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International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(1), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com An Analysis of Operating 1Nandhini.U, 2Nivetha.tag">B and 3Shobana. 1,2Scholar, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Information , Sri Krishna Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, India

Abstract: Linux is an for Intel 386/456/ Pentium based IBM PCs and congenial. A world wide group of enthusiastic volunteers has forces in developing many aspects of Linux on the . Linux can run the powerful set of and programming tools of free foundation and X- free 86 ,a port of the X windows system from MIT. One useful feature of Linux is its ability to coexist with other operating system. Thus a has made an investment in DOS/MS windows software may continue running these applications on and install.

Keywords: Linux, Operating system, Distributions, Software, Kernel, . 2. KERNEL MANNER: The kernel space is the space I. INTRODUCTION in memory where all kernel servers are provided via kernel process. The user has access to it only through the Linux is a UNIX – like and mostly POSIX non . A user process becomes a kernel process resistant operating system. was when it executes a system call. first released on 5 October 1991 by Linus Torvald, a graduate Technology in Finland. Since it was written A. Kernel Structural from scratch, it does not contain any behavior code. It is assembled under the model of free and open source 1. development and distributes. Linux is an leading It is trustworthy for storing on disk and operating system on and other big such as acquires updating this information. The is mainframe and fastest computer. It also accessed through system calls such as: open, , and runs on the coordinated system devices having OS . Example: FAT16, FAT32, NTFS , . is typically built into a , it includes smart phones, tablets running android, Linux derivatives, 2. Process management network routers, televisions, video games and smart The Unix OS is a -sharing system. watches. The may be used, modified and Every process is regular to run for a period of time (time distributed with respective license as GNU general public slice). Kernel creates, Succeed and deletes processes. [2] license. Some of the popular Linux distributions are , , , FEDORA, ARCH B. Types of Processes LINUX, and SUSE Linux organization server.

II. KERNEL ARCHITECTURE

Modules or sub-systems that provide the operating system functions. It is an core of a operating system. It is written by . 1. USER MANNER: The user manner is the space in memory user processes run. This memory is above the kernel. It includes the rest of the accessible memory. The space is covert. The system prevents one process from 1. Running: The process is either running or it is ready to interfacing with another process .Only kernel processes run. can approach a user process. [2]

IJTRD | Jan-Feb 2016 Available [email protected] 32 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(1), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com 2. Waiting: The process is waiting for an or for a , , and Linux Mint these are beginning. belonging to second group. The working of the system and the preparation of files for both types of distributions 3. Stopped: The process has been obstructed usually by is indistinguishable. Several icons can be seen on the obtain a . desktop for both of the distributions. Switching between different desktops called . It is also possible 4. Zombie: This is unfit process which for some reason in all Linux distributions. All distributions have file still has a affected data structure in 26 the application for managing files, for vector. browsing the Internet, email, applications and several C. other applications for audio, video operations. [1]

Related with each physical driver or essential A. Rpm Based Distributions driver is a piece of code called Device Driver, which : Red hat Linux operating system is carry off the device hardware. The main functions of the Linux version distributed by Red hat. It was driver: Setting up hardware on data formatting. Bringing developed in November 3 1994. This operating system the connected devices into and out services. Receiving can work in different types of computers such as data from hardware and passing it back to the kernel. desktops, servers as well as in computers having different Sending data from the kernel to the device. Detecting and subject field and processors. Several applications for manipulating device errors. office productivity, web browsing, mailing operations D. and games are installed by default, by installing this of distributions. Applications for photo and image Physical memory is divided into portion of equal influence and networking are also available with this size called . Types of memory management are: operating system. Encryption facility, , multi languages support are the other features available with  Physical memory. this of distributions. Red Hat Linux for Real Time is a  . for deadline-orientated applications  Swap memory. and time-sensitive workloads. Red Hat Linux for Real Time contains the reliability, scalability, and of E. Networking the world’s starring Linux horizontal . [1] [3]

The first incorporate ability in 1. Fedora Linux: UNIX was formulated for Berkeley UNIX 4.2 based Fedora Linux is an operating system develops under sockets execution. Sockets provide a programming Fedora project against presented by Red hat. This is a interface for networking. robust and matured operating system. The of III. DEVELOPMENT fedora Linux is known as . This operating system has several default applications. New versions are The special difference between Linux and released with added features. New release of these other operating system is “Linux kernel”. Many Linux distributions comes with different desktop state of affairs distributions are “Distros”. It is a far collection of system namely GNOME, KDE, and LXDE and so on. Support software and packages available for for audio, video and other multimedia files are also download and installations through a network connection. available with these distributions. Support for web cams Distributions use a package executive such as , , and wireless networking is also available in new zipper, packman or to install, remove and modify interpretation. [1] all of system's software from one fundamental location. 2. Mandiva Linux Linux Distributions: [1] This distribution was also known as Mandrake Linux. Linux distributions are divided into two groups. This is also based on Red hat. It is tone of the  rpm based distributions. common and popular 's Linux distributions.  (Debian)based distributions. comes from 100% community- Driven organization that believes in the values of free In rpm distributions, they include distributions like Red software & cooperation and whose origination values are hat Linux and its derivatives, Fedora, Man diva, Cent Os, Development, Equality, Co-operation, Openness, SUSE. In deb distributions, they include Ubuntu,

IJTRD | Jan-Feb 2016 Available [email protected] 33 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(1), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com Freedom, Group, Achievement, Independence and from itself and operate through RAM. This is one of the Solidarity. [1] [6] most popular Linux distributions. This is a deb based operating system. It can be uploading via Bit Torrent or 3. Suse Linux: FTP/HTTP or it can be sequential on , DVD or USB SUSE is a commercial Linux version and is very secure. flash key. There is also one example of the Free versions of these distributions are known as Open “experience shows”. For computers which cannot boot SUSE Linux. This is a common and popular operating from USB drives. There is also a “boot-only” CD edition. system is rpm based. It is implanted in 1992. SUSE, now [1] [8] it is part of . It is the original supplier of the 3. Damn Small Linux: project and the most inter operable level for mission-critical computing. to these Damn Linux is small Linux distribution having a distributions is released day-to-day. Different desktop small size of just 50MB.The distribution can also run environments can be designated the time of from CD and from within the windows operating system. installation. The open SUSI wiki is the source of To create a live CD, the image file having an extension of information of the open SUSE project and distribution. .ISO is to be downloading from the web. Damn small The goal is to provide high quality documentation and Linux or DSL was discharged in 2003 to create a Linux place for collaboration on all part of the projects. This is operating system for older hardware. It's based on done well structured, standardized and easily readable KNOPPIX/Debian profession. The DSL system way. Content is created, edited and refined by all demands are community members. [4] [9]  486 or better business organization B. Deb Based Distributions: [1]  8 M memory for the command program  16 M memory for the graphical user program Debian/GNU Linux is a comprehensive and  The DSL upload is 50 M non commercial Linux distribution. Debian is a volunteer based Linux distributions. The package is deb based and IV. APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT IN the dependency resolver is apt-get. This Linux version LINUX supports system of different architecture. It has two desktop environments-Gnu Network Object Model Applications menu in the panel in the GNOME Environment (GNOME) and environment. There are four types of environment to (KDE). Several distributions are derived from Debian. develop applications in Linux. This distribution has regular new releases.  Development Environment. 1. Ubuntu Linux:  Development Environment. UBUNTU Linux is an easy to use Linux version.  Environment. UBUNTU operating system has two versions-the desktop  editor. :[1][2] versions an the server version. This operating system is derived from DEBIAN LINUX. Two types of graphic A. Advantages of Linux user interfaces namely GNOME and KDE are available for UBUNTU. The version in which K Desktop 1. Cost: Environment is used is known as . Open The most manifest benefit of using Linux is the fact office applications, web browser, messaging applications, that it is free to obtain where products are text and graphic editor, client and games are available for a powerful and sometimes continual fee. installed by default. This operating system also provides Microsoft licenses typically are only allowed to be support for a number of languages. UBUNTU organizes installed on a single computer, whereas a Linux files in a hierarchical , where relationships are distribution can be installed on any number of computers thought of in terms of children and parent. Directories without paying a single deck. [1][7] can contain other directories as well as regular files, which are the “Leaves” of the tree. Any of the 2. Security: tree can be references by a Name. [1] [5] The security characteristic of Linux is much stronger than that of Windows. The Linux operating 2. Knoppix L Inux: system has been managed to stay secure in the real of KNOPPIX Linux is one of the first distributions widespread viruses, spy ware and ad ware. The simplest that came with live CD distributions. Live CD can boot benefits of Open source code to establish are increased

IJTRD | Jan-Feb 2016 Available [email protected] 34 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(1), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com

security, responsibility and functionality. Because users CONCLUSION of Open source are promptly able to identify and correct problems with the program and to refer their own In this paper we have bestowed the accommodative field improvement for incorporation into the program. surroundings for operating system as a Solution for interdependence hardware beginning amongst multiple 3. Reliability: operating systems. We have bestowed its subject field The subject field of Linux is superior to and recommended an execution method for the ix86 Windows because critical operating system functions are using Linux as the base OS. We have also characterized enforced in such a way that batty programs cant cause the areas of relevance. Although the execution computer to become unstable and . communicating has centralized around on the ix86 using Linux, the idea bestowed may be prolonged to other 4. Capabilities: subject field and other base operating system in order to render the same ability. [2] In component to the system helpful its tools from the UNIX world, Linux usually comes with the References Apache , an email server, router/firewall ability and SQL information. Linux is POSIX [1] Linux – Learning the Essentials written by K.L nonresistant which means that applications developed for James. Linux can be operated on other POSIX nonresistant [2] https://www.sics.se/~amir/files/download/os- UNIX procedure with a minimum of process. lab/linux1. [3] https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/linux- B. Disadvantages of Linux platforms/-Linux [4] https://www.opensuse.org/  Non-compatible software [5] https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LinuxFilesyste  Unsupported hardware mTree. C. Comparison of Linux, Windows & Mac Operating [6] https://www.openmandriva.org/ System [7] http://www.osnews.com/story/24936/Damn_Small_ Linux_Still_Damn_Fun [8] http://www.zdnet.com/article/hands-on-with- knoppix-linux-7-2-0-a-well-established-and-very- stable-Linux-distribution/ [9] https://en.opensuse.org/Main_Page

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