by the fossilized remains of saber-toothed cats, GEOLOGY AND FOSSIL HISTORY miniature camels and horses, and huge rhi- Starting 65 million years ago, weather pat- noceros-like beasts known as titanotheres, terns shifted, and the area now called the scientists discovered millions of years of geo- Badlands was lifted and transformed by geologic history buried in the multicolored layers. logical forces. The black, muddy floor of an One of the world’s richest Eocene/Oligocene At sunset, the colors of the sedimentary rock layers of Badlands National Memorial Park are incredibly vibrant. ancient sea that once covered this area was Epoch fossil beds is located here, yielding a compressed into a band of 2,000-foot-thick wealth of information on the “Golden Age of minibus and $150 for a motor coach. All The White River Visitor Center is about rock known as the Pierre Shale. Forests Mammals” of approximately 25 million to 37 passes are valid for seven days. For more 20 miles south of the town of Scenic on BIA flourished and withered away. Volcanoes laid million years ago. information, please visit the park website at (Bureau of Indian Affairs) Route 27. It is open down a thick layer of ash and rivers repeat- South Dakotans began petitioning Con- nps.gov/badl. in the summer only from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. edly flooded the region, depositing sediment. gress to set aside a portion of the Badlands when staff is available. Located within the These successive layers of matter often held as a preserve as early as 1909. The area was VISITOR CENTERS South Unit of the park (which encompasses the bodies and bones of animals now long designated Badlands National Monument in The Ben Reifel Visitor Center at Cedar part of the adjoining Pine Ridge Reservation), extinct and preserved for posterity as fossils. 1939, then given national park status in 1978. Pass was named after the first American it is staffed by members of the Oglala Sioux Indian to serve in the U.S. House of Tribe working as cultural interpreters. NOT SO “BAD” TODAY Representatives (from 1961–1971). The visi- FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Today, the Badlands are more hospita- tor center is open daily from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. CONTACT INFORMATION “Let sculptors come to the Badlands. ble than when American Indians, trappers in the summer, from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. in the For more information or free maps, Let painters come. But first of all, the true and early fossil hunters explored its won- fall, , from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. in the winter and 9 contact the Superintendent’s Office, architect should come. He who could ders. Highway 240, known as Badlands a.m.to 5 p.m. in spring. The Ben Reifel Visitor Badlands National Park, (605) 433-5361; interpret this vast gift of nature in terms Loop Road, snakes through the passes, Center offers a park orientation film, exhibits [email protected]; 25216 Ben of human habitation so that Americans offering 14 scenic overlooks, roadside ex- featuring models and murals of Badlands’ Reifel Rd., P.O. Box 6, Interior, SD 57750 on their own continent might glimpse a hibits, developed nature trails and an air- landscapes of the past and present with inter- or visit nps.gov/badl. new and higher civilization certainly, and conditioned visitor center at Cedar Pass. active animations and video presentations, as touch it and feel it as they lived in it and well as a bookstore with proceeds donated HIKING deserved to call it their own. Yes, I say ENTRANCE FEES to the park’s education program. Cedar Pass Badlands trails range from a 0.25-mile the aspects of the Dakota Badlands have Entrance fees at Badlands National Lodge, operated by Forever Resorts, contin- loop past fossil displays to a 5.25-mile path more spiritual quality to impart to the mind of America than anything else in it Park are $20 per car, $10 per motorcycle ues the tradition of service to park visitors across a prairie. See the “Walking & Hik- made by man’s G o d.” and $10 for those traveling on foot or by that began in 1928. The Lodge is closed ing” chapter for more information. Park —Frank Lloyd Wright, 1935 bicycle. A Badlands annual pass is $40. during the winter months but offers a res- naturalists present guided walks and hikes Commercial entrance fees are $60 for a taurant, cabins and gift shop in summer. throughout the park, as well as talks, Junior

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There is far more to the Black Hills than miles of known passageways, Wind Cave

U.S. Fish & Wildlife just Mount Rushmore and the Badlands. is one of the longest caves in the world. Its Check out the other amazing places in the rare crystal formations — gypsum beard, surrounding area! boxwork and snowy calcite crystals — dis- tinguish it as a world-class cave, especially CUSTER STATE PARK among veteran spelunkers. South of the memorial, dwarfing the sur- Park rangers provide regular guided rounding rock formations, stands Harney tours of the cave (fee required) year-round. Peak. At 7,242 feet, it is the highest point Also available are above-ground park tours between the Rocky Mountains and the and a bookstore. Spring through fall, 75 Swiss Alps. In the shadows of that gra- primitive campsites are open. For more nite monolith, Highway 87 takes you to the information, call (605) 745-4600 or visit boundaries of Custer State Park. Just south- nps.gov/wica. east, Needles Highway snakes through the Pronghorn thrive in the expansive wild prairie of Badlands National Memorial Park. spires of the park. JEWEL CAVE NATIONAL Heading east, past the State Game Lodge, MONUMENT Ranger Programs and evening programs NATURE AND WILDLIFE is the park’s Wildlife Loop, where even ama- Located west of Custer on U.S. 16, Jewel at Cedar Pass Campground. Check the While admiring the creatures and abun- teur photographers can capture deer, bison, Cave National Monument is part of the same visitor centers for times and locations. dant wildflowers on the lands, don’t forget pronghorn or eagles for the family album. massive Black Hills hydrologic system that Journeying west to the Sage Creek to watch the ridges where eagles, hawks Custer boasts a herd of 1,300 bison, which spawned Wind Cave. Boasting more than Basin area of the park, look for 650 head and turkey vultures soar on warm updrafts. is one of the largest publicly owned herds in 175 miles of explored and mapped passage- of bison as well as pronghorn, bighorn The best times to visit the Badlands are the world. Often, these 2,000-pound animals ways, Jewel Cave ranks as one of the longest sheep, coyote, deer and rattlesnakes early morning and early evening when soft have been known to bring traffic to a halt caves in the world. that live in the 64,250-acre Badlands lighting brings out wildlife and the subtle while they stand in the road. The monument is open daily during the Wilderness Area. Though known for the colors found in the layers of compressed Custer offers multiple lodges, each with its summer season and some extended hours Badlands formations, about half of the sandstone and Pierre shale. own distinct identity. Chuckwagon cookouts, in the spring and fall; a limited schedule of park acreage is prairie. The Badlands wil- Jeep rides and boat rentals are just a few cave tours and staff are available during the derness is the largest remaining expanse BADLANDS NATURAL of the experiences available at the lodges. winter months. New exhibits and displays at of wild prairie in the NPS system. There HISTORY ASSOCIATION For information, call (605) 255-4515 or visit the monument’s visitor center showcase the are no marked trails within the wilder- The association is a nonprofit orga- custerstatepark.info. surface and subsurface features of the monu- ness, but it is entirely open to hiking, nization that assists the National Park ment. Interactive displays will further engage camping and backpacking. Potable water Service with educational, historical and WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK families and kids. Ranging from wildlife di- is available only at park visitor centers, scientific programs for visitors to Badlands Wind Cave is immediately south of oramas to painted murals and a cave crawl- Cedar Pass Campground and Cedar Pass National Park. Proceeds from association- Custer State Park and north of Hot Springs through to touchscreen interpretive podcasts, Lodge. Boiling, using chemicals or even operated book sales help support a wide on U.S. 385. Above ground, elk, pronghorn, visitors will be immersed in even more learn- filtering won’t make the chalky water variety of park activities. For more infor- deer and bison roam the more than 28,000 ing experiences that complement a sense of drinkable. mation, contact the Badlands Natural His- acres of natural sanctuary that make up exploration and discovery. Note: For your safety, it is extremely im- tory Association, P.O. Box 47, Interior, the park. Tickets are required for cave entry and are portant to carry water and tell someone SD 57750, call (605) 433-5489, or visit Below the surface of the park, a lime- sold on a first come, first-served basis. They your itinerary before you depart. badlandsnha.org stone labyrinth awaits. With more than 84 must be purchased 10 to 15 minutes before

30 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS AND MOUNT RUSHMORE | | BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS AND MOUNT RUSHMORE 31 EXPLORING THE BLACK HILLS EXPLORING THE BLACK HILLS CRAZY HORSE: THE FIFTH FACE the scheduled tour time. Teachers may call STURGIS the visitor center to inquire about educa- Sturgis gives off the appearance of another tional programs and academic fee waivers. small, old mining area set in the Black Hills, For information, call (605) 673-8300 or visit where horses once lined the main street. If nps.gov/jeca. you stumble upon Sturgis from August 8 to Memorial_2010 14, you may find something else lined up on THE MAMMOTH SITE the main drag. The town experiences a dra- AT HOT SPRINGS matic population boom with the Sturgis Mo- Twenty-six thousand years ago, Colum- torcycle Rally. Bikers travel thousands of miles bian and woolly mammoths, looking to es- to participate in the rally, which draws crowds cape the bitter cold of the Ice Age, were of more than half a million people! The streets attracted to a warm pond located on the fill with bikes and the sound of motorcycles western edge of present-day Hot Springs. takes over the normally quiet town. It’s no sur- Every now and then, mammoths slid into prise that Sturgis is home to the Sturgis Mo- the natural, steep-sided sinkhole and be- torcycle Museum & Hall of Fame. came trapped. After dying of starvation or exhaustion while trying to climb the slip- DEADWOOD A Crazy Horse Memorial model in the foreground of the actual mountain site. pery sides of the hole, their bodies settled Located minutes from the Black Hills Na- to the pool’s murky bottom and eventually tional Forest, Deadwood is a small town rich The Mount Rushmore Memorial encouraged steed, the 563-foot-tall memorial is being carved became entombed in silt. in Wild West history. Deadwood became the another accomplished artist to carve a second co- in the round and will dwarf even the four presi- In 1974, a bulldozer operator was prepar- first National Historic Landmark in South Dakota lossal sculpture in the Black Hills. In 1948, seven dents on Mount Rushmore when completed. ing the site for a housing project when he back in 1961. With authentic gaming halls, time- years after work stopped on nearby Mount Rush- After Ziolkowski’s death in 1982, and his wife, more, grand-scale carving began on the Crazy Ruth’s in 2014, the memorial continues to be built, noticed a tusk in the dirt. Now the spot is appropriate street lamps and fine dining, Dead- Horse Memorial. overseen by seven of the Ziolkowskis’ 10 children. called the “Mammoth Site,” and is enclosed wood is an elegant trip back to the time when Sculptor Korczak Ziolkowski (pronounced On site are the 1/34th-scale plaster model, the in a modern interpretive facility, which is lo- miners came through over a century ago. “Jewel-cuff-ski”) had worked as an assistant to studio-home and workshop of the sculptor, the cated just west of Hot Springs on U.S.18. Gutzon Borglum at Mount Rushmore in 1939. museum gift shop, the Indian Museum of North For more information, call (605) 745-6017 KEYSTONE That same year, Chief Henry Standing Bear of America featuring three immense exhibit halls or visit mammothsite.com, or call the Hot Keystone is the closest town to Mount the Oglala Sioux, wrote Ziolkowski asking him to with thousands of artifacts, the Native American Springs Area Chamber of Commerce at Rushmore and a vital gateway. This old min- consider carving a giant sculpture dedicated to the Educational and Cultural Center, and the new (800) 325-6991. ing town offers lodging, dining and entertain- American Indian. The Sioux, Standing Bear said, Mountain Museum and restaurant. Unlike Mount ment for visitors. There is more to the town “would like the white man to know the red man Rushmore, Crazy Horse Memorial is funded solely than its proximity to the monument. Experi- has great heroes, also.” by private donations and admission fees. sporst ence the west the same way its first visitors Ziolkowski, a determined artist, loved the chal- Admission to the monument is $11 per per- did, by train. The authentic 1880 train takes lenge and was inspired to dedicate the rest of his son or $28 per carload. The monument is open 8 riders across the untouched tree-covered life to the sculpture. Chief Henry Standing Bear, a.m.until 4 p.m. from mid-October to mid-May. In Black Hills. Try your hand at gold panning at and other leaders, chose the Sioux warrior Crazy the summer, the monument is open from 8 a.m. Big Thunder Gold Mine or explore Rushmore Horse for the subject. Crazy Horse was born in the until dark. The “Legends in Light” Laser Show is Cave. The Keystone Historical Museum dis- Black Hills and is partially credited with Custer’s performed in season. The Crazy Horse Memorial plays exhibits on the rich regional history with sensational defeat at the Battle of Little Bighorn. is located between Custer and Hill City on U.S. photos, early mining tools and memorabilia. The artist spent several decades alone on the 16-385. For more information, contact the Crazy The museum is open June through August, mountain, drilling and blasting the likeness of the Horse Memorial Foundation, 12151 Avenue great Sioux leader from the granite of Thunder- of the Chiefs, Crazy Horse, SD 57730; or call Get a glimpse into an ancient world at the 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Admission is free and Mammoth Site in Hot Springs. visitors can go on a walking tour. head Mountain. Depicting Crazy Horse atop his (605) 673-4681, crazyhorsememorial.org.

32 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS AND MOUNT RUSHMORE | | BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS AND MOUNT RUSHMORE 33 THINGS TO DO

THINGS TO DO district of the Black Hills also offers excel- An area in Sage Creek Campground has been lent climbing among its approximately 300 designated for horses. Inquire at the visitor granite spires. A guide to technical climb- center for more information on horse use at Throughout the year, you can experience Hills streams are stocked with rainbow ing called Climbing the Needles—Touch the Badlands. wonders of western South Dakota through trout. Some spots to try are Pactola Res- Sky,” published by the American Alpine numerous park activities and programs. ervoir and Sheridan Lake in the Black Hills Club, can be purchased at local bookstores. HUNTING Check park newspapers and brochures for National Forest, and Center and Stockade Equipment, maps and other information Hunting is a year-round sport in South Da- current programs and scheduling. lakes in Custer State Park. You can pick up are available at many sports shops in Rapid kota. While hunting is not permitted in South a non-resident fishing license at any sport- City. Check local climbing regulations (and Dakota’s national parks, hunters have access SPRING, SUMMER ing goods store and at many convenience recommendations), as rules and conditions to nearly five million acres of public land. AND FALL stores. Fees for the license are $16 ($8 for vary by park. Upland game, waterfowl, small game and residents) for 24 hours, $37 for three days or big game dominate the fall hunting seasons. $67 ($30 for residents) for a year. HORSEBACK RIDING Predator hunting fills the winter months and FISHING Various private outfitters offer horse rent- spring signals the start of turkey hunting and In the land where trout is king, fishing TECHNICAL CLIMBING als in the Black Hills. Gunsel Horse Adven- the second season for light geese. has attained royal status. All headwater Short, demanding, technical climbs are turers also conducts Western pack trips, streams, including Grizzly Bear Creek near plentiful in the Black Hills, making it the ideal including multi-day trips, in Badlands National PICNICKING Mount Rushmore, are full of brook trout; place to explore different ways to reach Park. For more information, inquire in the visi- Pack a picnic and head for any of the free Rapid Creek and Spearfish Creek have wild individual summits. Devils Tower in neigh- tor center or call (605) 343-7608. Horseback picnic areas that dot the Black Hills and the brown trout; and Horsethief Lake below boring Wyoming is undoubtedly the most riding is allowed anywhere in the park except Badlands. Mount Rushmore and many other Black touted climb, but the Needles-Sylvan Lake on marked trails, roads or in developed areas. With spectacular views of the Black Elk Char

Join SCA as we celebrate 60 YEARS OF SERVICE to national parks and empower young conservation leaders across America. Serve, give or learn more at THESCA.ORG

The geological formations of the Black Hills offer a challenge to climbers.

34 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | | BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE 35 THINGS TO DO THINGS TO DO

The Volksmarch takes place on the hounds can find more than 40 different first full weekend in June, often co- minerals here, including rose quartz, cop- inciding with the anniversary of the per, silver and feldspar. Keep your eye out 1998 dedication of the nine-story- for a Fairburn agate, the state’s official high carved face of Crazy Horse and gem, which is rusty brown with a white the anniversary of the first blast on core that is visible when it’s split in half; the mountain. they are found in alluvial deposits along The Crazy Horse Volksmarch is spon- the foothills.

South Dakota Department of Tourism sored by the Black Hills Chapter of the American Volkssport Association (AVA) WILD CAVING and hosted by Crazy Horse Memorial. At Jewel Cave National Monument, Admission is free to the memorial for hik- visitors can experience extraordinary cav- ers, with a donation of three cans of food ing on the Wild Cave Tour, no spelunking per hiker for the KOTA Care & Share Food experience is required. The Wild Cave Drive. The AVA charges $3 per person (for Tour is offered mid-June through the end all ages) for the hike. of August. With hard hat secured and headlamp turned on, you are ready to ex- ROCKHOUNDING perience the cave in its natural state. Wild The unique geology of the Black Hills Cave Tours require each participant to fit Horses are allowed anywhere in the park, except for marked trails, and are a great way to see the area. ranks it in the top five locations in the through an opening that measures 8.5 United States to find a variety of minerals. inches top to bottom and 24 inches from Wilderness and Harney Peak, the Iron Moun- MOUNTAIN BIKING Besides the obvious “rock” gold, rock- side to side. tain Picnic Area in the Black Hills National Mountain biking is quickly becom- Forest is located near the Norbeck Memo- ing a popular activity in the Black Hills, rial Overlook, along Iron Mountain Road. The with nearly 6,000 miles of fire trails and Breezy Point Picnic Area offers command- logging roads open for exploration. Though ing views of Mount Rushmore. It’s located you probably won’t find these roads marked in the Black Hills National Forest just west of on a map, any gravel road into the Black Hills Mount Rushmore on State Highway 244 . National Forest —such as Deerfield Road In Badlands National Park, the west of Hill City— will lead you to one. If you Bigfoot Pass Picnic Area is located along need to rent a bike, check in the communi- the Badlands Scenic Byway, seven miles ties of Rapid City or Custer. northwest of Cedar Pass. Named for Chief Bigfoot, this area overlooks the route he and CRAZY HORSE VOLKSMARCH his band took to Wounded Knee in 1890. For more than two decades, the annual Eight miles south of the Pinnacles Entrance Crazy Horse Volksmarch (an organized to the Park, the Conata Picnic Area is the hike) is a woodlands ramble to the world’s gateway to the Sage Creek Wilderness area largest mountain carving in progress. and is an ideal spot to have lunch and take in The 10K (6.2-mile) round-trip hike is the the park’s wildilfe. most popular event of its kind in the nation, For more information about getting pro- drawing as many as 15,000 participants. It visions for your picnic, see the “Camping” is the only time each year (weather permit- chapter. ting) the public can ascend the carving.

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BEYOND DAKOTA: DEVILS TOWER

America’s first national monument is a massive stone pillar that juts skyward 1,267 feet above the Belle Fourche River Valley.

Timothy Pearce To geologists, Devils Tower is an igneous intrusion. To American Indians, it is Mato Tipila, “Bear Lodge.” The Tower Walk enables visitors to explore Devils Tower with a ranger on the Tower Trail. This 1.5-hour guided walk begins in front of the visitor center. Good walking shoes and water are recommended. The Black Hills are not exclusively in South Da- Access to the monument is year-round, but kota. A portion of the mountain range spills west the park’s visitor center is open only from May into neighboring Wyoming. If you continue north through October. and then veer west on I-90, you’ll cross the bor- For more information, contact the Superin- der. U.S. 14 at Sundance will put you on the path tendent’s Office, Devils Tower National Monu- toward Devils Tower National Monument, which ment, P.O. Box 10, Devils Tower, WY 82714; is located about 120 miles west. (307) 467-5283 or visit nps.gov/deto.

WINTER Custer has made the Black Hills a true snowmobiling destination. Exploration of the SKIING Black Hills’ hidden byways by snowmobile At the end of November, preparations begin has become a regular winter pastime. for ski season. In the Black Hills, peak skiing is Pathways are groomed every night in the during January and February, with snow con- winter. Snowmobile servicing, rentals and tinuing to accumulate until early April. Down- guides are available, as are pit stops, gas, hill and Nordic skiers flock to the area’s two warming shelters, trailheads and parking. To major ski resorts, Terry Peak and Deer Moun- check snow and trail conditions, call (800) tain. Both resorts have ski shops, equipment 445-3474 or (605) 773-3301. rentals, ski schools, lounges and restaurants. For more information about ski slope conditions, including cross-country trails, call South Dakota Tourism’s “Sno-WATS” line at (800) 445-3474 or call the South Dakota Office of Tourism, (605) 773-3301. Roderick Eime/SDRoderick Tourism SNOWMOBILING The development of a 270-mile network of marked, mapped and groomed See the Black Hills in thrilling fashion on a snowmobile trails from Spearfish to snowmobile.

38 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | CAMPING

CAMPING derosa pine forests and prairie. It is open PACKING ESSENTIALS year-round ($18 per night, from mid-May to mid-September; reduced fees at other Don’t hit the trail without: NEAR MOUNT RUSHMORE recommended to make reservations and times). Restrooms, firewood, fire grills and • Topographic map and compass + GPS Camping is not permitted at Mount arrive early. picnic tables are provided, but water is avail- • Whistle Rushmore; however, just minutes away, For more information, contact Camp able only in the summer. A permit is required • Flashlight or headlamp the U.S. Forest Service operates a camp- South Dakota, South Dakota Tour- for backcountry camping. For more informa- • Sunglasses, sunscreen and hat ground at Horsethief Lake. The KOA ism, 711 Wells, Pierre, SD 57501- tion, please contact Wind Cave National Park • High-energy food and plenty of water Mt. Rushmore campground is the clos- 3369; (800) SDAKOTA (732-5682). at (605) 745-4600, or visit nps.gov/wica. • Appropriate clothing and extra layers est to the memorial. It has cabins, tent For information on camping in South • Waterproof matches sites, full hookups, a restaurant, a lodge Dakota’s state parks, contact the De- BADLANDS CAMPGROUNDS and other amenities. The resort provides partment of Game, Fish & Parks, 523 The park service operates campgrounds • Insect repellent shuttle service to the sculpture lighting East Capitol, Pierre, SD 57501-3182; at Cedar Pass (96 sites, $22 per night for • Pocket knife ceremony. Call (605) 574-2525, or visit (605) 773-3718. For RV information, visit tent and $37 for RV sites) and Sage Creek • First-aid kit koa.com for more information. gocampingamerica.com. (a primitive campground with 15 sites, pit toi- • Sturdy footwear With enough campsites to accommo- lets, and no running water or campfires; free). date 25,000 overnight guests, the Black WIND CAVE CAMPGROUND For camp reservations, contact Cedar Pass Hills is ideal for camping. All camp- At Wind Cave, Elk Mountain Camp- Lodge, 20681 South Dakota Highway 240, In- The Circle 10 Campgroundand RV grounds in the Black Hills are within ground offers 75 sites for tents and terior, SD 57750, call (877) 386-4383; or visit Park has tent sites, full hookups, showers 90 minutes of Mount Rushmore. It is recreational vehicles amid rolling hills of pon- nps.gov/badl. and laundry facilities, plus a pool. Take exit Cooking stoves and charcoal grills are al- 131 off I-90 three miles from the park’s lowed in campgrounds, but open fires are not east entrance. For more information or res- allowed in the park. Outside the park, food, ervations, please call (605) 433-5451 or gasoline, lodging and camping are available at (800) 231-3617. the gateway towns of Interior, 11 miles south of I-90 on Highway 44; and Wall, at the junc- CAMPING SUPPLIES South Dakota Tourism tion of I-90 and Highway 240. Groceries and general camping sup- The Badlands Interior Campground and plies, such as gloves and camp stove Motel has camp cabins, full hookups, grocer- fuel, are available at outlets near Mount ies and laundry facilities. Take I-90 to exit 131 Rushmore. to Highway 240 to Highway 377 to Interior. In Rapid City, the Rushmore Mall, off For more information or reservations, call I-90 at exit 58 or 59, has more than 100 (605) 433-5335 or (800) 388-4643. stores offering everything but groceries. Nestled amid mature trees, the Open weekdays from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.; Badlands/White River KOA is a quiet Saturday, 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.; and Sunday, oasis adjacent to the Badlands. The 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. Just two miles south of campground has free Wi-Fi, a pool, level Badlands National Park’s Ben Reifel Visi- pull-thrus, a pet park, 50 amp service and a tor Center is Badlands Grocery. pancake breakfast. Take I-90 Exit 131, 4 miles east of Interior on Hwy 44. It is open from WHAT WAS YOUR FAVORITE April 15 to October 1. For more information or PLACE IN THE BLACK HILLS? reservations, call (800) 562-3897 or visit on- FOLLOW US! There are many campsites in the area if you desire a more rustic experience than hotels can provide. line at koa.com.

40 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | | BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE 41 WALKING & HIKING

Whether you’re a day hiker, backpacker, MOUNT RUSHMORE ice climber, spelunker or hardened moun- The Presidential Trail departs from taineer, you can find the trail you’re look- Grandview Terrace and follows the his- ing for in the Black Hills or Badlands. toric roadbed of State Highway 244 to You can purchase a detailed map show- the talus slope directly below the sculp- ing trail locations at Wind Cave, Jewel ture. This 0.5-mile trail (with 422 stairs) Cave, Custer State Park, Bear Butte provides some extraordinary views of Dual-layer LCD State Park and Forest Service offices in Mount Rushmore as it meanders on to The display uses a two-layer structure consisting of Rapid City and Custer. the Sculptor’s Studio. National Park Ser- monochrome liquid-crystal overlaid with color liquid-crystal. vice rangers lead guided walks during The monochrome liquid-crystal permanently shows the time, while the color liquid-crystal displays maps, measurements HIKING TIPS the summer months. During the winter and apps. Before you set off on your hike, remem- months, the trail may be closed due to MIL STANDARD-compliant ber to check a route’s difficulty, the time ice and snow. Be sure to check at the in- TOOL button The watch’s resistance to required for round-trip travel, water avail- formation center for news about closure. Calls up tools such as environmental conditions complies the compass or ability, and the trail and weather conditions. Two other trails lead to Borglum with the MIL-STD-810G altimeter and can be environmental test standard assigned to any app. The park discourages hiking or climbing View Terrace and the Sculptor’s Studio: stipulated by the US Department of Defense. alone, and no matter how experienced you one is a nature trail that starts from the This testing checks that Direction the watch operates Measurement are, always let someone know your itiner- main entryway and the other is a steep normally under a ary before you head out. trail with uneven steps that starts from wide range of environmental Altitude While you’re hiking, stay on desig- Grandview Terrace. Borglum View Ter- stresses, including Measurement being dropped and nated trails. Cutting across switchbacks race was the location of sculptor Gutzon subjected to vibration, and that it can handle Atmospheric increases erosion and can be dangerous. Borglum’s first on-site studio. - Pressure the tough demands Measurement Many trails have precipitous drop-offs, of outdoor use. slippery surfaces and loose sand and shale. To be safe, stay back from the Location Memory Links with the GPS function APP button edges, watch your footing and wear ap- FUN FACTS to accurately display local propriate footwear. places and track your Can be assigned to any app. Q. IS MOUNT RUSHMORE movements, as well as allowing Summer temperatures can exceed HANDICAPPED you to record speci c locations. 100°F in the shade. Wear a hat and sun- ACCESSIBLE? Knowing Where you Are screen, and carry plenty of water – you The color map display means you should drink one gallon per day. Avoid hik- A. All facilities at Mount can always see where you are. Rushmore National Memorial Downloading the maps beforehand ing or camping in flash flood areas, and allows you to check your location on are wheelchair-accessible. There the map even when your smartphone stay away from high, exposed places dur- is out of signal range. Android Wear™ APP is handicapped parking available and ing lightning storms. As well as noti cations and responses there are a limited number of wheelchairs Recording Memory on Maps to incoming email and calls, the phone Do not disturb wildlife or remove any You can use the “TOOL” and “APP” supports a range of apps and services available, free of charge, for visitors at the buttons to zoom the map in or out. provided by Google™. park resources, including rocks, plants, information center. You can also use the tracking marks and voice input to leave text memos fossils and artifacts. Vehicles, including on the map. bicycles, are only allowed on paved or For answers to all your questions, designated roads and trails. Always re- go to OhRanger.com member to pack out all your litter. Water Resistant to 50 Meters * Android Wear, Google and other product names are trademarks of Google Inc. 42 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | * Some functions are not available when the phone is connected to an iOS device. Size: 61.7 x 57.7 mm (H x W) Thickness: 15.3 mm Weight: 92 g WALKING AND HIKING WALKING AND HIKING

WALKING & HIKING TRAILS THE BLACK HILLS Area maps are available from the Difficulty Many of the Black Hills National For- Forest Supervisor at Black Hills Na- Trail Starting Point Distance Description est’s 53 miles of hiking and horseback tional Forest, Rt. 2, Box 200, Custer, SD BADLANDS trails lie within the Norbeck Wildlife 57730; (605) 673-2251. Preserve and the Black Elk Wilder- Northern end of large Easy Easy walk through a natural doorway into the Bad- Door Trail Door and Window 0.75 miles ness area, which are located adjacent to BADLANDS lands formations parking area round-trip the memorial. They are part of the Har- While there are only eight developed ney Peak Trail System, so most trails trails in the Badlands, all of the park’s Window Center of Door and Easy An accessible boardwalk ends in a dramatic view of Trail Window parking area 150 yards canyons. lead to Harney Peak, the highest point 244,000 acres are open to hikers. The Fossil 5 miles northwest of Easy A quick loop past replicas of fossils discovered in in South Dakota. The peak is named af- developed trails range from short and Exhibit Trail Ben Reifel Visitor Center 0.25-mile nearby formations ter General William S. Harney, the com- easy to long and difficult. The Clif f loop mander of the military in the Black Hills Shelf, Fossil Exhibit, Window and Castle Trail Fossil Exhibit Trail Moderate Moderate hike through a mix of prairie and Badlands area in the late 1850s. Door Trails are interpretive in charac- and the Door/Win- 5.25 miles topography The area is rich with wildlife and affords ter and designed to help visitors explore dow parking area one-way panoramic views of pine forests, geologic some aspect of the park’s natural his- Notch Trail North end of the Difficult Travels through a small canyon, up a ladder, past a formations and cool canyons. Horseback tory. All developed trails start from park- Door and Window 1.5 miles dry, 20-foot waterfall and then ends at a natural wall. parking area round-trip Watch for sharp drop-offs. riders and hikers are the primary users of ing areas along the Loop Road near the the extensive trail system. The Black Hills Ben Reifel Visitor Center. For more infor- Saddle Pass Loop Road, 2 miles Difficult Leads from the Loop Road, 2 miles west of Cedar Trail west of Cedar Pass 0.2 miles Pass, climbs the wall for 0.25 miles and intersects are the perfect location for a day trip or ex- mation on the park, see the “Badlands the Castle Trail tended stay, so get ready to explore. National Park” chapter. Cliff Shelf 1/2 mile north of the Easy Winds through a wooded prairie oasis surrounded Nature Trail Visitor Center 0.5-mile by the parched Badlands. Walkers will wander in loop trail and out of small, tree-shaded areas and take advan- tage of boardwalks and a flight of natural stairs.

MOUNT RUSHMORE

The Presi- Washington (south) Easy to Get a closer view of Mount Rushmore on this fam- dential Trail side of the Grand Difficult ily-friendly trail. It takes you to the base of the moun- View Terrace 0.5 miles tain, down to the Sculptor’s Studio and back up to the terrace. You can help preserve BLACK HILLS the places you love to hike. Crow Peak 7 miles southwest of Difficult This challenging hike has a worthwhile reward – Trail Spearfish on Higgins 3.5 miles panoramic views over Wyoming, South Dakota and Join today and get a Gulch Road Montana. 20% discount on membership. Centennial Bear Butte to Wind Easy to This landmark trail begins in the prairie grasslands Trail Cave (more than 24 Moderate near Bear Butte State Park and crosses the north- Use this exclusive Oh, Ranger! access points) 111 miles south length of the Black Hills to Wind Cave Na- code APN20 tional Park. Harney 14 trailheads Easy to Accessible by hiking or horseback riding, this trail merican iking.org/join Range Trail Difficult winds through the Black Elk Wilderness. Hike one A H 50 miles or all of the Harney Range trails.

Flume Trail Sheridan Lake Easy to This national recreation trail follows the historic Moderate Rockerville Flume bed as it winds through the Black 11 miles Hills. Photo: Philipp Lublasser

44 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | | BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE 45 WHO’S WHO AT WHO’S WHO AT THE PARK educational books and products about person or $28 per carload. The monu- THE PARK Mount Rushmore and the region. The ment opens at 8 a.m. year-round. Clos- organization also operates the Mount ing hours vary. The monument is located The dedicated efforts of the following tinctive collection of regional and handmade Rushmore Audio Tour. You can find out five miles north of Custer on U.S. 16- groups make possible the continual preserva- gifts, Northern Plains native crafts and offers more about this tour at the Mount Rush- 385. For more information, contact Crazy tion and improvement of Mount Rushmore, a memorable stay in this unique destination. more Audio Tour Building or at any of the Horse Memorial Foundation, 12151 Badlands and other national parks. Thoughtfully designed to enhance a visitor’s bookstores throughout the park. Avenue of the Chiefs, Crazy Horse, experience and understanding of Native Sales from the bookstores and audio SD 57730, call (605) 673-4681 or visit THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE American Culture, Cedar Pass Lodge em- tour sales help support several of the crazyhorsememorial.org. The NPS is the federal custodian braces the historical significance of South Da- park’s needs. For more information, con- of all national parks, including Mount kota and the western prairies. tact the Mount Rushmore Bookstores at SOUTH DAKOTA STATE PARKS Rushmore National Memorial, Badlands For information about Forever Resorts, 13036 Hwy 244, Keystone, SD 57751, call The South Dakota State Parks protect National Park, Wind Cave National Park go to ForeverResorts.com. For infor- (800) 699-3142 or (605) 574-3128 or visit some of the most beautiful land the state and Jewel Cave National Monument. As mation on Cedar Pass Lodge, visit mountrushmoresociety.com. has to offer. More than 60 parks and rec- an agency of the U.S. Department of the CedarPassLodge.com or write Cedar Pass reation areas across the state offers a Interior, the NPS has the responsibility of Lodge, P.O. Box 5, 20681 Hwy 240, Interior, BADLANDS NATURAL range of activities for visitors. From rocky preserving and protecting the environmen- SD 57750; (605) 433-5460. HISTORY ASSOCIATION crags to sun-soaked prairies to tree- tal and cultural values of our national parks, Founded in 1959, the association is laden forests, South Dakota has it all for protecting the fish and wildlife therein, THE MOUNT RUSHMORE a nonprofit organization that assists the the ultimate adventure. For more infor- and providing for public use and enjoy- NATIONAL MEMORIAL SOCIETY National Park Service with educational, mation, visit gfp.sd.gov/state-parks or ment of the parks. Visit nps.gov for more The Mount Rushmore National Memorial historical and scientific programs for visi- call (605) 773-3391. information. Society has been supporting Mount Rush- tors to Badlands National Park. more National Memorial since work on the Proceeds from association book sales BLACK HILLS PARKS & XANTERRA PARKS & RESORTS® mountain first began. Currently running the help support park activities such as the FOREST ASSOCIATION Xanterra Parks & Resorts® operates the bookstores located in the visitor centers and training of naturalists and visitor center The Black Hills Parks and Forests Asso- memorial’s Carvers Cafe, the gift and ice the audio tour of the monument, the soci- staff; the publication of free visitor infor- ciation is a nonprofit interpretive associa- cream shops. Recently, Xanterra Parks & ety is one of the nation’s largest and oldest mation; and the funding of historical and tion partner of the National Park Service, Resorts® invested millions of dollars in new National Park Service friends organizations, scientific research, student internships, National Forest Service, South Dakota concession facilities at Mount Rushmore. raising millions for facility improvements and special visitor programs and school out- Game, Fish & Parks and National Grass- Within Mount Rushmore, it hires more than promotional events since 1930. reach programs. Contact the Badlands lands. It operates outlets in 14 locations 100 seasonal employees. For employment The Mount Rushmore Institute is an- Natural History Association, P.O. Box 47, in the Black Hills, including Jewel Cave information and applications, contact Xan- other division of the society, serving as Interior, SD 57750, call (605) 433-5489, National Monument, Wind Cave National terra Parks & Resorts®, Employment Of- a forum to advance the cause of free- or visit badlandsnha.org. Monument, Custer State Park, Black Hills fice, Mount Rushmore National Memorial, dom and the principles of democracy. & Nebraska National Forests where publi- 13000 Highway 244, Bldg. 81, Keystone, Contact the Mount Rushmore National CRAZY HORSE MEMORIAL cations are available. For more information SD 57751; (605) 574-2515; or visit online at Memorial Society at P.O. Box 1524, Rapid The Crazy Horse Memorial pays trib- or to purchase, call (605) 745-7020 or visit xanterra.com. City, SD 57709; call (605) 341-8883, or ute to the great Sioux warrior and is the blackhillsparks.org. visit mountrushmoresociety.com. world’s largest mountain carving. The CEDAR PASS LODGE Crazy Horse Memorial Foundation works Forever Resorts operates Cedar Pass MOUNT RUSHMORE BOOKSTORE to protect and preserve American Indian HOW WAS YOUR STAY IN THE Lodge, the only lodging, gift store and res- The Mount Rushmore Bookstores are culture and traditions. It is completely BADLANDS? LET US KNOW. taurant located in Badlands National Park. located in the information center, visitor funded by donations and admission fees. FOLLOW US! Cedar Pass Lodge provides visitors a dis- center and Sculptor’s Studio and carry Admission to the monument is $11 per

46 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | | BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE 47 NATURE & WILDLIFE

NATURE & WILDLIFE NPS

The Black Hills region represents a rocky ledges and in the crags, crevices unique mosaic of forest and prairie envi- and forests surrounding Mount Rushmore. ronments, bringing together animals and The dominant tree at Mount Rushmore plants that cannot be found living together and throughout the Black Hills is the pon- anywhere else. As a transitional east- derosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Tower- meets-west landscape, the Black Hills ing as high as 180 feet, its bark is yellow support a diverse blend of species from to orange in mature trees and black in the deciduous forests to the east, the younger trees. Five- to 10-inch dark green Rocky Mountain forests to the west, the needles grow in tufts near the end of its deserts to the southwest and the native branches. Reaching 75 feet, the state tree Midwest prairie. of South Dakota, the Black Hills spruce (Picea glauca), is found in the cool gulches LIFE IN THE FOREST and basins of Mount Rushmore. Elevation determines the type of vegetation in the Hills: the high granite peaks LIFE ON THE PRAIRIE surrounding Mount Rushmore support The evergreen forests and stands of decid- Prairie rattlesnakes are more often found in holes and under rocks than out in the open. only sparse plant life, while lower eleva- uous trees of the Black Hills are interrupted tions and streambeds foster the growth of by stretches of fertile meadows, gradually ment supports a different, yet coexistent, di- patch with light colored borders runs along hardwoods and spruce, as well as many giving way to a sea of prairie grass that flows versity of life. the center of their backs. Adult rattlesnakes marshland weeds and grasses. A variety past Badlands National Park to become the The lanced-leaved cottonwood (Popu- can reach more than 40 inches in length. of animals and birds can be found on the Great Plains. This variegated prairie environ- lus acuminata) and the eastern cotton- While mountain lion (Puma concolor) wood (Populus deltoides), named for their sightings are rare, there is a sizable popula- 3- to 4-inch-long seed-bearing capsules tion that inhabits the Black Hills. Also known REINTRODUCTION OF THE BLACK-FOOTED FERRET that release cottonlike seeds, are found as pumas or cougars, they are tan to light in small numbers in the lower canyons cinnamon with black on the back of their be extinct in the 1970s, a small colony of this of Mount Rushmore. ears and the tip of their tail. Adult males can member of the weasel family was found on a A vital range grass of the Great Plains, grow to 8 feet in length, including the tail, and ranch near Meteetse, Wyoming. Canine dis- the blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) is able weigh 150 pounds. Adult females may be up temper killed all but 18 ferrets in the colony. The survivors were trapped and protected to withstand drought conditions extremely to 7 feet long and weigh 90 pounds.

U.S. Fish & Wildlife by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and be- well, providing nourishment for range animals These powerful felines are apex predators came part of a captive breeding program. during dry periods. Its leaves, which grow with few natural enemies. They prey primar- The black-footed ferret is a prairie resident 3 to 6 inches, are made up of curved seed ily on deer, but are opportunistic hunters. It’s that is dependent upon extensive prairie dog spikes, giving them a distinctive comblike true that mountain lions are more likely to see colonies for survival. Depletion of prairie appearance. you than you’ll see them, but they are danger- dogs in the 20th century has lead to the near The prairie rattlesnake is the only ven- ous and aggressive and you should be pre- extinction of this ferret. Captive-bred ferrets omous snake native to South Dakota, and pared. If you encounter one, stay calm. Never were reintroduced in Badlands National Park while seldom seen, is a common inhabitant turn your back or run. Make yourself appear The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) in 1994. Park staff are encouraged by wild- of Badlands National Park. Experts at camou- larger, make a lot of noise and throw rocks is considered to be the most endangered born kits (young ferrets), some of which are flage, the prairie rattlesnake is a light brown and sticks. If you are attacked, stand your land mammal in North America. Thought to now producing young. to green, with a yellowish belly. A dark oval ground and fight back.

48 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | | BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE 49 NATURE & WILDLIFE

WATCHABLE WILDLIFE

1 2 3 We’re More than a Mountain Carving! Indian Museum of North America® 4 5 6 Educational and Cultural Center® 1 COYOTE (CANIS LATRANS) 4 PRAIRIE DOG (CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS) The cry of the coyote is one of the most dis- The prairie dog is a rodent, about the size of a rab- Sculptor’s Studio Home and Workshop tinct sounds of the American West. Coyotes bit, commonly found across South Dakota. These are smaller than wolves and are very successful animals spend a large amount of time construct- Laughing Water Restaurant predators. They eat small mammals, reptiles, in- ing dwellings. In recent years, the population of sects and fruit. When hunting in packs, they are prairie dogs has been impacted by plague, carried Snack Shop • Gift Shop capable of killing significantly larger animals. • by fleas. • Weight 2–3 lbs • Length 12–15 in • Weight 20–30 lbs • Length 3–4.5 ft • Active Active year-round. Photo: Jeff Kubina Daily performances and year-round. Photo: lacomj Legends in Lights® laser 5 WHITETAIL DEER (ODOCOILEUS show - in season. 2 AMERICAN BISON (BISON BISON) VIRGINIANSUS) 2017 Bison can grow up to six feet tall and weigh up The white hairs on the underside of the deer’s to a ton. They were reintroduced into the park af- tail and rump are an effective communication ter wholesale slaughter reduced their numbers device. They graze on green plants and woody from 60 million to 800 in the late 1800s. These vegetation, and thanks to their four-part stomach, powerful animals can climb steep terrain, jump can feed on food that other mammals cannot. Al- over fences and outrun humans! • Weight though principally nocturnal, they can be active 800–2,000 lbs • Length 7–12.5 ft • Active year- at any time. Weight 90–310 lbs • Length 6–7 ft round. Photo: U.S. Fish & Wildlife • Active year-round. Photo: U.S. Fish & Wildlife

DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP 3 BOBCAT (LYNX RUFUS) 6 The bobcat is not often seen by visitors. Most (OVIS CANADENSIS NELSONI ) Massive curled horns are the most distinctive bobcats are nocturnal and solitary, and eat feature of this non-native species. They were in- mainly small mammals and birds. The ani- troduced to the area following the 1916 extinc- mal’s ears are pointed and black-tipped with tion of Audubon sheep. Padded hooves allow it black hair tufts spiking upward. It’s named for to climb steep and rocky terrain. • Weight 150– its stubby, or bobbed, tail. • Length 2–4 ft; 200 lbs • Length 5¼ ft (average) • Height 5–6 ft tail 4–7 in • Weight 20 lbs (average) • Active • Active year-round. Photo: U.S. Fish & Wildlifel year-round. Photo: Brooke Gilley

50 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | PHOTOGRAPHY

The ecosystems of America’s national behavior so that you can be prepared for and state parks and public lands are among what it will do next. the most diverse on the planet—from the • The eyes have it. Capturing your subject’s wetlands of the Everglades to the tem- eyes will lead the viewer into the picture perate rain forests of Olympic National and make your image more impactful. Park and the deserts of Death Valley to Always keep the eyes in focus and try to the mountains of Yellowstone and Grand place them in the power points (the inter- Tetons. For both aspiring and experienced section of rule of third guidelines). photographers, the goal of any trip to a na- • Keep a safe distance. You’ll want to keep tional park is to capture its endemic wildlife. a minimum of 25 yards between you and Taking photographs of animals presents a your subject and more than 75 yards for unique set of challenges. Landscapes cooper- larger predators. That means that you’ll ate; wildlife does not. Not only are animals need a big telephoto lens if you want to get likely to react to a photographer’s presence, up close and personal. but they are also driven by their own instincts • Shoot in burst mode. Instead of taking a and behavior, which can make capturing them single frame, increase the probability that difficult. The tips below will help you com- you’ll capture the behavior, head position or pose better wildlife images of all creatures angle by capturing multiple frames. great and small—from the bison to the tiniest • Be prepared. Wildlife, and particularly hummingbird and everything in between. birds, move quickly and without provoca- • Use a tripod. If you are using a large tele- tion. Practice your panning skills to better photo lens, consider investing in a gimbal catch birds when they alight. head, which will make it easier to track your • Timing is everything. The best time to subject. photograph wildlife is during the golden • Know your subject. Before you take out hours—at dusk and dawn—when the light your camera, understand your subject’s is soft and less likely to cast harsh shadows across your subject’s face. • Keep it simple. The easiest way to draw attention to your subject is to use a simple background. Use a shallow depth of field to blur any distracting backgrounds. JPecha/iStock • Aim for the action. Make your image more compelling by capturing your subject exhibiting its natural behavior—flying, hunting, eating or caring for young. The best way to take better photographs is to practice, and you don’t need to go far. Buy a bird feeder and build a studio in your Don’t miss your shot! Be aware of your backyard, where you’ll be able to create surroundings. your own version of A Star(ling) is Born.

52 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | JUST FOR KIDS

Energizing BECOME A JUNIOR RANGER sculptors and ask them what they would adventure in partnership with Kids between the ages of 5 and 12 carve, where and why. the National Parks Conservation can join this popular program at Mount Association. Rushmore, Badlands and Jewel Cave to UNCOVER A MAMMOTH learn more about the importance of our na- The Mammoth Site in Hot Springs (approx- tional parks. By completing the fun activities imately 1.5 hours south of Mount Rushmore) described in the park’s Junior Ranger Booklet, offers youths ages 7 to 15 a unique, hands-on kids can earn Junior Ranger certificates and opportunity to learn to excavate, map and take badges. To learn more, inquire at the infor- field notes at this world-renowned excava- GO AND CONQUER mation or visitor centers. Daily Junior Ranger tion site. For more information about Junior Programs are offered at Badlands from mid- Paleontological Digs, write the Educational June through August. For little ones, Jewel Program Department at P.O. Box 606, Hot Cave also offers a Pee Wee Ranger Program Springs, SD 57747; or call (605) 745-6017. For SAVE 20% for kids ages 3 to 4. general information on visiting the Mammoth PLUS EARN 1,000 WYNDHAM REWARDS Site, open year-round, call (800) 325-6991. WALK THROUGH HISTORY BONUS POINTS WHEN YOU BOOK 2 NIGHTS* The Living Memorial is a recorded guide of TATANKA: STORY OF THE BISON AT TRAVELODGE.COM/GO Mount Rushmore including narration, music, Thirty to 60 million bison once roamed the interviews and historic recordings of Ameri- great plains of North America. By the close of can Indians and workers who carved the the 19th century, it’s estimated that fewer than rock. You can rent a handheld wand for $5 at 1,000 bison survived. The Native American In- the Audio Tour Building across from the Infor- terpretive Center & Story of the Bison tell their mation Center. The tour is available in English, story. Journey through an authentic Lakota Spanish, German and Lakota. Encampment with Native American Interpret- ers on-site giving presentations throughout the HUNT FOR GOLD day. Call (605) 584-5678 for more information Get in the spirit of the 1876 Gold Rush! or visit storyofthebison.com. Head for the streams of the Black Hills where amateur gold panners still regularly find placer gravel containing gold nuggets,

flakes and dust. All you need is a gold pan Britt Reints and a little luck—any gold-panning enter- prise will be happy to show your kids the tricks of the trade. The difference between a trip and an adventure? The can-do, can-conquer attitude that can only come from a good night’s sleep. USE YOUR IMAGINATION While touring, play “What do you see Stay Close to Adventure.® Travelodge and Go. in the rock?” as you drive by the spires of the Needles or the eerie moonscape of the Amateurs may be able to find some gold flakes *Subject to availability at participating hotels. Wyndham Rewards members only. Book online by September 4, 2017 & complete the 2 night minimum stay by September 10, 2017. Sunday– Thursday arrivals only. Offer subject Badlands. Have your kids pretend they are and dust in the Black Hills. to change/cancellation at any time, as well as full terms at www.travelodge.com/go. Void where prohibited.

54 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE |

68274_LWP_F2_APN_Mag_MechR2.indd 1 3/29/17 6:18 AM IF YOU ONLY HAVE A DAY

It is possible to fit in a quick tour of Mount Allow at least two hours to explore Mount Rushmore National Memorial and Badlands Rushmore. Find your state’s flag while walk- National Park in one day. The parks are a two- ing down the Avenue of Flags right in front hour drive (100 miles) apart, so it is good to of the monument. Or, time permitting, come start early. While exploring, you will see some back to the memorial for the nightly lighting of the best parts of the Black Hills region. ceremony, which begins at 9 p.m. during the Coming from the east on I-90, turn into summer (8 p.m. in the fall). On the Fourth Badlands National Park at Cactus Flat (exit of July, the park puts on a fireworks show 131), then head south on Highway 240 for (weather permitting). 10 minutes to the Ben Reifel Visitor Center. Continue south past the memorial on Here, get lunch at Cedar Pass Lodge (April– Iron Mountain Road, which connects to October), visit the interpretive offerings or Custer State Park’s Wildlife Loop Road. hike a short trail near the visitor center. A two-hour drive takes you around the Continue west on Highway 240 through loop where you will see an amazing array the park and be sure to stop at the many sce- of animals. Often, entire herds of buffalo nic overlooks along the way. After you pass line the prairie as far as the eye can see. Pinnacles Overlook, head north to I-90 to An alternate route back to Mount Rush- exit the park. Continue west on I-90 through more is to complete three-fourths of the Rapid City and take exit 57 to Highway 16 loop, then get on the Needles Highway (Mount Rushmore Road), which will bring and cut over onto Highway 244 going you straight to the memorial. east to the memorial. ILCphoto/iStock

WSD-F20

*1 Original Casio criteri *2 •Drop: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 516.7 Procedure IV. •Random Vibration: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 514.7 Procedure I. •Humidity: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 507.6 Procedure II. •Solar-Radiation: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 505.6 Procedure II. •Non-Operating Altitude: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 500.6 Procedure I. •Operating Altitude: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method500.6ProcedureII. •Non-Operating High Temperature: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 501.6 Procedure I •Non-Operating Low Temperature: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 502.6 Procedure I. •Temperature Shock: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 503.6 Procedure I-C. •Icing Freezing Rain: Tested in conformance with MIL-STD-810G Method 521.4 Procedure I. (The performance of this instrument has been confirmed under various test environments, but its operation in actual use is not guaranteed for every environment. Freedom from breakage or failure can also not be guaranteed.) •This product conforms to the JIS C 61000-3-2 harmonic electrical current standard. •This product is in conformity with or certified to the Radio Law, Telecommunications Business Law and VCCI. •The screen design shown is correct at the time of development. Actual design may vary. •The final specifications may differ from those shown. *Bluetooth® and Bluetooth SIG are registered trademarks. *Wi-Fi are Wi-Fi Alliance registered trademarks. *Android, Android Wear and other terms are trademarks of Google Inc. *Other service and product names are, in general, trademarks or registered trademarks of the companies concerned.

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56 BLACK HILLS, BADLANDS & MOUNT RUSHMORE | B:5.875" T:5.375" S:4.75"

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FCA_US Mechanical Size Final Output Size Team Corporate R. Sievert, B. Fernandez, N. Montieth, G. Hammes, J. Polanin, K. Summers, S. Manfrin, S. Koller, C. Scale 1" = 1" Bleed 5.875" w x 8.875" h Ad # FBCJE74907_American_Pk_Nat'l Nieto, E. Ruby, T. Waterloo Trim 5.375" w x 8.375" h Job # P74907 WO# 3 Final Output 100% Safety 4.75" w x 7.75" h Destination(s) Studio PO# 25574 Bleed 5.875" w x 8.875" h American Park National Print_Magazine, , Page, 4/C Bleed Trim 5.375" w x 8.375" h Safety 4.75" w x 7.75" h

File Name P74907_FBCJE74907_American_Pk_Natl.indd Document Path DDB:FCA_US_LLC:Active_Work:FBCJE_Jeep:P74907_FBCJE_Compass:Mechanicals:P74907_FBCJE74907_American_Pk_Natl.indd Revision # 1 Links Fonts Inks Creative Date Created 4-20-2017 12:25 PM MXM_JCP17US4_900Res_V1.psd (CMYK; 2072 ppi; 43.44%), TreadLightlyLogo_White.psd (CMYK; 389 Slug Font Myriad Pro Family Cyan Account Group Saved 4-21-2017 2:27 PM ppi; 18.48%), Jeep_Rev.ai (17.15%) Gotham (Black, Medium; OpenType), Magenta Print Producer [email protected] Printed 4-21-2017 3:20 PM United Italic SemiExt (Bold; OpenType), Yellow Lead Digital Artist emily ruby Print Scale None United Italic Reg (Medium; OpenType) Black Digital Artist emily ruby InDesign CC 2015 Retoucher tom waterloo Notes Proofreader