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Home , Black Hills, Cheyenne, Deadwood Formation

PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS ATLAS HA-744-E U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES Northern part of area —SHEET 1 OF 2 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Carter, J.M., and Redden, J.A., 1999, Altitude of the Top of the AND THE WEST DAKOTA WATER DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT in the Area, South Dakota

R. 6 E. R. 4 E. R. 5 E. 10330' R. 5 E. R. 3 E. R. 4 E. R. 2 E. R. 3 E. 10345' 10400' R. 1 E. R. 2 E. 3000 3000 3000

-1000 -3000 EXPLANATION

-2000 Outcrop of the Deadwood Formation -2500 -1500 4445' Deadwood Formation present, but overlain directly by sur cial deposits 212 Belle Fourche Deadwood Formation absent 4445' Reservoir 79 Fault—Dashed where approximated, dotted where concealed. Bar and ball on downthrown side Belle Anticline—Showing trace of axial plane and direction of plunge. 212 85 Dashed where approximated, dotted where concealed -3000 Syncline—Showing trace of axial plane and direction of plunge. urche Newell Fo Dashed where approximated, dotted where concealed -1002 -500 3000 Monocline—Showing trace of axial plane. Dashed where approximated, dotted where concealed 3000 Horse 3000 212 —Symbol size approximately proportional to size of dome. Dome asymmetry indicated by arrow length T. 9 N. 3000 T. 8 N. 2000 Structure contour—Shows approximate altitude of the top of the T. 9 N. WHITEWOOD Deadwood Formation. Contour interval 100, 200, or 500 feet. T. 8 N. Dashed were inferred. Datum is sea level River 212 Belle Nisland Control point—Location of water well or oil, gas, or water test hole. -1000 4180 Number is known altitude in feet above sea level 212 212 3000 -2570

Fruitdale rche Belle ou 0 F Creek Fourche -743 -2500

Creek 85

-1500 -2000 River Hay ANTICLINE -500 34 34

3000

3000 3000 500 -1000 79 Vale

BELLE T. 8 N. BUTTE CO T. 7 N. T. 8 N. LAWRENCE CO MEADE CO T. 7 N. River FOURCHE

1000 0 CO -500 TE UT LAFLAMME B 34 3000 3000

Creek Redwater

ANTICLINE 1500 85 0

ANTICLINE 3000

Saint -2500 2000 Onge 90 14 500 710 3000 Creek -2000 2500 34 3000

T. 7 N. T. 6 N. -1500

T. 7 N. 4000 T. 6 N. 4000 4000 3000 Creek -1000 4000 4430'

1000 79 Creek 4430' 4000 3000 -500 0 4000 Spear sh 200 600 3500 90 14 800 90 4000 3000 4200 4000 14 3000 400 4000 -1000 3000

3700 85 -500 4600 ELKHORN 1200

CIRCUS BEAR 0 50005000 500 34 3800 PEAK 4400 Bottom 1000 BUTTE 5200 4800 FLATS 1400 1500 14A 3500 3500 3600 1000 85 200 CROW -200 PEAK 0 3700 4000 4000 Whitewood Spring 2000 3000

Spear sh 90 4000 2500 14 34

-2000 500 -1000 False -1500 5000 4000 4000 1500 1000 5000 3000 -500 4500 0 T. 6 N. 5000 CITADEL T. 5 N. 4500 ROCK 2000 T. 6 N. 4000 Creek 34 T. 5 N. 5000 3000 5000 3500 5000 79 14A 34 4500 Fort 4000 2500 Meade Butte 5000 5000 Contours not Sturgis 3000 shown due to 79 5000 5000 5500 4210 structural 85 complexity Creek 5500 Whitewood 5000 Creek 4180 14A 4000

4000

5000 Alkali Creek

WYOMING Deadwood 5000 14A 5000

5500 14A Iron 5000 90 14 6000 6000 79 10300' R. 8 E. R. 9 E. 85 R. 7 E. R. 8 E. 5000 Bear 10315' 5000

6000 6000 6000 Lead T. 5 N. 4000 T. 4 N. 5000 6000 5500 VANOCKER 5000 3000 LACCOLITH

385 5000 6000

-1500

6000 5000

5500 -2000 5000 5500 Creek 0

-1000 6000 Antelope

3000 6000 3000 Tilford -500 5592 2500 500 Crossing 14A 4500 85 5000 5000 1500

6000 4000 6000 4000 2000 1000 6000 3000 6000 5000 3500

6000 3000 6000 Elk Spear sh 6000 6000 T. 4 N. 5000 5000 85 Little T. 3 N. MEADE CO Creek WHITEGATES 4415' 90 6000 T. 4 N. 4500 5000 14 6000 LAWRENCE CO T. 3 N. 4000 Creek 79 1000 P Creek

6000 I Elk 3000 E 4415' D Boxelder 5000 M Elk O 3000 6000 N T Piedmont M O 6000 NO

North C A LIN E N

5000 5000 T

5000 I C

2500 L Fork I 3500 N 3000 385 E

1600 4000

MONOCLINE 4000 1520

1500

6000 85 3000

Rapid

6000 5000 5000

6000 T. 3 N.

4500 4000 6000 T. 2 N. PEAK Creek

Creek T. 3 N. South T. 2 N. 3200 79

7000 Fork Blackhawk FANNY 6000 Boxelder 5000

Rapid 6000 7000 PENNINGTON CO 3190 Creek 385 4830 90 Creek 7000 14 Rochford Box Elder

6500 4000 3500 3500 3580 Rapid 4000 3330 14 90 3000 6000 6500 5000 6465 5000 4500 North 44 79 Fork 190

6500 5000 6000 3680 16 T. 2 N. Castle 4000 Rapid Rapid City 5000 T. 1 N. 44 3530 79 Creek Creek Silver 3727 16 T. 2 N. City Pactola 3715 T. 1 N. Rap id 44 5000 Reservoir Big Bend 5000 Castle 5000 3292 Creek 3600 6000 5000 3460 44 44 5000 3510 3215 -1500 79 Creek 3660 Creek 2000 1500 6000 4000 2500

500 1000 6000 Castle 0 -500

3500 Creek 3000 -1000 16

4000 3000 6000 4000 3000 2770 Deer eld 5000 44 6000 385 Lake 4000 6000 5000 6000 3175 2987 Deer eld 5000 4167 4010 4400' 3170 R. 8 E. R. 9 E. 10300' R. 7 E. R. 8 E. R. 6 E. R. 7 E. 10315' R. 5 E. R. 6 E. R. 4 E. R. 5 E. 10330' R. 3 E. R. 4 E. 4400' R. 2 E. R. 3 E. 10345' 10400' R. 1 E. R. 2 E. Planimetric base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000: and Sundance, 1979; Belle Fourche, 1983; Rapid City, 1977 INDEX TO STRUCTURE MAPPING Topographic base modi ed from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:24,000, from maps dated 1950-84 Universal Transverse Mercator projection INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION OF THE DEADWOOD FORMATION REFERENCES Zone 13 North Horizontal Datum 1927 This map is a product of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, which was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, The - and -age Deadwood Formation is composed primarily of brown to light-gray Carter, J.M., 1999, Selected data for wells and test holes used in structure-contour maps of the Inyan Kara quality, and distribution of surface water and ground water in the Black Hills area of South Dakota (Driscoll, glauconitic sandsone, , , and local basal conglomerate (Strobel and others, 1999). The thickness Group, 1992). This long-term study is a cooperative eort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the South of the Deadwood Formation increases from south to north in the study area and ranges from 0 to 500 feet; the Minnekahta Limestone, Minnelusa Formation, Madison Limestone, and Deadwood Formation: Structure contours modi ed from: Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the West Dakota Water Development District, Deadwood Formation is absent in the southern part of the study area (Gries, 1975). In the northern and U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-260, 51 p. which represents various local and county cooperators. This map is part of a series of 1:100,000-scale maps for north-central Black Hills, the Deadwood Formation is conformably overlain by the Whitewood Dolomite and Carter, J.M., and Redden, J.A., 1999a, Altitude of the top of the Inyan Kara Group in the Black Hills area, South 1. Redden (1994) the study. The maps include a hydrogeologic map, structure-contour maps (altitudes of the tops of formations) Winnipeg Formation. The Winnipeg Formation is not present south of the approximate latitude of 44 degrees, Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-744-A, 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. for ve formations that contain major aquifers in the study area, and potentiometric maps for these ve major and the Whitewood Dolomite is not present south of the approximate latitude of Nemo (DeWitt and others, ———1999b, Altitude of the top of the Minnekahta Limestone in the Black Hills area, South Dakota: U.S. 1 aquifers (the Inyan Kara, Minnekahta, Minnelusa, Madison, and Deadwood aquifers). 1986). South of the approximate latitude of 44 degrees, the Deadwood Formation is overlain by the - Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-744-B, 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. The study area consists of the topographically de ned Black Hills and adjacent areas located in and -age Englewood Formation. The Deadwood Formation is underlain by -age ———1999c, Altitude of the top of the Minnelusa Formation in the Black Hills area, South Dakota: U.S. South Dakota. The Black Hills area is an elongated, dome-shaped feature, about 125 miles long and 60 miles igneous and metamorphic rocks throughout the study area. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-744-C, 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. wide, which was uplifted during the Laramide (Feldman and Heimlich, 1980). The oldest geologic ———1999d, Altitude of the top of the Madison Limestone in the Black Hills area, South Dakota: U.S. units in the study area are Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are exposed in the central core ALTITUDE OF THE TOP OF THE DEADWOOD FORMATION Geological of the Black Hills. Surrounding the Precambrian core is a layered series of sedimentary rocks including Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-744-D, 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000. , , and that are exposed in roughly concentric rings around the uplifted anks of The Deadwood Formation generally dips away from the core of the Black Hills. The dip of the top of the DeWitt, Ed, Redden, J.A., Wilson, A.B., and Buscher, David, 1986, Mineral resource potential and of the the Black Hills. The bedrock sedimentary units typically dip away from the uplifted Black Hills at angles that Deadwood Formation generally is steepest near the outcrop, where it can exceed 20 degrees, and gradually Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and : U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1580, 135 p. approach or exceed 10 degrees near the outcrops, and decrease with distance from the uplift. Many of the decreases with increasing distance from the outcrop to less than 1 degree near the study area boundary. The Driscoll, D.G., 1992, Plan of study for the Black Hills Hydrology Study, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey sedimentary units contain aquifers, both within and beyond the study area. Recharge to these aquifers occurs altitude of the top ranges from 7,000 feet above sea level (based on the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of Open-File Report 92-84, 10 p. from in ltration of precipitation upon the outcrops and, in some cases, from in ltration of streamow 1929) in the west-central part of the study area to 3,200 feet below sea level in the northeastern part. Structure Feldman, R.M., and Heimlich, R.A., 1980, The Black Hills: K/H Geology Field Series, Kendall/Hunt (Hortness and Driscoll, 1998). Artesian conditions generally exist within these aquifers where an upper contours were not drawn in part of the northeastern part of the study area because of lack of data points and Publishing Company, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, 190 p. con ning layer is present. Flowing wells and artesian springs that originate from con ned aquifers are structural complexity. Gries, J.P., 1975, Mineral and water resources of South Dakota: U.S. Congress, 94th, 1st Session, Interior and common around the periphery of the Black Hills. Insular Aairs Committee Print, 313 p. The purpose of this map is to show the altitude of the top (structure contours) of the Deadwood Hortness, J.E., and Driscoll, D.G., 1998, Streamow losses in the Black Hills of western South Dakota: U.S. Formation within the area of the Black Hills Hydrology Study. The depth to the top of the Deadwood Formation Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4116, 99 p. can be estimated at a speci c site by subtracting the altitude of the top of the formation from the topographic Redden, J.A., 1994, Structural contours and Phanerozoic structures in the Rapid City and , elevation. However, caution is urged in determining the depth to the top of the formation in areas on the map South Area covered by Dakota 1:100,000 scale quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-81, 4 sheets, scale this sheet SOURCES OF DATA 1:100,000. Strobel, M.L., Jarrell, G.J., Sawyer, J.F., Schleicher, J.R., and Fahrenbach, M.D., 1999, Distribution of

The outcrops shown on the map are from Strobel and others (1999), and the structural features are hydrogeologic units in the Black Hills area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Black modified from Redden (1994) and Strobel and others (1999). The data points shown on this map were Atlas HA-743, 3 sheets, scale 1:100,000.

SOUTH DAKOTA compiled from interpretation of drillers’ logs and geophysical logs of numerous oil, water, and gas wells and test holes, and from information stored in the ground-water database of the USGS National Water Information Hills System. Many of the site locations were field verified during the study. The altitudes of subsurface contacts WYOMING were compiled from data obtained from J. Paul Gries (South Dakota School of Mines and Technology), the South Dakota Geological Survey, and the USGS. Additional information for the wells and test holes used for this

map are presented in Carter (1999). In areas where no wells penetrated the Deadwood Formation, the altitude IOWA of the top of the formation was estimated based on the structure contours of the shallower Inyan Kara Group (Carter and Redden, 1999a), Minnekahta Limestone (Carter and Redden, 1999b), Minnelusa Formation (Carter and Redden, 1999c), and Madison Limestone (Carter and Redden, 1999d). The structure contours in these areas probably are less accurate than in areas nearer the outcrop of the Deadwood Formation.

SCALE 1:100,000 For sale by the U.S. Geological Survey 2 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 MILES Branch of Information Services Box 25286, , 80225-0286

2 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 KILOMETERS LAND SURFACE CONTOUR INTERVAL 200 FEET NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 Altitude of the Top of the Deadwood Formation in the Black Hills Area, South Dakota By Janet M. Carter and Jack A. Redden Printed on recycled paper 1999